ALBERT

Description: De hier besproken soorten zijn alle nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna in zoverre, dat zij niet vermeld staan in de Catalogus Aranearum van VAN HASSELT. De collectie van deze araneoloog bevindt zich in het Rijksmuseum voor Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden en wordt daar momenteel gerevideerd, waarna een nieuwe naamlijst van Nederlandse spinnen zal worden samengesteld. In deze bijdrage wordt geen poging gedaan de twijfelachtige synoniemie van de Catalogus op te helderen, hetgeen zeker nog menige nieuwe soort voor ons land zal opleveren. Zij is slechts een tussentijds resultaat van het bewerken van de eigen collectie en van materiaal, dat mij van verschillende zijden ter bewerking werd toevertrouwd.\nDe gebruikte systematische indeling en de soortnamen zijn in hoofdzaak die uit de Katalog der Araneae Bd. I van ROEWER, waarbij echter enkele correcties op grond van nieuwere onderzoekingen werden aangebracht. Ook ben ik er toe overgegaan de namen van CLERCK te gebruiken.

Description: Weinig onderzoekingen hebben in zo wijde kring bekendheid verworven als die van onze landgenoot JAN SWAMMERDAM, die in zijn ,Ephemeri vita\xe2\x80\x99 (1675) en later in de ,Bybel der Natuur of Historie der insekten\xe2\x80\x99 (1737) de ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis beschreef van het beroemd geworden Oever-aas, Palingenia longicauda (Oliv.), de grootste palaearctische Ephemeride.\nDit allermerkwaardigst insect, dat \xe2\x80\x94 het zij terloops opgemerkt \xe2\x80\x94 reeds in 1634 door de Amsterdamse medicus AUGERIUS CLUTIUS was beschreven en afgebeeld \xc2\xb9), moet destijds in ons land alom de aandacht hebben getrokken wegens zijn massaal optreden gedurende een aantal warme dagen omstreeks het midden van de maand Juni. In Nederland echter is dit grote haft vermoedelijk reeds tegen het eind van de vorige eeuw uitgestorven. Thans leeft het nog in het stroomgebied der grote rivieren van Midden- en Oost-Europa (Oder, Weichsel en Wolga).

Description: Lower-Villafranchian landmammals lived in the South of the Netherlands when the coastline of the North Sea retired in northern direction during the Plio-Pleistocene transition period. In the province of Zealand their black remains have been fished out of the waters of the Scheldt in the depth of which littoral Poederlian deposits (Amstelian deposits are missing there in Zealand) occur and are eroded by the currents. Also borings in the provinces of Limburg and Guelderland have yielded black fossils of this fauna of which the following species could be stated in the Netherlands: Eucladoceros falconeri (Dawk.), Odobenus huxleyi (Lank.), Alachtherium spec., Anancus arvernensis (Croiz. et Job.), Archidiskodon planifrons (Falc. & Caut.), Gazella schreuderae Hooijer and Mustela erminea L. This Lower-Villafranchian fauna occurs also in the Red Crag of East-Anglia, in Pi\xc3\xa9mont (Villafranca) and in Auvergne (Perrier, etc.).\nThis fauna lived in the south of the Netherlands in the forests and along the coast of the North Sea which then was a deep quiet bay covering a strip of East-Anglia, te larger portion of the Netherlands and a small portion of Belgium along the Belgian-Dutch frontier from the North Sea coast to the east in the direction of the Meuse near Venlo. South of this coast-line a broad communication between England and the continent caused the identity of their mammals in that period.

Description: It is for me a pleasure to contribute the following descriptions of chosen rarities to the Jubilary Volume in honour of the highly esteemed Prof. Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORT and Prof. Dr. J. E. W. IHLE, of the University of Amsterdam.\nI wish to express my gratitude to Dr. J. WILCKE, Wageningen, and to Mr. W. F. BREURKEN, Amsterdam, for the execution of the drawings.

Description: The most recent comprehensive treatment of this Indo-Pacific genus \xc2\xb9) is that of TESCH (1918, p. 78-82). Here seven species are recognised with the reservation that M. eydouxi H. Milne Edwards and M. thukuhar (Owen) are possibly not distinct.\nIn 1936 (TWEEDIE 1936, p. 49) I questioned the validity of the character used to separate M. latifrons (White) and M. maculatus H. M.-E., the relation of carapace length and breadth, and placed maculatus in the synonymy of latifrons.

Description: If you ask the layman: \xe2\x80\x9cWhat is a museum?\xe2\x80\x9d, he will answer. \xe2\x80\x9cA museum is a display of objects, that have an aesthetic value or scientific interest; the scope of a museum is to improve the taste of the visitor, is to give him, by visual means, aesthetic or intellectual enjoyment, to satisfy his curiosity, to show him the true and real things (a classic sculpture, an Indian weapon or a deepsea fish) instead of a documentary film, a radio report, or the descriptions and pictures in his books and magazines.\xe2\x80\x9d If an architect is in charge of designing a museum, he will see to it that the wallcases and the free-standing objects receive the right light and that the public and the conditioned air can circulate freely. He will design an entrance hall, an exhibition gallery, a director\xe2\x80\x99s room, and, perhaps, in the basement or on the top-floor a store-room for articles not on display \xc2\xb9).

Description: Our knowledge concerning the periodical movements in animals called migrations is chiefly based on observations on birds. By and by, however, a number of facts concerning migration in other animal groups have been assembled and it seems worth while to compare them with those known for birds. There is the more reason to do so here, because the victim of this jubilee is interested in birds and fishes alike. Though I shall not restrict myself to these two groups they will take more place than the rest.\nIn the following I shall deal with North to South and South to North migrations chiefly. In the hope to succeed and make my ideas comprehensible to those who are not specially acquainted with this particular field I shall begin with a very short description of the migration of some animals in the sea, which may be used as a starting point for the comparison which follows next. These animals are the cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis L.), two species of fish: the anchovy ( Stolephorus encrasicholus (L.)) and the tunny ( Thunnus thynnus (L.)) and, finally, a mammal: the humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski), one of the whales.

Description: After having collected the plankton samples in the Java Sea on which I have reported in Treubia XVII, 1939, I thought it desirable to gather similar samples from a more oceanic area of the East Indian seas, in order to be able to make a comparison between the two collections and to try to find out the characteristic differences between the two regions. It seemed to me interesting to choose in the first place Sunda Strait for this purpose, as it connects the shallow Java Sea with the deep Indian Ocean and, therefore, might offer all degrees of transition from the plankton of the former to that of the latter. The next year, then, in 1933, I made a cruise in Sunda Strait in the months of April-May, the transition months between the (wet) west monsoon and the (dry) east monsoon. The stations visited may be seen from the accompanying chart. The depth increases considerably in the direction Java Sea \xe2\x80\x94〉 Indian Ocean but is everywhere sufficient to allow the making of vertical hauls with the plankton net from 50 meters depth to the surface. For the sake of convenience, therefore, all the hauls in Sunda Strait have been made in this way. This was not possible the year before as at several stations in the Java Sea the depth is insufficient. The same net was used as the foregoing year: width of the mouth 1 1/3 m, length 4 m, Swiss plankton gauze nr. 3.\nIn the Sailor\'s Guide for the East-Indian Archipelago we read : ""This diurnal tidal stream (seil, in the Java Sea) is weakened towards the NE and strengthened towards the SW in the first place by a current to the SW starting from Bangka-Strait, which runs along the SE-coast of Sumatra and through Sunda Strait at the rate of more than 0.5 Mile per hour.

Description: Toen in 1881 door G. JANSE de Catalogus der Bibliotheek van het Koninklijk Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra werd samengesteld, werden daarin opgenomen onder: N\xc2\xb0 1202 Linnaei. C. Facsimile-reproductie van het vorige, (d.i. Systema Naturae sive Regna tria Naturae systematice proposita per Classes, Ordines, Genera et Species. Lugduni Batavorum. 1735. 7 bladen fol\xc2\xb0, max.) (Berlijn.) 12 bl. fol\xc2\xb0. max. N\xc2\xb0 1203 Linnaei C. Methodus juxta quam Physiologus accurate et f\xc3\xa9liciter concinnare potest Historiam cujuscunque Naturalis Subjecti sequentt. hisce Paragraphis comprehensa. I. Nomina. II. Theoria. III. Genus. IV. Species. V. Attributa. VI. Usus. VII. literaria. Lugduni Batavorum. 1736. 1 bl. fol\xc2\xb0 max. Facsimile-reproductie van de oorspronkelijke uitgave. Berlijn.

