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  • 1
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    Abyssal fauna of polymetallic nodule exploration areas, eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone, central Pacific Ocean: Annelida: Spionidae and Poecilochaetidae (2022)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: This paper represents a continuation of taxonomic publications on the benthic fauna of polymetallic nodule fields in the eastern Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ) using material collected during baseline environmental survey work targeting two exploration contract areas (“UK-1” and “OMS”) and one Area of Particular Environmental Interest, “APEI-6.” Families Poecilochaetidae Hannerz, 1956 and Spionidae Grube, 1850 of the annelid suborder Spioniformia were studied here. Taxonomic data are presented for 25 species from 98 records as identified by a combination of morphological and genetic approaches. Although sub-optimal morphological condition can prevent new species being formally described, it is essential that morphological, molecular, and voucher data are made available for future surveys. Descriptions of two new species— Poecilochaetus brenkei sp. nov. and Laonice shulseae sp. nov.—increase the number of formally described new annelid species from the areas targeted in this study to 15 and CCZ-wide to 46. We also discuss the commonly reported “cosmopolitan” deep-sea spionid Aurospio dibranchiata Maciolek, 1981, which we show represents several genetically distinct species (three of these from CCZ area alone) but without reliable morphological characters to separate them. Molecular data provide evidence that 15 out of 25 species reported here have a wide distribution within the eastern CCZ and that Aurospio sp. “NHM_2186” and the known species Prionospio amarsupiata Neal & Altamira in Paterson et al. 2016 may be cosmopolitan. Lastly, the molecular data provide insights into relationships within Spioniformia, suggesting that both Poecilochaetidae and Trochochaetidae belong within Spionidae.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Deconvolving feeding niches and strategies of abyssal holothurians from their stable isotope, amino acid, and fatty acid composition (2023)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Holothurians are the dominant megabenthic deposit feeders in the Peru Basin (SE Pacific) and feed to various degrees of selectivity on a heterogenous pool of sedimentary detritus, but drivers of feeding selectivity and diet preferences for most holothurian species are unknown. This study reconstructs the diets of 13 holothurian species of the orders Elasipodida, Holothuriida, and Synallactida. Bulk stable isotope analyses (δ13C, δ15N) of holothurian body wall and gut wall tissues, gut contents, and feces were combined with compound-specific stable isotope analyses of amino acids, phospholipid-derived fatty acids, and neutral-lipid-derived fatty acids in the body wall. We further assessed how holothurians in the Peru Basin partition their resources and calculated how much of the daily particulate organic carbon (POC) flux to the area is ingested by them using information about gut contents of nine species. To assess the dependence of holothurians on fresh phytodetritus, we performed in situ pulse-chase experiments using 13C- and 15N-enriched phytodetritus. By measuring the uptake of this phytodetritus in fatty acids and amino acids and by comparing it with the presence of these compounds in the sediment, we calculated net accumulation and net deficiency for specific fatty acids and amino acids and discussed how climate change might affect the dependence on specific compounds. A Sørensen–Dice coefficient-based cluster analysis using data from trophic levels, levels of heterotrophic re-synthesis of amino acids, feeding selectivity, and food sources/diet suggested two major trophic groups with two optional subgroups each. Species-specific traits of locomotion, tentacle morphology, and gut structure likely allow resource partitioning and differences in selectivity among the holothurians, of which a subpopulation of 65% of all specimens can ingest 4 to 27% of the daily POC flux to the Peru Basin. Holothurians are specifically dependent on the uptake of arachidonic acid from phytodetritus, while most essential amino acids are available in the Peru Basin in sufficient concentrations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone: a worm perspective (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The deep seafloor of the Northeastern Pacific Ocean between the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones (CCZ) hosts large deposits of polymetallic nodules that are of great commercial interest as they are rich in valuable metals such as manganese, nickel, copper and cobalt. However, mining of these nodules has the potential to severely affect the benthic fauna, whose distribution and diversity are still poorly understood. The CCZ is characterized by strong gradients in sea surface productivity and hence changes in the amount of organic carbon reaching the seafloor, decreasing from mesotrophic conditions in the southeast to oligotrophic conditions in the northwest. Uncovering and understanding changes in community composition and structure along this productivity gradient are challenging but important, especially in the context of future mining impacts. Here, we summarize published data on benthic annelids (polychaetes), a major component of macrobenthic communities in the CCZ. Unlike previous studies, we attempt to explore all available data based on both morphology and genetics collected by box corer and epibenthic sledge. In this regard, we specifically aimed to (a) summarize and compare morphological and molecular data in relation to surface water nutrient conditions and (b) provide recommendations to advance the studies of polychaete biodiversity. Although initial studies on polychaetes in the CCZ were performed as far back as the 1970s, there are still large data gaps further explored in our review. For example, most of the current data are from the eastern CCZ, limiting understanding of species ranges across the region. An association between polychaete communities and the available food supply was generally observed in this study. Indeed, mesotrophic conditions supported higher abundance and species richness in polychaetes as a whole, but for certain groups of species, the patterns appear to be opposite — illustrating that relationships are likely more complex at lower taxonomic levels. A better understanding of biogeographical, ecological and evolutionary processes requires a concerted effort involving increased sampling and sharing of data and material to close existing knowledge gaps.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Analysis (report) of high- resolution modelling of efficacy, and regional impacts of selected ocean NETs close to the deployment sites (2023)
    OceanNETs
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Many recent ocean modelling studies have demonstrated the added value of enhanced horizontal resolution, although it comes at a high computational cost. However, few modeling studies of ocean-based CDR have been done at high resolution. Here we assess the effects of model resolution on two simulated ocean-based CDR methods, unequilibrated ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) and the direct marine capture (DMC) of CO2 from seawater (with assumed permanent storage), in experiments with the FOCI Earth system model. To do this we utilized two FOCI configurations, one with a 1/2° ocean resolution and the other with a 1/10° ocean nest in the N. Atlantic. Both configurations were run in a series of “paired” experiments with identical climate forcing and CDR deployments. We show that model resolution does appear to matter when simulating OAE and DMC. For OAE, parameterization of physical processes in the coarse resolution version of the model appears to overestimate how long alkalized waters stay in contact with the atmosphere and where they are transported. This results in large differences in OAE efficacy with almost twice as much carbon sequestered when the model resolution is coarse. For the DMC simulations, at one site there were clear differences in the compensating CO2 flux induced by DIC removal, which was again higher with a coarse resolution, while at the other site variability was high and differences were difficult to determine. At both DMC sites there were clear differences in circulation with the two model resolutions, and thus on downstream biogeochemistry. We suggest that well resolving ocean physics may be necessary to best calculate unequilibrated OAE and DMC efficacies and side effects. These results should be confirmed using other models and with different resolutions.
