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  • Articles  (21)
  • Cell Line, Tumor  (21)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)  (21)
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  • Articles  (21)
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  • 2020-2023
  • 2010-2014  (21)
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  • 1
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    The landscape of somatic copy-number alteration across human cancers (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-02-19
    Description: A powerful way to discover key genes with causal roles in oncogenesis is to identify genomic regions that undergo frequent alteration in human cancers. Here we present high-resolution analyses of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) from 3,131 cancer specimens, belonging largely to 26 histological types. We identify 158 regions of focal SCNA that are altered at significant frequency across several cancer types, of which 122 cannot be explained by the presence of a known cancer target gene located within these regions. Several gene families are enriched among these regions of focal SCNA, including the BCL2 family of apoptosis regulators and the NF-kappaBeta pathway. We show that cancer cells containing amplifications surrounding the MCL1 and BCL2L1 anti-apoptotic genes depend on the expression of these genes for survival. Finally, we demonstrate that a large majority of SCNAs identified in individual cancer types are present in several cancer types.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2826709/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beroukhim, Rameen -- Mermel, Craig H -- Porter, Dale -- Wei, Guo -- Raychaudhuri, Soumya -- Donovan, Jerry -- Barretina, Jordi -- Boehm, Jesse S -- Dobson, Jennifer -- Urashima, Mitsuyoshi -- Mc Henry, Kevin T -- Pinchback, Reid M -- Ligon, Azra H -- Cho, Yoon-Jae -- Haery, Leila -- Greulich, Heidi -- Reich, Michael -- Winckler, Wendy -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Weir, Barbara A -- Tanaka, Kumiko E -- Chiang, Derek Y -- Bass, Adam J -- Loo, Alice -- Hoffman, Carter -- Prensner, John -- Liefeld, Ted -- Gao, Qing -- Yecies, Derek -- Signoretti, Sabina -- Maher, Elizabeth -- Kaye, Frederic J -- Sasaki, Hidefumi -- Tepper, Joel E -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- Tabernero, Josep -- Baselga, Jose -- Tsao, Ming-Sound -- Demichelis, Francesca -- Rubin, Mark A -- Janne, Pasi A -- Daly, Mark J -- Nucera, Carmelo -- Levine, Ross L -- Ebert, Benjamin L -- Gabriel, Stacey -- Rustgi, Anil K -- Antonescu, Cristina R -- Ladanyi, Marc -- Letai, Anthony -- Garraway, Levi A -- Loda, Massimo -- Beer, David G -- True, Lawrence D -- Okamoto, Aikou -- Pomeroy, Scott L -- Singer, Samuel -- Golub, Todd R -- Lander, Eric S -- Getz, Gad -- Sellers, William R -- Meyerson, Matthew -- K08 AR055688/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-03/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 AR055688-04/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA122833-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA134931/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA122833/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA 098101/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA085859/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA90578/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM074024/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109038/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01CA109467/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007753/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U24 CA126546/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 18;463(7283):899-905. doi: 10.1038/nature08822.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Program and Medical and Population Genetics Group, The Broad Institute of M.I.T. and Harvard, 7 Cambridge Center.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20164920" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Apoptosis/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/*genetics ; Gene Amplification/genetics ; Gene Dosage/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein ; Neoplasms/classification/*genetics/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/genetics ; Signal Transduction ; bcl-X Protein/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    COT drives resistance to RAF inhibition through MAP kinase pathway reactivation (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-11-26
    Description: Oncogenic mutations in the serine/threonine kinase B-RAF (also known as BRAF) are found in 50-70% of malignant melanomas. Pre-clinical studies have demonstrated that the B-RAF(V600E) mutation predicts a dependency on the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascade in melanoma-an observation that has been validated by the success of RAF and MEK inhibitors in clinical trials. However, clinical responses to targeted anticancer therapeutics are frequently confounded by de novo or acquired resistance. Identification of resistance mechanisms in a manner that elucidates alternative 'druggable' targets may inform effective long-term treatment strategies. Here we expressed approximately 600 kinase and kinase-related open reading frames (ORFs) in parallel to interrogate resistance to a selective RAF kinase inhibitor. We identified MAP3K8 (the gene encoding COT/Tpl2) as a MAPK pathway agonist that drives resistance to RAF inhibition in B-RAF(V600E) cell lines. COT activates ERK primarily through MEK-dependent mechanisms that do not require RAF signalling. Moreover, COT expression is associated with de novo