ALBERT

Description: In May 1938 I had the opportunity to observe seven living Aplysia depilans in the Zoological Station Naples. Notes on the size and colour were made and different methods of preservation were tried.\nAs one often wonders how much of the original colour pattern has been preserved in museum specimens of Aplysia, it seems important to give the result of the comparison of the living specimens as studied in 1938 and the same specimens after 18 years of preservation, in 1956. The best way of preservation appears to be killing in diluted alcohol as specimen nr. V shows.

Description: The following account of the non-marine Mollusca of the Island of Sumatra, the second largest of the Greater Sunda Islands (surface 440.000 km2) is based on the following collections: 1. Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, including the material collected by Prof. Max Weber, Dr. L. P. de Bussy, Jhr. Dr. F. C. van Heurn, Prof. J. C. van der Meer Mohr, Dr. E. Jacobson, and many others. 2. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden. 3. Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor (Java). 4. Naturhistorisches Museum, Basle (Switzerland). 5. Zoologisches Museum, Z\xc3\xbcrich (Switzerland). 6. Mus\xc3\xa9um d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Geneva (Switzerland). 7. Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main (Germany). 8. Mr. J. P. van Niel, who lived in Sumatra from 1951 to 1956 and made great efforts to collect molluscs in his leisure time. This material has been presented to the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. 9. Various private cabinet owners in the Netherlands and one in Switzerland who received their material from relations overseas.\nIn the list of localities these collections will be referred to by the following symbols: ZMA Zoological Museum, Amsterdam RMNH Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden MBo Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Bogor MBa Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel MZh Zoologisches Museum, Z\xc3\xbcrich MGv Museum d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Geneva SMF Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt Nl Mr. J. P. van Niel Br Mr. A. C. van Bruggen, Leiden Bt Mr. L. J. M. Butot, Haarlem By Dr. P. Bohny, Basle Dr Mr. J. Drijver, Wageningen Ls Dr. F. E. Loosjes, Wageningen Nb Mr. W. H. Neuteboom, Heemskerk Sl Mr. L. van der Slik, Rotterdam Vm Mr. L. A. W. C. Venmans, Moergestel

Description: Am 5. August 1956 traf von Dr. H. Kern auf dem Schiffswege aus Djakarta eine erwachsene Netzschlange, Python reticulatus Schn., von 6.40 m L\xc3\xa4nge im Tierpark Berlin ein. In ihre Kiste hatte man f\xc3\xbcr den etwa vier Wochen dauernden Schiffstransport ein lebendes Huhn (gro\xc3\x9fer Malaiischer K\xc3\xa4mpfer) hineingesetzt, das unterwegs gefressen wurde. Reste davon \xe2\x80\x94 darunter ein Fu\xc3\x9f \xe2\x80\x94 wurden dann unvollkommen verdaut wieder erbrochen. Nach der Ankunft in Berlin brachten wir die Riesenschlange zun\xc3\xa4chst provisorisch in einem kleinen Terrarium unter. Dort nahm sie zwei mittelgro\xc3\x9fe Meerschweinchen zu sich. Mittlerweile war ein gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9ferer Beh\xc3\xa4lter f\xc3\xbcr das Tier fertiggestellt worden, in den die inzwischen durch die W\xc3\xa4rme der Schlangenfarm munterer gewordene Schlange umgesetzt wurde. Hier verweigerte die Schlange in der Folge jede weitere Nahrung. Es zeigte sich nunmehr \xe2\x80\x94 4 m distal von der Schnauzenspitze \xe2\x80\x94 eine abgetreppte Verschiebung (Abb. 1) der Wirbels\xc3\xa4ule, die auf einen Bruch des R\xc3\xbcckgrates schlie\xc3\x9fen lie\xc3\x9f. Die Schlange magerte in den folgenden Wochen erheblich ab, und der Bruch trat endlich so stark in Erscheinung, da\xc3\x9f der Python nicht mehr ausgestellt werden konnte. W\xc3\xa4hrend die Schlange in der ersten Zeit noch sehr aggressiv war und der vor dem Bruch liegende K\xc3\xb6rperteil immer noch hoch aufgerichtet wurde, ergriff in zunehmendem Ma\xc3\x9fe immer gr\xc3\xb6\xc3\x9fere Apathie das Tier, bis es schlie\xc3\x9flich v\xc3\xb6llig teilnahmslos herumlag. Innerhalb von vier Monaten erfolgten drei H\xc3\xa4utungen. Hinter dem Bruch schwoll der v\xc3\xb6llig gel\xc3\xa4hmte K\xc3\xb6rperabschnitt bis zum After stark an (Abb. 2). Der Schwanz blieb von der Schwellung unber\xc3\xbchrt. Der K\xc3\xb6rperumfang vor dem Bruch betrug 35 cm, hinter ihm 56 cm. Die Haut des aufgetriebenen K\xc3\xb6rperteiles war sehr m\xc3\xbcrbe und n\xc3\xa4\xc3\x9fte an verschiedenen Stellen. Am 30. November 1956 starb die Netzschlange. Der angeschwollene Teil ging nach dem Tode der Schlange sofort in F\xc3\xa4ulnis \xc3\xbcber. Im Enddarm fand sich eine riesige Menge von Harns\xc3\xa4urekristallen gespeichert, obwohl w\xc3\xa4hrend der Krankheit des Tieres wiederholt gro\xc3\x9fe Portionen von Kot manuell aus der Kloake geholt worden waren.\nDr. G. BEUTEL (Berlin-Lichtenberg) \xc3\xbcbernahm freundlicherweise das R\xc3\xb6ntgen und die entsprechende Deutung. Es stellte sich \xe2\x80\x94 wie vermutet \xe2\x80\x94 tats\xc3\xa4chlich ein Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulenbruch heraus. Der betreffende Wirbel ist stark destruiert. Hier macht die Wirbels\xc3\xa4ule einen nach rechts gerichteten Knick (Abb. 4), und beim Seitenbild erkennt man au\xc3\x9ferdem eine Versetzung der beiden Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulenabschnitte in dorsoventraler Richtung um fast die volle Wirbels\xc3\xa4ulendicke (Abb. 5). Wolkige Schattenbildungen an diesem Abschnitt d\xc3\xbcrften Callus sein. Auf der Seitenaufnahme sieht man weiterhin multiple alte und frische Rippenfrakturen, von denen die letzteren durch kr\xc3\xa4ftigen Callus bereits \xc3\xbcberbr\xc3\xbcckt werden. In H\xc3\xb6he des destruierten Wirbels sind links mehrere Rippen zu sehen, die z.T. etwas aufgetrieben sind und zentrale Aufhellungen mit exzentrischer Verd\xc3\xbcnnung der Compacta aufweisen. Hierbei d\xc3\xbcrfte es sich um Enchondrome handeln. Soweit die Tatsachen und die Befunde.