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 5
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    Enhanced Phosphate Consumption Stimulated by Nitrogen Fixation Within a Cyclonic Eddy in the Northwest Pacific (2023)
    AGU (American Geophysical Union) | Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Mesoscale eddies are common in the subtropical Northwest Pacific, however, relatively little is known about their spatial variability and temporal evolution, and how these impact upper ocean biogeochemistry. Here we investigate these using observations of a cyclonic eddy carried out along four sequential transects. Consistent with previous observations of cyclonic eddies, the eddy core had doming isopycnals, bringing elevated nutrient waters nearer to the surface. However, we also found that the upper layer of the eddy above the nutricline had significantly lower phosphate concentrations within its core relative to its edge. We attributed this to elevated N 2 fixation within the eddy core, which was likely driven by enhanced subsurface iron supply, ultimately resulting in increased phosphate consumption. Eddy‐enhanced N 2 fixation was additionally supported by the elevation of nitrate + nitrite to phosphate ratios below the euphotic zone. Moreover, we observed that while the upward displacement of isopycnals within the eddy core led to an increase in phytoplankton biomass in the lower euphotic zone, there was no significant increase in total phytoplankton biomass across the entire euphotic zone. Cyclonic eddies in the subtropical North Pacific are projected to be becoming more frequent, implying that such dynamics could become increasingly important for regulating nutrient biogeochemistry and ultimately productivity of the region. Key Points Lower phosphate concentrations were observed above the nutricline within the eddy core in comparison to the edge Enhanced N2 fixation within the eddy core is proposed to have driven increased phosphate consumption No substantial total phytoplankton biomass increase was found within the eddy core
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    CO2-Speicherung im Meeresgebiet – Nutzungskonflikte und Einbeziehung in die Meeresraumplanung? (2024)
    GEOSTOR/BGR
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Bericht zum Fachworkshop des Forschungsverbundes GEOSTOR der Forschungsmission CDRmare am 11. Oktober 2023 im Geozentrum Hannover
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Demmin, Germany (October 2015) - an EnMAP Preparatory Flight Campaign (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset is composed of Hyspex (VNIR/SWIR) hyperspectral imagery acquired during airplane overflights on 01. Oktober, 2015 within the Demmin Research Area. The acquisition conditions were cloud free. The dataset includes two mosaics generated based on 9 HySpex flight lines. The dataset also includes Level 2A EnMAP-like imagery simulated using the end-to-end Simulation tool (EeteS). Additionally a soil database focussed on the soil organic carbon content (SOC) with geographic coordinates, texture and spectral information is included.
    Description: Methods
    Description: Nine flight stripes were acquired during an EnMAP GFZ/FUB flight campaign operated by the GFZ using the HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e (“HySpex, Norsk Elektro Optikk,” 2015) imaging spectrometers over the DEMMIN test field on 01 October 2015 (10:07-11:01 local time). Over the nine flight stripes, three are located in the Western part of the area over the village of Borrentin and Nossendorf, and six in the Eastern part of the area over the villages of Alt-Tellin, Jarmen and Sassen covering mainly agricultural fields (figure 1). For this campaign the HySpex imaging system was mounted on the Cessna 207T aircraft of the “Freie Universität Berlin” (FUB). The HySpex hyperspectral imaging system is based on two separated push-broom hyperspectral cameras HySpex VNIR-1600 and HySpex SWIR 320m-e which cover the wavelength domain from 0.4-1.0 µm and 1.0-2.5 µm respectively, with a spectral resolution of 3.7 nm (VNIR-1600) and 6.0 nm (SWIR-320m-e). Both sensors were flown with a field of view expander which results in field of view of 33.2° for the VNIR and 26.4° for the SWIR. The position and attitude of the airplane were measured with an AEROcontrol-IId inertial measurement unit (IMU) with available data rates of 256 Hz in combination with a Novatel OEM4 - g2 GPS receiver. The HySpex sensors (VNIR, SWIR) and DGPS/IMU sensors were arranged on an active stabilization platform (SM2000 ). The entire airborne campaign was conducted at a mean altitude of 2500m which results in a mean ground sampling distance (GSD) of 1.9 m for the VNIR and 3.8 m for the SWIR. After the preprocessing of the HySpex data (georectification, sensor co-registration, atmospheric correction, mosaicking) the hyperspectral data cube consists of a total of 408/390 bands resampled to 4m pixel resolution. The overflight encompassed an area of approximately 23000 ha.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Environmental Mapping and Analysis Program (EnMAP) is a German hyperspectral satellite mission that aims at monitoring and characterizing the Earth’s environment on a global scale. EnMAP serves to measure and model key dynamic processes of the Earth’s ecosystems by extract-ing geochemical, biochemical and biophysical parameters, which provide information on the status and evolution of various terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In the frame of the EnMAP preparatory phase, pre-flight campaigns including airborne and in-situ measurements in different environments and for several application fields are being conducted. The main purpose of these campaigns is to support the development of scientific applications for EnMAP. In addition, the acquired data are input in the EnMAP end-to-end simulation tool (EeteS) and are employed to test data pre-processing and calibration-validation methods. The campaign data are made freely available to the scientific community under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. An overview of all available data is provided in in the EnMAP Flight Campaigns Metadata Portal (http://www.enmap.org/?q=flights).
    Keywords: Hyperspectral Imagery ; Soil ; Landuse ; Agricultur ; agriculture 〉 agricultural method ; Earth Remote Sensing Instruments 〉 Passive Remote Sensing 〉 Spectrometers/Radiometers 〉 Hyperspectral Spectrometers/Radiometers ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 AGRICULTURE 〉 SOILS 〉 SOIL CHEMISTRY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 BIOSPHERE 〉 VEGETATION ; land 〉 world 〉 Europe 〉 Western Europe ; pedosphere 〉 soil
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  • 8
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    Exploring Geometric Deep Learning for Precipitation Nowcasting (2023)
    In:  IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium: Proceedings
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Precipitation nowcasting (up to a few hours) remains a challenge due to the highly complex local interactions that need to be captured accurately. Convolutional Neural Networks rely on convolutional kernels convolving with grid data and the extracted features are trapped by limited receptive field, typically expressed in excessively smooth output compared to ground truth. Thus they lack the capacity to model complex spatial relationships among the grids. Geometric deep learning aims to generalize neural network models to non-Euclidean domains. Such models are more flexible in defining nodes and edges and can effectively capture dynamic spatial relationship among geographical grids. Motivated by this, we explore a geometric deep learning-based temporal Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for precipitation nowcasting. The adjacency matrix that simulates the interactions among grid cells is learned automatically by minimizing the L1 loss between prediction and ground truth pixel value during the training procedure. Then, the spatial relationship is refined by GCN layers while the temporal information is extracted by 1D convolution with various kernel lengths. The neighboring information is fed as auxiliary input layers to improve the final result. We test the model on sequences of radar reflectivity maps over the Trento/Italy area. The results show that GCNs improves the effectiveness of modeling the local details of the cloud profile as well as the prediction accuracy by achieving decreased error measures.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 9
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    Heizkosten und Treibhausgasemissionen in Bestandswohngebäuden - Aktualisierung auf Basis der GEG-Novelle 2024 (2024)
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    In:  Ariadne-Analyse
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Die Entscheidung für den Austausch oder Ersatz eines Heizsystems ist eine, die für mehr als ein Jahrzehnt getroffen wird. Oftmals berücksichtigen Verbraucherinnen und Verbraucher dabei vor allem die einmal anfallende Einbau-Investition. Die Kosten über den gesamten Lebenszyklus sind deutlich schwerer zu ermitteln und unsicher, daher werden sie häufig zu wenig in die finanzielle Überlegung mit einbezogen. In einer neuen Analyse haben Ariadne-Forschende berechnet, wie hoch unterm Strich die Kosten für verschiedene Heiztechniken in bestehenden Wohngebäuden über einen Zeitraum von 20 Jahren angesichts zukünftiger Energieträgerpreise sowie der zu erwartenden CO2-Preisentwicklung sind.
