ALBERT

Description: Compared with their New World relatives of the subfamily Cyprinodontinae, the Old World Cyprinodonts are but little known. However, some interesting accounts on Turkish species, discovered by Kosswig, S\xc3\xb6zer and Aksiray, have recently been published. Besides the species known, several new forms and species are described.\nWhile compiling an account on these fishes suitable for the home aquarium (Hoedeman & Bronner, 1950\xe2\x80\x941951), we felt some characters need reexamination, not only of Aphanius, but also of the North African genus Tellia which is said to differ from Aphanius only in the absence of ventral fins.

Description: Material: Indochina, Tonkin, Manson Mts. 2\xe2\x80\x943000\xe2\x80\x99. April\xe2\x80\x94May. (Coll. H. FRUHSTORFER), 2 \xe2\x99\x82 \xe2\x99\x82, 1 \xe2\x99\x80.\nColour: probably somewhat faded. Head yellowish, with frons and vertex rather dark brown. Antennae yellowish, the distal part of the 6th, and the 7th joint brownish. Somites with a broad median yellowish band from collum to tail and yellowish lateral keels, the rest castaneous, slightly paler at the ventral side. Sternites and legs yellowish.

Description: Le processus pr\xc3\xa9oral est court. L\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il migrateur d\xc3\xa9passe le bord ant\xc3\xa9rieur de l\xe2\x80\x99\xc5\x93il fixe de plus de la moiti\xc3\xa9 de son propre diam\xc3\xa8tre. La narine exhalante z\xc3\xa9nithale est pr\xc3\xa9sente. La l\xc3\xa8vre mandibulare z\xc3\xa9nithale est hypertrophi\xc3\xa9e en un petit nombre de larges processus nullement cili\xc3\xa9s. Ko\xce\xbc\xcf\x88\xc3\xb2s, \xc3\xa9l\xc3\xa9gant; \xce\xbc\xce\xb5wia\xce\xbca, sourire.

Description: Corophium arenarium was first described by CRAWFORD in his excellent review of the entire genus, in 1937. In the description, the author expressed his doubt already whether it might be a distinct species or merely a variety of C. volutator. CRAWFORD\xe2\x80\x99S observations on the variation of the number of spines on antenna II, segment 4 and 5, suggest that it is only a variety.\nCHEVAIS, 1937, does not give a definite opinion, whether he considers the species distinct from each other or not. For biometrical reasons, as well for reasons of variation observed by other authors, he suggests, however, that C. volutator and C. arenarium are only local races of one species.

Description: One of the specimens dealt with in the present paper has been described in previous papers, in which it appeared under three different names, all of which for different reasons eventually proved to be erroneous. The present identification as Sacculina cordata Shiino at last seems to be definite. The second specimen, as the first from the material collected by the Siboga Expedition, belongs to the species Sacculina papposa V. K. & B., of which up till now the type specimen only was known; the parasite dealt with here is interesting because the excrescences of its external cuticle are of a structure slightly different from that of the corresponding parts in the type; moreover, in this specimen retinacula were found, yielding an additional character for the definition of the species. The remainder of the material dealt with here proved to belong to a new species, characterized in the first place by the peculiar excrescences of the external cuticle.

Description: Voorjaar 1949 ontving ik een kleine collectie levende vissen uit Suriname (Nederlands Guiana), door een zeeman verzameld in een poel nabij Paramaribo. Helaas is de juiste vindplaats niet nader aangegeven, dan enige kilometers ten zuiden van de hoofdstad.\nOnmiddellijk na ontvangst werden de vissen, die hier het onderwerp van bespreking zijn, in een groot gezelschapsaquarium (150 X 60 X 50 cm. hoog) ondergebracht, dat reeds werd bevolkt door verscheidene Nannostomini, Hasemania marginata, Rivulus cylindraceus, Acanthophthalmus kuhli, Dermogenus pusillus en Nannacara anomala en N. taenia.

Description: Scientific research concerning growth inhibitors, which has been pursued for several decades already, dealt mainly with the effect of these substances on the germination process. WIESNER (1894) demonstrated the presence of a growth inhibitor in the slime of the mistletoe (Viscum album) which prevented the germination of a great variety of seeds. OPPENHEIMER (1922) supplemented the analysis by placing seeds on the pulp of ripe tomatoes and he observed a strong inhibitive effect as a result of this treatment. In addition, however, he found that the inhibiting substance is thermolabile and insoluble in ether or alcohol. REINHARD (1933) corroborated Oppenheimer\xe2\x80\x99s results for the most part. According to this author, however, the inhibiting agent in tomato juice is thermostabile, and it is not destroyed by boiling, neiher by neutralisation or by diluting the juice 50 times. In other fleshy fruits such as apples, pears and quinces K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) detected inhibiting substances capable of preventing the germination of Lepidium seeds. These substances were reported to be sensitive to peroxide and to alkali, thermostabile and soluble in water and in ether, but insoluble in petroleum ether. On the other hand, the inhibiting agent extracted by LEHMANN (1937) from the exocarp if buckwheat is thermolabile. In Helianthus annuus and Avena sativa, finally, RUGE (1939) demonstrated the presence of an inhibitor that reduces the speed of germination to a considerable extent. FR\xc3\x96SCHEL\xe2\x80\x99S investigations on Trifolium and Beta will be dealt with in 4.\nThis survey is not quite exhaustive, but clearly demonstrates that the inhibiting agent should not be regarded as a definite, well-defined chemical substance which is always the same in every individual case, but as a group of substances with analogous activities but most probably with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. Following K\xc3\x96CKEMANN (1934) we can classify the inhibiting substances into two groups, as follows : 1. inhibiting substances in the testa or in the seed, and 2. inhibiting substances in the mesocarp of pulpy fruits.

Description: Quant aux naturalistes qui reconnaissent que les vari\xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9s sont restreintes dans certaines limites fix\xc3\xa9es par la nature, il faut, pour leur r\xc3\xa9pondre, examiner jusqu\'o\xc3\xb9 s\'\xc3\xa9tendent ces limites, recherche curieuse, fort int\xc3\xa9ressante...\nCUVIER, G., Discours sur les r\xc3\xa9volutions de la surface du globe, 3rd ed., Paris, 1825, p. 118.\n\nCONTENTS\nIntroduction................... 4\nOn the variation of Hippopotamus amphibius L.......... 6\nThe fossil Hippopotamidae of Asia............ 30\nHippopotamus iravaticus Falconer et Cautley......... 34\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley......... 36\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivalensis Falconer et Cautley ...... 40\nHippopotamus sivalensis namadicus Falconer et Cautley...... 49\nHippopotamus sivalensis palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley..... 51\nHippopotamus sivalensis duboisi nov. subsp.......... 54\nHippopotamus sivalensis cf. palaeindicus Falconer et Cautley .... 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sinhaleyus Deraniyagala........ 56\nHippopotamus sivalensis sivajavanicus (Dubois)........ 57\nHippopotamus sivalensis koenigswaldi Hooijer........ 65\nHippopotamus sivalensis soloensis nov. subsp.......... 75\nHippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley subsp........ 86\nPostcranial remains of Hippopotamus from the Pleistocene of Java ... 87\nIncertae sedis................. 108\nSubspeciation in Hippopotamus sivalensis Falconer et Cautley . . . . 109