resistance in B-RAF(V600E) cultured cell lines and acquired resistance in melanoma cells and tissue obtained from relapsing patients following treatment with MEK or RAF inhibitors. We further identify combinatorial MAPK pathway inhibition or targeting of COT kinase activity as possible therapeutic strategies for reducing MAPK pathway activation in this setting. Together, these results provide new insights into resistance mechanisms involving the MAPK pathway and articulate an integrative approach through which high-throughput functional screens may inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058384/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3058384/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johannessen, Cory M -- Boehm, Jesse S -- Kim, So Young -- Thomas, Sapana R -- Wardwell, Leslie -- Johnson, Laura A -- Emery, Caroline M -- Stransky, Nicolas -- Cogdill, Alexandria P -- Barretina, Jordi -- Caponigro, Giordano -- Hieronymus, Haley -- Murray, Ryan R -- Salehi-Ashtiani, Kourosh -- Hill, David E -- Vidal, Marc -- Zhao, Jean J -- Yang, Xiaoping -- Alkan, Ozan -- Kim, Sungjoon -- Harris, Jennifer L -- Wilson, Christopher J -- Myer, Vic E -- Finan, Peter M -- Root, David E -- Roberts, Thomas M -- Golub, Todd -- Flaherty, Keith T -- Dummer, Reinhard -- Weber, Barbara L -- Sellers, William R -- Schlegel, Robert -- Wargo, Jennifer A -- Hahn, William C -- Garraway, Levi A -- CA134502/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750/OD/NIH HHS/ -- DP2 OD002750-01/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA115927/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA115927-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA093683/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA134502/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R33 CA128625/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- RC2 CA148268/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 16;468(7326):968-72. doi: 10.1038/nature09627. Epub 2010 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21107320" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allosteric Regulation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; *Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/genetics ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Melanoma/drug therapy/enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/*metabolism ; Open Reading Frames/genetics ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/*antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-raf/genetics/metabolism ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology/therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Chronic active B-cell-receptor signalling in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-01-08
    Description: A role for B-cell-receptor (BCR) signalling in lymphomagenesis has been inferred by studying immunoglobulin genes in human lymphomas and by engineering mouse models, but genetic and functional evidence for its oncogenic role in human lymphomas is needed. Here we describe a form of 'chronic active' BCR signalling that is required for cell survival in the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The signalling adaptor CARD11 is required for constitutive NF-kappaB pathway activity and survival in ABC DLBCL. Roughly 10% of ABC DLBCLs have mutant CARD11 isoforms that activate NF-kappaB, but the mechanism that engages wild-type CARD11 in other ABC DLBCLs was unknown. An RNA interference genetic screen revealed that a BCR signalling component, Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is essential for the survival of ABC DLBCLs with wild-type CARD11. In addition, knockdown of proximal BCR subunits (IgM, Ig-kappa, CD79A and CD79B) killed ABC DLBCLs with wild-type CARD11 but not other lymphomas. The BCRs in these ABC DLBCLs formed prominent clusters in the plasma membrane with low diffusion, similarly to BCRs in antigen-stimulated normal B cells. Somatic mutations affecting the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signalling modules of CD79B and CD79A were detected frequently in ABC DLBCL biopsy samples but rarely in other DLBCLs and never in Burkitt's lymphoma or mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. In 18% of ABC DLBCLs, one functionally critical residue of CD79B, the first ITAM tyrosine, was mutated. These mutations increased surface BCR expression and attenuated Lyn kinase, a feedback inhibitor of BCR signalling. These findings establish chronic active BCR signalling as a new pathogenetic mechanism in ABC DLBCL, suggesting several therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845535/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845535/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, R Eric -- Ngo, Vu N -- Lenz, Georg -- Tolar, Pavel -- Young, Ryan M -- Romesser, Paul B -- Kohlhammer, Holger -- Lamy, Laurence -- Zhao, Hong -- Yang, Yandan -- Xu, Weihong -- Shaffer, Arthur L -- Wright, George -- Xiao, Wenming -- Powell, John -- Jiang, Jian-Kang -- Thomas, Craig J -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Ott, German -- Muller-Hermelink, Hans Konrad -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Connors, Joseph M -- Johnson, Nathalie A -- Rimsza, Lisa M -- Campo, Elias -- Jaffe, Elaine S -- Wilson, Wyndham H -- Delabie, Jan -- Smeland, Erlend B -- Fisher, Richard I -- Braziel, Rita M -- Tubbs, Raymond R -- Cook, J R -- Weisenburger, Dennis D -- Chan, Wing C -- Pierce, Susan K -- Staudt, Louis M -- NIH0011349228/PHS HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 7;463(7277):88-92. doi: 10.1038/nature08638.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20054396" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Motifs ; Antigens, CD79/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*metabolism/pathology ; CARD Signaling Adaptor Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Cell Survival ; Guanylate Cyclase/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics/*metabolism/*pathology ; Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; src-Family Kinases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Thousands of chemical starting points for antimalarial lead identification (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-21