Description: At the Royal Zoological Gardens \xe2\x80\x9cBlijdorp\xe2\x80\x9d at Rotterdam May 6th 1958 a Father David\xe2\x80\x99s Deer gave birth to a female calf. It was the first young of this three year old doe.\nDuring the days before the day of birth the doe was seen several times leaping upon the buck. Experience with other Ungulates has taught that such behaviour may be regarded as an indication that the time of delivery is approaching. On the day of birth the doe refused her food as has been observed in many other mammals. She lay down very often, gnashed her molar teeth and made movements with her head towards the belly and the udder, the ears flattened to the neck, as if she was suffering from cramps. One had the impression, however, that the expulsion of the young was kept back until the keeper went home and the door of the stable was closed. Apparently a great number of mammals prefer to give birth to their young in the quietest part of the space of 24 hours. For most mammals this is the evening or the night, but bats very frequently give birth during the day which is their time of rest (SLIJPER, 1959). A postponement of birth until all is quiet has frequently been observed in zoological gardens. In natural surroundings the Ringed Seal (Phoca hispida Schreb.) and other Seals are said to be able to postpone birth as long as 10 days if the weather is very bad (KRUMBIEGEL, 1947).

Description: 1. Extensors and flexors trochanteris of the second thoracic leg of Periplaneta americana were investigated physiologically and toxicologically. 2. The movements of the separate muscles were recorded with the aid of a special myographic technique. 3. Nerve muscle preparations of a completely fast and a nearly completely slow function type could be studied in this way. Some muscles represent a form in which both function types occur, probably mixed. When analysed, ryanodine appeared to be a valuable expedient. In some types of nerve muscle preparations inhibition could be demonstrated. 4. Linking up with what is known, it is reasonably certain that the action of high dosages of DDT actually takes place on motor axons or myoneural junctions and not on the muscle fibre itself. Not all of the different nerve muscle preparations seemed to be of the same sensitivity to this poison. 5. \xce\xb3-HCH appears to have a very slight influence on the function of the different types of isolated nerve muscle preparations. However, because of the intense motor activity the muscles become greatly fatigued.

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 1\nOrder Artiodactyla Owen............... 8\nFamily Bovidae Gray................ 8\nSubfamily Bovinae Gill................ 8\nDuboisia santeng (Dubois).............. 8\nEpileptobos groeneveldtii (Dubois)............ 19\nHemibos triquetricornis R\xc3\xbctimeyer............ 60\nHemibos acuticornis (Falconer et Cautley).......... 61\nBubalus palaeokerabau Dubois............. 62\nBubalus bubalis (L.) subsp............... 77\nBibos palaesondaicus Dubois.............. 78\nBibos javanicus (d\'Alton) subsp.............. 98\nSubfamily Caprinae Gill................ 99\nCapricornis sumatraensis (Bechstein) subsp........... 99\nLiterature cited.................. 106\nExplanation of the plates............... 11o\nINTRODUCTION\nThe Bovidae make up a very large portion of the Dubois collection of fossil vertebrates from Java, second only to the Proboscidea in bulk. Before Dubois began his explorations in Java in 1890 we knew very little about the fossil bovids of that island. Martin (1887, p. 61, pl. VII fig. 2) described a horn core as Bison sivalensis Falconer (?); Bison sivalensis Martin has already been placed in the synonymy of Bibos palaesondaicus Dubois by Von Koenigswald (1933, p. 93), which is evidently correct. Pilgrim (in Bron-

Description: CONTENTS\nIntroduction...............1\nTaxonomic studies.............3\nProvespa...............7\nVespa................10\nBionomics of Oriental and Papuan Vespinae........51\nProvespa...............51\nVespa................52\nHabitat...............52\nFood...............53\nColony foundation, castes, and periodicity.......59\nNest construction.............60\nDuration of life of colonies...........64\nAggressiveness and effect of sting.........66\nEnemies ..............69\nMimicry...............71\nDistribution of Oriental and Papuan Vespinae........72\nLiterature...............80\nIndex................83\nINTRODUCTION\nIt is now more than fifty years ago since R. du Buysson published a monograph of the genus Vespa, a group of wasps which is at present regarded as representing a subfamily consisting of four or five different genera.\nIn the collections used for the preparation of that work, the fauna of the

Description: CONTENTS\nA. Introduction.................. 1\nB. History of Suriname Carcinology............ 4\nI. Popular literature............... 4\nII. Scientific literature............... 11\nIII. Economic literature............... 17\nIV. Collectors................. 17\nV. Expeditions................. 34\nC. Occurrence of Decapoda in Suriname.......... 41\nD. Economic Importance of Suriname Decapoda......... 43\nE. Enemies of Suriname Decapoda............. 44\nF. Vernacular Names................ 47\nG. Notes on the Species............... 49\na. Macrura.................. 49\nb. Anomura.................. 130\nc. Brachyura.................. 162\nH. Literature cited................. 277\nA.\nINTRODUCTION\nThe decapod fauna of the three Guianas (British, Dutch, and French) is very poorly known. A few scattered notes exist which deal with the crabs and shrimps of the region, but no comprehensive account of the Decapoda of any of the three countries has ever been published apart from Young\'s (1900) "The stalk-eyed Crustacea of British Guiana, West Indies and Bermuda", which, however, also covers the West Indian Islands and Bermuda (including the deep-water species), and furthermore is incomplete.

Description: I.\nINLEIDING\nDe vaak gestelde vraag of er in de Nederlandse Antillen ook zeekreeften voorkomen, kan naar gelang van de definitie van het woord zeekreeft zowel ontkennend als bevestigend beantwoord worden. Dat de nederlandse zeekreeft, Homarus gammarus (Linnaeus), er niet voorkomt zal wellicht niemand bevreemden, maar ook de noordamerikaanse soort, Homarus americanus H. Milne Edwards, ontbreekt er. Wel vindt men in de zee\xc3\xabn rondom de Nederlandse Antillen andere kreeften, die echter niet tot de familie der echte zeekreeften (Nephropsidae) behoren, doch tot de families van de langoesten (Palinuridae) en beerkreeften (Scyllaridae). In tegenstelling met de Nephropsidae hebben deze laatste twee families geen echte scharen aan de eerste drie paren looppoten.\nVan de langoesten zijn tot nu toe vier soorten in de Nederlandse Antillen gevonden, terwijl er twee soorten beer- of zandkreeften aangetroffen werden. Deze zes soorten zullen hieronder uitvoerig besproken worden. Enkele andere soorten kreeften zijn in het overige West Indi\xc3\xab waargenomen, doch dit zijn meest dieren uit het diepere water. Mocht echter een dergelijke, hier niet besproken soort in de Nederlandse Antillen gevangen worden, dan is dit een zeer belangrijke vondst en verdient het aanbeveling het exemplaar ter identificatie op te zenden aan het Caraibisch Marien Biologisch Instituut, Piscadera Baai, Willemstad, Cura\xc3\xa7ao (postadres Berg Carmelweg 7, Willemstad), of aan het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, waar het dan aan een nader onderzoek zal worden onderworpen. De dieren worden het best geconserveerd in 70 % alcohol of in een 4 % formaline oplossing; soms is aan droge schilden (zowel die van de staart als van het kop-borst-