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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  • 10
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    Limited progress in global reduction of vulnerability to flood impacts over the past two decades (2024)
    In:  Communications Earth and Environment
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Global flood impacts have risen in recent decades. While increasing exposure was the dominant driver of surging impacts, counteracting vulnerability reductions have been detected, but were too weak to reverse this trend. To assess the ongoing progress on vulnerability reduction, we combine a recently available dataset of flooded areas derived from satellite imagery for 913 events with four global disaster databases and socio-economic data. Event-specific flood vulnerabilities for assets, fatalities and displacements reveal a lack of progress in reducing global flood vulnerability from 2000—2018. We examine the relationship between vulnerabilities and human development, inequality, flood exposure and local structural characteristics. We find that vulnerability levels are significantly lower in areas with good structural characteristics and significantly higher in low developed areas. However, socio-economic development was insufficient to reduce vulnerabilities over the study period. Nevertheless, the strong correlation between vulnerability and structural characteristics suggests further potential for adaptation through vulnerability reduction.
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Deutschland auf dem Weg zur Klimaneutralität 2045 - Szenarien und Pfade im Modellvergleich (2021)
    Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
    In:  Ariadne-Report
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Language: German
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  • 12
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Osnovy kriogeneza litosfery (1993)
    Moskva : Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G3-96-0439 ; AWI G3-96-0439 (2. Ex.)
    Description / Table of Contents: The book deals with the influence of cryogenesis (a complex process of heating - cooling, freezing - thawing and accompanying phenomena) on earth surface and upper horizons transformation for the late Cenozoic period, and for the present time. The book summarizes the notions of geocryological zonality, altitudinal zonality and "sectorality" in formation of soil thermal regime, frozen strata and taliks distribution, season freezing and thawing, depending on geographical location of the territory and recent natural conditions. The book also gives an analyses of zonal and regional regularities in periglacial processes and phenomena distribution as well as formation of cryogenic composition for different syngenetic, epigenetic and taber soils and epigenetic frozen rocks. The influence of geothermal, geostructural, geomorphological and hydrogeological conditions, glaciation and deglaciation, Arctic seas transgressions and regressions on thickness, and composition of permafrost zone and its interaction with natural gas hydrates is analysed. The book describes major peculiarities of cryolitozone of platforms, mountain areas and Arctic submarine cryolithozone in connection with Pleistocene and Holocene paleogeography. The peculiarities of lithosphere cryogenesis are analysed mainly for northern Eurasia and partly for North America. The book is intended for students and professional geocryologists, engineering geologists, hydrogeologists, geographers and geoecologists as well as geologists dealing with oil and gas, miners, construction workers and those dealing with Northern and Eastern parts of Russia and Northern part of North America.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 334 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 521102379X , 5-211-02379-X
    Language: Russian
    Note: CONTENTS: Introduction. - I. GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT CRYOGENESIS OF LITHOSPHERE. - I.1. Concept of Lithosphere Cryogenesis and how the book is Structured. - I.2. Development of the Earth Lithosphere Cryogenesis. - I.3. Principle Stages of Development for Recent Permafrost. - II. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF SPREADING AND THERMAL REGIME FOR PERMAFROST, TALIKS, SEASONAL FREEZING AND THAWING OF SOILS. - II.l. The Role of Radiation, Climatic and Landscape Factors in the Formation of Thermal Regime for Earth Surface and Soils. - II.2. Causes and Features of Geocryological Latitudinal Zonality and "Sectorality". - II.3. Geocryological Altitudinal Zonality, Its Types and Peculiarities of Manifestation in Connection with Altitude and Geographical Location of Mountain Areas. - II.4. The Influence of Regional Factors on Distibution and Thermal Regime of Permafrost. - II.5. Regularities of Talik Distribution and Existence. - II.6. Principal Regularities of Seasonal Soil Freezing and Thawing. - Ill. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF PERIGLACIAL PROCESSES DEVELOPMENT AND SPREADING OF PERIGLACIAL PHENOMENA. - III.l. The Relations Between Periglacial Processes and Phenomena in the System of Cryogenesis. - III.2. Frost Weathering (Zonal and Regional Regularities) Phenomena of Frost Heaving and Its Regional and Zonal Location. - III.3 Regularities of recent spreading of frost heaving. Phenomena of frost heaving and its regional and zonal location. - III.4. Regularities of Frost Cracking and Polygonal-Wedge Structures Formation. - III.5. Spot Medallions and Cryoturbation. - III.6. Solifluction and Solifluction Phenomena. - III.7. Regularities of Kurum Spreading, Composition and Mobility. - III.8. Rock- Glaciers. Regularities of Formation and Distribution. - III.9. Thermocarst Phenomena. Regularities of Formation, Spreading and Mobility. - III.10. Thermoabrasion. Regularities of Spreading and Development. - III.11. Regularities of Icing and Icing Features Formation. - IV. ZONAL AND REGIONAL REGULARITIES OF SYNGENETIC AND EPIGENETIC PERMAFROST STRATA FORMATION. - IV.l. Syngenetic and Epigenetic Permafrost Strata. Their Role in Permafrost Zone Formation. - IV.2. Regional and Zonal Regularities of Syngenetic Perennially Frozen Deposits Formation. - IV.3. Regional and Zonal Regularities of Spreading and Cryogenetic Building of Epigenetic Perennially Frozen Soils. - IV.4. Epigenetic Frozen Rocks and Their Cryogenic Building in Massifs. - IV.5. Taber and Taberlike Deposits. - V. REGIONAL AND ZONAL REGULARITIES OF PERMAFROST BUILDING AND PERMAFROST THICKNESS FORMATION. - V.l. Method of Analysis for Regional and Zonal Features of Permafrost Building and Permafrost Thickness. - V.2. To the Question of Thermal Properties of Soils and Rocks in Massifs. - V.3. Regularities of Influence of Geostructural and Geothermal Conditions on Permafrost Thickness and Permafrost Building. - V.4. Influence of Geomorphology and Topography on Permafrost Thickness and Permafrost Building. - V.5. Influence of Ground Water on Permafrost Distribution, Building and Thickness. - V.6. Gases and Gas Hydrates in Aquasphere and Their Interaction with Permafrost. - V.7. Influence of Arctic Seas Transgression and Regression on Permafrost Building and Thickness. - V.8. Glaciation and Deglaciation. Their Relations and Interaction with Permafrost. - VI. BASIC FEATURES OF CRYGENESIS AND PECULIARITIES OF PLATFORM