    Description: Malaria is a devastating infection caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium. Drug resistance is widespread, no new chemical class of antimalarials has been introduced into clinical practice since 1996 and there is a recent rise of parasite strains with reduced sensitivity to the newest drugs. We screened nearly 2 million compounds in GlaxoSmithKline's chemical library for inhibitors of P. falciparum, of which 13,533 were confirmed to inhibit parasite growth by at least 80% at 2 microM concentration. More than 8,000 also showed potent activity against the multidrug resistant strain Dd2. Most (82%) compounds originate from internal company projects and are new to the malaria community. Analyses using historic assay data suggest several novel mechanisms of antimalarial action, such as inhibition of protein kinases and host-pathogen interaction related targets. Chemical structures and associated data are hereby made public to encourage additional drug lead identification efforts and further research into this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gamo, Francisco-Javier -- Sanz, Laura M -- Vidal, Jaume -- de Cozar, Cristina -- Alvarez, Emilio -- Lavandera, Jose-Luis -- Vanderwall, Dana E -- Green, Darren V S -- Kumar, Vinod -- Hasan, Samiul -- Brown, James R -- Peishoff, Catherine E -- Cardon, Lon R -- Garcia-Bustos, Jose F -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 20;465(7296):305-10. doi: 10.1038/nature09107.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20485427" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antimalarials/*analysis/chemistry/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Drug Discovery ; Drug Resistance, Multiple/drug effects ; Humans ; Malaria, Falciparum/*drug therapy/parasitology ; Models, Biological ; Phylogeny ; Plasmodium falciparum/*drug effects/enzymology/genetics/growth & development ; Small Molecule Libraries/*analysis/chemistry/*pharmacology/toxicity
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    TAp63 suppresses metastasis through coordinate regulation of Dicer and miRNAs (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-22
    Description: Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and the enzymes that control their processing have been reported in multiple biological processes including primary and metastatic tumours, but the mechanisms governing this are not clearly understood. Here we show that TAp63, a p53 family member, suppresses tumorigenesis and metastasis, and coordinately regulates Dicer and miR-130b to suppress metastasis. Metastatic mouse and human tumours deficient in TAp63 express Dicer at very low levels, and we found that modulation of expression of Dicer and miR-130b markedly affected the metastatic potential of cells lacking TAp63. TAp63 binds to and transactivates the Dicer promoter, demonstrating direct transcriptional regulation of Dicer by TAp63. These data provide a novel understanding of the roles of TAp63 in tumour and metastasis suppression through the coordinate transcriptional regulation of Dicer and miR-130b and may have implications for the many processes regulated by miRNAs.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3055799/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Su, Xiaohua -- Chakravarti, Deepavali -- Cho, Min Soon -- Liu, Lingzhi -- Gi, Young Jin -- Lin, Yu-Li -- Leung, Marco L -- El-Naggar, Adel -- Creighton, Chad J -- Suraokar, Milind B -- Wistuba, Ignacio -- Flores, Elsa R -- 01DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- CA16672/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA016672-27/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA070907-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50 CA091846-10/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA070907/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P50CA091846/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- U01 DE019765-03/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 21;467(7318):986-90. doi: 10.1038/nature09459.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20962848" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Aging ; Cell Line ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Endoribonucleases/genetics/*metabolism ; Female ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor/physiology ; Genomic Instability ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; MicroRNAs/*biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasm Metastasis/*genetics ; Neoplasms/genetics/pathology/secretion ; Phosphoproteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Trans-Activators/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Oncogenically active MYD88 mutations in human lymphoma (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-12-24