Description: 1. In Macroscelides (Elephantulus?) rozeti Duv., a North-African form, the pregnant uterus shows 3 swellings (sometimes this number is reduced to 1 or 2). The South-African form Elephantulus myurus Jamesoni, examined by prof. VAN DER HORST (Johannesburg) always shows two swellings, one in each half of the uterus horns. 2. The tuba is connected with a periovarial sac. 3. The eggs in the ampulla are naked and not surrounded by the zona pellucida. This causes sometimes the segmented cells to be set free. 4. The four-celled stage shows a tetrahedral arrangement. 5. In the uterus horn the unilaminar blastula is formed by the absorption of water. 6. In a stage of 120 cells the blastula-wall separates amoeboid cells into the interior forming a loose reticulum. Afterwards these cells concentrate at one side of the germinal vesicle and form the embryonic knot. 7. This organ separates an entodermal cell-layer at its base. 8. At the mesometrical side the germinal vesicle adheres to the uterine wall which is syncytial at this spot. 9. After the adhering of the germinal vesicle the mucosa uteri becomes very thick and the muscularis very thin. The small number of blood vessels in the mucosa is very remarkable. 10. There is a marked increase of the number and extent of the uterine glands. The image resembles that of the secretory phase in man. 11. In the following stage (N. 45) the trophoblast has become very thick and has penetrated into the mucosa uteri. The embryonic knot shows a large archamniotic cavity. 12. In N. 6 the embryonic region shows 7 \xc3\xa0 8 somites. A distinct pharynx is present. In the mid- and hindgut a large connection of enteron and yolk sac is present. Cloaca with allantoic evagination, a large, mesodermal, allantoic rudiment is present. The yolk sac forms about two thirds of the blastocyst, the remaining third part is formed by the exocoel and the amniotic cavity. A proamnion is present. Enlarged uterine glands surround the whole uterine cavity. A large ectoplacenta shows a toadstool-form and penetrates into the uterine wall forming a disc of foeto-maternal symplasma. Heart rudiment rather well developed. 13. N. 8. The embryo shows \xc2\xb1 25 somites. Allantois well developed, adhering to the ectoplacenta. The greater part of the blastocyst is formed by the exocoel. Three visceral pouches are present, the mouth plate is lacerated. The neural tube is completely closed. 14. In N. 1 30-35 somites and 12 nephric tubules are present. Rudiment of anterior extremity, 3-4 aortic arches. 15. In N. 3 the yolk sac is much smaller and its walls are shriveled. A yolk stalk may be seen but the connection between the lumina of gut and yolk sac has disappeared. The allantois surrounds the amniotic cavity and fills up the main part of the blastocyst. It shows four lobes. The ectoplacenta shows a thick layer of labyrinthic tissue at the embryonic side. The embryo is strongly coiled and possesses a distinct torsion. The kidney is well developed (with Malpighian corpuscula). Posterior extremities are present. In the anterior ones the rudiment of the skeleton may be noticed. 16. In the stages N. 45 and N. 1 a distinct mesoplacentarium consisting of numerous lamellae with bloodvessels is present at the mesometrical side of the uterine wall. As in the aguti (BECHER) this phenomenon may be in relation with the jumping propulsion.

Description: Depuis longtemps certain aspect larvaire de nombreuses formes p\xc3\xa9lagiques faisant partie du plancton permanent a retenu l\xe2\x80\x99attention des naturalistes et a conduit quelques-uns d\xe2\x80\x99entre eux \xc3\xa0 consid\xc3\xa9rer cette faune comme primitive. Si cette conclusion s\xe2\x80\x99est par la suite av\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xa9e inexacte et si l\xe2\x80\x99origine littorale de types planctoniques m\xc3\xaame les plus sp\xc3\xa9cialis\xc3\xa9s, comme les Siphonophores par exemple (W. GARSTANG, 1946), a pu \xc3\xaatre mise en \xc3\xa9vidence, il n\xe2\x80\x99en reste pas moins que cet aspect larvaire, qui avait frapp\xc3\xa9 les premiers observateurs, demeure dans bien des cas \xc3\xa9vident.\nSans doute, beaucoup de larves d\xe2\x80\x99esp\xc3\xa9ces benthiques m\xc3\xa8nent aussi, durant un temps plus ou moins long, une existence p\xc3\xa9lagique; et le fait que les constituants de ce plancton temporaire et du plancton permanent fr\xc3\xa9quentent ainsi un m\xc3\xaame milieu, qui a ses exigences propres, peut rendre compte de certains traits d\xe2\x80\x99organisation communs aux uns et aux autres. Mais il y a plus, et nous savons bien que la ressemblance entre Appendiculaires et larves d\xe2\x80\x99Ascidies n\xe2\x80\x99est pas seulement superficielle; que le Dactylactis Benedeni Gravier (1904) est bien une larve sexu\xc3\xa9e de C\xc3\xa9rianthe; que l\xe2\x80\x99 Amphioxides n\xe2\x80\x99est qu\xe2\x80\x99un Amphioxus continuant ind\xc3\xa9finiment sa vie en haute mer (R. GOLDSCHMIDT, 1933); que les Grimothea, dont les essaims innombrables colorent en rouge, par place, la surface des Mers du Sud, ne sont que des larves de Munida qui peuvent, sous certaines conditions, arriver en cet \xc3\xa9tat \xc3\xa0 maturit\xc3\xa9 (MATTHEWS, 1932); que ces Gobiid\xc3\xa9s, transparents comme le cristal, appartenant aux genres Aphya et Crystallogobius, issus, comme tous les membres de leur famille, d\xe2\x80\x99oeufs fix\xc3\xa9s sur les fonds littoraux, prolongent leur existence p\xc3\xa9lagique jusqu\xe2\x80\x99au moment o\xc3\xb9 ils reviennent \xc3\xa0 la c\xc3\xb4te pondre \xc3\xa0 leur tour et mourir. Sans parler des cas encore incompl\xc3\xa8tement \xc3\xa9lucid\xc3\xa9s des grands Glaucotho\xc3\xa9s, larves de Pagures (THOMPSON, 1943) et des Eryoneicus, larves de Polycheles (BOAS, 1939), que d\xe2\x80\x99exemples encore \xc3\xa0 citer d\xe2\x80\x99organismes planctoniques auxquels on peut, \xc3\xa0 bon droit, reconna\xc3\xaetre pour origine des larves de formes littorales n\xe2\x80\x99ayant pas accompli sur le fond la m\xc3\xa9tamorphose qui leur eut assur\xc3\xa9, comme \xc3\xa0 leurs cong\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa8res, la persistance de la vie benthique. La connaissance des facteurs susceptibles de retarder cette m\xc3\xa9tamorphose est donc de premi\xc3\xa8re importance si l\xe2\x80\x99on veut comprendre les processus qui ont pu conduire \xc3\xa0 un tel r\xc3\xa9sultat.

Description: De eisen die de practijk stelt zijn voor de toegepaste wetenschap de stimulans, welke de vragen die de werkhypothese suggereert voor de zuivere wetenschap zijn. Is aan die eisen voldaan dan loopt het onderzoek dood \xe2\x80\x94 tenzij de practijk aan het resultaat der onderzoekingen nieuwe eisen ontleent: naar analogie van een nieuwe hypothese steunend op feiten die men, geleid door een oudere hypothese, al eerder had opgespoord. Ik wil hiervan een voorbeeld geven: zowel van het doodlopen ener reeks onderzoekingen, als van haar resuscitatie.\nHet eerste stuk van mijn voorbeeld is bekend. Ik zal daar slechts zoveel van in herinnering brengen als voor het tweede stuk nodig is.

Description: 1. A review is given of some phenomena concerning pregnancy and parturition of the Cetacea, depending on data in literature and on observations made in Antarctic Blue and Fin Whales on board the f.f. \xe2\x80\x9cWillem Barendsz\xe2\x80\x9d (1946\xe2\x80\x941947). 2. In Mystacoceti the frequency of twins appears to be less than in man and the big domestic animals. The majority of twins is born by females that are longer than the average female in the period of greatest sexual activity. This does not mean, however, that just as in man most twins are born at an elder age than that corresponding with the maximum of sexual activity. It may also be possible that, just as in the big domestic animals, the ages correspond, but that twins are mostly produced by the physically stronger developed females. 3. In Odontoceti the left ovary shows a very distinct morphological and functional prevalence. The foetus is exclusively found in the left uterine cornu. In Mystacoceti there is a prevalence of about 60 % of the right ovary and the right uterine cornu with regard to ovulation and pregnancy. The above described phenomena have also been observed in other uniparous Mammals, whereas in multiparous Mammals no distinct prevalence of a special side has been found. Transference of an ovum from the ovary of one side to the cornu of the other has been observed twice in Cetacea. 4. In Mystacoceti the number of cephalic presentations of the foetus very distinctly increases during the last months of pregnancy, just as in man and the big domestic animals. There is a great possibility that, just as the other uniparous Mammals, which give birth to comparatively large infants, in Mystacoceti a very high percentage of the young is born in cephalic presentation. In Odontoceti, on the contrary, a great number of foetuses is apparently delivered in tail-presentation. With regard to their shape and dimensions, such a birth in tail-presentation must be considered as an unfavourable event. An attempt has been made to explain these facts with the aid of the peristaltic uterine contractions. If these contractions act in the same way as in other Mammals, it might be expected that most of the Cetacea should be born in tailpresentation. So it is highly possible that in Mystacoceti some other factors are responsible for the high percentage of cephalic presentations. 5. In Cetacea the relative length of the umbilical cord (in % of the length of the foetus) decreases markedly during the second part of pregnancy. At birth its length is about 40 % of the total length of the calf and 57 % of its snout-anus length. As compared with other Mammals the cord of the Cetacea is rather short and this fact may have some influence on the way in which the connection between mother and calf is broken. This may occur by rupture of the cord immediately after birth as in Ungulates. On the other hand it appears to be also possible that, just as in Primates, Carnivores and Chiropteres, the placenta and the cord stick to the baby for some time after birth. 6. Some congenital anomalies of foetal Cetacea are described. Abortus probably may occur during chasing of the big whales or when they are struck by the harpoon. A case of fibromyoma uteri is described in an old female Blue Whale that showed an abnormal lactation. Probably the fibromyoma had caused an abortus some months ago, this abortus causing the lactation.