Description: The increased importance which the European red mite (Paratetranychus pilosus (Can. et Fanz.)) (= Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch)) has assumed in recent years has led to an intensive study of its biology and natural history.\nIn the course of these investigations many workers, and in particular those in Nova Scotia (vide Lord, 1949), have become convinced that this pest can be controlled, on apple trees at least, by natural means and that some of the most active agents in its eradication are the representatives of that group of predaceous mites which Vitzthum (1941) placed in the subfamily Phytoseiinae Ber\'lese, 1916 1). As the late Dr. A. C. Oudemans of Arnhem included many if not most of these species in the genus Typhlodromus as he conceived it, this paper is in essence a revision of that genus.\nPresumably because of their small size and limited distribution, which is largely contingent upon readily available populations of their hosts, little attention has been paid to these predators from either the ecological or taxonomic point of view. A cursory survey of the literature pertaining to the predaceous relationship which exists between the Phytoseiinae herein to be discussed and the tetranychid mites may serve as an appraisal of this economically significant group of mites. Koch (1839) in describing what now appears to be a typhlodromid, viz., Gamasus vepallidus, made no reference to its possible predaceous habits. Scheuten (1857) thought that the eriophyids which he found associated in numbers with his Typhlodromus pyri were its offspring. Berlese (1882-1898), however, had a better understanding of these relationships and was able to state in his redescription of G. vepallidus as Seius (Seiulus) vepallidus (K.) that it was a predator of small acari as well as being a mycophage. His countryman, Ribaga (1902), writing of the

Description: Manilkara Adanson em. Gilly, Trop. Woods 73, 1943, 1\xe2\x80\x9422 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Adanson, Fam. 2,1763,166; Dubard, Ann. Mus. col. Mars. 23,1915,6; Baehni, Candollea 7, 1938, 394\xe2\x80\x94508; Lam, Blumea 4, 2, 1941, 323; Lam, Blumea 5, 1, 1942, 41 \xe2\x80\x94 Manilkara Rheede, Lam in Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 238; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 481 \xe2\x80\x94 Manyl-kara Rheede, Hort. Mal. 4, 1673, 53, t. 25 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Ternaria DC., Prodr. 8, 1844, 203; as a subgenus in Engler, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. Fam und Gatt. 8, 1904, 55 \xe2\x80\x94 Delastrea A. DC, Prodr. 8, 1844, 195 \xe2\x80\x94 Labramia A. DC, 1. c. 672 \xe2\x80\x94 Mimusops L., sect. Euternaria Engl., 1. c., p.p. (except sect. Muriea) \xe2\x80\x93 Northia (not of Hook, f.) sensu Lam, 1. c. 1925, 241 and 1927, 481, p.p.; Lam, Bern. P. Bish. Mus. Bull. 141, 1936, 163 \xe2\x80\x94 Northiopsis Kanehira, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 47, 1933, 677; Lam, 1. c. 1941, 343; Lam, 1. c. 1942, 43 \xe2\x80\x94 Faucherea Lec., Bull. Mus. hist. nat. 26, 1920, 248 \xe2\x80\x94 Achras L., Sp. Pl., 1753, App. 1190; Loefling, Iter Hisp,, 1758, 186; Lam, Bull. Jard. bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 218; Lam, 1. c., s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 476; Little, Brittonia 7, 1948, 48.\nLaticiferous trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, often obovate with rounded tip, stipules caducous; midrib impressed or crested above, prominent below, secondary and tertiary nerves parallel, secondary ones hardly stronger than tertiary nerves, the latter slender, descending from margin, often stretchedly and minutely reticulate. Inflorescences axillary, clustered, manyflorous. Flowers hermaphrodite, pedicellate, pedicel often incrassate when fruiting. Calyx with 2 whorls of 3 lobes each. Corolla with 6 lobes, each of them with 2 dorsal or lateral segments which are sometimes reduced or wanting. Stamens 6, epipetalous, inserted in the row of the staminodes, anthers dehiscing extrorsely. Staminodes 6, petaloid, alternipetalous, ovate, acuminate,, usually dentate or lobed. Ovary 6\xe2\x80\x9414-celled, cells 1-ovuled, ovules axile, anatropous to campylotropous. Fruit a dryish berry, 1\xe2\x80\x946- seeded; seeds compressed to terete, pear-shaped to oblong ellipsoid, scar basiventral or almost basal, large to small, wide to narrow, oblong to linear, with the hilum at the apical and the micropyle at the basal end; testa crustaceous; albumen copious, cotyledons foliaceous, thin, ovate, radicle long exserted, cylindrical.

Description: Of this series of preparations to the definite publication of the Burseraceae in \xe2\x80\x9cFlora Malesiana\xe2\x80\x9d, the present part is giving an additional note on VI. Garuga and dealing with the genera VII. Triomma, VIII. Dacryodes and IX. Santiria (and a new combination in Protium).\nThe present paper gives only additions to and alterations of Lam\xe2\x80\x99s monograph (H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., S\xc3\xa9r. 3, 12, 1932, 281\xe2\x80\x94 561); descriptions, synonyms, litterature, specimens cited, ecological and other notes are only mentioned insofar as they are not given by Lam.

Description: The following new species of Terminalia will be included in the forthcoming account of the Combretaceae for the Flora Malesiana where their respective positions in the key will indicate more clearly their relationship to already described species.\nTerminalia capitulata Exell, sp. nov.

Description: Exbucklandia R. W. Brown ( Bucklandia R. Br. non Pr. ex Sternb., Symingtonia Steen.) In an article on \xe2\x80\x9cAlterations in some fossil and living floras\xe2\x80\x9d (J. Wash. Ac. Sc. 36: 348. Oct. 1946) R. W. Brown proposed the new generic name Exbucklandia for the Hamamelidaceous genus Bucklandia R. Br., non Pr. ex Sternb., while describing a new fossil species from the United States. He also transferred B. populnea to the new genus. Unfortunately I had overlooked this publication when proposing Symingtonia to replace Bucklandia R. Br. (Acta Bot. Neerl. 1: 443\xe2\x80\x94444. 1952). Exbucklandia will have to be accepted for it in future. The Indo-Chinese species B. tonkinensis Lecomte should be referred to as Exbucklandia tonkinensis (Lecomte) Steen. comb. nov. I have to thank Dr E. H. Walker for pointing my attention to R. W. Brown\xe2\x80\x99s paper.