    Description: The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains the least curable form of this malignancy despite recent advances in therapy. Constitutive nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and JAK kinase signalling promotes malignant cell survival in these lymphomas, but the genetic basis for this signalling is incompletely understood. Here we describe the dependence of ABC DLBCLs on MYD88, an adaptor protein that mediates toll and interleukin (IL)-1 receptor signalling, and the discovery of highly recurrent oncogenic mutations affecting MYD88 in ABC DLBCL tumours. RNA interference screening revealed that MYD88 and the associated kinases IRAK1 and IRAK4 are essential for ABC DLBCL survival. High-throughput RNA resequencing uncovered MYD88 mutations in ABC DLBCL lines. Notably, 29% of ABC DLBCL tumours harboured the same amino acid substitution, L265P, in the MYD88 Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain at an evolutionarily invariant residue in its hydrophobic core. This mutation was rare or absent in other DLBCL subtypes and Burkitt's lymphoma, but was observed in 9% of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas. At a lower frequency, additional mutations were observed in the MYD88 TIR domain, occurring in both the ABC and germinal centre B-cell-like (GCB) DLBCL subtypes. Survival of ABC DLBCL cells bearing the L265P mutation was sustained by the mutant but not the wild-type MYD88 isoform, demonstrating that L265P is a gain-of-function driver mutation. The L265P mutant promoted cell survival by spontaneously assembling a protein complex containing IRAK1 and IRAK4, leading to IRAK4 kinase activity, IRAK1 phosphorylation, NF-kappaB signalling, JAK kinase activation of STAT3, and secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and interferon-beta. Hence, the MYD88 signalling pathway is integral to the pathogenesis of ABC DLBCL, supporting the development of inhibitors of IRAK4 kinase and other components of this pathway for the treatment of tumours bearing oncogenic MYD88 mutations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ngo, Vu N -- Young, Ryan M -- Schmitz, Roland -- Jhavar, Sameer -- Xiao, Wenming -- Lim, Kian-Huat -- Kohlhammer, Holger -- Xu, Weihong -- Yang, Yandan -- Zhao, Hong -- Shaffer, Arthur L -- Romesser, Paul -- Wright, George -- Powell, John -- Rosenwald, Andreas -- Muller-Hermelink, Hans Konrad -- Ott, German -- Gascoyne, Randy D -- Connors, Joseph M -- Rimsza, Lisa M -- Campo, Elias -- Jaffe, Elaine S -- Delabie, Jan -- Smeland, Erlend B -- Fisher, Richard I -- Braziel, Rita M -- Tubbs, Raymond R -- Cook, J R -- Weisenburger, Denny D -- Chan, Wing C -- Staudt, Louis M -- U01-CA 114778/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Feb 3;470(7332):115-9. doi: 10.1038/nature09671. Epub 2010 Dec 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Metabolism Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179087" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Burkitt Lymphoma/genetics ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival ; Cytokines/metabolism/secretion ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Janus Kinases/metabolism ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/genetics ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/classification/*genetics/*pathology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation/*genetics ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/chemistry/*genetics/*metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Oncogenes/*genetics ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; RNA Interference ; Receptors, Interleukin-1/metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Epigenetic silencing of engineered L1 retrotransposition events in human embryonic carcinoma cells (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-08-06
    Description: Long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1 or L1) retrotransposition continues to affect human genome evolution. L1s can retrotranspose in the germline, during early development and in select somatic cells; however, the host response to L1 retrotransposition remains largely unexplored. Here we show that reporter genes introduced into the genome of various human embryonic carcinoma-derived cell lines (ECs) by L1 retrotransposition are rapidly and efficiently silenced either during or immediately after their integration. Treating ECs with histone deacetylase inhibitors rapidly reverses this silencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that reactivation of the reporter gene was correlated with changes in chromatin status at the L1 integration site. Under our assay conditions, rapid silencing was also observed when reporter genes were delivered into ECs by mouse L1s and a zebrafish LINE-2 element, but not when similar reporter genes were delivered into ECs by Moloney murine leukaemia virus or human immunodeficiency virus, suggesting that these integration events are silenced by distinct mechanisms. Finally, we demonstrate that subjecting ECs to culture conditions that promote differentiation attenuates the silencing of reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition, but that differentiation, in itself, is not sufficient to reactivate previously silenced reporter genes. Thus, our data indicate that ECs differ from many differentiated cells in their ability to silence reporter genes delivered by L1 retrotransposition.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3034402/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garcia-Perez, Jose L -- Morell, Maria -- Scheys, Joshua O -- Kulpa, Deanna A -- Morell, Santiago -- Carter, Christoph C -- Hammer, Gary D -- Collins, Kathleen L -- O'Shea, K Sue -- Menendez, Pablo -- Moran, John V -- 5 P30 CA46592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM-069985/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS-048187/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK62027/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM060518-12/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM082970-04/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01AI051198/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T32-GM08322/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Aug 5;466(7307):769-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09209.