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  • Articles  (67)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (67)
  • Articles and Proceedings (GFZpublic)
  • 1995-1999  (67)
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  • Articles  (67)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic drive and myotonic dystrophy (1995)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 10 (1995), S. 132-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Sir — Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is a trinucleotide disorder and in sub-clinical individuals there is considerable variation in the length of the CTG repeat. Two groups have recently analysed the patterns of segregation of different sized alleles at this locus and both report an excess of the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng0695-132
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic revolutionaries rise up (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 384 (1996), S. 317-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SELFISH elements are heritable factors that manipulate their host's genetics to their own ends and hence spread in populations despite being deleterious. Well-described examples include meiotic drive genes, such as Segregation Distorter (SD) of Drosophila melanogaster. This acts in males to cause ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/384317a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature dynamic hohlraums on the pulsed power driver Z : The 40th annual meeting of the division of plasma physics of the american physical society (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 2023-2029 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In the concept of the dynamic hohlraum an imploding Z pinch is optically thick to its own radiation. Radiation may be trapped inside the pinch to give a radiation temperature inside the pinch greater than that outside the pinch. The radiation is typically produced by colliding an outer Z-pinch liner onto an inner liner. The collision generates a strongly radiating shock, and the radiation is trapped by the outer liner. As the implosion continues after the collision, the radiation temperature may continue to increase due to ongoing PdV (pressure times change in volume) work done by the implosion. In principal, the radiation temperature may increase to the point at which the outer liner burns through, becomes optically thin, and no longer traps the radiation. One application of the dynamic hohlraum is to drive an ICF (inertial confinement fusion) pellet with the trapped radiation field. Members of the dynamic hohlraum team at Sandia National Labs have used the pulsed power driver Z (20 MA, 100 ns) to create a dynamic hohlraum with temperature linearly ramping from 100 to 180 eV over 5 ns. On this shot zp214 a nested tungsten wire array of 4 and 2 cm diam with masses of 2 and 1 mg imploded onto a 2.5 mg plastic annulus at 5 mm diam. The current return can on this shot was slotted. It is likely the radiation temperature may be increased to over 200 eV by stabilizing the pinch with a solid current return can. A current return can with nine slots imprints nine filaments onto the imploding pinch. This degrades the optical trapping and the quality of the liner collision. A 1.6 mm diam capsule situated inside this dynamic hohlraum of zp214 would see 15 kJ of radiation impinging on its surface before the pinch itself collapses to a 1.6 mm diam. Dynamic hohlraum shots including pellets were scheduled to take place on Z in September of 1998. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873457
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fielding of the on-axis diagnostic package at Z : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 468-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a comprehensive diagnostic package for observing z-pinch radiation along the pinch axis on the Z accelerator. The instrumentation, fielded on the axial package, are x-ray diagnostics requiring direct lines of sight to the target. The diagnostics require vacuum access to the center of the accelerator. The environment is a hostile one, where we must deal with an intense, energetic photon flux (〉100 keV) debris (e.g., bullets or shrapnel), and mechanical shock in order for the diagnostics to survive. In addition, practical constraints require the package be refurbished and utilized on a once a day shot schedule. In spite of this harsh environment, we have successfully fielded the diagnostic package with a high survivability of the data and the instruments. In this article, we describe the environment and issues related to the reentrant diagnostic package's implementation and maintenance. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149377
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current initiation in low-density foam z-pinch plasmas : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 848-851 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Low density agar and aerogel foams were tested as z-pinch loads on the Saturn accelerator to study current flow initiation. In these first experiments, we studied the initial plasma conditions by measuring the visible emission at early times with a framing camera and a streaked one-dimensional imaging system. Later, near the stagnation when the plasma is hotter, x-ray imaging and spectral diagnostics were used to characterize the plasma. Filamentation and arcing at the current contacts were observed. Bright implosion features were also observed. Increasing the early time conductivity, by coating the target with a high-z layer and by providing a low-current prepulse, is the most important factor in obtaining good coupling to the machine. None of the pinches were uniform along the z axis. The prime causes of these problems are believed to be the electrode contacts and the current return configuration. Solutions are discussed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147706
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a visible framing camera diagnostic for the study of current initiation in z-pinch plasmas : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 656-659 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We assembled and tested a visible framing camera system to take 5 ns FWHM images of the early time emission from a z-pinch plasma. This diagnostic was used in conjunction with a visible streak camera allowing early time emissions measurements to diagnose current initiation. Individual frames from gated image intensifiers were proximity coupled to charge injection device cameras and read out at video rate and 8-bit resolution. A mirror was used to view the pinch from a 90° angle. We observed the destruction of the mirror surface, due to the high surface heating, and the subsequent reduction in signal reflected from the mirror. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta and a non-uniform emission from the target. This initial test of the equipment highlighted problems with this measurement. We observed nonuniformities in early time emission. This is believed to be due to either spatially varying current density or heating of the foam. Images were obtained that showed early time ejecta from the target. The results and suggestions for improvement are discussed in the text. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147592
