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  • Articles  (39)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (24)
  • Open Access-Papers  (15)
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  • Articles  (39)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmonella typhimurium Attached to Chicken Skin Reduced Using Electrical Stimulation and Inorganic Salts (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken skins inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium at 1 × 108 CFU/mL were subjected to chemical or electrical treatments (4 mA/ cm2 current, 1 kHz frequency and 50% duty cycle) for 10 min in 1% sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), or trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4 12H2O or TSP). Salmonellae on chicken skins and in treatment solutions and rinsing water were enumerated with microbiological platings. Chicken skin was also examined using scanning electron microscopy.S. typhimurium attached to skins were reduced by 90% after electrical treatments in 1% NaCl, Na2CO3, or TSP, while the reduction ranged from 34% to 76% in groups treated by the salts alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06888.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-Chill Spray of Chicken Carcasses to Reduce Salmonella typhimurium (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A test chamber was designed and constructed and prechill chicken carcasses inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium were treated in it. They were sprayed with tap water, 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl), 5% or 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 5% or 10% sodium bisulfate (SBS), 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 1% lactic acids (LAC) at 207, 345 or 827 kPa pressure for either 30 or 90 sec exposure time. Samples were taken from carcass wash water to determine the most probable number of Salmonella. Compared to tap water spraying, 0.85% NaCl spraying did not significantly reduce Salmonella. The greatest reductions of S. typhimurium, by 10% TSP, 10% SBS, 0.1% CPC or 1% LAC spraying, were 3.7, 2.4, 1.6 or 1.6 log in 90 sec treatments, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04441.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial grasp synthesis for complex objects using model-based simulation (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 32 (2005), S. 24-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Selection of an effective grasp of a complex object using a multifingered gripper is a challenging problem because of the many possible grasp positions that are typically available. Design/methodology/approach - Given the geometrical description of the particular object feature to be grasped, all feasible grasps are performed in offline simulation using a geometrically accurate model of the desired gripper. The six-dimensional convex hull for each grasp is computed and archived. This convex hull indicates the span of forces and torques that the grasp can resist. When a grasp is needed the force/torque due to the total object weight is estimated and the best grasp is selected. The selected grasp has minimum peak contact force consistent with equilibrium. Findings - Experimental trials with several complex object show the method is capable of producing grasps which can support the object and resist external force/torque. Research limitations/implications - An accurate geometrical description of the feature to be grasped must be known in advance. This would typically be a cylindrical or prismatic portion of the object. Practical implications - There are many environments in which a dexterous multifingered gripper must be used due to the variety of objects which must be grasped. The results indicate that effective grasps can be selected for complex objects from a database of simulated grasps. Originality/value - The primary contribution of this paper is the use of a database of simulated grasps on simple graspable features to synthesize grasps on complex objects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01439910510573255
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zircon U–Pb ages and tectonic implications of ‘Early Paleozoic’ granitoids at Yanbian, Jilin Province, northeast China (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 13 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Yanbian area is located in the eastern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) of China and is characterized by widespread Phanerozoic granitic intrusions. It was previously thought that the Yanbian granitoids were mainly emplaced in the Early Paleozoic (so-called ‘Caledonian’ granitoids), extending east–west along the northern margin of the North China craton. However, few of them have been precisely dated; therefore, five typical ‘Caledonian’ granitic intrusions (the Huangniling, Dakai, Mengshan, Gaoling and Bailiping batholiths) were selected for U–Pb zircon isotopic study. New-age data show that emplacement of these granitoids extended from the Late Paleozoic to Late Mesozoic (285–116 Ma). This indicates that no ‘Caledonian’ granitic belt exists along the northern margin of the North China craton. The granitoids can be subdivided into four episodes based on our new data: Early Permian (285 ± 9 Ma), Early Triassic (249–245 Ma), Jurassic (192–168 Ma) and Cretaceous (119–116 Ma). The 285 ± 9 Ma tonalite was most likely related to subduction of the Paleo-Asian Oceanic Plate beneath the North China craton, followed by Triassic (249–245 Ma) syn-collisional monzogranites, representing the collision of the CAOB orogenic collage with the North China craton and final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. The Jurassic granitoids resulted from subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate and subsequent collision of the Jiamusi–Khanka Massif with the existing continent, assembled in the Triassic. The Early Cretaceous granitoids formed in an extensional setting along the eastern Asian continental margin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1738.2004.00442.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Protective Gases on the Oxidation Behavior of Mg-Ca Base Molten Alloys (2003)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 419-422 (Mar. 2003), p. 575-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/06/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.419-422.575.pdf
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Macro-Residual Stress of 304 Stainless Steel Coated with TiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉-SiO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Thin Films by Sol-Gel Process (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 280-283 (Feb. 2007), p. 815-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction (XRD) method to measure the residual stress in the metal substrate surface layer and the medial oxide layer between thin film and metal substrate was introduced and the sol-gel TiO2-SiO2 thin film was successfully prepared on SUS304 stainless steel substrate by dip-coating process.The macro residual stress existing in metal substrate was analyzed by XRD. It turns out that the compressive stress existing in the metal substrate surface layer decreases with the raising of heat-treated temperature and that the compressive stress of metal substrate surface layer and the tensile stress of the medialoxide layer increase with the increase of the withdrawal speeds of the sol-gel dip-coating. Based on the above study, colored stainless steels of high quality were prepared by sol-gel process for the first time