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Human Genetics, 1241 East Catherine Street, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5618, USA. josel.garcia.perez@juntadeandalucia.es〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20686575" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation/genetics/physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Chromatin/drug effects/genetics/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells/*metabolism/pathology ; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects/*genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; *Gene Silencing/drug effects ; Genes, Reporter/genetics ; Genetic Engineering ; Genetic Vectors/genetics ; Genome, Human/genetics ; HIV/genetics ; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Humans ; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements/genetics ; Male ; Mice ; Models, Genetic ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    CD95 promotes tumour growth (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-05-28
    Description: CD95 (also called Fas and APO-1) is a prototypical death receptor that regulates tissue homeostasis mainly in the immune system through the induction of apoptosis. During cancer progression CD95 is frequently downregulated or cells are rendered apoptosis resistant, raising the possibility that loss of CD95 is part of a mechanism for tumour evasion. However, complete loss of CD95 is rarely seen in human cancers and many cancer cells express large quantities of CD95 and are highly sensitive to CD95-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, cancer patients frequently have elevated levels of the physiological ligand for CD95, CD95L. These data raise the possibility that CD95 could actually promote the growth of tumours through its non-apoptotic activities. Here we show that cancer cells in general, regardless of their CD95 apoptosis sensitivity, depend on constitutive activity of CD95, stimulated by cancer-produced CD95L, for optimal growth. Consistently, loss of CD95 in mouse models of ovarian cancer and liver cancer reduces cancer incidence as well as the size of the tumours. The tumorigenic activity of CD95 is mediated by a pathway involving JNK and Jun. These results demonstrate that CD95 has a growth-promoting role during tumorigenesis and indicate that efforts to inhibit its activity rather than to enhance it should be considered during cancer therapy.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2879093/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Lina -- Park, Sun-Mi -- Tumanov, Alexei V -- Hau, Annika -- Sawada, Kenjiro -- Feig, Christine -- Turner, Jerrold R -- Fu, Yang-Xin -- Romero, Iris L -- Lengyel, Ernst -- Peter, Marcus E -- CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K12 HD000849/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- L30 CA153336/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA095319/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA11182/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA112240-05/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 May 27;465(7297):492-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09075.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, 924 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20505730" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD95/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid/metabolism/pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Fas Ligand Protein/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Hepatocytes/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms/enzymology/metabolism/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 8/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Neoplasms/*metabolism/*pathology ; Ovarian Neoplasms/metabolism/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ETV1 is a lineage survival factor that cooperates with KIT in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-10-12
    Description: Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma and is primarily defined by activating mutations in the KIT or PDGFRA receptor tyrosine kinases. KIT is highly expressed in interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs)-the presumed cell of origin for GIST-as well as in haematopoietic stem cells, melanocytes, mast cells and germ cells. Yet, families harbouring germline activating KIT mutations and mice with knock-in Kit mutations almost exclusively develop ICC hyperplasia and GIST, suggesting that the cellular context is important for KIT to mediate oncogenesis. Here we show that the ETS family member ETV1 is highly expressed in the subtypes of ICCs sensitive to oncogenic KIT mediated transformation, and is required for their development. In addition, ETV1 is universally highly expressed in GISTs and is required for growth of imatinib-sensitive and resistant GIST cell lines. Transcriptome profiling and global analyses of ETV1-binding sites suggest that ETV1 is a master regulator of an ICC-GIST-specific transcription network mainly through enhancer binding. The ETV1 transcriptional program is further regulated by activated KIT, which prolongs ETV1 protein stability and cooperates with ETV1 to promote tumorigenesis. We propose that GIST arises from ICCs with high levels of endogenous ETV1 expression that, when