PERMAFROST. - VI.1. Main Geostructural Features of Platforms. Their influence on Permafrost Conditions. - VI.2. Relief and Late Cepozoic Deposits. Their Influence on Permafrost Conditions. - VI.3. Cryohydrogeological Features of Platforms. - VI.4. Zone of Gas Hydrate Formation of Oil and Gas regions in Permafrost Area. - VI.5. Natural History and Building of Platforms Permafrost. - VII. BASIC FEATURES OF CRYOGENESIS AND PECULIARITIES OF MOUNTAIN AREAS PERMAFROST. - VII.1. Main Geostructural Features of Mountain Areas. Their Influence on Permafrost Conditions. - VII.2. Reliefs and Late Cepozoic Deposits. Their Influence on Permafrost Conditions. - VII.3. Cryohydrogeological Features of Orogenic Areas. - VII.4. Natural History and Features of Mountain Areas Permafrost. - VIII. SUBSEA PERMAFROST OF ARCTIC BASIN. - VIII.1. Types of Offshore Permafrost in Arctic Basin. Hypothesis of Its Formation. - VIII.2. Regularities of Temperature Formation for Near Bottom Water and Deposits in Arctic Basin. - VIII.3. Thickness and Building of Subsea Permafrost. - Conclusion. - References. - Contents. , In kyrillischer Schrift , Inhaltsverzeichnis auch in englischer Sprache
    Location: AWI Reading room
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  • 13
    Unknown
    Introduction to modern climate change (2022)
    Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press
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    Keywords: Umweltpolitik ; Klimaschutz ; Anthropogene Klimaänderung ; Klimaschwankung ; Klimazeuge ; Klimaschutz ; Klimaänderung ; Klimatologie ; Umweltpolitik ; Klimaänderung ; Holozän ; Erwärmung ; Kohlenstoffkreislauf ; Treibhausgas
    Pages: xviii, 270 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten , 25 cm
    Edition: Third edition
    ISBN: 9781108793872 , 9781108840187
    URL: Inhaltsverzeichnis
    DOI: 10.1017/9781108879125
    Language: English
    Branch Library: PIK Library
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  • 14
    Monograph available for loan
    Monograph available for loan
    Sostojanie kriolitozony Igarskogo Rajona Enisejskogo Severa (1999)
    Jakutsk : Izdatel'stvo Instituta Merzlotovedenija SO RAN
    Details Availability
    Call number: AWI G3-24-95730
    Description / Table of Contents: Translation of abstract: Using the example of the Igarsky district of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, the work examines the development of modern geocryological conditions of the northern taiga subzone of the Yenisei Arctic, caused by the development of the territory and climate warming in recent decades. The scale and degree of changes in geocryological conditions in areas of azonal development of permafrost rocks, as well as on the route of the high-voltage line Kureyskaya HPP - Norilsk in the section from the river, have been revealed. Bol. Kozharki to the hall. The Whitefish Khantaisk Reservoir is about 250 km long. The genesis and development of thermokarst lakes, the formation of modern permafrost on the bottom of a partially drained lake, frost cracking and accumulation of modern epigenetic re-veined underground ice on coarse peat bogs, changes in permafrost conditions along the routes of the “dead” railway and the future Vankor-Igarka oil pipeline are considered. The book is intended for permafrost scientists, geographers and civil engineers.
    Description / Table of Contents: В работе на примере Игарского района Красноярского края рассматривается развитие современных геокриологических условий северо-таежной подзоны Енисейского Заполярья, обусловленное освоением территории и потеплением климата в последние десятилетия. Выявлены масштабы и степень изменений геокриологических условий в районах азонального развития многолетнемерзлых пород, а также на трассе высоковольтной линии Курейская ГЭС - Норильск на участке от р. Бол. Кожарки до зал. Сигового Хантайского водохранилища протяженностью около 250 км. Рассмотрены генезис и развитие термокарстовых озер, формирование современной мерзлоты на дне частично осушенного озера, морозобойное растрескивание и накопление современных эпигенетических повторно-жильных подземных льдов на крупнобугристых торфяниках, изменение мерзлотных условий на трассах "мертвой" железной дороги и будущего нефтепровода Ванкор - Игарка. Книга предназначена для мерзлотоведов, географов и инженеров-строителей.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 89 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISBN: 5932540036 , 5-93254-003-6
    Language: Russian
    Note: Translation of Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION Chapter 1. REVIEW OF GEOCRYOLOGICAL RESEARCH Chapter 2. NATURAL CONDITIONS Chapter 3. GENERAL GEOCRYOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LANDSCAPE ZONING OF THE REGION Chapter 4. CONDITION OF PERMAFROST ROCKS ALONG THE ROUTE OF POWER LINES SVETLOGORSK - IGARKA - SNEZHNOGORSK 4.1. Forested areas 4.2. Treeless areas 4.3. Areas with close rock formations 4.4. Talik areas in the hall. Sigovom Khantaiskoe Reservoir Chapter 5. PERMAFROST ROCKS OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT BANK OF THE YENISEY RIVER NEAR THE CITY OF IGARKA Chapter 6. CHANGES IN GEOCRYOLOGICAL CONDITIONS ON THE “DEAD” RAILROAD ROUTE Chapter 7. FORMATION OF PERMAFROST ROCKS AT THE BOTTOM OF A DRY LAKE. PIKE Chapter 8. GENESIS AND DYNAMICS OF DEVELOPMENT OF ICE MOUNTAIN Chapter 9. TERMOKARST IN THE YENISEI NORTH CONCLUSION LITERATURE , ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ ВВЕДЕНИЕ Глава 1. ОБЗОР ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ Глава 2. ПРИРОДНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ Глава 3. ОБЩАЯ ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА И ЛАНДШАФТНОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ РЕГОИНА Глава 4. СОСТОЯНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ПОРОД ПО ТРАССЕ ЛЭП СВЕТЛОГОРСК - ИГАРКА - СНЕЖНОГОРСК 4.1. Залесенные участки 4.2. Безлесные участки 4.3. Участки с близким залеганием скальных пород 4.4. Таликовые участки в зал. Сиговом Хантайскоrо водохранилища Глава 5. МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫЕ ПОРОДЫ ЛЕВО- И ПРАВОБЕРЬЯ Р. ЕНИСЕЯ БЛИЗ Г. ИГАРКИ Глава 6. ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГЕОКРИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЙ НА ТРАССЕ "МЕРТВОЙ" ЖЕЛЕЗНОЙ ДОРОГИ Глава 7. ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ПОРОД НА ДНЕ ОСУШЕННОГО ОЗ. ЩУЧЬЕГО Глава 8. ГЕНЕЗИС И ДИНАМИКА РАЗВИТИЯ ЛЕДЯНОЙ ГОРЫ Глава 9. ТЕРМОКАРСТ НА ЕНИСЕЙСКОМ СЕВЕРЕ ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ ЛИТЕРАТУРА , In kyrillischer Schrift
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    Data Science Symposium 9, Book of Abstracts (2024)
    ZENODO
    In:  EPIC3ZENODO
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The 9th Data Science Symposium was in Bremen, 4.-5. May 2024
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Other , notRev
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    Methane pathways in winter ice of a thermokarst lake–lagoon–coastal water transect in north Siberia (2021)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus, 15(3), pp. 1607-1625, ISSN: 1994-0416