Description: Premna brongersmai, nov. spec. \xe2\x80\x94 Frutex? Ramuli teretes conspicue subdistanter lenticellati 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.5 cm crassi, internodia in specimine 7\xe2\x80\x9411 cm longa. Folia coriacea subrigida, decussatim opposita glaberrima petiolata, ovata vel oblongo-ovata vel subovata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi plus minusve late rotundata, marginibus integra, apice abrupte vel subabrupte peracute acuminata, latiora 8.5\xe2\x80\x9411 X 4.7\xe2\x80\x945.7 cm, angustiora (in eodem specimine, ut apparet) 12\xe2\x80\x9414.5 X 4\xe2\x80\x944.5 cm ; nervi haud prominentes, costa media subtus prominente excepta; nervi secundarii graciles utrimque 5\xe2\x80\x947, curvati, margines versus diminuti haud confluentes, tertiarii pertenues subdistanter transversi, reticulatione minutissima areolata; petioli e basi incrassata 1\xe2\x80\x94 1.7 cm longi tenues. Inflorescentiae paniculatae terminales, partiales inferiores ex axillis foliorum parvorum, superiores ex axillis bractearum subulatarum 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.1 cm longarum ortae, totae 12\xe2\x80\x9417 cm longae, 17\xe2\x80\x9429 cm latae, partiales medianae longiores, e pedunculo gracili 10\xe2\x80\x9414 cm longae, pseudodichotomice late divaricatae, ramificationes ultimae dichasiales minute pubescentes. Flores parvi tetrameri subsessiles, alabastris pyriformibus, glabris; calyx glaber cupularis subbilabiatus, c. 0.25 cm altus, labio inferiore acute integro vel leviter acuto-bidentato, superiore 2 lobis majoribus acutis suffulto, calyx intus praecipue dimidio superiore multis glandulis in sicco opacis munitus; corolla in regione staminum insertionis tantum intus pilosa, cetera glabra, 0.4\xe2\x80\x940.45 cm alta, tubo subcylindrico 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.35 cm longo, limbo aestivatione cochleata subbilabiato, labio inferiore trilobo (lobo medio in alabastro ceteros tegente, 0.15 cm longo, rotundato, lateralibus 0.1 cm longis, subtruncatis), superiore integro 0.1 cm longo subtruncato, in alabastro omnino tecto; regio pilosa sub labio superiore paulo infirmior; stamina alternipetala in regione pilosa aequa altitudine inserta, subdidynamia, filamentis sub labio superiore paulo brevioribus in alabastro sigmoideo-sinuatis 0.2 cm longis, sub labio inferiore 0.25 cm longis, omnibus vittatis apice abrupte contractis filiformibus; antherae 0.05 X 0.1 cm, subreniformes, thecae poris ovatis dehiscentes; ovarium globosum glabrum 0.15 cm altum 4-loculatum, loculis uniovulatis; ovula longa apotropa medio affixa; stylus filiformis 0.25 cm longus, stigma bilobum, lobis acutis piano mediano patentibus. Fructus ignoti.\nShrub? Branchlets (all?) apparently long and drooping, 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.5 cm in diam.. Leaves decussate, entirely glabrous, ovate to ovate-oblong, base more or less broadly rounded, apex more or less abruptly and very acutely acuminate, margins entire, 8.5\xe2\x80\x9414.5 X 4\xe2\x80\x945.7 cm, nerves not prominent except midrib below, secondary ones 5\xe2\x80\x947, curved, reticulation minutely areolate between the almost inconspicuous transverse tertiary ones; petioles 1\xe2\x80\x941.7 cm long, incrassate at base. Inflorescences widely paniculate, terminal, 12\xe2\x80\x9417 cm long, 17\xe2\x80\x9429 cm broad, the lower partial panicles in the axils of ever smaller leaves, the upper ones in those of subulate bracts; ultimate ramifications dichasial, minutely pubescent. Flowers subsessile, 4-merous, glabrous but for a hair ring inside at the insertion of the filaments. Calyx cupular, more or less bilabiate, 0.25 cm high, lower lip entire or shallowly acutely bidentate, upper one with two larger acute teeth, inside with dispersed dark glands: corolla tube suibcylindrical 0.3\xe2\x80\x940.35 cm long, aestivation cochleate, slightly 2-lipped, lower lip 3-lobed, midlobe rounded and 0.15 cm long, lateral ones subtruncate and 0.1 cm long; upper lip entire, 0.1 cm long, subtruncate. Stamens 4, subdidynamous, those below upper lip with slightly shorter filaments; filaments ribbon-shaped, 0.2 and 0.25 cm long respectively, subabruptly narrowed below the anther and ending into a very thin apex; anthers kidney-shaped, 0.05 X 0.1 cm, with two ovate pores; ovary globose, glabrous, 0.15 cm high, 4-celled, cells uniovulate, ovules long, apotropous, attached in the middle of the cell; style filiform, 0.25 cm long, stigma with two acute lobes spreading medianly. Fruits unknown.

Description: The first result of this survey of the wide genera which have endemic species in New Caledonia is certainly to confirm the impression that there is indeed a noteworthy geographical association between Madagascar and that island, even if it is only a particular aspect of a more general relationship between Madagascar and Australasia as a whole.\nBut the survey gives prominence also to another point, namely the unexpectedly small part that tropical Africa plays in the distribution of the genera reviewed. It almost seems as if there is some factor of exclusion affecting that great region, and there is no indication of any corresponding degree of relation between tropical Africa and New Caledonia such as has been detected between the latter and Madagascar.

Description: In the course of my study on the wood-anatomy of Javan woods (Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten), I examined also many woods from mangrove-trees.\nMangrove has been the subject of much investigation; the community is usually described as xeromorphic. Mangrove woods proved to be different from woods belonging to species growing in other stations even if those species belonged to the same family or even genus. The data may be traced in my \xe2\x80\x9cMikrographie\xe2\x80\x9d but it seems more convenient to review them here.

Description: In January 1949 Professor H. J. Lam, director of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, on his way to the 7th Pacific Science Congress in New Zealand, spending some time in Fiji, was shown by Mr B. E. V. Parham, Department of Agriculture, Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji Islands, a slender tree, cultivated in the Agricultural Experimental Garden Naduruloulou. The tree was unidentified and of unknown origin. Some flowering material was collected and at our request Mr Parham was good enough to send some ripe fruits in liquid for an investigation I was entrusted with.\nAdditional material was studied from the herbaria at Brisbane, Kew, Leiden, Melbourne and Paris. It is my pleasant duty to tender my best thanks to the directors of these institutes for the loan of this valuable material, among which the type.