Description: Hoewel ik in het voorjaar van 1948 slechts korte tijd op Cura\xc3\xa7ao en Bonaire verbleef, deed ik hier naast waarnemingen, die een bevestiging zijn van die van RUTTEN (1931), ook een aantal aanvullende observaties. Ik wil deze gaarne publiceren in de feestbundel ter ere van Prof. Dr. J. E. W. IHLE en Prof. Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORT, met wie ik gedurende vele jaren op verschillend gebied zo aangenaam samengewerkt heb.\nOver de vogels der Benedenwindse Eilanden is nog slechts weinig geschreven. Eigenlijk bestaat er slechts \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n goed artikel en wel dat van RUTTEN (1931), die hierin niet alleen oude mededelingen van HARTERT en van CORY verwerkte, maar ook tal van nieuwe, eigen waarnemingen, deels van veldornithologische aard, mededeelde. De lijst van DE JONG (1948) is min of meer een uittreksel van die van RUTTEN \xc2\xb9) en bevat slechts enkele eigen aanvullende gegevens.

Description: Opinions are divided in relation to what generical name has priority, Heliacus or Torinia. In proof of this I will quote, leaving aside those of many others, the opinions of two authorities.\nThiele [1918, p. 80 (114)] writes: "Bez\xc3\xbcglich des Namens Torinia bemerkt Iredale, dass ihm Heliacus Orbigny, weil \xc3\xa4lter, vorzuziehen sei; es mag sein, dass dieser Name ein wenig \xc3\xa4lter ist \xe2\x80\x94 nach Hermannsen von 1841, nach Iredale 1842, es scheint also die Zeit des Erscheinens nicht ganz festzustehen \xe2\x80\x94, w\xc3\xa4hrend Torinia von Gray 1842 auf die Beschaffenheit des Deckels hin begr\xc3\xbcndet worden ist".\nThe opinion of Tomlin (1928, p. 333), however, is quite different: "Gray in Proc. Zool. Soc., 1847, \xce\xa1\xc2\xb7 151, gives his own genus Torinia precedence, quoting it as of 1840 and 1842. These two references are to different editions of the \'Synopsis of the Contents of the British Museum\', and are fully explained by Iredale in Proc. Malac. Soc. (London), X, pp. 294-309.\nThe 1840 usage of Torinia is a nomen nudum; the 1842 edition gives a short comparative account of operculum only, quoted on p. 308. It hardly seems a sufficient diagnosis on which to found a genus, and the reasons for rejection given by Iredale on p. 301 may well be applied to this case at any rate".\nAs I mentioned already in a previous paper (1940, p. 223), I follow in this catalogue Thiele\'s "Handbuch der systematischen Weichtierkunde", in relation to the generic names and also as far as concerns the classification, but it is not my intention to state thereby hat I always completely agree with the opinions of his author.\nI wish to express here my heartiest thanks to the gentlemen who helped

Description: Au cours de l\'ann\xc3\xa9e 1935, le Directeur du Mus\xc3\xa9e de Prague a eu l\'amabilit\xc3\xa9 de m\'envoyer en communication les 3 syntypes de Synaptura lipophthalma Janos ; de son c\xc3\xb4t\xc3\xa9, M. Hardenberg, Directeur du Laboratoire oc\xc3\xa9anographique de Batavia (Laboratorium voor het Onderzoek der Zee), m\'a fait le don g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9reux de 3 paratypes de son Typhlachirus caecus. C\'est avec joie que je saisis l\'occasion qui m\'est offerte ici de remercier ces deux savants de leur extr\xc3\xa8me courtoisie, gr\xc3\xa2ce \xc3\xa0 laquelle j\'ai pu examiner \xc3\xa0 loisir et comparer directement entre eux tous ces sp\xc3\xa9cimens.\nSommaire.\nI. \xe2\x80\x94 Revision du genre Typhla- Les \xc3\xa9piotiques......34\nchirus.........3 Le parasph\xc3\xa9no\xc3\xafde.....35\nRemarques .......21 Les prootiques......36\nII. \xe2\x80\x94 Esp\xc3\xa8ce dont il reste \xc3\xa0 pr\xc3\xa9ciser Les opisthotiques.....36\nla position syst\xc3\xa9matique . .22 Les pt\xc3\xa9rotiques......36\nIII. \xe2\x80\x94 Contribution \xc3\xa0 la morphologie Les sph\xc3\xa9notiques.....37\nanatomique de Typhlachirus L\'acrinioste.......37\nlipophthalmus......23 Les pari\xc3\xa9taux......38\nRemarques critiques relatives Les frontaux ......38\n\xc3\xa0 la nomenclature ost\xc3\xa9ologique Le parethmo\xc3\xafde nadiral . . 40 des T\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9ost\xc3\xa9ens .....23 Le parethmo\xc3\xafde z\xc3\xa9nithal . . 42 A. \xe2\x80\x94 L\'organe nasal z\xc3\xa9nithal ... 23 Le dermethmo\xc3\xafde.....42\nB. \xe2\x80\x94 Le clidoste.......24 Le vomer........43\nC. \xe2\x80\x94 Le neurocr\xc3\xa2ne......27 D. \xe2\x80\x94 Le rhachis abdominal .... 43\nCaract\xc3\xa8res g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9raux .... 27 E. \xe2\x80\x94 L\'appareil digestif.....48\nLe basinioste ......32 F. \xe2\x80\x94 L\'appareil excr\xc3\xa9teur et l\'organe

Description: Neuwiedia (sect. Euneuwiedia) Griffithii Rehb.f. Xenia Orch. II (1874), 215; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXV (1890), 235, 241, t. XLVIII, fig. 2\xe2\x80\x949; in Orch. Rev. II (1894), 276; IV (1896), 329; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. VI (1890), 176; in Bot. Mag. CXXI (1895), t. 7425; Krzl. Orch. I (1897), 4; Pfitz. in Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (1903), 5; Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896), 416; Mat. Fl. Mal. Penins. I (1907), 231; Fl. Mal. Penins. IV (1924), 296.\nPlanta in genere parva. Caulis erectus, rigidus, teres, dilute viridis, c. 14 cm longus, 0.63 cm diam., c. 10-folius. Folia erecto-patentia, recurva, lanceolata, sensim longe et acutissime acuminata, basi acuta sensim in petioluin contracta, plicaita, nervis c. 7 subtus prominentibus, nervis tenuioribus alternantibus, papyracea, utrinque nitidule viridia, c. 18.5\xe2\x80\x94 22 cm longa, 4\xe2\x80\x945 cm lata, summa minora; petiolus latus, canaliculatus, 3-costatus, cum vagina tubulosa antice basi excepta rumpente c. 5.5\xe2\x80\x946.5 cm longus. Inflorescentia erecta, foliis multo brevior, subdense multiflora, cylindrica, pedunculo hirtello, atroviridi, c. 4 cm longo, nonnullis vaginulis in bracteas vergentibus donato, rachide angulato-cylindrica, patentissime hirtella, atroviridi, c. 6.5 cm longa. Bracteae patentes, incurvulae, e basi ovata sensim longe subulato-acuminatae, anguste obtusae, basi rachidem semiamplectentes, praesertim basi concavae, dorso et margine hirtellae, 3-nerviae, virides, ad c. 1.4 cm longae, superiores minores. Flores quaquaversi, parvuli, patentes, nutantes, sepalis dorso patentissime superne patenter strigillosis petalisque conniventibus, concavis, tenuibus, albis, pallide flavescenti-apiculatis. Sepalum dorsale ellipticum, apiculo tereti strigilloso, valde concavum, totum c. 0.83 cm longum, apiculo 0.05 cm, 0.4 cm latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-elliptiea, apice cucullatoobtusa cum apiculo recto tereti-subulato strigilloso 0.08 cm longo, concava, costa media dorso convexo-incrassata, tota c. 0.87 cm longa, 0.375 cm lata. Petala late elliptico-obovata, obtusa, apice vix cucullata, basi margine antico vix unguiculato-contraeta, concava, costa media dorso valde incrassata strigosaque apice in apiculum brevem producta in praefloratione inter sepala prominente, c. 0.8 cm longa, 0.525 cm lata. Labellum a gynostemio subrectangule patens et recurvulum, supra basin obtusangule incurvum, stigma paululum superans, valde concavum, explanatum cuneato-angulato-obovatum, apice cucullato-obtusissimum, ungue cuneato excepto leviter crispulum et erosulum, basi intus valde convexoincrassatum, costa media dorso valde prominente et strigosa apice in apiculum incurvulum teretem hirtellum producta, fere 0.8 cm longum, mucrone 0.05 cm longo, 0.6 cm latum. Gynostemium totum c. 0.62 cm, usque ad apicem antherarum 0.4 cm longum. Stamina 3, glabra, inferne cum stylo in columnam rotundato-trigonam supra subtusque 2-sulcatum, c. 0.13 cm longam connata, superne divergentia, filamenti dorsalis pars libera a dorso compressa, oblonga, vix flavescenti-alba, c. 0.1 cm longa; filainentorum lateralium pars libera dorsali similis, 0.13 cm longa; antherae conniventes, fere basifixae, introrsae, praesertim dorsalis valde incurvae, cordatae, apicem versus paululum angustatae, late obtusae, lobis basilaribus obtusis, dorso valde convexae cum sulco levi longitudinali, crassae, vix flaveseenti-albae, dorsalis fere c. 2 cm longa, 0.14 cm lata, laterales bene 0.2 cm longae, 0.175 cm latae. Stylus undatus, teres, leviter clavatus, apice (stigmate) obtusus et papillosus, albus, basi dilute. sulphureus, totus c. 0.6 cm, parte libera 0.525 cm longus. Ovarium pedieellatum curvulum, rotundato-trigonum, patentissime strigillosum, pedicello apicem versus incrassato, pallide viridi, c. 0.33 cm longo, ovario trigono-ellipsoideo, viridi, c. 0.4 cm longo, fere 0.3 cm diam., apice in rostrum apice obliquum pallide viride dorso c. 0.275 cm longum contractum.