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The thermokarst lakes of permafrost regions play a major role in the global carbon cycle. These lakes are sources of methane to the atmosphere although the methane flux is restricted by an ice cover for most of the year. How methane concentrations and fluxes in these waters are affected by the presence of an ice cover is poorly understood. To relate water body morphology, ice formation and methane to each other, we studied the ice of three different water bodies in locations typical of the transition of permafrost from land to ocean in a continuous permafrost coastal region in Siberia. In total, 11 ice cores were analyzed as records of the freezing process and methane composition during the winter season. The three water bodies differed in terms of connectivity to the sea, which affected fall freezing. The first was a bay underlain by submarine permafrost (Tiksi Bay, BY), the second a shallow thermokarst lagoon cut off from the sea in winter (Polar Fox Lagoon, LG) and the third a land-locked freshwater thermokarst lake (Goltsovoye Lake, LK). Ice on all water bodies was mostly methane-supersaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibrium concentration, except for three cores from the isolated lake. In the isolated thermokarst lake, ebullition from actively thawing basin slopes resulted in the localized integration of methane into winter ice. Stable δ13C-CH4 isotope signatures indicated that methane in the lagoon ice was oxidized to concentrations close to or below the calculated atmospheric equilibrium concentration. Increasing salinity during winter freezing led to a micro-environment on the lower ice surface where methane oxidation occurred and the lagoon ice functioned as a methane sink. In contrast, the ice of the coastal marine environment was slightly supersaturated with methane, consistent with the brackish water below. Our interdisciplinary process study shows how water body morphology affects ice formation which mitigates methane fluxes to the atmosphere.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    Extensive palaeo-surfaces beneath the Evans–Rutford region of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet control modern and past ice flow (2024)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus Publications, 18(5), pp. 2277-2296, ISSN: 1994-0416
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The subglacial landscape of Antarctica records and influences the behaviour of its overlying ice sheet. However, in many places, the evolution of the landscape and its control on ice sheet behaviour have not been investigated in detail. Using recently released radio-echo sounding data, we investigate the subglacial landscape of the Evans–Rutford region of West Antarctica. Following quantitative analysis of the landscape morphology under ice-loaded and ice-unloaded conditions, we identify 10 flat surfaces distributed across the region. Across these 10 surfaces, we identify two distinct populations based on clustering of elevations, which potentially represent remnants of regionally coherent pre-glacial surfaces underlying the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). The surfaces are bounded by deeply incised glacial troughs, some of which have potential tectonic controls. We assess two hypotheses for the evolution of the regional landscape: (1) passive-margin evolution associated with the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent or (2) an extensive planation surface that may have been uplifted in association with either the West Antarctic Rift System or cessation of subduction at the base of the Antarctic Peninsula. We suggest that passive-margin evolution is the most likely of these two mechanisms, with the erosion of glacial troughs adjacent to, and incising, the flat surfaces likely having coincided with the growth of the WAIS. These flat surfaces also demonstrate similarities to other identified surfaces, indicating that a similar formational process may have been acting more widely around the Weddell Sea embayment. The subsequent fluctuations of ice flow, basal thermal regime, and erosion patterns of the WAIS are therefore controlled by the regional tectonic structures.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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    New records of rare water mites from New Zealand, with the description of a new genus (Acari: Hydrachnidia) (2024)
    Les Amis d'Acarologia
    In:  Acarologia vol. 64 no. 2, pp. 602-611
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: New records of rare water mites mostly from interstitial habitat of New Zealand are presented. One new genus, Zelandostygolimnochares n. gen. (Piersigiidae) with the type species Z. curtipalpis n. sp. is described. Zelandobates occidentalis Smit & Pešić, 2020 is synonymized with Z. tongariro Smit & Pešić, 2020. The male is for the first time described for Zelandotonia orion Cook, 1992, and the female is for the first time described for Aciculacarus amalis Cook, 1983. New records of a number of rare species are presented.
    Keywords: new species; taxonomy; hyporheic mites; new records; New Zealand
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Salvation and documentation: additional (probable) type material of South American land-snail species (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora) in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (2024)
    Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland
    In:  Journal of Conchology vol. 45 no. 1, pp. 1-14
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Type material of some South American species in the Museum für Naturkunde Berlin, belonging to different families is documented. It includes 16 species: Bulimus cuneus L. Pfeiffer, 1854, Bulimus proteus Broderip, 1832, Bulimus scalarioides L. Pfeiffer, 1867, Bulimus similaris J. Moricand, 1856, Andinia (Ehrmanniella) dedicata Weyrauch & Zilch, 1954, Helix hettneriana E. von Martens, 1897, Eurycampta hidalgonis Döring, 1877, Helix aequatoris L. Pfeiffer, 1860, Helix bituberculata L. Pfeiffer, 1853, Helix bourcieri L. Pfeiffer, 1853, Helix neogranadensis L. Pfeiffer, 1845, Cyclostoma (Cyclophorus) bourcieri L. Pfeiffer, 1854, and Helix platygyra Albers, 1857. The concept of the “salvation” of type material is explained.
    Keywords: Achatinidae ; Bulimulidae ; Clausiliidae ; Epiphragmophoridae ; Labyrinthidae ; Neocyclotidae ; Scolodontidae
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    A Miocene sperm whale (Cetacea, Physeteroidea) tooth from Liessel (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands) (2024)
    Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    In:  Geologie en Mijnbouw vol. 103 no. e10
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Here we report a well-preserved isolated physeteroid tooth of Late Miocene age from Liessel, the Netherlands. The presence of several morphological features allows attribution to the macroraptorial physeteroids. Size and morphology are to some extent comparable to Zygophyseter and almost identical to the primarily tooth-based Tortonian taxon Scaldicetus caretti. However, the genus Scaldicetus was declared unutilizable, which is supported here with an overview of modern classifications of Scaldicetus species and specimens. Despite the restrictions, the type species S. caretti is still valid, although the name is to be restricted to the type material. Based on its morphological resemblance, the tooth is identified as Physeteroidea indet. cf. Scaldicetus caretti.