Description: INHOUD\nPag.\nI. Inleiding.................. 1\nII. Historisch overzicht............... 3\nIII. Epidemiologie en oecologie............. 13\nIV. Klinische waarnemingen, pathologie, diagnose en behandeling .... 24\nV. Aetiologie.................. 27\nVI. Scrub itch.................. 28\nVII. Preventieve maatregelen.............. 31\nVIII. Taxonomie van de Trombiculidae . ......... 36\nIX. Conclusies.................. 44\nX. Literatuur ................. 45\nI.\nINLEIDING\nGedurende de tweede wereldoorlog, in de strijd tegen Japan, hebben de geallieerde troepen in Z.O. Azi\xc3\xab en het gebied van de Z.W. Pacific kennis gemaakt met een ernstige ziekte, scrub typhus genaamd, die in korte tijd de gevechtswaarde van de troepen aanzienlijk kon verminderen. Alleen reeds in Nederlands Nieuw Guinea, waar de ziekte voor de oorlog niet bekend was, deden zich enkele duizenden gevallen voor en het totale aantal voor het gehele gebied van Nieuw Guinea en de aangrenzende eilanden is veel hoger (ongeveer 9.000). Scrub typhus volgde als belangrijke ziekte in vele gebieden direct op malaria en was bij de troepen meer gevreesd.\nMerkwaardigerwijze werden na het vertrek van de geallieerde troepen bijna geen gevallen meer gerapporteerd, tot er zich in 1953 en 1954 plotseling weer een aantal voordeden bij de op Biak en de Padaido-eilanden gelegerde

Description: \xe2\x80\x94 During the last World War Dr Ohwi worked for several years in the Herbarium Bogoriense and compiled a preliminary revision of the Malaysian representatives of the genus Fimbristylis. The absence of any world revision, the temporary inaccessibility of type material, and of adequate literature, were the causes that this revision had an entirely preliminary shape and made it inadvisable to publish the MS as it was, due to circumstances alluded to above.\nFortunately Mr J. H, Kern, who is in charge of the colossal job of organizing the revision of Cyperaceae for the Flora Malesiana, has undertaken the delicate, time-consuming task of carefully checking the novelties distinguished by Dr Ohwi, which are to be incorporated in his own revision of the genus. Some species distinguished by Dr Ohwi have appeared to be conspecific with already described species from other parts of the palaeotropics, others have since 1941 been described by contemporaneous workers on the genus. The following species have hitherto stood the test and are at present accepted by Mr Kern and Dr Ohwi as good new species. Permission for publication was readily granted both by the Keeper of the Herbarium Bogoriense and by Dr Ohwi. I am exceedingly grateful both to them and to Mr Kern for their mutual trust and co-operation and their generous attitude. C. G. G. J. VAN STEENIS.

Description: Differt a speciebus ceteris generis Riveae habitu erecto et praesertim speciei proximae Riveae ornatae sepalis exterioribus margine piano non involute et staminibus circa medium tubi corollae insertis vel paullo inferius.\nIndo-China. Laos, prov. Vientiane, vicinity of Vientiane, c. 200 m alt., in open Dipterocarpaceae monsoon forest, on sandy lateritic soil; erect shrub, 1.50 m high; flowers white with greenish midpetaline bands, fl. Aug. 20, 1953 (rain-season); vernacular name: phi yik; Vidal 2350 (TL, type; fragments in L). A fruiting specimen from the same locality was collected Oct. 8, 1952; Vidal 1120 (TL; fragments in L).

Description: In the present study only those species of the genus Pouteria have been incorporated which are found in the area covered by the Flora Malesiana, as well as those of Australia and western Polynesia.\nThe results of this study could not have been obtained without the kind help of the Directors of the herbaria of Berkeley, Brisbane, Bogor, Florence, Jamaica Plain, Kew, Lae, Leiden, London, Manila, Melbourne, Paris, Singapore, Stockholm, Sydney and Z\xc3\xbcrich to whom we express our most sincere thanks.

Description: During a recent treatment of the Proteaceae for \xe2\x80\x9cFlora Malesiana\xe2\x80\x9d it has become evident that a revision of the generic status of all proteaceous taxa reported from S. Asia and Malaysia as well as from the adjacent regions of Micronesia, Melanesia, Polynesia and subtropical-tropical Australia had to be made to reach a satisfactory correlation of the genera and species concerned as a basis for the discussion of phytogeographical relations both within and outside the proper Malaysian area. During this work it appeared necessary to transfer some species to other genera. A revision of the genus Helicia showed that a group of species had to be segregated as a distinct new genus Heliciopsis.\nMy studies are based on herbarium specimens borrowed from the following Institutions: Arnold Arboretum (A), Bot. Mus. Berlin-Dahlem (B, where the type-material of the family remained intact), Bogor (BO), Brisbane (BRI), Calcutta (CAL), Edinburgh (E), Florence (FT), Kepong (KEP), Lae (LAE), Leiden (L), Melbourne (MEL), Miinchen (M), New York (NY), Manila (PNH), Singapore (SING), Stockholm (S) and Utrecht (IT). The material preserved in the British Museum (BM), at Kew (K), and Paris (P) has been studied during a stay at London and Paris.

Description: For identifying the mosses collected in different localities of the Malaysian region, the need was felt for a key to the genera. In the preliminary one that I constructed to this end the genera were taken in the delimitation accepted in the second edition of Brotherus, Nat\xc3\xbcrl. Pflanzf. In addition to the latter the genera published after 1925 and therefore not included in Brotherus 1. c. are taken into account. In revising the families for Flora Malesiana I will doubtless be compelled to alter the position of some of the species and the delimitation of some of the genera, and at the end of series III of Flora Malesiana, which will contain the Mosses, I therefore intend to give a final key. I sincerely hope that the preliminary key will in the meantime have been tested by different bryologists, and that they will let me profit by their remarks. For this reason it is published here.\nThe analytical key is based as far as possible on vegetative characters, especially on the shape of the leaf cells. The principal features of the sporophyte are noted, but are not, as a rule, made use of as alternatives. This applies particularly to those alternatives that lead to the main groups. Only when no reliable vegetative characters could be found, have characters of the sporophyte, especially those of the peristome, been used. The habitat of each genus, not its distribution in the Malaysian region, is indicated in the key.

Description: Payena as a genus was created by Alphonse De Candolle in his Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis in 1844. He commemorated in it the French chemist A. Payen (1795\xe2\x80\x941871) in Paris. De Candolle placed in it the species Mimusops lucida, first described by G. Don; the latter employed this nomen nudum used by Wallich in his List of specimens in the East India Company\xe2\x80\x99s Museum (1858). The famous Swiss botanist characterized the new genus by the following diagnosis on page 196: \xe2\x80\x9cCalyx 4-partitus (nec 8-partitus, ut dixit cl. G. Don), lobis ovatis, obtusis extus et margine puberulis, 2 exterioribus latioribus. Corolla 8-fida, basi tubulosa, superne campanulata, calyce vix longior; lobis 2 ante lobum quemque calycis, ovato-acutis, glabris. Stamina 8, tubo corollae prope faucem inserta, lobis opposita, denticulis interjectis. Filamenta brevissima. Antherae lanceolatae, angulosae, inclusae, filamento multo longiores, connectivo in acumen obtusiusculum carnosum producto, loculis subextrorsis, longitudinaliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium hirsutum, 8-loculare. Stylus rectus, glaber, calyee duplo longior, apice obscure dentatus. Ovula 8, ovoideo-angulosa, acuta, deinde ovoidea, ex angula superiore cujusve loculi pendentia. Fructus ign. \xe2\x80\x94 Frutex? aut arbuscula? foliis ellipticis, basi subacutis, apice obtuse acuminatis, glaberrimis, superne nitidis, subtus pallidioribus; pedicellis 1\xe2\x80\x943 ex axillis foliorum superiorum, petiolo duplo longioribus, erectis, pilis minimis adpressis subpubescentibus. \xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9d He placed it between Isonandra and Bassia and \xe2\x80\x9cperhaps near Azaola\xe2\x80\x9d (\xe2\x80\x9cforsanque Azaolae proximum\xe2\x80\x9d). Today Isonandra is to be considered a genus in the neighbourhood of Palaquium (a group with the parts of calyx and corolla isomerous), and Bassia and Azaola are considered synonymous to Madhuca. De Candolle, while correcting the evident mistake of Don concerning the number of parts of the calyx, makes himself another by saying \xe2\x80\x9cStamina 8...\xe2\x80\x9d (see under P. lucida).