Description: In Blumea V (1943), 316, I published a list of the Orchidaceae collected by Dr van Steenis in Atjeh. In this list a certain number of specimens were purposely omitted, on account of the fact that flowers had been preserved in alcohol, which material, however, was apparently not extant in Leiden. Under these conditions I have worked up the herbarium so far as possible from the dried specimens only.\nPeristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lndl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. (1835), 299; etc.

Description: In one of his papers on Malaysian Orchids R. Schleehter (1911) expresses his surprise that the flora of Celebes, though promising so much from a phytogeographical point of view, is very little known in comparison with that of the Philippines and Java and even with that of Borneo. In 1926 E. D. Merrill repeated this assumption with little less emphasis, and it is, indeed, still holding good even nowadays. I am not able to tell the reason why Celebes has been so much neglected in this respect, though it has been given ample attention by zoogeographers.\nYet, botanical exploration has been carried out ever since the French scientific world cruises of the \xe2\x80\x9cAstrolabe\xe2\x80\x9d (1828) and the \xe2\x80\x9cAstrolabe\xe2\x80\x9d and the \xe2\x80\x9cZelee\xe2\x80\x9d (1839). The more important collections have been enumerated in the \xe2\x80\x9cAppendix\xe2\x80\x9d to the present paper and among these the most outstanding ones are those made by the Neth. \xe2\x80\x93 Indian Forestry Service and by such individual collectors as Forsten (1840, N), Zollinger (1847, SW and Salajar), Teysmann and De Vriese (1860, N), Teysmann (1877, SW and Salajar), Warburg (1888, SW), Koorders (1894\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9995, N), P. and F. Sarasin (1893\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9996 and 1902\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9903, all parts), Elbert (1909, SE), Schleehter (1910, N), Van Vuuren (1912\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9914, SW, C, SE), Docters van Leeuwen (1913, Salajar, etc.), Kaudern (1917\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9920, SE, C, E, N), Bunnemeyer (1921, SW), Lam (1926, Talaud), Kjellberg (1929\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9930, SW, SE), Eyma (1938, C, E) and Monod de Froideville (1937\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9939, SW, C, SE).

Description: The names Blumea intermedia Koster (syn. Bl. acutata DC. var. \xc3\x9f) and Blumea floresiana (Schultz-Bip.) Boerl. must be kept upright. Blumea humifusa (Miq.) Clarke var. monochasialis Koster has to be changed into Blumea tenella DC. var. monochasialis (Koster) Koster, for Blumea humifusa (Miq.) Clarke is a synonym of Blumea tenella DC.\nBlumea lacera (Burm.) DC. var. burmanni DC. is not a clearly distinguishable variety.\nBlumea runcinata DC. is a synonym of Blumea lacera (Burm.) DC.\nBlumea fasciculata DC. is a synonym of Blumea sessiliflora Decaisne, which is not a synonym of the closely related Blumea fistulosa (Roxb.) Kurz (syn. Bl. glomerata DC. and Bl. leptoclada DC.). Blumea chinensis (L.) DC. as well as Blumea semivestita DC. are a mixture of Blumea riparia (Bl.) DC. and Blumea bullata Koster.

Description: The International Association of Wood Anatomists in the early years of its existence has undertaken to standardize the nomenclature used in describing woods. Later the classes of dimensions have been added thereinto.\nIn the same way it should be possible now to standardize one or two identification methods.\nUniversal schemes in the first place will fit for this purpose. In the introduction it is explained which requirements should be fulfilled in such schemes.\nThe advantages and drawbacks of an English and a Dutch identification method are compared mutually. It is suggested, that a procedure according to the Hollerith system will allow of a synthesis of both methods mentioned, thus combining advantages and eliminating their drawbacks. The restriction in the applicability of the Hollerith scheme is determined by the fact, that complicated devices are necessary the costs of which can only be justified, if they are constantly employed at full capacity. Thus the method can only be used in a central office. It will especially yield good results if a close international collaboration is established.\nA standardized codification and centralized multiplication and distribution of cards are indispensable requirements for realising this purpose. A short general survey is given of the Universal Decimal Classification and it is explained according to which principles wood species have been included in this scheme. The decimal codes of the U.D.C. can be used for indicating botanical and geographical data in the Hollerith identification. In this way, the great advantage is achieved, that a literature card index on wood species can be compiled with the same figure combinations. In doing so these figures get a wider field of application than when independant classifications are made for identification and documentation purposes.

Description: On the 13th of October 1940 I found in the vicinity of a wool- and skinwork in Tilburg (The Netherlands, prov. N. Brabant) a sterile grasstuft, striking me by its peculiar habit. I transplanted it into my garden in Dordrecht and there it was flowering for the first time in June 1941, and in July it was collected to be dried. On the 4th of July 1941 I gathered one more fructifying specimen at the same locality in Tilburg. Doubtless the plant was a Deschampsia and my provisory identification was D. media R. et Sch.. Sending the material with this name to Dr P. Jansen in Amsterdam I got his reply: \xe2\x80\x9dCertainly not D. media. It is a species, unknown to me or, more probably, a variety of D. flexuosa\xe2\x80\x9c.\nThis conclusion, however, seemed unacceptable to me. The habit of the sterile as well as the fertile plant differs strongly from that of D. flexuosa. The tuft is denser and harder, with thicker and shorter leaves. The panicle is longer, wider and more diffuse, the branchlets less flexuous, the culms are relatively short, as long as the panicle or at most 1\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x942 times the length of the panicle (in D. flexuosa 4\xe2\x80\x945 times). The characteristics of the flower are decisive. The lower glume is 5 mm long, the upper one 6 mm, both of them overtop the lemma and palea of the enclosed flower (in D. flexuosa the glumes are little different in length and equaling or overtopped by the flowers). The stipe of the upper flower, remaining attached to the lower one, when the spikelet falls asunder, is densily pencilshapedly hirsute and 1.5 mm long (in D. flexuosa 0.6\xe2\x80\x940.8 mm). The upper flower bears a similar stipe of a fully rudimental third flower, in other words: the rachilla is produced behind the upper palea as a hairy bristle. These properties sooner recall D. setacea than D. flexuosa, but the anthers are very small, 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.5 mm long, on much longer filaments (D. setacea has anthers, 1.5 mm long, filaments 0.5 mm, D. flexuosa: anthers 1.8 mm, filaments very short). All this: the habit, the pale green spikelets without any touch of purple, brown or blue, and the small anthers on long filaments justifies a specific differentiation of the Tilburgian wooladventive. I propose to name it, in honour of Dr J. Th. Henrard, whom I owe so much in the field of adventives in general and of Gramineae in particular: Deschampsia Henrardii nov. spec.