    Keywords: Late Miocene ; macroraptorial physeteroid ; Scaldicetus caretti ; Zygophyseter
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    Revision of the genera of Scolodontidae, part 1: disentangling Happia Bourguignat, 1890 from Austroselenites Kobelt, 1905, Drepanostomella Bourguignat, 1890, Hirtudiscus Hylton Scott, 1973, Luteostriatella gen. nov., and Systrophiella H.B. Baker, 1925 (2024)
    Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland
    In:  Journal of Conchology vol. 45 no. 1, pp. 91-110
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Currently there are several problems with the genus-level taxa within the Scolodontidae. Multiple type-species designations have been proposed for some genera, type species are poorly described, and in some cases no clear decisions have been made in cases of homonymy or synonymy. This has resulted in wrongly identified species and genera within this group, which, among other problems, hinders the discovery and description of new species as well as the identification of known species. This paper is the first in a series in which all scolodontid genera will be redescribed based on type materials, starting with Happia Bourguignat, 1890 and its allies. Nomenclatural issues are resolved where possible. One new genus and a new species are described: Luteostriatella gen. nov. and Austroselenites pichinchense sp. nov. The following new combinations are made: Happia andia (Pilsbry, 1932) comb. nov., Systrophiella altivaga (Crawford, 1939) comb. nov., Systrophiella cayennensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1842) comb. nov., Systrophiella pygmea (Spix in Spix & Wagner, 1827) comb. nov., Systrophiella snethlagei (F. Baker, 1913) comb. nov., Systrophiella vitrina ( J.A. Wagner in Spix & Wagner, 1827) comb. nov., and Luteostriatella variegata (F. Haas, 1949) comb. nov.
    Keywords: Neotropics ; South America ; Mollusca ; Gastropoda ; Eupulmonata ; Scolodontina
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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  • 22
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    A Collagen10a1 mutation disrupts cell polarity in a medaka model for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (2024)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  iScience vol. 27 no. 109405
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 lead to metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a skeletal disorder characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Prior analysis revealed impaired trimerization and intracellular retention of mutant collagen type X alpha 1 chains as cause for elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, how ER stress translates into structural defects remained unclear. We generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) MCDS model harboring a 5 base pair deletion in col10a1, which led to a frameshift and disruption of 11 amino acids in the conserved trimerization domain. col10a1D633a heterozygotes recapitulated key features of MCDS and revealed early cell polarity defects as cause for dysregulated matrix secretion and deformed skeletal structures. Carbamazepine, an ER stress -reducing drug, rescued this polarity impairment and alleviated skeletal defects in col10a1D633a heterozygotes. Our data imply cell polarity dysregulation as a potential contributor to MCDS and suggest the col10a1D633a medaka mutant as an attractive MCDS animal model for drug screening.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
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    High-resolution 3D simulations of continental extension (2018)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Numerical modelling of mantle exhumation in inverted rift systems (2023)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Language: English
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    Numerical models simulating mantle exhumation in (inverted) rifts (2023)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Language: English
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    Why does Victoria rotate? The controls of preexisting lithospheric heterogeneities on microplate rotation, tectonic regime and the stress fieldin the East African Rift System. (2019)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 21, EGU2019-4897-1, 2019
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    Numerically modelling the controls of crustal strength on microplate formation: application to the São Paulo Plateau microplate (2019)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts
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  • 28
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    3D numerical simulations of multiphase continental rifting (2017)
    In:  Abstracts
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    The Mekong River Basin : Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The Mekong River Basin: Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast, Volume Three presents real facts, data and predictions for quantifying human-induced changes throughout the Mekong watershed, including its estuaries and coasts, and proposes solutions to decrease or mitigate the negative effect and enable sustainable development. This is the first work to link socio–ecological interaction study over the whole Mekong River basin through the lens of ecohydrology. Each chapter is written by a leading expert, with coverage on climate change, groundwater, land use, flooding drought, biodiversity and anthropological issues. Human activities are enormous in the whole watershed and are still increasing throughout the catchment, with severe negative impacts on natural resources are emerging. Among these activities, hydropower dams, especially a series of 11 dams in China, are the most critical as they generate massive changes throughout the system, including in the delta and to the livelihoods of millions of people and they threaten sustainability.
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    Crustal flow driving twin domes exhumation and low-angle normal faulting in the Menderes Massif of western Anatolia (2023)
    In:  Earth and Planetary Science Letters
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Lower crustal flow in regions of post-orogenic extension has been inferred to explain the exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and associated low-angle normal (detachment) fault systems. However, the origin of detachment faults, whether initially formed as high-angle or low-angle shear zones, and the extension is symmetric or asymmetric remains enigmatic. Here, we use numerical modeling constrained by geophysical and geological data to show that symmetric extension in the central Menderes Massif of western Anatolia is accommodated by the crustal flow. Our geodynamic model explains how opposite dipping Gediz and Büyük Menderes detachment faults are formed by ∼40° footwall rotation. Model predictions agree with seismic tomography data that suggests updoming of lower crust beneath the exhumed massifs, represented as “twin domes” and a flat Moho. Our work helps to account for the genetic relation between the exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and low-angle normal faulting in both Cordillera and Aegean orogenic regions and has important implications on crustal dynamics in extensional provinces.
    Language: English
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    Natural H2 potential in rift-inversion orogens (2023)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Small Scale Flow Induced Azimuthal Seismic Anisotropy beneath Madagascar: Implications for Rheology (2018)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Interplanetary Magnetic Field By Effects on the Strength and Latitude of Field‐Aligned Currents in Different Magnetic Local Time Sectors (2024)
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: In this work, IMF By effects on field-aligned currents (FACs) are examined in different local time sectors, seasons, and hemispheres. At dusk and 09–14 MLT, when the eastward polar electrojet (PEJ) prevails, the northern FACp (poleward side FACs) are stronger when IMF By 〈 0 than when IMF By 〉 0. Conversely, at dawn, 21–02 MLT, and 09–14 MLT with westward PEJ, the northern FACp are stronger with IMF By 〉 0 compared to IMF By 〈 0. The southern FACp shows a reversed relationship with IMF By direction. The dependence of FACe (equatorward side FACs) on IMF By is weaker, except for the midday FACe, which shows opposite variations with respect to IMF By when compared to FACp. Stronger IMF By effect is observed in local summer in most of local times. The northern FACs are located at higher latitude for IMF By 〉 0 than for IMF By 〈 0 in local times with eastward PEJ, while the opposite trend is observed in other local times and in the Southern Hemisphere. The hemispheric difference in the peak latitude of FACs demonstrates an inverse relationship with its intensity, with stronger FACs located at lower latitudes. Overall, the local time and hemispheric differences in FACs strength and latitude are discussed in the context of interhemispheric field-aligned currents linked to IMF By.