Description: P. Danguy a cr\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9 en 1928 le genre Decarydendron (in Bull. Mus. nat. Hist. Nat. Paris, 34, p. 279) pour une Monimiac\xc3\xa9e qui habite Madagascar. Il a d\xc3\xa9sign\xc3\xa9 cette plante sous le nom de Decarydendron helenae. les intr\xc3\xa9pides explorateurs Lam En 1938, et Meeuse ont r\xc3\xa9colt\xc3\xa9 dans la for\xc3\xaat orientale de la Grande-Ile deux sp\xc3\xa9cimens d\xe2\x80\x99un petit arbre de 5 m de haut, cauliflore sur les jeunes branches, qui pr\xc3\xa9sentent tous les caract\xc3\xa8res du genre Decarydendron.\nL\xe2\x80\x99examen de ces \xc3\xa9chantillons nous a r\xc3\xa9v\xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9 qu\xe2\x80\x99il s\xe2\x80\x99agit bien d\xe2\x80\x99une esp\xc3\xa8ce nouvelle que nous appelerons Decarydendron lamii en l\xe2\x80\x99honneur de M. le Professeur Lam, Directeur de l\xe2\x80\x99Herbarium de Leiden.

Description: Trees. Leaves estipulate, alternate, scattered, simple, oblong to obovate, petiolate, tertiary nerves transverse, often numerous, always faint. Inflorescences many-florous, fasciculate on brachyblasts which are inserted in the axils of leaves or their scars, rarely in those of stout petiole-like bracts. Flowers 6(\xe2\x80\x948)-merous. Sepals 6(\xe2\x80\x948), spirally arranged or pseudo-cyclical. Corolla exsert, lobes 6(\xe2\x80\x948), as long as or longer than tube. Stamens 6(\xe2\x80\x948), inserted just or well below the corolla-throat, epipetalous. Staminodes 6(\xe2\x80\x948), episepalous, inserted in the throat. Ovary 6(\xe2\x80\x948)-celled, borne on a short stout gynophore, disk infundibuliform at apex of gynophore, more or less connate with the basal (fertile) part of the ovary, the whole (except style) hispidulous pilose, cells episepalous, ovules one in each cell, inserted in the lower half of the cells, apotropous, micropyle inferior; style short, glabrous, truncate. Fruits unknown.\nType species: Krausella forbesii (Moore) H. J. Lam.

Description: In his Numerical List Wallich inserted four specific epithets in the genus Kurrimia, viz 4334 K. pulcherrima Wall., 4335 K. calophylla Wall., 4336 K. paniculata Wall., and later 7200 K.? macrophylla Wall. The latter one was provided with a question mark; it was a new combination for Itea macrophylla Wall. No generic or specific descriptions were provided, merely the indication that the name Kurrimia was named in honour of Kurrim Khan who had faithfully served the Calcutta Botanic Garden as its curator for four decades.\nA few years later Walker-Arnott described a genus Bhesa Ham. ex Arn. (Edinb. New Phil. J. 16, 1834, 315) for which he provided a full generic description and brief but clear diagnoses of two species, viz B. moja Ham. and B. paniculata Arn., the former one based on Hamilton 788 from Hamilton\xe2\x80\x99s herbarium at Edinburgh, the latter on a Penang specimen from J. D. Hooker. He found himself \xe2\x80\x9cnot able to discover any reference to it in Dr Wallich\xe2\x80\x99s List\xe2\x80\x9d.

Description: Although Clarke saw the type of Scirpus erectus Poir. in the Paris Herbarium he misapplied the name to a quite different species occurring in Madagascar, S. and E. Asia, and tropical Australia. Herein he was followed by Ridley, Merrill, Backer, and others. It has now generally been accepted that the correct name of this species is Scirpus juncoides Roxb. and that the name Scirpus erectus Poir. does not belong to its synonymy. After having examined the type of S. erectus I am convinced that the question was admirably cleared up by Chermezon (see Arch. Bot. 4, 1931, 26, and also in Humbert, Fl. Madag., fam. 29, 1937, 149). Scirpus erectus is much nearer to the European S. supinus L. than to S. juncoides Roxb. It differs from S. supinus by the larger spikelets, the larger, more distinctly mucronate glumes, the bristly appendage of the connective, the bifid style, and the larger, biconvex, only faintly wavyridged, elliptic or suborbicular nuts. It is an African species extending from the Mediterranean region through tropical Africa to Madagascar and Mauritius.\nThere can be no doubt that Isolepis uninodis Delile is conspecific with Scirpus erectus Poir. Delile\xe2\x80\x99s description is very accurate: \xe2\x80\x9c\xc3\xa9pis cylindriques, ovo\xc3\xafdes-lanceol\xc3\xa9s ... \xc3\xa9cailles ovales, aigu\xc3\xabs ... deux stigmates ... graine lenticulaire, transversalement rugueux vers les bords.\xe2\x80\x9d The differences with Scirpus supinus are clearly indicated: \xe2\x80\x9cses graines [du S. supinus] sont ovo\xc3\xafdes-cun\xc3\xa9iformes, trigones, rid\xc3\xa9es transversalement sur toute leur surface; ses styles sont trifides.\xe2\x80\x9d Moreover, Delile\xe2\x80\x99s excellent figure leaves no doubt whatever on the identity of his species.

Description: Cucumis anguria L., the \xe2\x80\x9cWest India Gherkin\xe2\x80\x9d or \xe2\x80\x9cBur Gherkin\xe2\x80\x9d, is a cultigen known to have occurred in the West Indies in a cultivated or more or less adventitious state since before 1650 when the first accounts of this plant were published (1, 2). The occurrence of a single species of this old world genus \xe2\x80\x94 which is mainly African but extends through South West Asia to India \xe2\x80\x94 in America, combined with the fact that it is almost exclusively found in cultivation or as an escape, makes one feel suspicious about its being truly indigenous in the New World.\nNaudin (4) discussed the history of this plant and suggested that it was originally introduced from West Africa whence negro slaves were brought to the New World. However, he admittedly did not know any wild African species of Cucumis which resembles C. anguria sufficiently to deserve consideration as its probable ancestor.

