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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in composition of macroinvertebrate communities with invasive and native Gammarus spp. (Crustacea: Amphipoda) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Freshwater biology 48 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2427
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: SUMMARY 1. Assessing the effects on communities of invasive species is often confounded by environmental factors. In Irish rivers, the introduced amphipod Gammarus pulex replaces the native G. duebeni celticus in lowland stretches. The two amphipods are associated with different macroinvertebrate communities, which may in part be the result of natural longitudinal physicochemical change. However, this hinders assessment of any direct community impacts of the invasive as compared with the native species. Here, we report on a fortuitous circumstance that allowed us to uncouple the community effects of Gammarus species from environmental differences.2. The lowland stretch of the River Lissan is dissected by a weir, which has slowed the upstream invasion by G. pulex. We took physicochemical measurements and macroinvertebrate samples from three contiguous 150 m reaches of this stretch with G. pulex only, mixed Gammarus and G. d. celticus only communities.3. We found no biologically significant differences in physicochemistry among the three reaches. Overall invertebrate densities did not differ among reaches. However, G. pulex numerically dominated its reach, whilst G. d. celticus abundance was relatively low in its reach. The G. pulex reach had significantly higher overall biomass because of high invader abundance. In addition, both diversity and species richness of macroinvertebrate communities were lower in the G. pulex than the G. d. celticus reach, with the mixed Gammarus reach intermediate.4. Ordination indicated distinctly different associations of invertebrate community samples and taxa that were best explained by the distributions of the Gammarus species. Again, the mixed Gammarus species samples were intermediate.5. This study indicates that the invasive G. pulex has a greater impact on macroinvertebrate community composition than the native G. d. celticus, probably through biotic interactions such as predation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2003.00977.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast-atom bombardment and thermospray mass spectrometry for the characterization of two glucuronide metabolites of methapyrilene (1989)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 3 (1989), S. 72-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Two conjugated metabolites of methapyrilene hydrochloride isolated from mouse-hepatocytes were examined by mass spectrometry using fast-atom bombardment (FAB) and thermospray ionization. The major metabolite, methapyrilene glucuronide, was identified based on a prominent peak due to the protonated molecule as well as the loss of the dimethylamine and sugar moieties. Identification of the second metabolite was complicated by large signals associated with the biological sample matrix. The complementary nature of the fragmentation observed in the mass spectra using FAB and thermospray ionization allowed this metabolite to be identified as the desmethylmethapyrilene glucuronide. The fragmentation observed using FAB ionization was not greatly affected by the presence of the glucuronide moiety. While loss of the sugar moiety indicated a glucuronide, additional fragmentation confirmed the presence of the underlying ethylenediamine substructure which is characteristic of this class of antihistamines.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rcm.1290030306
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bounds on discretization error by special reduced integration of the lagrange family of finite elements (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1489-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An analysis is presented which indicates that special reduced integration of the displacement compatible Lagrange family of finite elements can give numerical models preserving characteristics of equilibrium formulations. A number of examples show that bounds on the discretization error can be obtained in both an energy norm and locally. The process is therefore recommended for error analysis and for the assessment of the reliability of displacement compatible finite element solutions.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620151006
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A posteriori error analysis and adaptive processes in the finite element method: Part II - adaptive mesh refinement (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1621-1656 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This is a paper presented in two parts dealing respectively with error analysis and adaptive processes applied to finite element calculations. Part I contains the basic theory and methods of deriving error estimates for second-order problems. Part II of the paper deals with the strategy for adaptive refinement and concentrates again on the p-convergent methods. It is shown that an extremely high rate of convergence is reached in practical problems using such procedures. Applications to realistic stress analysis and potential problems are presented.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620191104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    C*-convergence in the finite element method (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 4405-4425 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: convergence ; degrees of freedom ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper a family of higher-order quadrilaterals for the finite element analysis of plane elasticity problems are developed, using the displacement method formulation. The number of nodes and the number of elements are fixed, and refinement is achieved by adding derivatives of the nodal displacements as degrees of freedom at the nodes. It is shown that a higher rate of convergence is achieved compared with existing h- and p-versions of the finite element method. Applications to stress concentration and stress singularity are presented and the condition number is checked. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The coupling of the finite element method and boundary solution proceduresExtended version of a paper presented to ‘World Congress on Finite Element Methods in Structural Mechanics’ Bournemouth, October 12-17, 1975. (1977)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1977), S. 355-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The finite element method is now recognized as a general approximation process which is applicable to a variety of engineering problems - structural mechanics being only one of these. Boundary solution procedures have been introduced as an independent alternative which at times is more economical and possesses certain merits. In this survey of the field we show how such procedures can be utilized in conventional FEM context.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620110210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A note on upwinding and anisotropic balancing dissipation in finite element approximations to convective diffusion problems (1980)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 15 (1980), S. 1705-1711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In one dimension, Petrov - Galerkin nonsymmetric weighting for the convective diffusion equation can be interpreted as an added dissipation. The addition of an appropriate amount of dissipation can therefore give the same oscillation-free solutions as the ‘unwinding’, Petrov - Galerkin, finite element methods. The ‘balancing dissipation’ is optimally chosen so that excessive dissipation does not occur. A scheme is presented for extending this approach to two-dimensional problems, and numerical examples show that the new method can be used with improved computational efficiency.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620151111
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The self-equilibration of residuals and complementary a posteriori error estimates in the finite element method (1984)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 1491-1506 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: It is demonstrated that the residual in a compatible (displacement) finite element solution can be partitioned into local self-equilibrating systems on each element. An a posteriori error analysis is then based on a complementary approach and examples indicate that the guaranteed upper bound on the energy of the error is preserved.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620200811
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A posteriori error analysis and adaptive processes in the finite element method: Part I - error analysis (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 19 (1983), S. 1593-1619 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This is a paper presented in two parts dealing respectively with error analysis and adaptive processes applied to finite element calculations. Part I contains the basic theory and methods of deriving error estimates for second-order problems. Part II of the paper deals with the strategy for adaptive refinement and concentrates on the p-convergent methods. It is shown that an extremely high rate of convergence is reached in practical problems using such procedures. Applications to realistic stress analysis and potential problems are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620191103
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A posteriori pointwise upper bound error estimates in the finite element method (1993)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 36 (1993), S. 1279-1298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An error estimate for the finite element method is presented in this paper. The error is identified as the response to a set of residual forces, and a complementary analysis provides an upper bound estimate of the global energy of the error. The inequality proposed by Babuška and Miller1 is then employed to bound the error in stress and displacement at a point. The formula is derived for two-dimensional elasticity, but the procedure is general; and can be applied to three-dimensional and other problems. Numerical experiments using the procedure are carried out and the results are given for the four-node bilinear compatible element and plane stress.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620360803
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