    Language: English
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    Rift-induced disruption of cratonic keels drives kimberlite volcanism (2023)
    In:  Nature
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Kimberlites are volatile-rich, occasionally diamond-bearing magmas that have erupted explosively at Earth’s surface in the geologic past1,2,3. These enigmatic magmas, originating from depths exceeding 150 km in Earth’s mantle1, occur in stable cratons and in pulses broadly synchronous with supercontinent cyclicity4. Whether their mobilization is driven by mantle plumes5 or by mechanical weakening of cratonic lithosphere4,6 remains unclear. Here we show that most kimberlites spanning the past billion years erupted about 30 million years (Myr) after continental breakup, suggesting an association with rifting processes. Our dynamical and analytical models show that physically steep lithosphere–asthenosphere boundaries (LABs) formed during rifting generate convective instabilities in the asthenosphere that slowly migrate many hundreds to thousands of kilometres inboard of rift zones. These instabilities endure many tens of millions of years after continental breakup and destabilize the basal tens of kilometres of the cratonic lithosphere, or keel. Displaced keel is replaced by a hot, upwelling mixture of asthenosphere and recycled volatile-rich keel in the return flow, causing decompressional partial melting. Our calculations show that this process can generate small-volume, low-degree, volatile-rich melts, closely matching the characteristics expected of kimberlites1,2,3. Together, these results provide a quantitative and mechanistic link between kimberlite episodicity and supercontinent cycles through progressive disruption of cratonic keels.
    Language: English
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    Is there a speed limit for the thermal steady-state assumption in continental rifts? 2019 (2019)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts
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    On the impact of soil texture on local scale organic carbon quantification: From airborne to spaceborne sensing domains (2024)
    In:  Soil and Tillage Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Soil organic carbon (SOC) distribution and interaction with light is influenced by soil texture parameters (clay, silt and sand), which makes SOC prediction complicated, especially in samples with considerable pedological variability. Hence, understanding the relationship between SOC and soil texture is important within the context of SOC prediction using remote sensing data. The main objective of this study was to find the impact of soil texture on the performance of local SOC prediction models that were developed on Sentinel-2 (S2) multispectral and CASI/SASI (CS) hyperspectral airborne data as the main predictor variables. One approach to that objective was to lowering the texture variance by stratification of the samples. Therefore, soil samples collected from four agricultural sites in the Czech Republic were segregated based on the i) site-based and ii) texture-based stratification strategies. Random forest (RF) models were then developed on all stratified classes with and without considering the soil texture parameters as predictor variables and results were compared with those obtained by the RF models developed on the non-stratified (NS) samples. Both stratification strategies provided more homogeneous classes, which enhanced the accuracy of SOC prediction, compared to using the NS samples. In addition, the texture-based RF models yielded higher accuracy predictions than the site-based ones. Except sand, adding texture parameters to the main predictors improved accuracy of the models, so that the highest prediction performance was obtained by a texture-based model developed on clay added CS data. Overall, texture-based stratification could significantly enhance the SOC prediction, when the texture parameters were added to the S2 and CS data as the main predictor variables.
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    Provenance of aeolian sands from the southeastern Sahara from a detrital zircon perspective (2024)
    In:  Quaternary Science Reviews
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Sahara sands have been proposed to result from the extensive and repetitive recycling of much older sedimentary rocks -- a necessary mechanism to explain their petrographic maturity and the similarity of their detrital zircon populations at continental scale. Where and how this recycling occurs today remain poorly understood. This study investigates the source of modern sands from the southeastern Sahara by leveraging on a large (n 〉 7800) new dataset of detrital zircon ages from source rocks, modern and ancient dune fields in Chad and Cameroon. We show that zircon age populations show noticeable regional differences when analyzing a large n amount of ages, questioning the similarity of detrital zircon populations in Saharan sands. Dune fields from the driest parts of our sampling area have distinct age distributions that imply discrete sources with differences in bedrock zircon age populations at regional (several 100 km) scale. In the wetter, Sahelian part of our sampling area, the zircon age distribution of dune fields is best-explained by a significant contribution of recent alluvium from local wadis and rivers to the aeolian sedimentary budget. The origin of aeolian sands in the southeastern Sahara is thus local and polygenetic. Recycling of older sedimentary rocks via physical abrasion is only prominent in the driest parts of our sampling area and does not result in the homogenization of Saharan sands.
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    Empirical tsunami fragility modelling for hierarchical damage levels (2023)
    In:  Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences (NHESS)
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The present work proposes a simulation-based Bayesian method for parameter estimation and fragility model selection for mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) damage states. This method uses an adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) based on likelihood estimation using point-wise intensity values. It identifies the simplest model that fits the data best, among the set of viable fragility models considered. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for empirical fragility assessments for two different tsunami events and different classes of buildings with varying numbers of observed damage and flow depth data pairs. As case studies, observed pairs of data for flow depth and the corresponding damage level from the South Pacific tsunami on 29 September 2009 and the Sulawesi–Palu tsunami on 28 September 2018 are used. Damage data related to a total of five different building classes are analysed. It is shown that the proposed methodology is stable and efficient for data sets with a very low number of damage versus intensity data pairs and cases in which observed data are missing for some of the damage levels.
    Language: English
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    Saltwater intrusion in the Mekong Delta (2024)
    In:  The Mekong River Basin
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The Mekong Delta is affected by annual seasonal salinity intrusion in December–May. In this season, the discharge of the Mekong is low, and high tidal water levels cause a deep intrusion of saline water. Critical salt concentrations can be observed 50–80 km deep during high tides. These high salt concentrations cause severe problems in terms of fresh irrigation and drinking water. A quantitative knowledge of the current and likely future salinity intrusion is thus urgently required to develop adaptation plans and mitigation measures. This chapter quantifies the current salinity intrusion in the Mekong Delta, as well as a model-based estimation of the possible future salinity intrusion. The different factors affecting salinity intrusion—changing river discharge by climate change and dam development, changes in effective tidal water levels, changing ocean salinity—and their impacts are quantified by hydraulic modeling. Based on the modeling results, recommendations for future planning are derived.
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    Can eXplainable AI Offer a New Perspective for Groundwater Recharge Estimation?—Global‐Scale Modeling Using Neural Network (2024)
    In:  Water Resources Research
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Due to the difficulties in estimating groundwater recharge and cross-boundary nature of many aquifers, estimating groundwater recharge at large scale has been called upon. Process-based models as well as data-driven models have been established to meet this need. Meanwhile, with the advent of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods, data-driven machine learning models can take advantage of enhanced explainability while keeping the strength of high flexibility. In this study, an ensemble neural network model was built to check the suitability of the model to predict groundwater recharge and the possibility to gain new insights from large data set. Recent large inputs of groundwater recharge data and additional input for the Arabian Peninsula collated in this study were fed to the model with multiple predictors related to climatology considering seasonality, soil and plant characteristics, topography, and hydrogeology. The model showed higher performance (adjusted R2: 0.702, RMSE: 193.35 mm yr−1) than a recent global process-based model in predicting groundwater recharge. Using XAI methods as individual conditional expectations and Shapley Additive Explanation interaction values, the model behavior was analyzed and possible linear and non-linear relationships between the predictors and the groundwater recharge rate were found. Long-term averaged precipitation and enhanced vegetation index showed non-linear relationships with groundwater recharge rate, while slope, compound topographic index, and water table depth showed low importance to the model results. Most model behaviors followed the domain knowledge, while multi-correlation between predictors and data skewness hindered the model from learning.