coupled with an activating KIT mutation, drives an oncogenic ETS transcriptional program. This differs from other ETS-dependent tumours such as prostate cancer, melanoma and Ewing sarcoma where genomic translocation or amplification drives aberrant ETS expression. It also represents a novel mechanism of oncogenic transcription factor activation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955195/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2955195/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chi, Ping -- Chen, Yu -- Zhang, Lei -- Guo, Xingyi -- Wongvipat, John -- Shamu, Tambudzai -- Fletcher, Jonathan A -- Dewell, Scott -- Maki, Robert G -- Zheng, Deyou -- Antonescu, Cristina R -- Allis, C David -- Sawyers, Charles L -- 5F32CA130372/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA148260/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA47179/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA130372/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA130372-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM40922/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA140946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA140946-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA140946/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA047179/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA047179-169002/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA47179/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH087840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21 MH087840-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R21MH087840/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- RC2 CA148260-02/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Oct 14;467(7317):849-53. doi: 10.1038/nature09409. Epub 2010 Oct 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20927104" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzamides ; Binding Sites ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; *Cell Lineage ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; DNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism ; Disease Progression ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors/*metabolism/*pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal/metabolism/pathology ; Mice ; Mutant Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Mutation ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oncogenes/genetics/*physiology ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Protein Stability ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/genetics/*metabolism ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2010-09-28
    Description: Epigenetic proteins are intently pursued targets in ligand discovery. So far, successful efforts have been limited to chromatin modifying enzymes, or so-called epigenetic 'writers' and 'erasers'. Potent inhibitors of histone binding modules have not yet been described. Here we report a cell-permeable small molecule (JQ1) that binds competitively to acetyl-lysine recognition motifs, or bromodomains. High potency and specificity towards a subset of human bromodomains is explained by co-crystal structures with bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) family member BRD4, revealing excellent shape complementarity with the acetyl-lysine binding cavity. Recurrent translocation of BRD4 is observed in a genetically-defined, incurable subtype of human squamous carcinoma. Competitive binding by JQ1 displaces the BRD4 fusion oncoprotein from chromatin, prompting squamous differentiation and specific antiproliferative effects in BRD4-dependent cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. These data establish proof-of-concept for targeting protein-protein interactions of epigenetic 'readers', and provide a versatile chemical scaffold for the development of chemical probes more broadly throughout the bromodomain family.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010259/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010259/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Filippakopoulos, Panagis -- Qi, Jun -- Picaud, Sarah -- Shen, Yao -- Smith, William B -- Fedorov, Oleg -- Morse, Elizabeth M -- Keates, Tracey -- Hickman, Tyler T -- Felletar, Ildiko -- Philpott, Martin -- Munro, Shonagh -- McKeown, Michael R -- Wang, Yuchuan -- Christie, Amanda L -- West, Nathan -- Cameron, Michael J -- Schwartz, Brian -- Heightman, Tom D -- La Thangue, Nicholas -- French, Christopher A -- Wiest, Olaf -- Kung, Andrew L -- Knapp, Stefan -- Bradner, James E -- 13058/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- G0500905/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G1000807/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- G9400953/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- K08 CA128972/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08 CA128972-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32-075762/PHS HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2010 Dec 23;468(7327):1067-73. doi: 10.1038/nature09504. Epub 2010 Sep 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Clinical Medicine, Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20871596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Azirines/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/physiopathology ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chromatin/metabolism ; Dihydropyridines/chemical synthesis/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sequence Alignment ; Skin Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Stereoisomerism ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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