Description: Urelytrum Henrardii Chippindall sp. nov.; ab U. agropyroidei Hack., cui e descriptione affine, culmis gracilibus, foliorum laminis non hirsutis, longe attenuatis, longioribus, racemis flavido-viridibus, spicularum sessilium gluma inferiore 5-nervi, arista breviore distinguendum \xe2\x80\x94 Fig. 1.\nGramen perenne caespitosum, usque ad 92 cm altum. Culmi erecti, simplices, graciles, pauci-nodes, glabri, racemos versus asperuli. Folia plerumque basalia; vaginae internodiis longiores, sublaxae, striatae, apicem versus carinatae, basales glabrae laevesque, superiores pilis patulis laxe pilosae, ore villoso-barbatae; ligulae scariosae, rotundato-obtusae, 0.8\xe2\x80\x941.25 mm longae; laminae lineares, apice tenuiter setaceae, planae vel leviter conduplicatae, usque ad 38 cm longae, 3\xe2\x80\x943.8 mm latae, marginibus scabridis, costis asperulis, pone ligulam pilis longis exceptis glabrae. Racemi ad culmi apicem solitarii, stricti, fragiles, subcylindrici, fere glabri, flavidi vel pallide flavido-virides, saltem 16 cm longi; articuli rhacheos compressi, infimo usque ad 2 cm longo, scaberuli, margine uno superne rigide ciliati, appendice membranacea inaequaliter dentata ciliolata; pedicelli articulis similes, sed appendice minore. Spiculae sessiles biflorae, anguste lanceolato-oblongae, 7.5\xe2\x80\x948.2 mm longae (callo excluso); callus crassus, rotundato-obtusus, basi barbatus. Glumae subaequales, minute punctatae; inferior spiculam aequans, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis, explanata lanceolata, subconvexa, subacuta, 5-nervis, dorso apicem versus parce spinuloso-ciliata, superne bicarnata, carinis angustissime alatis, alis spinuloso-ciliatis; superior inferiore paulo brevior, firme membranacea, marginibus hyalinis apice minute ciliolata, lanceolata, acuta, 3-nervis, superne carinata, carina anguste alata, ala spinuloso-ciliata. Anthoecium inferum \xe2\x99\x82: lemma tenuiter hyalinum, lanceolato-ovatum, 6\xe2\x80\x946.5 mm longum, 2-nerve, minute bidentatum, marginibus apicem versus minute ciliolatum; palea lemmati similis sed angustior et paulo longior; antherae 3 mm longae; lodiculae glabrae. Anthoecium superum \xe2\x99\x80: lemma lemmati anthoecii inferi simile sed 3-nerve, apice latius; palea angustior. Spiculae pedicellatae illis sessilibus absimiles, neutrae, ad glumas lemmaque redactae, sine arista 2\xe2\x80\x942.75 mm longae. Glumae coriaceae, marginibus hyalinis superne ciliolatae, minute punctatae; inferior spiculae aequilonga, lanceolata, 5-nervis, ad carinam superne angustissime alata, ala spinulosociliata, in aristam scabridam 9\xe2\x80\x9412.5 mm longam excurrente; superior inferiore paulo longior, apice integra, obtusa, superne carinata, carina anguste alata, ala spinuloso-ciliata, obscure 5-nervis. Lemma tenuiter hyalinum, parvum.

Description: In the following account the author of the present paper has endeavoured to compile all available information regarding this interesting member of the Gramineae-Zoysieae.\nAs the genus under consideration has in many cases been incorrectly described, it appeared highly desirable to amend the faults and inaccuracies committed by both the original author of the genus and various subsequent taxonomists. The results of these investigations are being put forward in the following pages.

Description: As my friend Dr J. Th. Henrard, when young, paid much attention to the adventitious species of Fumaria, I will give here an enumeration of the species found in our country. This genus has been somewhat neglected with us, mainly owing to the fact that the descriptions in our flora\xe2\x80\x99s are not exact, so that the determination was not always easy; the less so as the species are variable in several characters.\nAs I have not much space at my disposal, I will refrain from giving detailed descriptions, but the essential characters I will lay down into the key, so that a correct determination is possible. Minute descriptions are to be found in the splendid works of Mr H. W. Pugsley, which have been a great help to me.

Description: Fate has knocked at your door. It has reminded you that, as to the years of your life, you are no longer a young man, that your age will be sixty five on the day this little volume will be presented to you.\nTime and fate are inexorable powers. Sometimes the question has occurred to me, whether we have any right to speak of a \xe2\x80\x9cJubilee\xe2\x80\x9d, whether one\xe2\x80\x99s retirement from office or the attainment of high age is something to be gratulated upon, since these events are usually not exactly welcome to the person involved. Yet, I think there cannot be any doubt as to this. For, can there be ever more reason for deep satisfaction and gratitude than when a man may without self-reproach, look back upon an honest and successful life?

Description: A taxonomic study of the 6 species of Stipa that inhabit desert regions of the Puna de Atacama S. Bomani Haum., S. venusta Phil., S. obtusa [Nees et Mey.] Hitchc., S. rigidiseta [Pilg.] Hitchc., S. saltensis O. Kuntze, and the new species S. Henrardiana) indicates that they constitute a natural group which I designate Obtusae, using as type the species S. obtusa which is the one with priority. The group is characterised by setose leaves, with ligules 3 to 10 mm long, by glumes that are scarious, smooth, depressed and usually unequal, by the fusiform anthoecium with the palea as long as the lemma and by glabrous anthers. These characters reveal a close relationship with Orthachne Nees and Oryzopsis Michx. More detailed studies are necessary to decide the generic relationships.\nSome of the species studied ( S. Bomani and S. saltensis) contain cyanoglucosides in their vegetative organs and consequently are feared by the inhabitants of the Puna as being toxic to livestock.

Description: Dactyloctenium Henrardianum Bor spec. nov. quae ab omnibus aliis speciebus hujus generis inflorescentia racemosa haud digitata satis recedit.\nAn annual grass. Culms slender, 10\xe2\x80\x9430 cm tall, erect, smooth, glabrous, striate in robust specimens, terete, long-exserted from the uppermost leaf-sheath. Leaf-sheaths strongly keeled, loose, slipping from the culm, much shorter than the internode and leaf-blade, markedly striate, smooth and glabrous except for some bristles from bulbous bases sparsely arranged near the margins in the upper fourth; ligule a lacerate membrane not more than 2 mm long. Leaf-blades up to 10 cm long by 5 mm wide at the base, gradually narrowed into a fine point from the rounded base, very scabrid on the margins which also bear long bulbous-based bristles in the lower third; upper surface smooth; lower surface often with bulbous-based bristles; midrib strongly marked with 2\xe2\x80\x943 prominent parallel veins on either side.

Description: On October 16th 1946 Dr J. Th. Henrard will have reached the pensionable age of sixty five years. In accordance with the legal prescriptions he is due to take leave officially as keeper of the \xe2\x80\x9dRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9c. The present director, Prof. Dr H. J. Lam, invited me to write a short biography of Dr Henrard on this occasion. Having been Henrard\xe2\x80\x99s eldest colleague till 1934 at the institution, I accepted willingly.\nJan Theodoor Henrard was born October 16th, 1881 at Maastricht, where his father, J. B. Henrard, was director of the Weight and Measures Office. There is a legend in the family that the Henrards originated from the Vend\xc3\xa9e (in France) as descendants of a Huguenot-refugee. Owing to this duties J. B. Henrard was often transferred with his family from one locality to the other; his children got their education in different towns of the country. Jan visited the elementary school at Maastricht. The secundary school he followed at Zwolle and Leeuwarden respectively. At Zwolle he made the acquaintance of two well-known Dutch florists, Lako, a teacher at the secundary school and Carmiggelt, an official at his fathers office. From them Jan gathered already an extensive knowledge of the Dutch flora. His final high school certificate he got at Sneek on August 10th, 1901 (Diploma H. B. S.).

Description: Peculiarities in leaf anatomy support the opinion that the name Triodia R. Br. should be confined to the Australian species. The leaves of species of Plectrachne Henr. are quite different from those of Triraphis mollis, though formerly included in this genus, but are remarkably similar to those of Triodia.

Description: A few years ago Prof. Dr W. Martin, at the time director of the Gallery of prints and drawings at Leyden, drew my attention to an oilpainting at Prof. J. N. Bakhuizen van den Brink\xe2\x80\x99s, 40 Rapenburg, Leyden. This painting (size 95 X 68 cm), which is owned by the Leyden University Fund, shows a peculiar group of flowering exotic plants, to which a few mushrooms, a snake, a lizard and some butterflies are added, and on the right side in the back-ground a view on a river or a lake. In the lower right hand corner the painting is signed Lau. Vinn. Prof. Martin concluded from this that it was one of the Haarlem painters Van der Vinne who made it. The most plausible inference seemed to look upon the senior Laurens van der Vinne (1658\xe2\x80\x941729), a well-known Dutch painter of flowers, as the maker. However, a closer investigation learnt that this was not correct.\nWhen Prof. Martin showed me the picture, I got the impression that I had seen a few of the drawings of the individual plants before. Looking through the plate collections of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d it appeared that this impression was right. These collections, namely, contain water-colours of the 4 species of Proteaceae figured in the painting and moreover a water-colour of the specimen of Sprekelia formosissima. All these once belonged to the Leyden professor Adriaan van Royen. The water-colour of Sprekelia formosissima is signed \xe2\x80\x9cLaurens van der Vinne Pinxcit 1736\xe2\x80\x9d. It is quite probable that this beautiful drawing, together with those of the Proteaceae, were used by Van der Vinne in composing his picture. Besides, it became evident that it was not the senior but the junior Van der Vinne who must be considered the painter, as the former died already in 1729 and the painting must have been made in 1736 or later.