Description: Both Nusa Bailing Island and Blambangan Peninsula consist of limestone hills; they are nowadays uninhabited and forest-clad. On Nusa Bailing the forest is mixed and not conspicuously dominated by certain genera. On Blambangan the forest contains much bamboo, which points to ancient human influence, and a number of species characteristic for \xe2\x80\x98monsoon-forest\xe2\x80\x99. A few remarks on history, and data about the author\xe2\x80\x99s routes, are given. Most of the plants collected are recorded in sketches of the vegetation. The f. lobata of Gmelina elliptica (Verben.) is reduced. Novelties are not reported, and it is doubtful whether the areas in question deserve much further attention for botanical exploration.

Description: Thallus squamulose, yellow-brown to fulvous, not pruinose, underside black. Cortex paraplectenchymatous covered with necral layer, colourless below, brownish above, 27\xe2\x80\x9434 \xc2\xb5, lumina 6\xe2\x80\x948 X 4\xe2\x80\x946 \xc2\xb5, brownish zone C + reddish. Apothecia one to several per squamule, congested, with somewhat elevated margin, and red-brown disc becoming rugulose with age, up to 1.3 mm. diam. Hymenium colourless, brown towards epithecium, J + blue, turning red-brown, 83\xe2\x80\x9490 \xc2\xb5. Asci clavate, more than 100-spored, 67\xe2\x80\x9470 X 16\xe2\x80\x9418 \xc2\xb5. Spores 1-celled, cylindrical-ellipsoid, 4.5\xe2\x80\x945.8 X 0.8\xe2\x80\x942.5 \xc2\xb5. Paraphyses septate, sparingly branched, 1\xe2\x80\x942 \xc2\xb5, apices clavate, 4\xe2\x80\x945 \xc2\xb5.\nThere seems to be some uncertainty as to the citation of the second author. Arnold (1884: 316) on transferring Wahlenberg\xe2\x80\x99s Parmelia peliocypha to the genus Acarospora, retained the original spelling of the specific epithet, whereas Fries (1861: 189) had changed the latter into \xe2\x80\x98peliscypha\xe2\x80\x99. However, since both recombinations are based on the same type, \xe2\x80\x98peliocypha\xe2\x80\x99 and \xe2\x80\x98peliscypha\xe2\x80\x99 should be regarded as orthographic variants. Fries\xe2\x80\x99s transfer is of an earlier date than Arnold\xe2\x80\x99s, but instead of the spelling as used by Fries, the original one should be adhered to (Art. 73).

Description: My colleague Lam, in whose honour this volume is composed, has made it very easy for contributors to find a subject in a field in which he has worked himself. His versatile interest nearly covered the whole of the taxonomy and phylogeny of vascular plants, subjects in theoretical biology, plant morphology, plant geography, and plant ecology. In the latter section his \xe2\x80\x9cFragmenta papuana\xe2\x80\x9d contains an inspiring picture of tropical vegetation in correlation with environment.\nI have pleasure on this occasion in offering some considerations in the field of plant ecology. The subject which I have chosen deals with the way of reasoning when interpreting a correlation found to exist between vegetation and environment. I have not infrequently traced a deficiency in such interpretation and I feel a need of discussing this point which is, in my opinion, a matter of vital importance.

Description: A new species of Septobasidium is described, in relation with which the position of the genus Uredinella is discussed.

Description: The flora of the higher mountains of New Guinea has been the object of several extensive collecting trips in the past forty years. Until quite recently, however, a serious gap in our knowledge was the very scanty information available from the area between Mount Wilhelmina in the West and Mount Sarawaket and Mount Albert Edward in the East. Recently Mount Wilhelm, the highest mountain in this area and also the highest mountain in the Eastern half of the island, was visited on several occasions when botanical collections were made. The following collections are the most extensive ones and these are the only ones studied for this paper: In medio July, 1956 R. Pullen and myself spent ten days on the mountain with a camp near Lake Aunde as our base. In end July\xe2\x80\x94early August, 1956 J.S. Womersley collected in the same area and some more collections were made in August, 1957 by R. G. Robbins.\nOn these three occasions the mountain was approached from the East from Keglsugl in the Upper Chimbu Valley, along the valley locally known as Pindaunde. Alpine grassland comes down in this and other valleys to an altitude of ca 11000 feet (ca 3300 m), but on the steeper slopes and on the ridges the forest and shrubbery does not disappear until about 12500 feet (ca 3750 m). Pindaude, which down to 11000 feet (3300 m) is clearly of glacial origin, has a flat, ill-drained valley floor with peaty grassland, and fairly steep, locally rocky, lateral slopes which are covered with a subalpine forest, towards higher altitudes changing into alpine shrubbery. This shrubbery becomes patchy higher up and finally disappears at ca 12300 feet (ca 3690 m). Above that altitude, individual shrubs occur up to ca 12800 feet (ca 3840 m).

Description: In the course of my recent revision of the genus Rhododendron in Malaysia it has become evident, that the subsect. Irrorata, regarded as purely South Eastern Asiatic up to now, is also represented in the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra, whilst the subsect. Euvireya, outside of its large Malaysian area, has outposts in Indochina, and the subsect. Pseudovireya covers an enormous area from the Eastern Himalaya and S.W. China over the whole of Malaysia to New Guinea. Through the \xe2\x80\x99Species of Rhododendron\xe2\x80\x99 (1930, 2nd ed. 1917), the Eastern Asiatic Rhododendrons are rather well known for India, Burma, China and Japan, but less so for Siam, while those of Indochina were omitted. It seemed therefore necessary to elaborate the latter critically, not only to fill the gap between our knowledge of the proper Eastern Asiatic and Malaysian Rhododendrons taxonomically, but also for a better understanding of the geographical relations within the old-world groups of the genus, i.e. their mutual overlapping in the area between the two supposed evolutionary centres of Rhododendron, the primary one in proper continental Asia, a secondary one in Malaysia.\nVarious trips to Great Britain and France enabled me to study the material deposited in the herbaria of London (Brit. Museum Natural History), Kew and Edinburgh, and the specimens which Dop has had for his treatment of the genus in the Fl. G\xc3\xa9n. de l\xe2\x80\x99Indo-Chine (1930) in the Paris Museum. The more recently collected and not yet classified material at Paris helped us to enlarge our knowledge of the Indochinese Rhododendrons considerably. The type specimen of R. ningyuenense Hand.-Mazz. was kindly lent from the Botanical Institute of the Vienna University.