    Language: English
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    Viscoelastic Crustal Deformation Computation Method with Reduced Random Memory Accesses for GPU-Based Computers (2018)
    In:  Computational Science – ICCS 2018 | Lecture Notes in Computer Science
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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    3D Numerical Rift Modeling with Application to the East African Rift System (2017)
    In:  Abstracts
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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    Controls on Asymetric Rift Evolution: Geodynamic Modeling of the East African System (2018)
    In:  Proceedings
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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    The Global DAS Month of February 2023 (2024)
    In:  Seismological Research Letters
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: During February 2023, a total of 32 individual distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) systems acted jointly as a global seismic monitoring network. The aim of this Global DAS Month campaign was to coordinate a diverse network of organizations, instruments, and file formats to gain knowledge and move toward the next generation of earthquake monitoring networks. During this campaign, 156 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or larger were reported by the U.S. Geological Survey and contributors shared data for 60 min after each event’s origin time. Participating systems represent a variety of manufacturers, a range of recording parameters, and varying cable emplacement settings (e.g., shallow burial, borehole, subaqueous, and dark fiber). Monitored cable lengths vary between 152 and 120,129 m, with channel spacing between 1 and 49 m. The data has a total size of 6.8 TB, and are available for free download. Organizing and executing the Global DAS Month has produced a unique dataset for further exploration and highlighted areas of further development for the seismological community to address.
    Language: English
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    A Novel Local‐Inertial Formulation Representing Subgrid Scale Topographic Effects for Urban Flood Simulation (2024)
    In:  Water Resources Research
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The local-inertial approximations of the shallow water equations (SWEs) have been used for flood forecasting at larger spatial scales owing to the improved computational efficiency and similar accuracy compared to the full 2D SWEs. With the availability of high-resolution elevation data, the complex terrain of urban areas with various small-scale features is represented well. Even for a local-inertial model, utilizing such high-resolution elevation data in flood simulations of urbanized areas increases the computational cost. A subgrid-based local-inertial formulation that permits large numerical grid size for computations while preserving the within-grid topography is proposed to circumvent this. The subgrid topography can be incorporated into the coarse numerical grid computations by estimating the hydraulic properties, namely, volume and face area, based on water surface elevation variations of the associated high-resolution terrain. The pre-stored hydraulic properties are then used to dynamically update the hydraulic variables during the execution of the local-inertial model. Idealized and real-world test cases were simulated to illustrate the advantages of the proposed model. The proposed subgrid model performs better in capturing flood depth around subgrid-scale features such as streets, highways, minor canals, etc., than the simple grid-averaged local-inertial models of the same grid size. The proposed model is faster than the existing local-inertial model (e.g., LISFLOOD-FP) (∼21–34 times) and the full 2D model (e.g., HEC-RAS 2D) (∼361–660 times) of similar accuracy in the slow-rising flood applications. Thus, the subgrid local-inertial model holds promise in real-time flood inundation forecasting, resolving smaller urban features.
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    Formation of continental microplates through rift linkage: Numerical modelling and its application to the Flemish Cap and Sao Paulo Plateau (2021)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: Continental microplates are enigmatic plate boundary features, which can occur in extensional and compressional regimes. Here we focus on microplate formation and their temporal evolution in continental rift settings. To this aim, we employ the geodynamic finite element software ASPECT to conduct 3D lithospheric‐scale numerical models from rift inception to continental breakup. We find that depending on the strike‐perpendicular offset and crustal strength, rift segments connect or interact through one of four regimes: (1) an oblique rift, (2) a transform fault, (3) a rotating continental microplate or (4) a rift jump. We highlight that rotating microplates form at offsets 〉200 km in weak to moderately strong crustal setups. We describe the dynamics of microplate evolution from initial rift propagation, to segment overlap, vertical‐axis rotation, and eventually continental breakup. These models may explain microplate size and kinematics of the Flemish Cap, the Sao Paulo Plateau and other continental microplates that formed during continental rifting worldwide.
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    Is there a Speed Limit for the Thermal Steady‐State Assumption in Continental Rifts? (2021)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The lithosphere is often assumed to reside in a thermal steady‐state when quantitatively describing the temperature distribution in continental interiors and sedimentary basins, but also at active plate boundaries. Here, we investigate the applicability limit of this assumption at slowly deforming continental rifts. To this aim, we assess the tectonic thermal imprint in numerical experiments that cover a range of realistic rift configurations. For each model scenario, the deviation from thermal equilibrium is evaluated. This is done by comparing the transient temperature field of every model to a corresponding steady‐state model with identical structural configuration. We find that the validity of the thermal steady‐state assumption strongly depends on rift type, divergence velocity, sample location and depth within the rift. Maximum differences between transient and steady‐state models occur in narrow rifts, at the rift sides, and if the extension rate exceeds 0.5‐2 mm/a. Wide rifts, however, reside close to thermal steady‐state even for high extension velocities. The transient imprint of rifting appears to be overall negligible for shallow isotherms with a temperature less than 100°C. Contrarily, a steady‐state treatment of deep crustal isotherms leads to underestimation of crustal temperatures, especially for narrow rift settings. Thus, not only relatively fast rifts like the Gulf of Corinth, Red Sea, and Main Ethiopian Rift, but even slow rifts like the Kenya Rift, Rhine Graben, and Rio Grande Rift must be expected to feature a pronounced transient component in the temperature field and to therefore violate the thermal steady‐state assumption for deeper crustal isotherms.
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    Mechanism for deep crustal seismicity: Insight from modeling of deformation process at the Main Ethiopian Rift (2020)
    In:  Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems (G3)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: We combine numerical modeling of lithospheric extension with analysis of seismic moment release and earthquake b‐value in order to elucidate the mechanism for deep crustal seismicity and seismic swarms in the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER). We run 2D numerical simulations of lithospheric deformation calibrated by appropriate rheology and extensional history of the MER to simulate migration of deformation from mid‐Miocene border faults to ~30 km wide zone of Pliocene to recent rift floor faults. While the highest strain rate is localized in a narrow zone within the rift axis, brittle strain has been accumulated in a wide region of the rift. The magnitude of deviatoric stress shows strong variation with depth. The uppermost crust deforms with maximum stress of 80 MPa, at 8‐14 km depth stress sharply decreases to 10 MPa and then increases to a maximum of 160 MPa at ~18 km depth. These 2 peaks at which the crust deforms with maximum stress of 80 MPa or above correspond to peaks in the seismic moment release. Correspondingly, the drop in stress at 8‐14 km correlates to a low in seismic moment release. At this depth range, the crust is weaker and deformation is mainly accommodated in a ductile manner. We therefore see a good correlation between depths at which the crust is strong and elevated seismic deformation, while regions where the crust is weaker deform more aseismically. Overall the bimodal depth distribution of seismic moment release is best explained by rheology of the deforming crust.
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    Nonlinear viscoplasticity in ASPECT: benchmarking and applications to subduction (2018)
    In:  Solid Earth
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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    What caused the development of low angle detachment faults in western Anatolia? (2019)
    In:  Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 21, EGU2019-1399-1, 2019
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    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
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