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  • 1
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    Performance of a 10-kJ SMES model cooled by liquid hydrogen thermo-siphon flow for ASPCS study (2015)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-12-19
    Description: We propose a new electrical power storage and stabilization system, called an Advanced Superconducting Power Conditioning System (ASPCS), which consists of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) and hydrogen energy storage, converged on a liquid hydrogen station for fuel cell vehicles. A small 10- kJ SMES system, in which a BSCCO coil cooled by liquid hydrogen was installed, was developed to create an experimental model of an ASPCS. The SMES coil is conductively cooled by liquid hydrogen flow through a thermo-siphon line under a liquid hydrogen buffer tank. After fabrication of the system, cooldown tests were carried out using liquid hydrogen. The SMES coil was successfully charged up to a nominal current of 200 A. An eddy current loss, which was mainly induced in pure aluminum plates pasted onto each pancake coils for conduction cooling, was also measured.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Interleukin-22 alleviates metabolic disorders and restores mucosal immunity in diabetes (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-15
    Description: The connection between an altered gut microbiota and metabolic disorders such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease is well established. Defects in preserving the integrity of the mucosal barriers can result in systemic endotoxaemia that contributes to chronic low-grade inflammation, which further promotes the development of metabolic syndrome. Interleukin (IL)-22 exerts essential roles in eliciting antimicrobial immunity and maintaining mucosal barrier integrity within the intestine. Here we investigate the connection between IL-22 and metabolic disorders. We find that the induction of IL-22 from innate lymphoid cells and CD4(+) T cells is impaired in obese mice under various immune challenges, especially in the colon during infection with Citrobacter rodentium. While innate lymphoid cell populations are largely intact in obese mice, the upregulation of IL-23, a cytokine upstream of IL-22, is compromised during the infection. Consequently, these mice are susceptible to C. rodentium infection, and both exogenous IL-22 and IL-23 are able to restore the mucosal host defence. Importantly, we further unveil unexpected functions of IL-22 in regulating metabolism. Mice deficient in IL-22 receptor and fed with high-fat diet are prone to developing metabolic disorders. Strikingly, administration of exogenous IL-22 in genetically obese leptin-receptor-deficient (db/db) mice and mice fed with high-fat diet reverses many of the metabolic symptoms, including hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. IL-22 shows diverse metabolic benefits, as it improves insulin sensitivity, preserves gut mucosal barrier and endocrine functions, decreases endotoxaemia and chronic inflammation, and regulates lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissues. In summary, we identify the IL-22 pathway as a novel target for therapeutic intervention in metabolic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, Xiaoting -- Ota, Naruhisa -- Manzanillo, Paolo -- Kates, Lance -- Zavala-Solorio, Jose -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Zhang, Juan -- Lesch, Justin -- Lee, Wyne P -- Ross, Jed -- Diehl, Lauri -- van Bruggen, Nicholas -- Kolumam, Ganesh -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- England -- Nature. 2014 Oct 9;514(7521):237-41. doi: 10.1038/nature13564. Epub 2014 Aug 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2]. ; Department of Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; 1] Department of Biomedical Imaging, Genentech, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119041" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects/metabolism ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/secretion ; Chronic Disease ; Citrobacter rodentium/drug effects/immunology/physiology ; Colon/drug effects/immunology/microbiology ; Diabetes Mellitus/*immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Diet, High-Fat ; Female ; Hyperglycemia/diet therapy/drug therapy/metabolism ; *Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects ; Inflammation/drug therapy/metabolism/pathology ; Insulin/metabolism ; Insulin Resistance ; Interleukin-23/immunology/metabolism/pharmacology ; Interleukins/*immunology/*metabolism/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Lipid Metabolism/drug effects ; Liver/drug effects/metabolism ; Male ; Metabolic Diseases/diet therapy/drug therapy/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Obese ; Obesity/metabolism ; Receptors, Interleukin/deficiency/metabolism ; Receptors, Leptin/deficiency/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    NRROS negatively regulates reactive oxygen species during host defence and autoimmunity (2014)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes are essential for host defence against bacterial and fungal infections. Individuals with defective ROS production machinery develop chronic granulomatous disease. Conversely, excessive ROS can cause collateral tissue damage during inflammatory processes and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Here we describe a protein, we termed negative regulator of ROS (NRROS), which limits ROS generation by phagocytes during inflammatory responses. NRROS expression in phagocytes can be repressed by inflammatory signals. NRROS-deficient phagocytes produce increased ROS upon inflammatory challenges, and mice lacking NRROS in their phagocytes show enhanced bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conversely, these mice develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis owing to oxidative tissue damage in the central nervous system. Mechanistically, NRROS is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it directly interacts with nascent NOX2 (also known as gp91(phox) and encoded by Cybb) monomer, one of the membrane-bound subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex, and facilitates the degradation of NOX2 through the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Thus, NRROS provides a hitherto undefined mechanism for regulating ROS production--one that enables phagocytes to produce higher amounts of ROS, if required to control invading pathogens, while minimizing unwanted collateral tissue damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noubade, Rajkumar -- Wong, Kit -- Ota, Naruhisa -- Rutz, Sascha -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Valdez, Patricia A -- Ding, Jiabing -- Peng, Ivan -- Sebrell, Andrew -- Caplazi, Patrick -- DeVoss, Jason -- Soriano, Robert H -- Sai, Tao -- Lu, Rongze -- Modrusan, Zora -- Hackney, Jason -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):235-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13152. Epub 