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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 8 (1969), S. 277-284 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 37 (1972), S. 223-231 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Three mutants of Pisum sativum showing anomalies in the conjugation phase of meiosis, were investigated cytogenetically. Inspite of apparent normal chromosome pairing there is a strong reduction of chiasma number resulting into univalent formation. Simultaneously, chromosome aberrations appear as consequence of breakage and reunions in the prophase stage. The combined occurrence of these anomalies and their respective quantitative relationships to each other have been explained in the light of “breakage-reunion hypothesis” through the action of following factors: pairing behaviour, breakage frequency, number of breakages at one locus in the chromatid tetrads, behaviour of breakage ends and effects of environment. Due to the interaction of these factors all the anomalies found in our mutants are explainable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 48 (1976), S. 23-34 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The course of meiosis in higher plants is controlled by a large number of genes, the function of which can be discerned by means of mutants showing any kind of meiotic anomaly. In general, there are three main groups of genes belonging to this system. The as-genes control the pairing behaviour of the homologous chromosomes, causing asynapsis in the mutated condition. The ds-genes are responsible for chiasma formation and chiasma frequency, causing desynapsis in the mutated condition. As- and ds-genes influence micro- and macrosporogenesis in a similar way but the ms-genes become effective only in microsporogenesis, resulting in a complete breakdown of meiosis at a stage specific for each gene of the group. In Pisum sativum, 58 mutants showing genetically conditioned meiotic anomalies have been cytogenetically analysed: 34 of them belong to the ds- and 7 to the as-group; one gene causes asynaptic as well as desynaptic effects; 13 genotypes are male sterile due to degeneration of the chromosomes; the remaining 3 genes cause less specific meiotic disturbances. The lethality of a mutant can be overcome by distinct environmental conditions but the mutant is sterile because of manifold meiotic anomalies. One gene in the Pisum genome controls the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage of the plants. Other genes influence the differentiation of the growing points in such a way that the sporogenic tissues are not formed. In these mutants, no sporocytes are present which can undergo meiosis. From the findings available for many species of the plant kingdom, it can be assumed that hundreds of genes controlling meiosis are present in the genome of each higher plant.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 48 (1976), S. 227-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In konjugationsgestörten Mutanten treten im Verlaufe der Meiosis Univalente oder Univalente und Bivalente in wechselnden Häufigkeitsverhältnissen zueinander auf. Ihre räumliche Anordnung im Spindelraum der Metaphase I wurde zytologisch untersucht und die Befunde statistisch ausgewertet. Der überwiegende Teil unseres Materials ließ sich einheitlich durch eine Polya-Verteilung charakterisieren. Für deren Parameter wurden — für jeden Genotyp und für jede Univalentenklasse getrennt —Punkt-und Intervallschätzungen nach der Maximum Likelihood-Methode durchgeführt. Aus der Lage der Schätzwerte konnten wir schließen, daß bei allen untersuchten Mutanten die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Univalente, sich in der Metaphaseplatte einzuordnen, um so größer wird, je mehr Bivalente in der Zelle vorliegen. Die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Univalente ist bei unseren Mutanten unterschiedlich. Bei einer geringen Anzahl von Bivalenten erhöht jedes zufällig in der Metaphaseplatte angeordnete Univalent die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die übrigen, sich ebenfalls dort einzuordnen. Ist die Zahl der Bivalente erhöht, so nimmt die gegenseitige Beeinflussung der Univalente in einigen Fällen ab, in anderen Fällen bleibt sie lediglich erhalten. Es wurde zum Schluß versucht, die erarbeiteten Befunde als univalentenbedingte strukturelle und funktioneile Änderungen im Aufbau des Spindelapparates zu erklären.