Description: According to general opinion the spikelets of Oryza consist, reckoned from their base upwards, of 2 sterile glumes, called hereafter I and II, one fertile glume (valvula inferior; lemma), called hereafter III, and the palea valvula superior) to this glume, called hereafter p3. The spikelets are placed singly on the very short ultimate branchlets, called hereafter pedicels, of a more or less strongly ramose panicle; the tips of the pedicels are broadened into a shallow infra-spicular cup, either distinctly 2-lobed or not; from the bottom of the cup arises a minute knob, on which the very distinct basal callus of the spikelet is jointed. When ripe, the spikelets of the wild species fall off as a whole, disarticulating at the joint (in dried specimens often long before maturity; hence in herbarium-specimens they are frequently lacking). In many cultivated forms they remain firmly attached to their pedicels, a property of very high economic value.\nThe spikelets are strongly laterally compressed. I and II are either 1-nerved or nerveless; as a rule they are many times shorter than the spikelet, sometimes even very minute. Only in O. Ridleyi they are comparatively well-developed, reaching about half the length of the spikelet, but very narrow. III is very rigid, usually conspicuously granulate, boatshaped, keeled, either awned or not, 5-nerved, with a strong midrib; it has the ultimate lateral nerves along the margins. P3 is likewise boatshaped, shortly cuspidate or not, with a narrow, rather rounded, less often faintly keeled back, 3-nerved; it is about as long as III, awn disregarded, and has the same rigid granulate structure, excepted the narrowly incurved thinly membranaceous smooth marginal parts (hidden by III). It might be taken for a fertile glume, but this view is inadmissible because of the averted position of the lodicules. It has a rather thin mid-nerve and strong lateral nerves, separating the rigid central part from the membranaceous borders. The well-developed lodicules are glabrous; the six stamens are free; there are 2 free shortish styles with large plumose white or violet stigmas which, during anthesis, stick out from the sides of the spikelet in or below its middle. The ripe fruit is oblong or lanceolate, usually angular; it is free from glume and palea but remains firmly incarcerated between them.

Description: 1. (with G. H. H. ZANDVOORT) \xe2\x80\x94 Een voor Nederland nieuwe plant, Kentrophyllum lanatum DC. \xe2\x80\x94 De Levende Natuur XV, p. 376\xe2\x80\x94380, 4 fig.

Description: Most classifications of the genera of the Gramineae have been on the structure and arrangement of their spikelets, for these organs provide a far greater variety of readily distinguishing characters than do other parts of the grass plant. Nevertheless it has not always been possible to decide from morphological studies alone whether marked similarities in structure point to a close affinity or are merely examples of parallel development. The modern taxonomist, endeavouring to arrange the grass genera in as natural a sequence as possible in order to emphasise relationships and evolutionary trends, sooner or later meets with difficulties in this respect, for examples of parallelism are of common occurrence in this family. He is more fortunate, however, than his predecessors, in that his own intensive morphological studies, based on a wider range of specimens, may be supplemented by additional data gleaned from the ecological, anatomical and cytological researches of contemporary workers. Thus aided by the more complete information at his disposal, it has been possible for him to rearrange certain groups, particularly the Festuceae and Hordeeae, in which parallel development has occasionally led to unrelated genera such as Lolium, Agropyron and Nardus, being too closely associated. In the following account an attempt has been made to provide a more natural classification for about eighteen species frequently referred to the genus Lepturus R. Br. by reason of their similar spicate inflorescences.

Description: Floating aquatic herbs with dimorphic leaves, submerged ones opposite pinnatifid rootlike, apical ones in a rosette, rhomboid, dentate, with spongy often inflated petiole, arranged in leaf-mosaic; stipules 4-8, minute. Flowers bisexual, small, solitary, axillary, short-pedicelled, 4-merous, white or lilac. Petals imbricate. Disk present. Ovary half-inferior with 1 style and 2-4 persistent sepals turning often to thorns or horns. Fruit mostly 1-celled, 1-seeded, shell bone-hard; thorns after withering often set with barbs at the apex. Seed often producing 2-5 free germ-stalks.\nDistr. Several species in the Old World, but not known from Australia.

Description: Suprageneric epiphels have been entered under the family name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (tribes, e.g.).\nSupraspecific epithets have been entered under the generic name to which they belong preceded by the indication of their rank (sections, series).

Description: We always have thoroughly detested the mentality of those scientific periodicals which deemed it proper to introduce politics into their columns. During the war we have repeatedly been offended by the unworthy attitude of the editorial staffs of certain botanical journals of \xe2\x80\x9cGreater Germany\xe2\x80\x9d who admitted \xe2\x80\x94 or possibly even deliberately furthered \xe2\x80\x94 perorations stating not only the marvellous achievements of nazi-methods and their amazing usefulness towards the particular field of science covered by the periodical in question, but the faith and the devotion of their persons towards the sacred cause of the nazi-system.\nWe have, as I say, not exactly admired this mentality in a scientific paper and we will not follow the example. However, too much has happened in the five long and hard years of bloody oppression by ruthless and barbarian enemies, both in Holland and in Indonesia, that this crucial moment in our national history could be passed without any comment even by a stolid and, allegedly, unemotional Hollander. For never more distinctly than in the past five years have we been enabled to state \xe2\x80\x94 or state again, as the case may be \xe2\x80\x94 how utterly different the Germans are from us, how fundamentally their mentality and their ideals differ from ours.

Description: A revision of the material belonging to the genus Erebia Dalman in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, mainly based on the "Monograph of the genus Erebia" by B. C. S. Warren (London, 1936), induced me to describe a number of new subspecies and aberrations, and to make some remarks on forms already described.\nThe greater and most important part of the material is to be found in the Mezger collection, which is kept separate. It has always been indicated with the types, if they are to be found in that collection ; all other types are included in the general collection of Lepidoptera of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic Descriptions and remarks are following here in systematic order, according to Warren\'s system.\nErebia eriphyle (Frr.) subsp. tristis H.-S. ab. secundo-tertiopunctata nov. ab.\nThe typical eriphyle possesses two black spots on the forewing; specimens deviating in this respect were described as ab. tripunctata Hoffm. with three spots, and as ab. impunctata H\xc3\xb6fn. without black spots. One of the specimens in hand, from Reichenstein, Styria, and consequently belonging to the subsp. tristis H.-S., shows the two hindmost black spots of the ab. tripunctata Hoffm., but the foremost spot is lacking. I propose the name secundo-tertiopunctata nov. ab. for this aberration.\nHolotype: \xe2\x99\x82, Reichenstein, 15 VII 1923, in the Mezger collection.\nErebia manto (Schiff. & Dennis) subsp. osmanica Schaw. ab. subtuslutescens nov. ab., and ab. bubastis nov. ab.\nIn his excellent monograph of the genus Erebia Warren writes that the

Description: When studying the European Caridea of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden and of the Zoological Museum at Amsterdam, some specimens of the genus Pandalina came at hand, which proved to belong to a new species. These specimens had already been reported upon by Hoek (1882), who considered them to be Pandalina brevirostris (Rathke). Comparison with typical specimens of Pandalina brevirostris, however, showed various constant differences, which in my opinion justify the separation of Hoek\'s specimens as a distinct species.\nIn the present paper an enumeration of the specimens of both species of Pandalina present in the above mentioned Musea is given.\nPandalina profunda nov. spec. (fig. 1a-c) Pandalus brevirostris Hoek, 1882, Niederl. Arch. Zool., suppl. vol. 1 pt. 7, p. 22,pl. 1 fig. 10 (non Pandalus brevirostris Rathke, 1843).\nPandalus brevirostris A. Milne Edwards, 1883, Rec. Fig. Crust. nouv. peu conn., pl. 26 fig. 2.\nPandalina brevirostris Schellenberg, 1928, Tierw. Deutschl., vol. 10 pt. 2, fig. 7 (non p. 16, figs. 8, 9).\nMuseum Leiden: Barents Sea; 1878-1879; Willem Barents Expedition. \xe2\x80\x94 4 specimens 24-28 mm 1).\nBergen, Norway; 1907. \xe2\x80\x94 1 ovigerous \xe2\x99\x80 25 mm.\nDescription : The rostrum is short, it reaches to the middle of the second segment of the antennular peduncle ; it is straight or directed slightly upward at the apex. The upper margin is provided with eight to ten teeth; the anterior three or four of which are immovable, the posterior teeth articulate with the carapace. The lower margin of the rostrum is provided with three

