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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-Chill Spray of Chicken Carcasses to Reduce Salmonella typhimurium (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A test chamber was designed and constructed and prechill chicken carcasses inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium were treated in it. They were sprayed with tap water, 0.85% sodium chloride (NaCl), 5% or 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP), 5% or 10% sodium bisulfate (SBS), 0.1% cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), or 1% lactic acids (LAC) at 207, 345 or 827 kPa pressure for either 30 or 90 sec exposure time. Samples were taken from carcass wash water to determine the most probable number of Salmonella. Compared to tap water spraying, 0.85% NaCl spraying did not significantly reduce Salmonella. The greatest reductions of S. typhimurium, by 10% TSP, 10% SBS, 0.1% CPC or 1% LAC spraying, were 3.7, 2.4, 1.6 or 1.6 log in 90 sec treatments, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1997.tb04441.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salmonella typhimurium Attached to Chicken Skin Reduced Using Electrical Stimulation and Inorganic Salts (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 59 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken skins inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium at 1 × 108 CFU/mL were subjected to chemical or electrical treatments (4 mA/ cm2 current, 1 kHz frequency and 50% duty cycle) for 10 min in 1% sodium chloride (NaCl), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), or trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4 12H2O or TSP). Salmonellae on chicken skins and in treatment solutions and rinsing water were enumerated with microbiological platings. Chicken skin was also examined using scanning electron microscopy.S. typhimurium attached to skins were reduced by 90% after electrical treatments in 1% NaCl, Na2CO3, or TSP, while the reduction ranged from 34% to 76% in groups treated by the salts alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1994.tb06888.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MEMBRANE LIFTING TECHNIQUE FOR RAPID DETECTION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI 0157:H7 IN INOCULATED GROUND MEATS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 4 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A membrane lifting technique was developed for direct rapid detection of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in inoculated ground meats. Duplicate groups of 2 meatballs were inoculated with volumes of 0.1-ml of a serial dilution (1:10) of E. coli 0157:H7 or a mixed culture containing one strain of E. coli 0157:H7 and a non-0157:H7E. coli serotype (E. coli ATCC 25922). Each meatball was sampled by sandwiching with 2 pieces of nitrocellulose membranes and pressing against each other to the center of the meatball. The membranes were in contact with the meats for 10 min to lift the bacteria. The membranes were removed and incubated on MacConkey-sorbitol agar plates with the meat contact side up. After 18 h incubation at 37C, an immunostain was performed directly on the membranes for detection of the presence or absence of E. coli 0157:H7. This method was found to be sensitive enough to detect as few as 1 to 2 cells of E. coli 0157:H7 inoculated on surfaces of 18-g meatballs. This method might be used as a rapid presumptive test for E. coli 0157:H7.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1996.tb00120.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID DETECTION OF MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS IN CHICKENS WITH A FLUORESCENCE CONCENTRATION IMMUNOASSAY (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection in chickens was detected with a fluorescence concentration immunoassay (FCIA) using intact mycoplasmal cells as the reacting particles. The antigen and test chicken antisera were directly pipetted into the wells of a 96-well fluoricon assay plate and incubated 30 min at ambient temperature in the chamber of a fluorescence concentration analyzer. The antigen-antibody bound complexes and free components automatically were separated by vacuum filtrations and washings through the membrane filter equipped at the base of the wells. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) was used as the tracer via FITC-goat-anti-chicken IgG which was incubated with the above formed antigen-antibody complexes in the wells for another 30 min. After the vacuum filtrations and washings, the fluorescent signal was read at a wavelength of 485/535 nm and was reported in a numerical arbitrary fluorescence unit (AFU). The positive cutoff AFU value was calculated by adding 2 standard deviations to the average AFU of the negative control. Samples with AFU above the cut-off value were scored positive indicating the infection. It was found the FCIA method was comparable in sensitivity to the Agritech ELISA method and more sensitive than the serum plate agglutination (SPA) test or hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. Forty-seven/51 sera from M. gallisepticum inoculated chickens were scored positive using FCIA or ELISA methods, while 36/51 and 40/51 were indicated positive by HI and SPA tests respectively. The specificity of the FCIA assay using sera from M. gallisepticum inoculated chickens was shown to be comparable to the HI test. Cross-reactivity occurred at 35%, 8% and 11% in SPA, HI and FCIA tests respectively. The FCIA assay can be completed in less than 2 h with a total of 24 samples including one negative control and one positive control sera assayed in one plate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1994.tb00320.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RAPID METHOD FOR DETECTION OF SALMONELLAE ATTACHED TO CHICKEN SKIN (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 11 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rapid, sensitive nitrocellulose membrane lifting technique was developed to identify Salmonella typhimurium attached to chicken skin. Basically, this method used a nitrocellulose membrane to remove salmonellae attached to chicken skin. The membrane with attached salmonellae was then incubated on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) agar for 18 h at 37°C. Appearance of black colonies on the white membrane was considered a positive presumptive test for salmonellae. Immunostaining of colonies on the nitrocellulose membrane was then used to confirm presence or absence of salmonellae. This technique can be used to identify salmonellae contamination of chicken skin in less than 24 h and was shown to be more sensitive than presently used swabbing or washing techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1990.tb00052.