2014 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2] Flexus Biosciences, 75 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, California 94070, USA (R.N.); American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 11200 Rockville Pike, Suite 302, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA (P.A.V.). ; Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24739962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity/genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism/pathology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Female ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Listeria monocytogenes/*immunology ; Macrophages/cytology/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; NADPH Oxidase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Phagocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of feeding and growth in two coexisting species of carnivorous gastropods (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 136 (2000), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of variable food supply on growth rate and feeding behaviour in two coexisting intertidal gastropods were examined through field and laboratory experiments involving mark and recapture procedures, growth experiments under controlled food supply and video observations of feeding. All cohorts of both Japeuthria species grew most in summer, with the highest growth rate being achieved by the youngest cohort of both sexes. In contrast, almost all cohorts (except the youngest one) showed zero to negative growth in winter. The growth rates of Japeuthria species clearly varied depending on feeding frequencies and the initial size of individuals. Females of both species had a significantly higher growth rate than males, though the difference became less marked with decreasing food supply. The total time spent on feeding and the length of the first feeding bout generally increased as the duration of the interval between meals was increased across treatments. From both the field growth experiment and the observations of feeding behaviour it is clear that J. ferrea had a higher frequency of feeding than J. cingulata in the field; 1- to 3-d intervals of feeding frequency in the former and 3- to 6-d intervals in the latter. Most notably, the two species showed a reversal in growth rates with changing conditions of food supply. When food was relatively abundant J. ferrea achieved better growth than J. cingulata, but J. cingulata grew better than J. ferrea under low food supply. In view of the fact that J. ferrea seems to be competitively superior to J. cingulata under normal levels, the present observation that J. cingulata can perform better than J. ferrea when food availability is low gives an important advantage to the latter in terms of its coexistence with the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050013
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of germanium in different media by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytica Chimica Acta 107 (1979), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0003-2670(01)93215-5
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Single crystal growth of ZnS by the method of gas source MBE
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 76 (1986), S. 440-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(86)90391-X
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein chemotaxonomy of genus Datura: Identical amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from two varieties of Datura stramonium
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 33 (1993), S. 601-605 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Datura stramonium var. stramonium, D. stramonium var. tatula ; Solanaceae, amino acid sequence ; ferredoxin. ; protein chemotaxonomy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(93)85455-Z
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Bi"2O"3-ZnO-Fe"2O"3 ferromagnetic glasses
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 54-57 (1986), S. 293-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-8853
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-8853(86)90594-9
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethnic Difference in Contribution of Sp1 Site Variation of COLIA1 Gene in Genetic Predisposition to Osteoporosis (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 352-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Osteoporosis, a condition characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) leading to bone fragility [1], is a major public health concern in Japan as well as in other countries. Although genetic predisposition seems to be a factor in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis [2–4], the precise cohort of genes that may be involved is not well defined. The COLIA1 and COLIA2 genes encode polypeptide constituents of collagen type Iα1 and Iα2, respectively. Both are important candidates as genetic regulators of BMD, since mutations in either gene result in osteogenesis imperfecta, a disorder characterized by severe osteoporosis [5]. Some patients with adult osteoporosis also carry mutations in COLIA1 or COLIA2 genes [6].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900711
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Association of Bone Mineral Density with Polymorphism of the Human Calcium-Sensing Receptor Locus (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 66 (2000), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A strong correlation between bone mass and genetic factors has been shown in twins and family studies. Some of the genes involved would regulate bone metabolism, bone formation, and resorption, all processes that determine bone mass. One candidate genes, calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) in the parathyroid gland, regulates calcium homeostasis by sensing decreases in extracellular calcium level and effecting an increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium (Ca) reabsorption in the kidney. We have investigated a possible association between the CA-repeat polymorphism at the human CASR gene locus and the bone mineral density (BMD) of radial bone in 472 postmenopausal Japanese women. Genotypes were classified into nine groups according to the number of CA repeats present, from 20 to 12. BMD was expressed as the adjusted BMD, which was the body mass index (BMI), and age-adjusted average BMD. The 247 women who had an A3 allele (228 bp, containing 18 repeats of CA) had significantly lower adjusted BMD (mean ± SD: 0.303 ± 0.059 versus 0.316 ± 0.063 g/cm2; P= 0.0308) than the participants (n = 201) who did not carry an allele of that size. This result suggests that genetic variation at the CASR gene locus is associated with some determinants for BMD in postmenopausal women.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005835
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