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical windows for a flow cell to contain aqueous solutions at high pressure and temperature (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 1128-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A flow cell to contain aqueous solutions at pressures up to 40 MPa and temperatures up to 600 °C that is equipped with sapphire windows for the transmission of visible light is described. There are four windows, two for the entrance and exit of a laser beam, and two located at 90° that feature f/1 (53° included angle) collection apertures with a 9 mm diameter unobstructed view for Raman spectroscopy, absorption measurements, or studies using full-field back illumination. The window-to-metal seals are gold o-rings; the metal-to-metal seals are gaskets prepared by pressing a gold o-ring onto a gold foil washer. This cell has been used for two years for Raman studies of aqueous solutions at high pressures and temperatures both below and above the supercritical point of water. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145991
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer for diagnosing high-temperature pinch plasmas on Z : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 302-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer for analyzing a variety of pinch experiments on Z. The spectrometer uses a convex curved crystal to disperse spectra onto a flat microchannel plate (MCP) framing camera detector. A single wide, 1 cm, strip on the MCP is gated to provide temporal resolution. The spectral range governed by the 4 cm length of the MCP strip varies with the central Bragg angle and crystal. For a KAP crystal a typical range is 1500–2000 eV. This range can be shifted by translating the crystal along the optical axis to access different Bragg angles. The spectrometer can therefore measure K shell spectra of a wide variety of elements such as Al, Ti, and Fe. The short 1 cm width of the strip is spatially resolved with an imaging cross slit. With a 500 μm cross slit and magnification 1 the spatial resolution at the pinch is 1 mm. The instrument may also be fielded with seven time frames using a seven strip-line microchannel plate as the detector by sacrificing the spatial resolution. We will present data obtained from an aluminum pinch on Z. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149502
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic measurements of the spreading of liquid metals in controlled atmospheres with in situ surface preparation and analysis (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 512-521 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A specially designed ultrahigh vacuum in situ surface analysis and wetting system has been constructed to study the spreading of liquid metal solders on carefully prepared and well-characterized solid substrates. The system consists of a standard ultrahigh vacuum surface analysis chamber linked to a reaction chamber for wetting or other experiments at pressures up to atmospheric. A sophisticated video system allows real-time monitoring of the spreading of the liquid metal through both side and top views. An infrared imaging system allows accurate remote temperature measurements. Sample surfaces are prepared and spreading experiments performed without intermediate exposure of the surfaces to the contaminating atmospheres. Solder spreading is performed under 50 Torr of highly purified helium gas to allow for adequate thermal coupling between the solder and the substrate. Initial studies have been completed for the spreading of pure tin solder on copper substrates in the absence of any fluxing agent. Three types of copper substrate surfaces were investigated in these experiments: the sputter-cleaned, air-exposed, and the as-received surface. Surface chemical analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the air-exposed surface to consist of about 3 nm of Cu2O, while the as-received surface consisted of about 8 nm of Cu2O. The sputter-cleaned surface contained less than one monolayer (0.3 nm) of Cu2O. Spreading experiments utilizing a linear temperature ramp show that pure tin solder spreads readily on oxidized copper surfaces at elevated temperatures. The initiation temperature for rapid tin spreading on the as-received copper surface was 325 °C. Decreasing the thickness of the oxide on the surface lowered the observed temperature for the initiation of spreading and increased the rate of spreading. On the sputter-cleaned copper surface, rapid solder spreading was observed immediately upon melting of the solder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146630
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Axial diagnostic package for Z : Proceedings of the 12th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 70 (1999), S. 464-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed and fielded an axial diagnostic package for the 20 MA, 100 ns, z-pinch driver Z. The package is used to diagnose dynamic hohlraum experiments which require an axial line of sight. The heart of the package is a reentrant cone originally used to diagnose ion-beam-driven hohlraums on PBFA-II. It has one diagnostic line of sight at 0°, two at 4°, four at 6°, and four at 9°. In addition it has a number of viewing, alignment, and vacuum feedthrough ports. The front of the package sits approximately 1.5 m from the pinch. This allows much closer proximity to the pinch, with inherently better resolution and signal, than is presently possible in viewing the pinch from the side. Debris that is preferentially directed along the axis is mitigated by two apertures for each line of sight, and by fast valves and imaging pinholes or cross slits for each diagnostic. In the initial run with this package we fielded a time-resolved pinhole camera, a five-channel pinhole-apertured x-ray diode array, a bolometer, a spatially resolved time-integrated crystal spectrometer, and a spatially and temporally resolved crystal spectrometer. We will present data obtained from these diagnostics in the dynamic hohlraum research conducted on Z. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1149308
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