Description: In his key to the species of the genus Diploglossus, Boulenger (1885, p. 284) distinguishes between two groups of species, viz., one group in which the digits terminate in "a large compressed sheath, into which the claw may be entirely or nearly entirely retracted", while in the other group such a sheath is absent. Barbour (1910, p. 297) considers the presence or absence of an ungual sheath as a character of generic value ; he separates the species lacking such a sheath from the true Diploglossus, and revives the genus Celestus Gray for them 1). Burt & Burt (1931, pp. 241-242) also stress the importance of this character.\nIndeed the sheath is absent in Celestes occiduus (Shaw), of which Celestus striatus Gray (the type of the genus) is a synonym. Of the other species included in Celestus (Barbour, 1937, pp. 138-139) I have examined only Celestus de la sagra (Cocteau). Of the two specimens in our collection (Herp. reg. nos. 3626, 3634), one (no. 3626) is a cotype of Scincus (Diploglossus) de la sagra Cocteau (in Cocteau & Bibron, 1839, p. 180, pl. 20).\nIn both specimens the terminal scale on the upper surface of the digits forms a

Description: Besides the rather scanty material collected before 1900 the Phyllophorin\xd0\xb0\xd0\xb5 of the Leiden and the Amsterdam Museums consist of many of Karny\'s type specimens, and a number of specimens collected in New Guinea, especially by Van Kampen and by Versteeg.\nThough various authors (Kirby, 1899; Griffini, 1908) published papers of fundamental value concerning this subfamily of the Tettigoniidae, the general survey given by Caudell (1912) was little critical, in different genera even species are placed here of which the synonymy had already been established before (cf. Karny, 1924, pp. 19, 20). A modern revision of the subfamily was given by Karny (1924).\nThough Karny based his paper on a rather large number of specimens and a great deal of literature, it appears that there exist more species. The Leiden as well as the Amsterdam collections contain some specimens which could not be identified with the help of Karny\'s keys, and which did not fit in with the descriptions of the species already known. For that reason I feel justified to describe these as new species.\nAll specimens dealt with below, Karny\'s type specimens included, were carefully compared with the descriptions to avoid misinterpretations of Karny\'s view. In a few cases, however, I cannot agree with Karny\'s views concerning certain details in the keys as well as in the descriptions and I have given some additional notes when dealing with the genera or species under consideration.\nI abstained from giving a new key as that of Karny will do for the present when my remarks are taken into account.\nSasima Bol\xc3\xadvar

Description: De Haan (1833, p. 22-23, tab. B (Eudora) tenax (mouthparts)) gives the following latin description of his subgenus Eudora: "Os quadratum. Max. 5arum articuli secundi paralleli, medio in longitudinem sulcati, apice truncati; articuli tertii dilatati, margine superiore emarginati; articuli apicales abbreviati1). Max. 3iarum laciniae externae supra medium, paulum dilatatae, apice emarginatae. Max. 2arum lobi interni in laciniis interioribus externis multo breviores. Thorax vix dimidio latior quam longior, dorso convexus. Chelae crassae, in utroque sexu inaequales, sinistra minor. Abdomen in utroque sexu 7-articulatum; in maribus angusto-parallelum; articulus tertius prioribus latior; articuli versus apicem sexti sinuato-angustiores; sextus quadratus; Septimus trigonus. In feminis oblongo-ovatum, a basi latescens; articulus sextus quinto duplo latior; septimus rotundatus. O c u l i vix tertia parte latitudinis thoracis distantes. Antennae oculorum canthis approximatae, flagello brevissimo.\nCANC. (EUDORA) TENAX Ruppell. \xe2\x80\x94 IMPRESSUS Lamarck n. 9. \xe2\x80\x94 INCISUS. n. sp. Mus. Reg. Bat." When studying the Xantho specimens of the Leiden Museum, I noticed among them in the dry collection, a \xe2\x99\x80 without mouthparts and a set of mouthparts from Mauritius, Museum Paris, both labelled Xantho (X.) impressus (Lam.) and both bearing an old label "Cancer (Eudora) impressus Lamarck, Isle de France, Mus. Gal." Now the presence of the set of mouthparts as well as the writing on the old label leave no doubt whatever to the fact that this is the specimen examined by De Haan and enumerated on page 23 of the Fauna Japonica. This specimen, however, is

Description: Professor I. Q. van Regteren Altena was zoo vriendelijk mij een aantal teekeningen ter beschikking te stellen, die eens aan het huis Plantijn moeten toebehoord hebben. Immers, sommige daarvan hebben gediend als voorbeeld voor houtsneden in den Herbarius von Dodonaeus van 1618, gedrukt \xe2\x80\x9et\'Antwerpen in de Plantynsche Druckerye van Balthasar Moretus" (zie Engel, in: Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 53, 1943, p. 46-55). Wanneer men de fraaie teekeningen vergelijkt met de reproducties in het Cruydtboeck, is het opvallend, dat de teekeningen losser, zwieriger en natuurlijker zijn, terwijl de houtsneden allerlei wijzigingen vertoonen, die klaarblijkelijk aangebracht werden ten einde de figuur in het formaat van het houtblok te doen passen. Toch komen beide tot in finesses overeen en, wat onze opvatting bevestigt, zij zijn elkanders spiegelbeeld. Behalve deze plantenafbeeldingen bevat de collectie nog een teekening van een vogel, Podiceps cristatus (L.), door mij beschreven en afgebeeld in Limosa, Orgaan der Club van Nederlandsche Vogelkundigen, XVI, 1-2, Juni 1943, p. 1-3, en verschillende figuren van visschen en lagere dieren.\nVoor deze dierenafbeeldingen is van belang een citaat uit: Max Rooses, Christophe Plantin, Imprimeur Anversois, 2me \xc3\xa9dition, Anvers, 1896, p. 325: \xe2\x80\x9ePlantin, qui avait retrouv\xc3\xa9 Dodoens en Hollande y renouva avec lui les liens d\'une ancienne amiti\xc3\xa9. Au moment du d\xc3\xa9c\xc3\xa8s du savant botaniste, l\'imprimeur rappelle, dans une de ses lettres, l\'affection qui les unissait et dit que Dodoens \xc3\xa0 la fin de sa vie avait commenc\xc3\xa9 une description des poissons et des oiseaux." Wij mogen er hier aan herinneren, hoe Dodoens in 1582 benoemd werd tot professor te Leiden, welke functie hij slechts korten tijd mocht ver-

Description: During the time that I was stationed at Port Dickson (State of Negri Sembilan) on the west coast of the Malay Peninsula, a small zoological collection was made. The specimens were brought to me by the personnel of different units of the Royal Netherlands Forces, while I am also indebted to Major C. Rae, RASC, for some interesting specimens. Nearly all specimens belong to common species. However, this area has not been studied so very extensively and therefore, it seems worth while to place these species on record. Unless otherwise stated the specimens are from the strip of country along the coast road to the south of Port Dickson to about ten miles from the township. Where no unit is mentioned, the specimens have been collected by personnel of my own unit (NICA-NRX Detachment). The collection has been presented to the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden.\nBufo melanostictus Schn. 1 specimen, Major L. D. Brongersma, Herp. reg. no. 8488.\nBufo parvus Blgr. 1 \xe2\x99\x82 halfgrown, Herp. reg. no. 8486. 1 juv., among dry leaves in a rubber plantation, March 1946, Sergt.\nEveraarts, Herp. reg. no. 8487.\nI am indebted to Mr. H. W. Parker, London, for his advise that both these specimens should be referred to Bufo parvus Blgr.\nIn the male (length from snout to vent 33 mm), the cranial ridges are distinct. The supraorbital ridges are slightly divergent behind, while the short parietal ridges converge posteriorly; thus the whole of the ridge is somewhat curved. In a fullgrown Sumatran specimen these ridges are straight.

Description: In 1776 beschreef P. L. S. M\xc3\xbcller (Syst. Nat. Suppl., p. 145) naar aanleiding van in Oost-Java verzameld materiaal de nominaatvorm dezer pitta onder de naam Turdus guajanus, terwijl de in West-Java levende ondersoort affinis als Myiothera affinis in 1821 door Horsfield (Trans. Linn. Soc.\nLondon, vol. 13, p. 154) werd beschreven op grond van in Bantam verkregen materiaal. In Cat. Birds Brit: Museum (vol. XIV, 1888, p. 445/6) vatte Sclater deze beide soorten samen onder de naam Eucichla cyanura.\nRobinson & Kloss (Treubia, vol. V, 1924, p. 279) noemden de OostJava vogels Eucichla c. cyanura en die van het Westen Eucichla cyanura affinis, welke naam ook door Bartels & Stresemann (1929) werd gebezigd. Later toonde Boden Kloss echter aan, dat de naam cyanura diende te worden gewijzigd in guajana (Journ. Mal. Br., Royal As. Soc., vol. IV, 1926, p. 161), terwijl Chasen in diens Handlist (1935) het geslacht Eucichla met Pitta vereenigde en deze brengt Pitta guajana guajana op voor OostJava en Bali en Pitta guajana affinis voor het Westen van dit eiland.\nDe oorspronkelijke beschrijving der beide ondersoorten hebben wij niet ter beschikking, maar Kuroda (Birds of the Island of Java, vol. I, 1933, p. 339) deelt ten aanzien van de nominaatvorm het volgende mede. ,,Characters: \xe2\x80\x94 Very similar to E. g. affinis of W. Java, but the blue gorget much more broader (10 mm in width in \xe2\x99\x82).\nAdult \xe2\x99\x82 (E. Java) \xe2\x80\x94 The ground-colour of underparts yellowish instead of brownish yellow as in affinis and the throat also whiter.\nAdult \xe2\x99\x80 (Bali) \xe2\x80\x94 "The ground-colour below of this female is not white as described in Cat. B. Brit. Mus. XIV. p. 446, but yellowish buff, and the throat is more white (HARTERT)."