Description: 1.a. Achene 10-ribbed; pappus reddish (when dry) ..... 2 b. Achene angular or subterete with less than 10 ribs or not ribbed; pappus white, dingy white or reddish (when dry) .... 3 2.a. Pappus uni-seriate or nearly so ...... Decaneurum b. Pappus clearly bi-seriate ......... Lepidaploa 3.a. Pappus uni-seriate or, if bi-seriate, inner involucral scales caducous afterwards .............. 4 b. Pappus bi-seriate ............. 5 4.a. Heads many-flowered; involucral scales linear-lanceolate to oblong, acute to very pointed at the top ....... Cyanopis b. Heads 1\xe2\x80\x9410-flowered; involucral scales oblong or ovate, small, obtuse at the top .......... Strobocalyx 5.a. Achene angular, glabrous or pilose; outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae or scales ........ 6 b. Achene terete or subterete, more or less clearly ribbed, more or less appressed pubescent; setae of the outer row of the pappus filiform Tephrodes 6.a. Heads paniculate, corymbose or few together, pedunculate, 12- to many-flowered ............. 7 b. Heads glomerate, sessile or subsessile, 2\xe2\x80\x949-flowered .. Congestae 7.a. Outer row of the pappus consisting of flattened setae. Claothrachelus b. Outer row of the pappus consisting of scales .... Lepidella

Description: Es l\xc3\xa4sst sich von den Tropenfloren feststellen: 1.) Die Tropenfloren erweitern das morphologische Spektrum des Angiospermen-Systems im Bereiche der systematisch wichtigen Organisationsmerkmale durch ihren Reichtum an eigenen Familien und Gattungen ganz bedeutend. Diese Merkmale stellen oftmals relativ urspr\xc3\xbcngliche Typen dar, welche wertvolle Hinweise f\xc3\xbcr typologisch-phylogenetische Ableitungen ergeben. 2.) In den Tropenfloren steckt also wahrscheinlich das \xc3\xa4lteste Zentrum der Bl\xc3\xbctenpflanzen, und a.) das Studium des tropischen Milieus und b.) die Analyse der Ausbildungsmerkmale tropischer Gew\xc3\xa4chse lassen eindringlich erkennen, dass die heute meist noch \xc3\xbcblichen Interpretationen von Merkmalsabwandlungen in ihrer Differenzierungsrichtung verkehrt sind, ihre Vektoren umgekehrt werden m\xc3\xbcssen, um zu typologisch-phylogenetischen Reihen zu gelangen. Es kann nicht mehr, \xe2\x80\x94 wie es sich historisch entwickelt hat \xe2\x80\x94 vom Temperierten zum Tropischen vorgeschritten werden, sondern man hat vielmehr jetzt sinngem\xc3\xa4ss die temperierten Typen von tropischen abzuleiten.\nDamit kann ein wesentlicher Schritt in Richtung einer wahrscheinlicheren typologischen Phylogenetik getan werden. Es ist heute m\xc3\xb6glich, sich \xc3\xbcber viele Merkmale einer Urpflanze Vorstellungen zu machen und von einer solchen Urpflanze alle existierenden Typen von Bl\xc3\xbctenpflanzen durch eine relativ kleine Zahl von Makroevolutions-Prozessen in einem logischen System abzuleiten, Die botanische Phylogenetik und alle \xc3\xbcbrigen botanischen und biologischen Forschungsrichtungen analysieren und erkennen an einem bestimmten Lebewesen \xe2\x80\x94 jede mit ihren eigenen Methoden und Zielen \xe2\x80\x94 vor allem die Auswirkungen ein und desselben Genoms. Ihre Resultate sind Exponenten dieses Genoms in seiner raum-zeitlichen Entwicklung, gleichg\xc3\xbcltig ob physiologisch, ob mikro- oder makromorphologisch angepackt, ob in der Ontogenese oder in der Phylogenese: Die stammesgeschichtliche Forschung analysiert jene Experimente, welche die Natur seit Jahrmillionen selber anstellt!

Description: var. bullatus, nov. var. \xe2\x80\x94 Ramuli novelli ferrugineo-velutini. Folia 1\xe2\x80\x943-juga; foliola bullata. Folliculi inconspicue rostrati.\nTypus: Kostermans 4928 (fl., fr.), E. Borneo, Sangkulirang island, alt. 20 m (Holotype in L; Isotypes in BO, K).

Description: The flower of Bertolonia marmorata, a small herbaceous plant from South Brazil, is epigynous, pentamerous except for the trimerous gynaecium, pentacyclic and diplostemonous. The ovary is fused to the perianth-tube basally, on cross-section it appears as an equilateral triangle, one corner of which is taken by a locule situated abaxially and epipetalous. The style is terminal, and the stigma simple, but around the style the walls of the ovary, especially their middle parts, extend freely upwards (Fig. 13).\nThe axillary placenta is an awl-formed structure, projecting into the locule rather perpendicular to the pistil axis.

Description: Thespesia patellifera Borss., nov. spec. \xe2\x80\x94 Arbor altior. Ramuli subangulares, denique teretes, puberuli pilis stellatis minutissimis, glabrescentes, lenticulis minutis dispersis ornati. Stipulae appressae vel patentes, late ovatae, apice acutae, subconcavae, coriaceae, puberulae pilis stellatis minutissimis, deciduae. Petiolus longior, sed plerumque lamina brevior, robustior, pilis stellatis minutissimis vestitus, glabrescens. Lamina coriacea, ovata vel latissime elliptica, basi paulum cordata vel rotundata, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, margine integra, basi 5-nervata; costa validissima, ad apicem percurrens, sine nectario; nervi laterales 3\xe2\x80\x945, sicut nervi basales ceteri erecto-patentes, recti sed prope marginem sursum curvati et in venis ramosi; lamina in pagina superiore glabra, in pagina inferiore pilis stellatis minutissimis dispersis vestita, glabreseens. Flores solitarii in axillis superioribus. Pedunculus brevior, teres, paulum infra apicem articulatus, supra articulum subite incrassatus in discum obconicum, pili stellatus minutissimis dense vestitus, glabreseens. Epicalycis segmenta probabiliter circa 3, in speciminibus typi caduca. Calyx coriaceus, patelliformis, integer (sine dentibus vel segmentibus), extus pilis stellatis minutissimis dense ornatus, intus pilis simplicibus appressis et pilis stellatis minutis praeditus. Petala obovata, ad basin angustata, apice rotundata, margine crenata, in parte inferiore crassa, in parte superiore membranacea, extus ad basin pilis stellatis dense vestita, intus subglabra. Columna staminalis petalis brevior, ab ima basi usque ad apicem stamina gerens, glabra. Ovarium late pyriforme, acuminatum, velutinum pilis stellatis minutissimis, 10-loculare; ovula circa 2 per locu; stylus brevis, sulcatus, pilis stellatis vestitus; stigma clavatum, 5-sulcatum. Pedunculus post anthesim paulum elongatus et incrassatus. Calyx vehementer amplificatus, fructum non anguste involvens sed ab eo separatus. Fructus probaliter siccus et non dehiscens, subapplanato-globosus, extus velutinus pilis stellatis minutissimis; fructus immaturus 10-locularis, seminibus 1\xe2\x80\x942 per locu \xe2\x80\x94 Fig. 2. Holotype: N.G.F. 1277 (LAE).

Description: Among a number of specimens of Convolvulaceae from the Malay Peninsula sent to me for identification by Mr. J. Sinclair, Singapore, I found a species of Argyreia, which appeared to be new to botanical science. I named it A. lamii in honour of Prof. Dr. H.J. Lam, Director of the Rijksherbarium and Professor of Systematic Botany at the University of Leiden, to whom the present Jubilee-volume of Blumea is dedicated.

Description: The genus Afrardisia was published in 1902 by C. Mez (Pflzreich IV, Fam. 236, Heft 9, 183\xe2\x80\x94184). Mez found that the only difference between Afrardisia and Ardisia Sw. was in the placentation. In Ardisia numerous ovules are scattered or arranged in more than one row on the placenta whereas in Afrardisia a single whorl of a small number of ovules occurs. There are some spp. of Ardisia which appear to be pauci-ovulate but then the ovules are irregularly scattered and not uni-seriate.\nAfrardisia was, according to Mez, confined to tropical West Africa. Actually, the genus is found throughout tropical Africa.