Description: Up till now the lower deposits of peat (in Dutch: veen-op-groterediepte = peat at greater depth) have been investigated in the Netherlands mainly in the Western part of the country, viz. in the provinces of Noord-Holland, Zuid-Holland and Zeeland. The analyses have shown that the development of this, now comparatively well known peat layer must have begun either in the second half of the boreal period or else in the beginning of the atlantic one, and that it must have come to an end in the first half of the latter. Among the earlier investigators the botanist Mrs VERNEER-LOUMAN and some geologists had arrived at the conclusion that the sudden transgression of the North sea which made an end to the formation of peat, took place in the boreal period, and hat the whole lower deposit of peat, therefore, was of boreal age (lit. 7). This opinion, however, was sufficiently disproved by FLORSCH\xc3\x9cTZ, and all subsequent analyses have confirmed the view that the peat formation must have stopped early in the atlantic period (lit. 2, 3, 4). The same conclusion was arrived at by GODWIN as a result of his investigations of the lower peat found in SE England (lit. 5, 6) and by several German investigators as a result of their analyses of the lower peat, found in NW Germany.\nOnly one analyses of the lower peat in the province of Friesland, in the Northern part of the Netherlands, has sofar been published. The geologist VAN ANDEL found near Kiesterzijl, at a depth of only 3.50 m a thin layer of peat. He identified it with the lower peat from the W part of the Netherlands which occurs several meters deeper. His two diagrams show a boreal age for the basal layers and an atlantic age for the top ones and they confirm therefore the conclusions,obtained in the W part of the country (lit. 1).

Description: Abbayes, H. des: Trait\xc3\xa9 de Lich\xc3\xa9nologie. 217 pp., 109 fig., 8\xc2\xb0. Paris 1951.\nAkamine, E.H.: Viability of Hawaiin forest seeds in storage at various temperatures and relative humidities (Pac. Sc. 5, 1951, 36-46).

Description: Mr A.G.L. Adelbert was on short leave in Holland, Nov. 1951-April 1952; during Dr Donk\xe2\x80\x99s leave he has been appointed acting Keeper of the Herbarium Bogoriense.\nMr E.G. Browne assumed duty as Head of the Sarawak Forest Department, Jan. 1951.

Description: Dr A.C. Smith, Washington, DC., promised to revise Schizandraceae Illiciaceae, Himantandraceae, Winteraceae; and Hippocrateaceae for the Flora Malesiana when he will have finished his work on the Fijian Flora.\nMr J.H. Kern started a revision of the Malaysian representatives of the genus Viburnum.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. & F.A. Verduyn Lunel: Kweekproeven met Intsia palembanica Miq. en Intsia bijuga O.K. (Tec-Tona 40, 1950, 336-345, 5 fig.).\nData on germination and seedlings.

Description: Flora of Okinawa, Riukius. Dr E.H. Walker made a collecting trip in the Riukiu islands; associated with him were the Japanese botanists S. Tawada, T. Amano and S. Sonohara. This collection was obtained to help substantiate a MS-Flora of Okinawa prepared by these Okinawan botanists. Duplicate specimens of the collection will be distributed by the Smithsonian Institution of Washington.\nAddress lists of botanists. In the Yearbook 1950-1951 of the American Botanical Society, Misc. Per. Publ. 138, 1951, an address list of American botanists has been published.

Description: This important book, written by C.A. Gardner after 30 years of field study and several years of preparation, deals with 420 species of grasses of which over a hundred have been provided with a plate, by which the habit and important details are shown. Especially the drawings of various parts of the spikelets are very skilful, instructive, and of the utmost importance for students of critical genera.\nThere is an introductory part giving a general survey of the grass vegetation of W. Australia. It is a revelation to see that so many introduced and naturalised species had to be included; this striking invasion of 132 species affects a great change in the original vegetation.

Description: Adams, J. E.: Studies in the comparative anatomy of the Cornaceae. (Journ. Elisha Mitch. Sci. Soc, 65, 1949, 218-244). Cornaceae probably correctly estimated as the primitive family of the traditional Umbellales. Literature! Anonymous: (Both the entries sub Anonymous on p. 169 of this Bulletin were published anonymously but are referable to Hildebrand F. H.).

Description: Some news was received on the revegetation of Krakatau, and the small new cone, Anak Krakatau (Krakatau Jr) as visited by a party in August 1951.\nKrakatau. The camp was made in the SE.corner of the island. In several places the old substratum has been traced, and in the basal layer of the ash covers, which attain sometimes 30 m thickness, remains are found of former woody share vegetation. Bases of tree trunks have partly been buried in their upright position. Some of these are charred, and have apparently been burned during the eruption; others are not charred, or have been charred only very superficially.

Description: Among the main events for the Foundation in 1951 was the completion of the Trustees which now consist of: Prof. Ir Kusnoto, Bogor, president Prof. Dr H.J. Lam, Leyden, 1st deputy president Dr M.A. Donk, Bogor, 2nd deputy president Prof. Dr E.D. Merrill, Jamaica Plain (Mass.), U.S.A., member Prof. Dr C. Skottsberg, Stockholm, member Drs C.A.C.M. van Oppen, Djakarta, member The Trustees of Leyden University officially recognized the Foundation to work in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden. In addition to the Constitution a draft has been prepared of the By-Laws. In December 1951 the third part of volume four of Flora Malesiana was issued.

Description: Sir Joseph Banks. Sir Joseph Banks, the autocrat of philosophers. The Bartchworth Press. London, 344 pp. 8\xc2\xb0. sh.25/.. By H.C. Cameron.\nDr P.J.S. Cramer, late director of the General Agricultural Experiment Station, Buitenzorg and extra-ordinary professor of tropical agricultural economy at Utrecht University died at Wassenaar, Holland, March 23, 1952, in the age of 72.

Description: Dr R.C. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, Leyden, made a provisional revision of the genus Ophiorrhiza (Rubiaceae). Onwards of 1953 he will be working on the completion of Backer\xe2\x80\x99s Flora of Java.\nDr M.J. Baumann-Bodenheim who made a big collection of plants in New Caledonia during the past two years has been temporarily appointed at the Bot. Garden Z\xc3\xbcrich for the working out of this collection.

Description: We are very sorry to learn that Mr J.M. Black, the father of South Australian botany, passed away suddenly but in full harness after a short illness in his 97th year, medio December 1951. Dr Black was born in Wigtown, Scotland, and received his early education there, finishing in Dresden, Germany. He arrived in South Australia in 1877 and farmed for 5 years. Between 1883 and 1902 he held varied and finally important positions on the staff of \xe2\x80\x9dHansard\xe2\x80\x9d, \xe2\x80\x9dThe Register\xe2\x80\x9d, and \xe2\x80\x9dThe Advertiser\xe2\x80\x9d. Having achieved the highest position possible in this field he retired to devote full time leisure to the study of native and naturalised plants growing in S. Australia. He achieved considerable fame for by 1929 he had completed his four part work \xe2\x80\x9dFlora of South Australia\xe2\x80\x9d, one of the most critical Floras of that continent. In 1930 he attended the International Botanical Congress and the Linnean Society made him an associate. During subsequent years he was awarded many honours by various Australian scientific associations some of which include the Sir Joseph Vercoe Medal, Mueller Medal, Natural History Medallion, and the Clarke Memorial Medal. He was awarded an M.B.E. in 1942.\nIn 1927 he was appointed honorary lecturer in systematic botany at the University of Adelaide. At the age of 80 he produced part one of the 2nd edition of his Flora, part two coming out in 1948.

