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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (65)
  • Engineering General  (47)
  • pharmacokinetics  (37)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (112)
  • Springer  (37)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1985-1989  (96)
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
  • 1987  (96)
  • 1980  (53)
  • 1949
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (112)
  • Springer  (37)
  • American Chemical Society
  • Cambridge University Press
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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  • 1985-1989  (96)
  • 1980-1984  (53)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1955-1959
  • 1945-1949
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of zimelidine (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 17 (1980), S. 111-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: zimelidine ; norzimelidine ; antidepressants ; pharmacokinetics ; bioavailability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The systemic availability of a new antidepressant, zimelidine, and of its pharmacologically active metabolite, norzimelidine, was studied in six healthy male volunteers. Three single doses of zimelidine (25 mg and 100 mg orally and 25 mg i.v.) and two single doses of norzimelidine (25 mg orally and i. v.) were given to each volunteer allowing at least seven days between administrations. Plasma concentrations of zimelidine and norzimelidine were determined in serial blood samples by HPLC. Following oral zimelidine peak plasma concentrations of the metabolite were attained about 3 h after dosing. Oral administration of norzimelidine itself resulted in a plasma concentration profile for this compound that was similar to that observed after oral zimelidine. Utilising the plasma concentration data following intravenous infusion of each compound, the elimination half-lives for zimelidine and norzimelidine were calculated to be 5.1 h (range 4.3–6.0) and 15.5 h (range 10.6–22.9) respectively. The total body clearances of the 2 compounds were similar at 0.52 l · min−1 (range 0.26–0.70) for zimelidine and 0.56 l · min−1 (range 0.28–0.83) for norzimelidine. The substantially longer elimination half-life of norzimelidine was apparently the result of a larger volume of distribution (9.4 l · kg−1; range 7.8–11.4) for this metabolite, as compared to zimelidine (3.21 · kg−1; range 1.6–4.9). The calculated bioavailability of zimelidine was 26% (range 9.1–39) after the 25 mg oral dose, and 29% (range 14–46) after the 100 mg dose. The bioavailability of norzimelidine was 66% (range 36–91). However, oral administration of zimelidine resulted in as much or more norzimelidine reaching the systemic circulation, as the oral administration of norzimelidine itself. This is important as a large part of the activity of the drug may be due to the metabolite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00562618
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of a fertilizer-tap water medium for mass algal production in outdoor plastic-enclosed systems (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 153-156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The feasibility of using two fertilizers (urea plus superphosphate) in tap water as a medium for the mass culture of green algae (Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus) in outdoor plastic-enclosed minipond systems was investigated. Experiments in which the basic fertilizer-tap water medium was enriched with micro- and/or macronutrients revealed no nutrient deficiency symptoms in the algal biomass produced. Biomass production was found to be quantitatively related to the concentration of fertilizer added and maximal production (〉 15 g/m2 day) was achieved following the addition of 30 mg N/L (1.89 g N/m2 day) and 4.5 mg P/L (0.28 g P/m2/day).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300202
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole after chronic administration in adults (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 531-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: ketoconazole ; pharmacokinetics ; antimycotic drug
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of the anti-mycotic ketoconazole in seven patients who took it for 1–6 months at a dose of 200 mg daily. The mean elimination half-life of the drug was 3.3 h, and although the ketoconazole was given only once daily, a satisfactory clinical response was obtained in all seven individuals. Only a small fraction of the absorbed drug (mean 0.22%) was excreted unchanged in the urine, suggesting almost complete metabolism. Our results support the concept that anti-mycotic activity in the tissues continues after the plasma drug concentration has fallen below a critical level. Our results also support the concept of a change in pharmacokinetics with chronic dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544251
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Troleandomycin-triazolam interaction in healthy volunteers: Pharmacokinetic and psychometric evaluation (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: triazolam ; troleandomycin ; benzodiazepines ; antibiotics ; drug interaction ; pharmacokinetics ; first-pass effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven healthy volunteers received a single oral dose of triazolam 0.25 mg after 7 days on troleandomycin 2 g/day p.o. or placebo in a double-blind cross-over study. Plasma triazolam and psychometric and memory tests (including Critical Flicker Fusion threshold, Choice Reaction Time, Digit Symbol Substitution and Self-Rating Scales) were assessed at regular intervals after the final treatment. Troleandomycin was found to prolong the psychomotor impairment and amnesia produced by triazolam. There was a significant enhancement of the AUC, the peak concentration and the delay to tmax of triazolam after 7 days treatment with troleandomycin compared to placebo. Thus, there is a pharmacokinetic interaction, and the combination of triazolam and troleandomycin should be avoided or the dose of triazolam should be adjusted. The most likely mechanism is a diminished hepatic first-pass effect, and a decrease in the apparent oral clearance of triazolam.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543975