Description: Thallus epilithieus, crustaceus, uniformis, continuus, late expansus (usque ad 1 m latus), sat crassus, griseus, laevigatus, subnitidus, pseudocyphellis punctiformibus verruculiformibusque, albis, numerosis instructus, zona marginali laete viridi cinctus, K sordide aurantiacus, Ca et KCa immutatus; cortex chondroideus, decolor, 20\xe2\x80\x9425\xc2\xb5 crassus, ex hyphis intricatis horizontalibusque formatus; gonidia viridia, ad Trentepohliam pertinentia, zonam circ. 60 \xc2\xb5 crassam formantia; medulla stuppea, ochroleuca, crystallos includens, J caerulescens.\nApothecia lirellina, semi-immersa, subrecta vel flexuosa, repetitodichotomo-furcata, 0,2\xe2\x80\x940,3 mm lata, circ. 20 mm longa, radiatim ordinata, apicibus attenuatis; discus planus vel concavus, epruinosus, niger, opacus; margo tenuis, integer, discum leviter superans ad basin non aut leviter constrictus; hymenium 120 \xc2\xb5 altum, decolor, purum, J-; hypothecium 40\xe2\x80\x9445 \xc2\xb5 crassum, laete coloratum; epithecium laete fuligineum; excipulum integrum, fuscofuligineum; labia divergentia, integra, omnino thallo vestita; asci 8-spori, cylindrici, membrana tenui, ad apicem incrassata, cincti; sporae uni- vel biseriales, muriformes, brunneae, ellipsoideae, 8\xe2\x80\x949 X 14\xe2\x80\x94 16 \xc2\xb5, septis transversalibus 3, septis verticalibus 1, membrana tenui cinctae; paraphyses simplices, filiformes, ad apicem non incrassatae, arcte cohaerentes.

Description: A revision is given of the genera Auriscalpium, Hericium, Hydnum, and Sistotrema.\nHydnum heimii is described as a new species.

Description: Description et figures de Hydnellum auratile, combinaison nouvelle pour une esp\xc3\xa8ce longtemps oubli\xc3\xa9e, comparaison avec deux autres esp\xc3\xa8ces du m\xc3\xaame groupe et cl\xc3\xa9 de d\xc3\xa9termination.

Description: Le Rosmarineto-Lithospermetum, d\xc3\xa9fini par J. Braun\xe2\x80\x94Blanquet (1924) en Languedoc, a \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9 ensuite par R. Molinier (1934) en Provence occidentale et par G. Braun\xe2\x80\x94Blanquet (1936) dans le d\xc3\xa9partement de l\xe2\x80\x99H\xc3\xa9rault (Languedoc). D\xe2\x80\x99apr\xc3\xa8s nos connaissances actuelles il comprend onze sous-associations dont six se trouvent dans la r\xc3\xa9gion de Montpellier (Braun-Blanquet, Roussine & N\xc3\xa8gre, 1952). Des recherches sur la structure de la v\xc3\xa9g\xc3\xa9tation n\xe2\x80\x99existent que pour la sous-association schoenetosum (Zwillenberg & De Wit, 1952). Gr\xc3\xa2ce \xc3\xa0 une subvention de la part du Minist\xc3\xa8re de l\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\x89ducation, des Beaux-Arts et des Sciences (Ministerie van Onderwijs, Kunsten en Wetenschappen) du Gouvernement N\xc3\xa9erlandais, j\xe2\x80\x99avais l\xe2\x80\x99opportunit\xc3\xa9 de faire des recherches analogues dans la sousassociation helianthemetosum, lors d\xe2\x80\x99un s\xc3\xa9jour de trois mois \xc3\xa0 la S.I.G.M.A., Montpellier, en automne 1952.\nJ\xe2\x80\x99aime remercier vivement le Directeur de cet institut renomm\xc3\xa9, M le Dr. J. Braun\xe2\x80\x94Blanquet, de tout ce qu\xe2\x80\x99il a bien voulu m\xe2\x80\x99enseigner \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99occasion des discussions et des excursions faites ensemble. Ma sinc\xc3\xa8re reconnaissance va aussi \xc3\xa0 mon cher Ma\xc3\xaetre et Chef durant de longues ann\xc3\xa9es, M le Prof. Dr. H. J. Lam, qui m\xe2\x80\x99a aid\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 faire possible ce s\xc3\xa9jour \xc3\xa0 Montpellier.

Description: Since this silver jubilee does not mean the end of a career, let it merely be regarded as a landmark from which we may now look back.\nHerman Johannes Lam, born at Veendam in 1892, received his grammarschool education at the \xe2\x80\x98Gymnasium Erasmianum\xe2\x80\x99 in Rotterdam (1904\xe2\x80\x941911). He studied natural history at the State University of Utrecht (1911\xe2\x80\x941919) and enjoyed the privilege of having Prof. Dr A.A. Pulle as his teacher in systematic botany. In 1919 he obtained his doctor\xe2\x80\x99s degree on a thesis \xe2\x80\x9cThe Verbenaceae of the Malayan Archipelago etc.\xe2\x80\x9d which concluded his studies.

Description: Aulandra H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 415, f. 6; H.J. Lam, Hooker Icon. Pl. 1938, t. 3360; Baehni, Candollea 9, 1942, 419 \xe2\x80\x94 Palaquium, \xc2\xa7 Palaquioides Dubard, Bull. Soc. Bot. Pr. 56, M\xc3\xa9m. 16, 1909, 19.\nTrees. Leaves alternate, stipulate, entire, tertiary nerves transverse. Inflorescences cauliflorous, flowers terminal or axillary along short vermiform brachyblasts covered by numerous scars of bracts. Flowers bisexual, 6-merous. Sepals 6, in 2 whorls of three, united at the base. Petals 6, united at the base. Stamens 18 or 19, filaments partly tubuliformly united and the tube inserted on the corolla, anthers free, dehiscing extrorsely. Ovary 6-celled; style short or long, filiform. Fruit a berry, one-seeded, scar of seed covering almost the entire seed, albumen none.

Description: The part certain lime-secreting marine algae play in the building of coral reefs and in the formation of banks was discussed chiefly at the end of the last and in the beginnig of this century.\nAt that time it was already known that extensive parts of the sublittoral zone of the Arctic sea were covered by a luxuriant growth of Lithothamnion species. Kjellman states in 1883 (p. 96) that along the northern coast of Norway Lithothamnion soriferum \xe2\x80\x9ccovers large spaces of the bottom in great masses\xe2\x80\x9d, and that off the shores of Spitsbergen and Nova Zembla in 10 to 20 fathoms of water Lithothamnion glaciale \xe2\x80\x9ccovers the bottom in deep layers for several miles, and altogether determines the general aspect of the vegetation wherever it occurs\xe2\x80\x9d, whereas Lithothamnion norvegicum is said to form banks on the coasts of Iceland and of Greenland. Rosenvinge (1893, p. 772) reports that Lithothamnion ungeri forms banks on the coast of Iceland and of Greenland.