Description: In Flora Malesiana Bulletin No 8, 197-231, appeared a report on the changes in the international rules of botanical nomenclature made by the 7th Int. Bot. Congress at Stockholm (1950). Dr D.P. Rogers and Dr G.W. Martin, both members of the ad hoc Committee found some inaccuracies regarding the nomenclature of Fungi. They write: \xe2\x80\x9dThe multigraphed report of the Special Committee for Fungi contained numerous errors, which, because copies were furnished us very late, could not be corrected before distribution\xe2\x80\x9d. They are in favour of the following corrections: Rec. VIII. First sentence; after \xe2\x80\x9d-phyta\xe2\x80\x9d insert \xe2\x80\x9d(for Fungi, -mycota)\xe2\x80\x9d. Third sentence; after \xe2\x80\x9dphytina\xe2\x80\x9d insert \xe2\x80\x9d(for Fungi, -mycotina)\xe2\x80\x9d. Line \xe2\x80\x9d1\xe2\x80\x9d under \xe2\x80\x9d(b)\xe2\x80\x9d: delete \xe2\x80\x9d(or autotrophic Thallophyta generally)\xe2\x80\x9d. Line \xe2\x80\x9d2\xe2\x80\x9d under \xe2\x80\x9d(b)\xe2\x80\x9d; delete; \xe2\x80\x99(or heterotrophic Thallophyta generally)\xe2\x80\x9d. \xe2\x80\x9dMycophyta\xe2\x80\x9d, in the examples of names of divisions, must be changed.\nArt. 20. (p. 225 of the F.M.B.): for \xe2\x80\x9dDec. 31, 1821\xe2\x80\x9d substitute \xe2\x80\x9dJan. 1, 1821\xe2\x80\x9d; for \xe2\x80\x9dJan. 1, 1801\xe2\x80\x9d substitute \xe2\x80\x9dDec. 31, 1801\xe2\x80\x9d (Art. 20) (e).

Description: In commemoration to Mr C.T. White, the Royal Society of Queensland of which Mr White was a president, will publish a White Memorial Volume of its Proceedings.\nReinwardtia. Onwards of 1950 the Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg (Bulletin of the Botanic Gardens, Buitenzorg) has changed its name and has been named Reinwardtia in commemoration of the founder of the Botanic Gardens, Prof. Dr C.G.C. Reinwardt, who directed the Gardens 1817-1822. The size of the new journal is slightly smaller than the former series; subscriptions through G.C.T. van Dorp & Co, Publishers & Booksellers, Djalan Nusantara 22, Djakarta, Indonesia. Price per part $1.50 or the equivalent in other currency. Exchange is through the Bibliotheca, Djalan Raya 20, Bogor, Djawa, Indonesia, The Bulletin, series III, is complete in 18 volumes and 3 Supplement volumes.

Description: We announce with great regret the death of Dr F. W. Foxworthy, forest botanist, who worked in the Philippines (1911-\xe2\x80\x99 18) and in the Malay Peninsula (1918-\xe2\x80\x9932). His final work \xe2\x80\x98Forests and Forestry of Tropical Asia\xe2\x80\x99 is in the press, a volume in the New Series of Plant Science Books, publishes by Chronica Botanica Cy.\nC. C. Schr\xc3\xb6ter, Curator of the Tjibodas Mountain Garden, was murdered September 15; a biography will appear in \xe2\x80\x98Annales Bogorienses\xe2\x80\x99.

Description: Alphen de Veer, E.J. & M. Sudiro: Observations on the attack of Zeusera coffeae Nietn. on Balsa (Tectona 41, 1951, 137-8, photos).\nBorers in Ochroma lagopus at Bogor.

Description: After the senior writer, together with W. W. Varossieau, had published a revision of this monogeneric family (Blumea III, 1938\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9939 and IV, 1941), some more material has been examined by us and, moreover, some new species have been described. Thanks to the courtesy of Prof. F. Gagnepain of Paris, and the Director of the Musee d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle, Phan\xc3\xa9rogamic, we had the opportunity to examine the type specimens of Gagnepain\'s new species from Indo-China, All with all we felt that a new key and a brief enumeration of the species with the main literature, their synonyms and distribution, might be useful.\nSARCOSPERMATACEAE H. J. Lam, Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., s\xc3\xa9r. III, 7, 1925, 248; Blumea III, 1, 1938, 184.

Description: Erycibe beccariana Hoogl. sp. nov. \xe2\x80\x94 Frutex scandens, ramulis junioribus sparsim stellato-hirsutis, adultioribus glabrescentibus cortice rimis longitudinalibus fisso. Folia elliptica ad elliptico-oblonga, 9\xe2\x80\x9413 X 4\xe2\x80\x94 71/2 cm, apice breviter acuminata, basi rotundata vel minute cordata, supra glabra, subtus sparsim stellato-hirsuta, glabrescentia; petiolus 8\xe2\x80\x9413 mm longus. Inflorescentiae axillares, paniculatae, c. 6\xe2\x80\x9412-florae, 1\xe2\x80\x942 cm longae, stellato-hirsutae, bracteis minutis, caducis. Flores pedicello 2\xe2\x80\x94 4 mm longo bracteolis 2 minutis, caducis. Sepala 2 exteriora transversoovalia, c. 2.5 X 3 mm, 2 interiora transverso-elliptica, c. 2.7 X 4.5 mm, extus stellato-hirsuta, intus glabra. Corolla c. 8.5 mm longa; areae mesopetalinae c. 4 X 3 mm, adpresso-hirsutae pilis praesertim 4\xe2\x80\x946-ramosis; lobuli c. 3.6 mm longi, 3 mm lati, margine undulati. Stamina c. 1.1 mm supra corollae basin inserta,, filamento 1.6 mm longo, basi c. 0.6 mm lato, anthera c. 2.3 mm longa, 1 mm lata, 0.8 mm crassa, apice acuminata acumine sterili c. 0.6 mm longo, basi subcordata. Ovarium ellipsoideum, c. 1.1 mm longum, 1.8 mm diam., glabrum; stigma conicum, c. 1 mm altum, 1.8 mm diam., radiatim 10-carinatum carinis 5 maioribus 5 minoribus alternantibus.\nTypes: Beccari P.P. 91, holotype in FI; paratype: Beccari P.P. 532 (FI). New Guinea.

Description: En Z\xc3\xa9lande, province des Pays-Bas, l\xe2\x80\x99on trouve diff\xc3\xa9rentes stations o\xc3\xb9 croissent des algues marines. Ce sont: 1. Les digues, 2. Les canaux d\xe2\x80\x99eau de mer, 3. Les parcs \xc3\xa0 hu\xc3\xaetres, 4. Les slikkes et les schorres.\nLa Z\xc3\xa9lande comprend une bande continentale et deux s\xc3\xa9ries d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xaeles. Compar\xc3\xa9 aux autres provinces des Pays-Bas, le climat est assez temp\xc3\xa9r\xc3\xa9. La temp\xc3\xa9rature moyenne \xc3\xa0 Flessingue (Vlissingen) est de 3\xc2\xb0C en janvier, le mois le plus froid, et de 18\xc2\xb0C durant les mois les plus chauds, juillet et ao\xc3\xbbt. La temp\xc3\xa9rature moyenne de l\xe2\x80\x99eau de mer en surface est de 1\xe2\x80\x94 3\xc2\xb0C en janvier et de 19\xc2\xb0C en juillet et ao\xc3\xbbt.