Description: In zijn laatste revisie van het genus Zosterops (Journ. f\xc3\xbcr Orn., vol. 87, 1939, p. 156-164) geeft Stresemann o.a. een schematische voorstelling van de horizontale en verticale verspreiding binnen deze Archipel van de vier voornaamste groepen van dit geslacht: montana, atricapilla, palpebrosa en chloris. Tot onze verwondering wordt hierin geen montana-vorm voor WestJava opgegeven, terwijl Siebers toch reeds in 1929 vogels van Goenoeng Tjerimai besprak, en afsplitste onder de naam Zosterops montana sindorensis (Treubia, vol. 11, 1929, p. 151). Deze ondersoort werd zoowel door Chasen (Handlist of Malaysian Birds, 1935, p. 266) als door Kuroda (Birds of the Island of Java, vol. 1, 1933, p. 127) geaccepteerd. De beide auteurs van \xe2\x80\x9eDe vogels van het Tenggergebergte" (De Tropische Natuur, jrg. 29, 1940, p. 93-101), de heer en mevrouw Van Bemmel, merken daarentegen weer op dat de soort Zosterops montana in West-Java ontbreekt, hetgeen echter in hetzelfde tijdschrift op p. 140 door den heer Bartels wordt herroepen, die melding maakt van het verzamelen van deze soort op de Papandajan. De laatste durft echter aan de hand van het geringe materiaal dat hem ter beschikking staat niet te zeggen tot welk ras de Papandajan-vogels behooren.\nHet Zoologisch Museum te Buitenzorg geraakte echter in 1941 in het bezit van negen balgen van dit brilvogeltje eveneens afkomstig van de Goenoeng Papandajan en aldaar verzameld op een hoogte van circa 2500 m door den heer A. de Vos. Deze balgen wijken in enkele opzichten z\xc3\xb3\xc3\xb3 belangrijk af van alle reeds bekende vormen, dat wij het alleszins verantwoord achten haar hieronder als nieuw te beschrijven.\nZosterops montana minor nov. subspec.

Description: In Juli 1931 verscheen het overzicht van de gestrande Nederlandsche Cetacea van 808 tot en met 1930 (Van Deinse, 1931). De toen bekende 211 gevallen van aanspoeling op onze kust werden soort voor soort en een voor een behandeld.\nSedert zijn nu weer ettelijke jaren verloopen, waarin jaar na jaar aanteekening werd gehouden van de exemplaren die op onze kust te land kwamen en die zeer nabij die kust of in binnenwateren werden gevangen.\nTot en met 31 Dec. 1944, zijn er nu totaal reeds 379 gevallen van stranding bekend geworden en zijn er dus 168 bijgekomen na 1930, alzoo in 14 jaar.\nGemiddeld zijn er per jaar 12 dieren gemeld. In de afgeloopen jaren zijn natuurlijk ook aanvullingen en verbeteringen bekend geworden van oudere gevallen en die hoop ik hieronder in te voegen. In oude, soms zeer oude, literatuur zijn nog strandingen gevonden, die ik in 1931 niet kende en die mij door tal van belangstellende medewerkers werden opgegeven, terwijl ik er zelf ook enkele bij vond.\nZoo is onze kennis van de Nederlandsche Cetacea sedert 1931 zeer vermeerderd, is er belangstelling voor deze orde gewekt en zijn wij inderdaad sterk vooruitgegaan, niet het minst wat betreft geborgen materiaal, oude prenten, foto\'s enz.\nWaren er, in 1931, 17 soorten bekend van onze kust, nu is dat aantal tot 20 gestegen. De 3 soorten die er bij gevoegd konden worden zijn : 1. Pseudorca crassidens (Owen), in 1935, in 2 exemplaren. 2. Eschrichtius gibbosus (Erxleben), in 1935 en 1936, resp. in 1 en 2 exemplaren. 3. Delphinapterus leucas (Pallas), in 1936, in 1 exemplaar.

Description: Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte Adult (evidently \xe2\x99\x80), Surinam.\nWing 363, tail 170, tarsus 53, culmen from cere 24 mm.\nTogether with other Surinam bird-skins, the specimen was sent to Harlem (Holland) in 1899 for exhibition at the "Koloniale Westindische Tentoonstelling". It is now in the collection of the Colonial Institution at Amsterdam.\nThe North-American Peregrine Falcon has not yet been recorded from all three Guyanas: Chubb (1916) does not mention it from the British Colony, nor the brothers Penard (1908) from Surinam, nor Von Berlepsch (1908) from Cayenne. As the bird has been recorded several times from Trinidad (off the coast of Venezuela) (cf. Roberts, 1934) and a juvenile specimen from Brazil is preserved in the Zoological Museum at Berlin (Kleinschmidt, 1927, p. 112: "Amazonasmundung"), occasional migratoryrecords do not come unexpected. Besides, Von Berlepsch lists the Peregrine Falcon among the Falconidae that are "not yet recorded from Cayenne", but are "likely to be found there" (p. 289).\nThe North-American Peregrine Falcon has a wide-spread winter-range and is recorded from several other localities in South-America (Ecuador, Matto Grosso; Chile?), but usually does not go farther south than Panama.\nCatoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster) In a relatively large collection of old stuffed birds, made in the Dutch Colony of Surinam, and received at Amsterdam in 1859, there are three specimens of the Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gm.)). All three birds are in winterdress. One of these birds shows remarkably large

Description: In the former Zuiderzee, the large brackish inland sea of the Netherlands, a species of crab was commonly met with, which species generally was considered to be endemic in the Dutch inland waters, and was named by most authors Heteropanope tridentata (Maitland). Examination of material and literature convinced us that the crab does not belong to the genus Heteropanope at all, but is a Rithropanopeus, while it is so closely related to the American Rithropanopeus harrisii (Gould), that we only can consider it to be a subspecies of that species.\nThe synonymy of the Dutch form is as follows: Pilumnus tridentatus Maitland, 1874, Tijdschr. Nederl. dierk. Ver., vol. 1, p. 232. non Pilumnus tridentatus Maitland, 1876, Tijdschr. Nederl. dierk. Ver., vol. 2, p. 11.\nPilumnus tridentatus Hoek, 1876, Tijdschr. Nederl. dierk. Ver., vol. 2, p. 243, pl. 14 fig. 12-16.\nPilumnus tridentatus Miers, 1886, Rep. Voy. Challenger, Zool., vol. 17, pp. 146, 149, 227.\nPilumnus tridentatus Hoek, 1887, Tijdschr. Nederl. dierk. Ver., ser. 2 vol. 1, p. 96.\nPilumnus tridentatus De Man, 1889, Zool. Jb. Syst, vol. 4, p. 422.\nHeteropanope tridentata De Man, 1892, Notes Leyden Mus., vol. 14, p. 228, pl. 7 figs. 1, 1a-1d.\nPilumnus tridentatus A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1894, R\xc3\xa9s. Camp. sci. Monaco, vol. 7, p. 39.\nPilumnus tridentatus Maitland, 1897, Prodr. Faune Pays-Bas, p. 36.\nPilumnus tridentatus A. Milne Edwards & Bouvier, 1900, Exped. sci. Travailleur & Talisman, Crust. D\xc3\xa9cap., pt. 1, p. 72.\nPilumnus tridentatus Horst, 1903, Maandbl. Nederl. natuurk. Ver., vol. 2, p. 40.

Description: I. Introduction.\nIn the Geological Institution of the University of Amsterdam there is a collection of recent shells as material for comparison with fossil Mollusca.\nFrom this collection the writer identified a lot of shells collected by Professor Dr. H. Gerth during his stay in Java from 1928 to 1929. These materials will be discussed here.\nThe writer is indebted to Prof. Dr. H. A. Brouwer (Amsterdam) for his permission to publish the results of these investigations on materials belonging to the Geological Institution, to Prof. Dr. H. Gerth for placing at his disposal the present collection and his field notes, and further to Dr. Ch. Bayer (Leiden), Mrs. W. S. S. van der Feen-van Benthem Jutting (Amsterdam), Mr. L. de Priester (Apeldoorn), Dr. F. A. Schilder (Naumburg-on-Saale), and Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin (St Leonards-on-Sea) for their assistance in identifying the recorded species. 2. List of the localities.\nThe numbers in brackets refer to the sketch map (fig. 1). The remarks on local conditions have been borrowed from field notes by Prof. Gerth and from the labels of the samples. The localities have been classified from an ecological point of view by Prof. Gerth.\nA. Beaches with coral reefs.\nNorth coast: a) Thousand Islands (Duizend Eilanden) (7).\nThis is the only sample not collected by Prof. Gerth himself; it was collected by Prof. J. H. F. Umbgrove. The labels contain no particulars about the exact locality or localities from which the shells derive. According