    Notes: Summary Asynaptic and desynaptic mutants are characterized by the appearance of univalents in the course of meiosis. Their spatial arrangement in the spindle apparatus of metaphase I was cytologically investigated and the findings were statistically analysed. The great majority of our material could be fitted to a Polya-distribution. For the parameters of this distribution, point- and intervalestimations were performed by the maximum likelihood method, separately for each genotype and each univalent class. From the position of the estimates in the different classes, it can be concluded that in all genotypes under consideration a high number of bivalents increases the probability of the remaining univalents being arranged in the metaphase plate. The mutual interference of the univalents themselves differs from genotype to genotype: when the number of bivalents is low, each univalent that happens to be arranged in the metaphase plate raises the probability that the remaining univalents will migrate into the metaphase plate, too. In some cases, the mutual interference of the univalents is reduced when the number of bivalents increases; in other cases this interference is merely maintained. Finally, we tried to interpret the cytological and statistical findings by structural and functional changes of the spindle apparatus brought about by the existence of univalents.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 41 (1971), S. 255-258 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Mikrotomschnitten werden die histologischen Verhältnisse in 2 Mutanten von Pisum sativum im Vergleich zur Normalform beschrieben, die durch Störungen in der Infloreszenz- bzw. Blütenbildung charakterisiert sind. Bei der Mutante 2228 unterbleibt die Ausdifferenzierung sporogener Zellen in den Antheren und Samenanlagen, während bei der Mutante 172A anstelle normaler Infloreszenzen vegetative Kurzsprosse ausgebildet werden. Vergleichende histologische Untersuchungen von Kurzsproß-, Hauptsproß- und Blütenblättern einerseits und von Kurzsproß- und Hauptsproß-Vegetationskegeln andererseits ergeben keine Anhaltspunkte für „generative Restpotenzen” in dieser Mutante. Zum Schluß werden die Ergebnisse im Zusammenhang mit vergleichbaren Fällen in der Literatur diskutiert, mögliche Ursachen für die Entstehung der Störungen aufgeführt und kurze Hinweise für eine experimentelle Weiterbearbeitung gegeben.
    Notes: Summary In a histological study of two sterile mutants of Pisum sativum induced by X-rays and neutrons, respectively, the following results were obtained: Individuals of the mutant 2228 are characterized by failure to develop normal sexual organs. In the nucellus as well as in the anthers no sporogenous cells are differentiated. Instead, a homogenous mass of cells can be seen to fill the organs, it degenerates sooner or later. In the mutant 172 A no inflorescences are developed at all, so that the change from the vegetative to the generative phase of the plants is blocked. Instead of normal inflorescences so-called vegetative inflorescences are produced. Comparative histological studies showed that in this mutant there remain no residual generative potentialities in either the shoot tips or the leaves.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 44 (1974), S. 69-72 
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Karyotypen von zwei röntgeninduzierten Formen von Pisum sativum dargestellt und mit dem Karyotyp der Ausgangsform ‘Dippes gelbe Viktoria’ verglichen. Die zytologische Analyse erbrachte deutliche Unterschiede zwischen der Vergleichsform und diesen beiden Linien, die auf jeweils eine einfache reziproke Translokation zurückgeführt werden konnten. In beiden Fällen waren Satelliten-Chromosomen an dem Austauschprozeß beteiligt. Bei 62B erfolgte eine Translokation zwischen dem langen Arm von Chromosom V und dem satellitentragenden langen Arm von VII. Die Linie 488 entstand durch Austausch zwischen den beiden Satelliten-Chromosomen IV und VII, und zwar in der Weise, daß ein sehr kleines satellitenfreies und ein sehr langes Chromosom gebildet wurde, welches an den Enden seiner etwa gleich langen Arme jeweils einen Satelliten trägt. Die Vereinigung der beiden Satelliten-Regionen in einem Chromosom ist bisher für Pisum noch nicht beschrieben worden. Zum Schluß wurde kurz die Bedeutung diskutiert, die solche drastischen Veränderungen des Karyotyps für die züchterische Praxis und für evolutionistische Fragestellungen haben könnten.
    Notes: Summary In connection with X-ray experiments on Pisum sativum ‘Dippes gelbe Victoria’, two translocation line showing dramatic deviations from the normal karyotype were selected and cytologically analysed (root tips). In line 62B, an exchange between the long arms of chromosome V and the satellite chromosome VII took place. In line 488, both satellite chromosomes IV and VII were involved in the exchange process, leading to a very short chromosome (VII T!), and a very long chromosome (IV T!) uniting both the satellites in one chromosome. The importance of these lines with regard to mutation breeding and evolution is discussed.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Genetica 40 (1969), S. 566-576 
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract After application of neutrons on dry seeds ofPisum sativum three recessive mutants were isolated showing irregularities in the course of meiosis. A cytogenetical analysis showed that at metaphase I, a varying number of univalents are formed, most likely as a result of reduced chiasma frequencies. At anaphase I, some univalents divide precociously in mutant 2982 but none do so in mutants 2989 and 2552. As a consequence, most cells of 2989 and 2552 built up more than two spindles at anaphase II, whereas the majority of cells in 2982 form two spindles. This situation is reflected in the frequency distribution of “gones per PMC” at tetrad stage. The discussion deals with the possible causes of univalent formation at meiotic prophase and the variability of univalent behaviour at anaphase I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 1969-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0016-6707
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-6857
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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