Description: The editor has received the first and second fascicle of a treatise of the vascular plants of West Virginia. According to the preface this flora, when complete, will present descriptions, illustrations, geographical data and other information, particularly of local interest for the approximately 2000 species found growing without cultivation in that State. The first part contains the Pteridophyta, Gymnospermae, and Monocotyledoneae, the second part the Dicotyledoneae, p.p. (Saururaceae-Leguminosae). Keys are given for genera and species. The rather short descriptions are completed by many for the greater part original line drawings. Nomenclature and sequence are those of the 8th edition of Gray\xe2\x80\x99s Manual, 1950, by M. L. Fernald.

Description: Trees with leaves crowded at tip of thick branchlets; stipules subulate or narrowly deltoid, caducous; leaves, obovate or obovate-oblong, tertiary nerves ascending near the midrib, transverse near the margins of the leaf; flowers crowded at tips of branchlets, forming a pseudo-terminal, many-florous inflorescence; calyx with two whorls of two lobes each; corolla exsert, tube solid, pubescent without at apex, petals 8, imbricate; stamens 9\xe2\x80\x9440, inserted in one or two rows in the throat; style subulate, exsert, glabrous; ovary glabrous, 3\xe2\x80\x948-celled, cells 1-ovuled, ovules attached at the apex of the central axis; sometimes an indistinct annular disc present; fruit large, often edible, crowned by the persistent style; fruit usually 1-seeded; seed ovoid with large to very large scar and apical hilum; testa thick, crustaceous; albumen none or membranous, if present especially around the radicle; cotyledons fleshy; radicle inferior, not exsert \xe2\x80\x94 11 species distributed from the Moluccas to the Samoa and Tonga Islands.\nThe last revision of this genus was given by Lam in 1942. After a small but important publication of White (J. Arn. Arb. 31, 1, 1950, 104) and the investigation of some new collections it seemed appropriate to give a concise revision of this genus in preparation for the \xe2\x80\x9cFlora Malesiana\xe2\x80\x9d. Some new species are described and of some old ones more details are given. The publications of Lam are abbreviated as follows: 1925 = The Sapotaceae, etc. of the Dutch East Indies, Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 112. Lam 1927 = Further studies etc., Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 8, 1927, 381. Lam 1932 = Sapotaceae, in Nova Guinea 14, 4, 1932, 554. Lam 1942 = A tentative list of wild Pacific Sap. etc., Blumea 5, I, 1942, 36.

Description: In the \xe2\x80\x9cMikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden Baumarten\xe2\x80\x9d I described 991 kinds of wood. Several of these belong to large genera, the majority to small. I found remarkably wide variations in the wood-anatomy of several specimens belonging to a single species of a large genus. These intraspecific differences in large genera are generally larger than interspecific differences in small genera.\nWhen identifying species by means of wood-anatomical characters, the wide intraspecific variability in large genera obstructs identification whereas in small genera identification is usually relatively easily executed. As a result, it is much easier to compose a key to the species in a small genus than in a large one. In my key to the Javan woods (Anatomische Bestimmungstabelle f\xc3\xbcr die javanischen H\xc3\xb6lzer, 1940, 83) it is repeatedly demonstrated; also in Mikrographie passim that taxonomic relationships are often blurred by this peculiar circumstance.

Description: Casearia amplectens Sleum. sp. nov. \xe2\x80\x94 Arbuscula 1.5 m alta; ramulornm apicibus dense breviter flavido-pilosis, partibus vetustioribus cito glabratis corticeque cinerascenti obtectis. Folia elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, apicem versus breviter (1\xe2\x80\x942 cm) subcaudato-acuminata, apice ipso paullo falcato obtusa, basi late cuneata fere rotundata, inferiora usque ad 2 mm longe petiolata, superiora subsessilia, membranacea, arcte pellucido-punctata et -lineata, petiolo, costa nervisque subtus brevissime pilosulis exceptis glabra, in sicco brunnescentia, utrinque opaca, regulariter crenato-serrata (dentibus obtusiusculis glandula terminatis 1 mm altis et c. 3\xe2\x80\x946 mm distantibus), 9\xe2\x80\x9415 cm longa, 4\xe2\x80\x944.5 cm lata, costa utrinque elevata, nervis lateralibus utroque latere 6\xe2\x80\x948 curvato-ascendentibus praeter marginem excurrentibus supra subimpressis, subtus elevatis, venis supra obscuris, subtus parum conspicuis. Stipulae reniformes fere amplectentes, membranaceae, 4\xe2\x80\x946 mm altae, 6\xe2\x80\x948 mm latae, persistentes. Flores pro axilla. 1\xe2\x80\x942 fere sessiles, in statu nondum plane evoluto tantum visi; bracteae paucae membranaceae glabrae 1\xe2\x80\x942 mm longae. Calyx tubulosus, carnosulus, c. 3 mm longus, extus fulvo-sericeus, intus glaber, lobis oblongis c. 1 mm longis. Stamina 10, alte ad faucem inserta; filamenta glabra, medio dilatata, alternatim 0.6 et 0.3 mm longa. Staminodia rudimentaria parum pilosa. Ovarium columnare, glabrum, c. 3 mm longum, 1 mm crassum. Fructus carnosus, ruber, 1.5\xe2\x80\x942 cm longus, 1 cm diam., trivalvis, basi calycis lobis accrescentibus 4 mm longis et 1.5 mm latis fultus, 2 mm longe pedunculatus.\nNEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea, 4 km SW of Bernhard Camp, Idenburg Riv., rain-forest undergrowth, 850 m: L. J. Brass 13470 (A; L, typus), fl. fr. March 1939.

Description: Thusfar the genus Dacryodes, as far as the Australasian area is concerned, was only known to occur in Western Malaysia (including the Philippines), with a centre in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Only one, out of 13, species is extending towards Cochin China in the West and the Philippines and N. Celebes in the East and another is known from the Malay Peninsula, British N. Borneo and the Philippines (cf. the senior writer\xe2\x80\x99s paper in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, s\xc3\xa9r. III, Vol. XII, 1932, 334\xe2\x80\x94366).\nThus, Dacryodes was so far considered one of the many exclusively or preponderantly west-malaysian genera which do not or hardly cross Wallace\xe2\x80\x99s line.