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT of DNA PROBES SPECIFIC FOR CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: DNA probes specific for Campylobacter jejuni have been developed. A genomic library of C. jejuni was constructed and screened with 32P-labeled genomic DNA from C. jejuni and C. coli by colony hybridization. Several clones that reacted only with C. jejuni but not with C. coli were selected. Two DNA inserts (1.5 kb and 0.8 kb) were isolated from the positive clones. A modified Southern hybridization technique indicated that these two 32P-labeled DNA inserts were specific for C. jejuni. the 1.5 kb DNA insert was partly sequenced, and a 19 base oligomer probe was selected from the sequences. Southern hybridization indicated that the oligomer probe hybridized with DNA from all seven strains of C. jejuni tested bus did not hybridize with DNA from four strains of C. coli, one strain of C. fetus and C. laridis, or 11 other bacterial species tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1992.tb00072.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A RAPID PCR METHOD FOR DIRECT DETECTION of LOW NUMBERS of CAMPYLOBACTER JEJUNI (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was developed for detection of low numbers of Campylobacter jejuni. In this method, PCR was run directly from lysed C. jejuni cells and used a short denaturing and annealing time, a rapid transition, and an increased number of cycles to obtain good sensitivity. Only 3 h were required for PCR and 1 h for electrophoresis. Additional time for DNA isolation and DNA hybridization was not needed. This system was positive for C. jejuni but negative for C. coli and C. fetus. the method detected as few as two cells in original liquid ofC. jejuni in pure cultures. an internal probe hybridization test confirmed that the PCR products were from C. jejuni.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1992.tb00074.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENT and USE of MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES SPECIFIC FOR MYCOPLASMA GALLISEPTICUM (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Two monoclonal antibodies (AMb) that react only with Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and do not cross-react with Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) were established. MAb 76 was IgG1 and reacted with a 66 kDa MG protein. MAb 69 was IgG2b and reacted with a 100 kDa MG protein. Using these MAbs as positive controls in an immunoblotting test, 9 of 12 sera from MG inoculated chickens gave a strong band at 66 kDa, and no bands were found at 66 kDa using either 11 sera from MS inoculated chickens or 10 sera from uninoculated, negative control chickens. These results indicated that the 66 kDa protein is a major species-specific protein for MG and that the MAb 76 is a major species-specific monoclonal antibody for MG. the MAb 76 identified 7 of 7 M. gallisepticum strains by a cell-dot-blot method. A coagglutination test using MAb 76 bound to protein A positive Staphylococcus aureus cells was also shown to be a rapid method to identify the seven strains of M. gallisepticum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1992.tb00085.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL STIMULATION ON KILLING SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN VARIOUS SALT SOLUTIONS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food safety 13 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4565
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Electrical stimulation was evaluated as a method to kill Salmonella typhimurium in various salt solutions at different concentration. Salmonella typhimurium at 2 × 105 CFU/ml was treated at 22–24C for 60 min in each salt solution using electricity at 10 mA/cm2 current, 1 kHz frequency, and 50% duty cycle. Samples taken at various times were serially diluted, plated on tryptic soy agar and xylose lysine desoxycholate agar, and incubated at 37C for 18–24 h. To detect injured cells, samples were also pre-enriched in buffered peptone water at 37C for 4–5h before being plated. Results indicated all salmonellae were electrically killed at 5 min in NaCl, at 30 min in NaNO3, and at 45 min in NaC2H3O2 at 0.15 and 0.015 M concentrations. Salmonellae were also killed at 45 min in Na3PO4 and at 60 min in Na2CO3 at 0.0015 M concentration by electricity in combination with high pH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4565.1993.tb00111.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FLUORESCENCE CONCENTRATION IMMUNOASSAY FOR RAPID DETECTION OF CAMPYLOBACTER SPP. IN CHICKEN RINSE WATER (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of rapid methods and automation in microbiology 3 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4581
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A total of 215 freshly processed post-chill whole chicken carcasses were assessed for Campylobacter spp. contamination by a fluorescence concentration immunoassay (FCIA) procedure. Whole chicken carcasses were sampled with low volume water rinses from which 5 ml portions were enriched with brucella enrichment broth with or without oxyrase supplement in a test tube enrichment system. After a 24h stationary incubation at 42C, each sample was assayed using a FCIA procedure for the presence or absence of campylobacters. The FCIA procedure indicated Campylobacter spp. contamination in 84% of carcasses using oxyrase supplemented enrichment, while only 47% of the chicken carcasses were positive from nonsupplemented enrichment. The corresponding incidence rates detected by culture method were 92% and 87% for oxyrase supplemented and unsupplemented samples, respectively. The FCIA procedure can be completed in less than 1 h with 48 samples including a positive and a negative control assayed on one plate. In summary, the test tube oxyrase-supplemented stationary enrichment system followed by the use of the FCIA procedure was found to be an effective, rapid method for the detection of Campylobacter spp. in chicken rinse water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4581.1994.tb00309.x
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