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacokinetics of mefloquine when given alone or in combination with sulphadoxine and pyrimethamine in Thai male and female subjects (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 173-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: mefloquine ; mefloquine/sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine ; Thai subjects ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The kinetics of mefloquine were studied in 12 healthy Thai male and 12 healthy Thai female volunteers. Mefloquine (MQ) was administered either alone (750 mg orally) or in combination (MSP) with sulphadoxine (1.5 g) and pyrimethamine (75 mg) to each of 6 male and 6 female subjects. Plasma concentrations of MQ were measured by HPLC at intervals for 42 days. There was considerable interindividual variability in the pharmacokinetic parameters; for example in the male subjects receiving MQ alone peak concentrations ranged between 638 and 2494 ng·ml−1 with a mean concentration of 1442 ng·ml−1. Compared to previously published data on MQ concentrations in Caucasian male subjects, the present study indicates that higher concentrations are achieved in Thai subjects. The only significant difference in kinetic parameters between male and female subjects receiving MQ alone was in the mean residence time (MRT) which was greater in females. However, an analysis of pharmacokinetic parameters following administration of the combination preparation showed that the time to peak (tmax) was significantly reduced in females receiving MSP compared to the corresponding females given MQ alone and males given MSP. When data obtained from all subjects (male and female) receiving either MQ alone or MSP were combined, both MRT and half-life were significantly greater in subjects given MSP. There is therefore some evidence that therapeutic concentrations of MQ are maintained for a longer period of time following MSP administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542191
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction of flecainide acetate with propranolol: Effects on cardiac function and drug clearance (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: flecainide ; propranolol ; pharmacodynamics ; pharmacokinetics ; drug interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00610389
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of hypothermia on the disposition of fentanyl — Human and animal studies (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 32 (1987), S. 373-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypothermia ; fentanyl ; pharmacokinetics ; cardiopulmonary bypass ; hypothermia-induced hypoperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of hypothermia on the disposition of fentanyl was evaluated in 18 children undergoing corrective cardiac surgery. They received a bolus of fentanyl followed by a continuous infusion which was stopped when cardiopulmonary bypass was established and profound hypothermia was achieved (18 °C–25 °C). Fentanyl plasma concentration remained essentially unchanged during hypothermia (6.45 ng/ml 5 min into hypothermia and 5.26 ng/ml 100–140 min later; p〉0.1). In subsequent experiments, the effect of hypothermia on the pharmacokinetics of fentanyl was studied in 4 piglets serving as their own controls. Both distribution volume (Vz) and total body clearance (CL) were significantly smaller during hypothermia. Our studies indicate that being a drug with a large distribution volume and a high hepatic extraction ratio, both CL and Vz are significantly reduced by hypothermia-induced hypoperfusion. In addition, TBC is influenced by the temperature-dependent hepatic metabolism of fentanyl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543972
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase I trial and pharmacokinetic study of intravenous and oral α-Difluoromethylornithine (1987)
    Springer
    Investigational new drugs 5 (1987), S. 177-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0646
    Keywords: α-difluoromethylornithine ; phase I study ; pharmacokinetics ; polyamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eflornithine-HCl (α-difluoromethylornithine or DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, blocks polyamine synthesis and has demonstrated antitumor activity in cell culture and animal tumor models. This phase I study was designed to determine and compare toxicity and the maximally tolerated dose of a 4-day course of DFMO given to patients in oral, continuous intravenous infusion or pulse intravenous infusion forms. Twenty-four patients were entered into this study: 8 received intravenous pulse drug, 10 intravenous continuous infusion of drug, and 6 oral DFMO. The most frequent toxicity was nausea and vomiting which occurred in 9 courses of oral drug. Only two patients receiving intravenous DFMO had nausea and vomiting. Clinically significant thrombocytopenia and audiometric abnormalities were not encountered in contrast to previous experience with 28-day courses of oral DFMO. The maximally tolerated dose of a four-day course of oral DFMO was 3.75 gm/M2 every 6 hours. The maximally tolerated dose of intravenous pulse and continuous infusion DFMO was not attained. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the intravenous schedules achieved higher plasma levels of DFMO than those previously obtained with chronic oral dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203544
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A posteriori estimates of the solution error caused by discretization in the finite element, finite difference and boundary element methods (1987)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 24 (1987), S. 1921-1939 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A theory is described which guarantees an upper and lower bound estimate of the discretization error in numerical solutions of elliptic boundary value problems. This method gives bounded global estimates of the error in the energy norm. Pointwise estimates of the error in the solution variable or its derivatives can then be obtained if the numerical solution is exhibiting pointwise monotonic convergence.The versatility of this method is illustrated by its application to numerical solutions from finite element, finite difference and boundary element methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620241008
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic biosynthesis of cephalexin (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1237-1247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reaction kinetics of the enzymatic of cephalexin from 7-aminodea-cetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester was studied using the synthesizing enzyme obtained from Xanthomonas citri. The activation energy, Km value for 7-aminodeacetoxy cephalosporanic acid and phenylglycine methylester, and Ki value for phenylglycine methylester were determined as 8.63 kcal/mol, 3.7mM, 14.5mM, and 70mM, respectively. The enzyme was found to be constitutive and susceptible to deactivation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220610
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