Description: In my paper on Parmeliaceae (in Blumea, vol. 6, 1947) some remarks have been made concerning the taxa below the rank of species (p. 3\xe2\x80\x944), one of them being the statement that I was to try to hold an intermediate course between those authors accepting multitudes of varieties and forms, and others abandoning them all. In the eyes of both I may have failed.\nIn the present paper I am going to alienate myself still farther from the former group of authors in reducing varieties to forms and doing away with many other forms. Although in a way this contradicts my inclination towards a meticulous classification in my former paper, it should be borne in mind that not all genera in lichenology can be treated alike. I still believe in varieties and forms \xe2\x80\x94 considering e.g. Parmelia physodes very good illustration \xe2\x80\x94 but on the other hand I am well aware now that in following Hillmann, whom I shall always gratefully remember for his kind help during the early days of my lichenological training, I have been decidedly all too punctilious.

Description: As early as 1939 I started a study of Papuan Nothofagus, and since 1948 I was entrusted with the elaboration of all the material my colleagues could lay hands on. This work was repeatedly interrupted on account of official duties. Pending the full account of the work in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum I regret that it seems necessary to safeguard my conclusions as soon as possible.

Description: In den Jahren 1935 und 1936 sammelte C. E. Carr in Papua u. a. auch ziemlich viele Moose. Diese Sammlung wurde H. N. Dixon zur Bearbeitung \xc3\xbcbergeben. Die Originale der von diesem Bryologen aus dieser Sammlung kurz vor und w\xc3\xa4hrend dem Kriege neu beschriebenen Arten liegen in seinem Herbarium, das jetzt im British Museum untergebracht ist. Ein Teil der Carr\xe2\x80\x99schen Sammlung wurde vom Rijksherbarium in Leiden angekauft, darunter auch viele Nummern, die jetzt als Cotypen der Dixon\xe2\x80\x99 schen novae species gelten k\xc3\xb6nnen. Da der Ankauf schon vor dem Kriege bet\xc3\xa4tigt wurde, diese Moose also noch nicht bestimmt waren, \xc3\xbcberliess Herr Prof. Dr. H. J. Lam, der Direktor des Rjjksherbariums., mir diese Moose noch w\xc3\xa4hrend dem Kriege in liebensw\xc3\xbcrdiger Weise zur Bestimmung, wof\xc3\xbcr ich ihm auch hier danken m\xc3\xb6chte. Erst nach dem Kriege konnten die inzwischen \xc3\xbcber diese Moose erschienenen Ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichungen Dixon\xe2\x80\x99s eingesehen und mit meinen eigenen Befunden verglichen werden. Ueber das Resultat m\xc3\xb6chte ich im Folgenden berichten.\nFissidens wichurae Broth. et Fl. in Hedw. 38, 1899, p. 127. \xe2\x80\x94 Fissidens pungentissimus Dixon in Journ. of Bot., Jan. 1942, p. 2.

Description: Little attention has been paid till now to the algae, transported to the Netherlands coast on drifting objects. About a century ago T. D. Vrijdag Zijnen and G. Bisschop (near Scheveningen, \xc2\xb1 1845), and L. H. Buse (between Wijk aan Zee and Zandvoort, \xc2\xb1 1840\xe2\x80\x941847) were the first to pay attention to this subject. The material collected, especially that by the first two investigators, is mentioned in the Prodromus Fl. Bat. (1853). The book of Van Goor (1923) contains a chapter on these algae, in which, however, only few new observations occur. The author is much indebted to Dr Josephine Th. Koster for her kind help, as well as to Dr S. J. v. Ooststroom. The material, collected by Vrijdag Zijnen, Bisschop and Buse is almost completely present in the collections of the \xe2\x80\x98Rijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x99 and the \xe2\x80\x98Koninklijke Ncderlandse Botanische Vereniging\xe2\x80\x99, Leiden. The material, collected during the last few years has for the greater part been brought together by the present author, and furthermore especially by K. Swennen (Den Helder), J. Stock (Amsterdam), A. Mulder (Haarlem) and P. Leenhouts (Scheveningen). This material belongs to the collection of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, but most of it is, for the time being, put under the charge of the \xe2\x80\x9cComit\xc3\xa9 ter Bestudering van de Nederlandse Mariene Flora en Fauna\xe2\x80\x9d (\xe2\x80\x9cCommittee on the Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Marine Flora and Fauna\xe2\x80\x9d) and temporarily preserved in \xe2\x80\x9cHet Filiaal\xe2\x80\x9d, Leiden.

Description: Xyris malmei sp. nov. \xe2\x80\x94 Folia ensiformia, 7\xe2\x80\x9430 cm longa, subfalcata, minute papillosa. Scapus 20\xe2\x80\x9445 cm longus, teres vel subteres, papillatus. Bracteae ovatae ad ellipticae, obtusae, emarginatae vel retusae; bracteae basales cum nervo uno completo et nervis 4 descendentibus incompletis. Sepala lateralia naviculata, cum carina glabra carinata. Petala obovata, 8\xe2\x80\x949 mm longa, ungui 7\xe2\x80\x948 mm longo. Stamina 3\xe2\x80\x944.5 mm longa, antherae basi obtuse, apice profunde incisae, thecarum apex acute bifidus. Staminodia penicillata. Ovarium obovoideum. Stylus trifidus, ramulis apice capitatis.\nTypus: Robinson & Kloss 5962, in K: Malay Peninsula, Kedah Peak, 850\xe2\x80\x94 1200 m, Dee. 1915.

Description: At the instigation of the Director of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden, Prof. Dr H. J. Lam, who was puzzled by the problem of the delimitation of the genus Isonandra towards other genera, especially Palaquium, I assumed the task to compose a monograph of Isonandra. For this study material was kindly put at our disposal by the directors of several institutes, which enabled me to check up the type-specimens of all species, except that of Isonandra emarginata H. J. Lam, which failed to turn up even at Singapore and at Borneo. However, the Isonandra-character of this species is doubtful: it is more like Palaquium.\nIt is my pleasant duty to express my sincere thanks to the directors of the institutes mentioned underneath, for their valuable cooperation. Our thanks also due to Mr T. P. Nedungadi, M. A. of the Embassy of India at The Hague, whose kind intermediary enabled me to consult detailed maps of India and Ceylon.

Description: With reference to and in continuation of our elaborate announcement in Blumea VI, nr. 2, 1950, p. 544\xe2\x80\x94545, it is a pleasure to report now the publication of Vol. I, entitled: Malaysian plant collectors and collections, being a cyclopaedia of botanical exploration in Malaysia and a guide to the concerned literature up to the year 1950 by Mrs. M. J. van Steenis\xe2\x80\x94Kruseman (CLII + 639 pp., 3 maps and about 220 illustrations).\nThe General Part (roman page numbers) comprises introductory paragraphs (aim of work, interesting data and hints on labeling, lists of illustrations and literature of use to collectors and investigators, terminology of altitudinal zones, and the use of vernacular names) as well as chapters on the technique of botanical exploration and collecting, on the phytogeographical delimitation and subdivision of Malaysia, on the collections made in the area concerned (arranged both chronologically and geographically, with 1 map), statistics of collections and desiderata for further exploration with 2 maps), sources consulted for the data mentioned (literature and herbaria), and samples of handwritings of 70 collectors and botanists.