Description: Pendant un s\xc3\xa9jour de trois semaines \xc3\xa0 Roscoff au mois d\xe2\x80\x99avril 1957, un Sphacelaria st\xc3\xa9rile \xc3\xa9tait trouv\xc3\xa9 plusieurs fois dans les grottes et sur les parois verticaux ombrag\xc3\xa9s et sous les surplombs du littoral sup\xc3\xa9rieur qui ne pouvait pas \xc3\xaatre d\xc3\xa9termin\xc3\xa9 avec certitude, mais dont les caract\xc3\xa9ristiques correspondaient \xc3\xa0 ceux de Sphacelaria britannica Sauvageau. Il \xc3\xa9tait trouv\xc3\xa9 fructifiant sur des pierres au pied du vieux quai (c\xc3\xb4t\xc3\xa9 nord) du port de Roscoff, de sorte qu\xe2\x80\x99on pouvait l\xe2\x80\x99identifier avec certitude.\nCette esp\xc3\xa8ce n\xe2\x80\x99a pas \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 rapport\xc3\xa9e pour les c\xc3\xb4tes fran\xc3\xa7aises par Hamel (1931\xe2\x80\x941939, p. 251); je n\xe2\x80\x99ai pas pu trouver non plus des mentions dans la litt\xc3\xa9rature plus r\xc3\xa9cente.

Description: There is much confusion about, the identity of the above mentioned aroid genera, the typification of which is still unsatisfactory.

Description: The author regards the Cyphellaceae as an artificial family. He redefines it for practical purposes, suggesting the gradual removal of those elements that show relationship with other groups; several elements are referable to the Corticiaceae or the agarics. A list of the \xe2\x80\x98cyphellaceous\xe2\x80\x99 generic names tentatively included is given. The genera to be excluded from the family as defined are briefly discussed. The same applies to a long series of specific names that had or have been included. A historic chapter reviews some important developments in regard with some of the older genera, Solenia, Cyphella, Aleurodiscus, as well as the rise of the family. Some species are transferred to Aleurodiscus Rab. ex J. Schroet.; Cytidia Qu\xc3\xa9l. is redefined and Auriculariopsis Maire excluded from it. Other genera reviewed and redefined are Stromatoscypha Donk [Porotheleum (Fr. per Fr.) Fr.], Chromocyphella De Toni & Levi Phaeocyphella Pat.], and Lachnella Fr. Two new monotypic genera are introduced, Cellypha Donk and Pellidiscus Donk. One or more species of the redefined and new genera are discussed. The name Mycena sect. Hirsutae (K\xc3\xbchner) ex Donk is validly published. Several specific names are reduced to the synonymy of other species for the first time. Several types of names published by Persoon and by von Albertini & von Schweinitz were studied. New combinations are made under Hymenochaete L\xc3\xa9v. (1), Favolaschia (Pat.) Pat. (1), Aleurodiscus (2), Cellypha (1), Pellidiscus (1), Chromocyphella (1).

Description: Lichenology in Great Britain nowadays rejoices in increased activity and interest. This is evidenced by the foundation of the British Lichen Society which came into being some time ago, and now runs its own journal, The Lichenologist. The present book is another example, and it certainly appears at an appropriate time.\nThe book which is written in clear and simple language contains a few introductory chapters (on the structure of lichens, the use of reagents and apparatus, and on the ecology), keys to orders and families, a descriptive part, a bibliography, a glossary, and an index, followed by the plates.

Description: As was done in the preceding volume p. 592-599 it seemed useful to correct some errors which have crept into the text of volumes 4 and 5 as well as to add some additional data, new records, and new species or other taxa which came to our knowledge and are worth recording.\nThough we strive to make this a work of precision I have given up all hope that I will ever succeed in editing a volume in which no corrections in references and authority of taxa will appear to be necessary. This may be possible in a century from now when the entries in Index Kewensis are completed, when all books have nicely been extracted, and their dates of publication have been fixed once and for all by zealous librarians.

Description: This is a supplement to Husson & Lam\xe2\x80\x99s revision of Haplolobus in Blumea 72, 1953, 413\xe2\x80\x94458, which will be referred to in the present paper as: \xe2\x80\x9cHusson & Lam 1953\xe2\x80\x9d. There is one new species (H. mollis, from Halmaheira) and one new forma ( H. acuminatus, fa glabrior) and the area of the genus has possibly to be extended to include Palau. I would not be surprised at all if it would turn up in some of the Philippines Islands.\nFemale flowers have been described for the first time of H. borneensis. Both in that species and in H. clementium the inflorescences have now been found to occasionally possess more or less abortive vegetative buds. This seems more and more a character of generic importance.

Description: From September 22nd 1951 until April 19th 1952 I stayed, with my wife as a good companion and technical assistant, in the Netherlands Antilles to make an ornithological survey of these islands. This work, which included both making a collection of studyskins and gathering field data and distributional records, was done under the auspices of the Foundation for Scientific Research in Surinam and the Netherlands Antilles (\xe2\x80\x9cNatuurwetenschappelijke Studiekring voor Suriname en de Nederlandse Antillen\xe2\x80\x9d) and was financed by the Government of the Netherlands Antilles. I am greatly indebted, therefore, to the Government officials of the Netherlands Antilles, particularly to Mr. J. H. Sprockel, minister of Education, and to the staff of the Department of Education. My thanks are also due to the members of the board of the \xe2\x80\x9cStudiekring\xe2\x80\x9d, among whom I should not forget to mention in deep appreciation the names of Dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck and Dr J. H. Westermann. The trustees of the University of Amsterdam and the director of the Zoological Museum kindly granted me 8 months study-leave and released me from my responsibilities as curator of the Zoological Museum during this period. Sincere thanks are also due to board and members of the Natural Sciences Study Group Netherlands Antilles (\xe2\x80\x9cNatuurwetenschappelijke Werkgroep Nederlandse Antillen\xe2\x80\x9d), who never failed to help us magnificently, making our stay on the islands a most exillerating experience.\nThis first part of the scientific reporting on our voyage deals with the birds of St. Martin, Saba, and St. Eustatius. These small islands are among the most northerly of the group known as the Lesser Antilles (fig. 1).

Description: This brief survey is based on the material collected by Dr. P. Wagenaar Hummelinck in 1936/37, 1948/49, and 1955. Station numbers only are cited; they refer to the \xe2\x80\x9cDescription of new localities\xe2\x80\x9d in Volume IV of this series (1953; marine habitats p. 56-77) and to a \xe2\x80\x9cThird list of localities\xe2\x80\x9d which will be published in a forthcoming volume. Other localities, which are not numbered, are, as a rule, briefly described in the text.\nMaterial assembled by a few other collectors has been added to Hummelinck\xe2\x80\x99s collection. The names of the collectors are always mentioned, abbreviated as follows: Av.: R. Aveledo, Caracas Be.: J. G. van den Bergh, Aruba BL.: T. Blok, Cura\xc3\xa7ao Bo.: Mrs van den Bos, St Maarten Co.: R. M. Collens, Tobago Ga.: Wiesje and Hendrikje, the two little daughters of Mr. and Mrs. K. J. van Gaalen, Aruba. Za.: J. S. Zaneveld, Cura\xc3\xa7ao.