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/49/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.280-283.815.pdf
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (ϖμ/ϖT) P of the lower mantle (1996)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 146 (1996), S. 533-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Lower mantle ; seismic tomography ; thermoelasticiti ; composition models ; geodynamics ; shear modulus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We estimate (ϖμ/ϖT) P of the lower mantle at seismic frequencies using two distinct approaches by combining ambient laboratory measurements on lower mantle minerals with seismic data. In the first approach, an upper bound is estimated for |(ϖμ/ϖT) P | by comparing the shear modulus (μ) profile of PREM with laboratory room-temperature data of μ extrapolated to high pressures. The second approach employs a seismic tomography constraint (ϖ lnV S /ϖ lnV P ) P =1.8–2, which directly relates (ϖμ/ϖT) P with (ϖK S /ϖT) P . An average (ϖK S /ϖT) P can be obtained by comparing the well-established room-temperature compression data for lower mantle minerals with theK S profile of PREM along several possible adiabats. Both (ϖK S /ϖT) and (ϖμ/ϖT) depend on silicon content [or (Mg+Fe)/Sil of the model. For various compositions, the two approaches predict rather distinct (ϖμ/ϖT) P vs. (ϖK S /ϖT) P curves, which intersect at a composition similar to pyrolite with (ϖμ/ϖT) P =−0.02 to −0.035 and (ϖK S /ϖT) P =−0.015 to −0.020 GPa/K. The pure perovskite model, on the other hand, yields grossly inconsistent results using the two approaches. We conclude that both vertical and lateral variations in seismic velocities are consistent with variation due to pressure, temperature, and phase transformations of a uniform composition. Additional physical properties of a pyrolite lower mantle are further predicted. Lateral temperature variations are predicted to be about 100–250 K, and the ratio of (ϖ lnp/ϖ lnV S ) P around 0.13 and 0.26. All of these parameters increase slightly with depth if the ratio of (ϖ lnV S /ϖ lnV P ) P remains constant throughout the lower mantle. These predicted values are in excellent agreement with geodynamic analyses, in which the ratios (ϖ ln ϱ/ϖ lnV S ) P and (ϖ ϱ/ϖ lnV S ) P are free parameters arbitrarily adjusted to fit the tomography and geoid data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00874732
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of phase transition pressures of ZnTe under quasihydrostatic conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 141 (1993), S. 643-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: High pressure ; pressure calibration ; ZnTe ; synchrotron X-ray source ; DIA type cubic anvil apparatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pressure behavior of ZnTe at room temperature was studied using an X-ray energy dispersive method on a DIA type cubic anvil apparatus (SAM-85) at NSLS-X17B1. By using powdered polyethylene, the sample and NaCl for a pressure scale were held under quasihydrostatic conditions, which were confirmed by X-ray diffraction method. Two high-pressure phase transitions were confirmed using X-ray powder diffraction simultaneously with electrical resistance measurements. The phase transition pressures under quasihydrostatic conditions were determined to be 9.6 GPa, at which the resistance increased, and 12.0 GPa, which was the midpoint of a large resistance decrease. Errors in the pressure determinations were estimated to be less than 0.2 GPa. These pressure values may depend on grain size and anisotropic stress effects on the calibrant. From X-ray observation of ZnTe, the bulk modulus of the zinc blende structure was calculated to beK 0=51(3) GPa andK 0 ′ =3.6(0.8), and the first transition at 9.6 GPa was found to have about 9% volume change. It was consistent with an anomaly in the pressure generating curves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00998350
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    TEM and TEM-EDX Analysis of Cross-Section of Anti-Reflective Thin Film and Glass Substrate (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 1579-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Two-layer antireflective films were prepared on Na-Mg-Ca-Si glass substrate by sol-gel process starting from metal alkoxides: Si(OC2H5)4, Ti(OC4H9)4. The transmittance of glass was increased obviously (〉95%), the reflective index was reduced to 1.95 through visible light range. TEM observation showed that SiO2 film is compactly joined to TiO2 film and TiO2 film to the substrate. TEM-EDX analysis of the films, film-substrate interface and substrate revealed that with the increase of Ti content, the content of Mg，Ca and Si decreases, however, the content of Na increases. The diffuse of Na+ from the substrate to the film is negative diffusion
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/09/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.1579.pdf
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron microscopy study of domain structure due to phase transitions in natural perovskite (1993)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 20 (1993), S. 147-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Transmission electron microscopy on natural calcium metatitanate perovskite (dysanalyte) reveals the following twin laws in the orthorhombic (space group Pbnm) phase: reflection twins on the {110} and {112} planes, and 90° rotation twins about the [001] axis (referred to as [001]90° twin). Single crystals that were heattreated and quenched from above 1585 K exhibit a dramatic change in domain structure compared with the starting material and specimens quenched from T 〈 1470 K. Mutually perpendicular {110} and [001]90° twins are observed throughout the crystal, forming a cross-hatched domain texture. 1/2[001] antiphase domains, which are very rarely observed in the starting material, also become dominant in the crystal. This change in domain structure is interpreted as due to a structural phase transition in perovskite at a temperature below 1585 K. From the point symmetry elements that describe the twin laws and the translational elements that relate the antiphase domains, the most likely phase near 1585 K is tetragonal with space group P4/mbm. These results are consistent with high-temperature powder X-ray diffraction study. On the other hand, density of the {112} twins is increased significantly in the crystal quenched from 1673 K. Twin domains are either bound by mutually perpendicular {110} and (001) walls, or by {112} walls with {110} twin domains within the polygonal {112} domains. Both twin density variation and domain morphology suggest that the crystal may be cubic at this temperature. Microstructure of a single crystal deformed at 1273 K and 3.5 GPa (within the orthorhombic stability field) is morphologically quite distinct from that of the heat-treated specimens. Dislocations dominate the microstructure and often interact with twin domain boundaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200117
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