Description: Koorders, Fl. v. Tjibodas 2 (1923) 32\xe2\x80\x9446; Hochreutiner in Candollea 2 (1924\xe2\x80\x941926) 336\xe2\x80\x94359; Ochse, Indische Groenten (1931) 719\xe2\x80\x94722; Backer, Onkruidfl. Java Suiker (1930) 203\xe2\x80\x94209; Aimshoff in Blumea 5 (1942\xe2\x80\x941945) 515\xe2\x80\x94517. Miss Dr G. J. Amshoff started the revision of the Javanese Urticaceae, but left the definitive preparation to me.\nUrtica dioica L. and U. urens L. have been erroneously recorded for Java (Miquel, Fl. Ind. bat. 1\xc2\xb2, 1859, 227; Koorders, Exk. Fl. Java 2, 1912, 126). To my knowledge no specimens were ever collected there nor elsewhere in the Malay Archipelago.

Description: Though the new names published in Thunberg\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cFlorida\xe2\x80\x9d have been entered in the Index Kewensis, few botanists have tried to verify the status and synonymy of the new species proposed in this 2-thesis booklet. Thunberg\xe2\x80\x99s names were entered in Juel\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cPlantae Thunbergianae\xe2\x80\x9d (1918, 412 pp.).\nThe diagnoses are generally too short and vague to allow a definite opinion. Only Schott, Mueller Arg., and F. E. Wimmer have examined material of resp. the Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Campanulaceae.

Description: More than twenty years have elapsed since the senior author (H. J. Lam) recognized Haplolobus as a genus separate from Canarium. In the mean time much newly collected material has become available and in view of the intended revision for Flora Malesiana, the time has come to sum up our present knowledge.\nIt must be said first of all that this knowledge, in spite of a considerable progress, is still far from satisfactory. Not only is much of the material sterile, but the genus however small it is, more and more proves to be an extremely difficult one to handle in a practicable way. Whether or not this is due to its phylogenetic youth is of little consequence. The fact stands that we have to deal with a genus in which the subgeneric limits, even if intuitively recognizable to the experienced eye, are so evasive as to make it extremely difficult to show them clearly to the man of practice who has to work with the species and the names attributed to them.

Description: Within the Sapotaceae, the tribe of the Madhuceae presents a very homogeneous group. One point of view is to consider it a single polymorphous genus. The opposite opinion was expressed by Pierre, who distinguished a number of small genera, many on futile characters. Amongst those which stood later criticism is the genus Ganua which was, however, not published by Pierre but by Dubard (1907, 1908a, 201 and 1908b, 407), who adopted Pierre\xe2\x80\x99s Ms names and made use of his extensive annotations.\nThe name Ganua is derived from the word ganu, the native name for latex produced by a tree, \xe2\x80\x9cused for falsifying the valuable products of \xe2\x80\x98gutta terbu\xe2\x80\x99\xe2\x80\x9d (f. Errington de la Croix in schedula; cf p. 389).

Description: It is the fate of most historic personalities that in the course of time their work sinks almost completely into oblivion, and that the few lingering reminiscences of their achievements are transmitted to later generations in the form of second- or third-hand quotations, usually mixed with more or less anecdotic episodes from their life. It must be admitted that LINN\xc3\x89 occupies in this respect a comparatively favourable position, for most educated people will remember that they heard in their school days of at least three things which are credited to him, in the first place that he produced a classification of the plant kingdom which is based on the number of stamens and carpels, the so-called sexual system, in the second place that he was the first who consistently applied the binomial nomenclature, i.e. the custom to designate an organism by a combination of two names, viz. a generic and a specific one, and thirdly that he was the originator of the pronouncement \xe2\x80\x9cSpecies to numeramus quot diversae formae in principio sunt creatae\xe2\x80\x9d (We count so many species as in the beginning different forms were created). Other achievements of LINN\xc3\x89 may have been of greater importance, but it are these three things for which he is most generally remembered.\nThe pronouncement quoted above, which means that the groups of individuals which form the species are descended from ancestors that owed their origin to an act of creation, derives its historic importance from the part it played in the debates on the theory of evolution. As it implies that the species are constant, it became the watchword of the antagonists. It is, however, rather strange that this pronouncement has so often been quoted, for it is found in LINN\xc3\x89\xe2\x80\x99s earlier works only, and was in the later ones replaced by another statement that flatly denies the constancy of the species.

Description: Dialium hydnocarpoides, sp. nov. \xe2\x80\x94 Foliola (15)17\xe2\x80\x9419, elliptice oblonga, 4.5\xe2\x80\x946.5(8.5) cm longa, 2\xe2\x80\x942.5(3) cm lata, apice abrupte breviter acuminata. Sepala extus pubescentia, intus puberula. Stamina 2, raro 3. Ovarium in receptaculo plano, lato, strigoso excentrice insertum. Stylus glaber. Legumen fere globosum, leave, velutinum, c. 15 mm diam.\nTypus \xe2\x80\x94 Sumatra, Palembang, prope Lematang Ilir: FRI 185 T. 3 P. 541 (L).

Description: The data on which this study is based, were gathered during a scientific expedition which lasted from September 1948 to May 1949.\nThe author had accepted an invitation to join Prof. J. LANJOUW who on this expedition was entrusted with the botanical part of the investigations. They worked in close contact with the other staff members, the zoologists Dr D. C. GEIJSKES and P. H. CREUTZBERG, and the geo-morphologists Prof. J. P. BAKKER and Dr A. BEOUWER. Especially the cooperation with the latter group proved to be of prime importance for the study of the vegetation. For more general Information with regard to the aims and scope of this expedition the reader is referred to the preliminary report (26).

Description: 1. This paper deals with a pollenanalytical investigation of holocenic peat-layers in Central Friesland. 2. One diagram shows a praeboreal spectrum with Betula in the dominant position, the first appearance of thermophilous trees (Corylus, Alnus) and a high percentage of Gramineous and Cyperaceous pollen. 3. Originally in all diagrams the percentages of Ericaceous pollen are low. 4. During the boreal time the peat formation was of little importance. A maximum of Corylus pollen in the boreal period has not been found here. 5. In the Atlanticum a thick layer of peat has been formed; the percentage of Alnus pollen remains high, the Quercetum-mixtum fluctuates between 10 and 25 per cent and there is also much Corylus pollen. 6. Two narrow clay-bands are present in the peat. They contain many pollen grains of halophytic plants, which indicates that there must have been two marine transgressions in the Atlanticum. These transgressions will have reached their farthest point in this region. 7. In the upper atlantic and subboreal peat-layers there are many fragments of Ericaceae and also a high percentage of Ericaceous pollen. 8. The Young Sphagnum peat consists of Sphagnum species of the Cymbifolia section. The presence of Fagus pollen never reaches a level of 10 per cent. 9. During the subatlantic transgression the Young Sphagnum peat has locally been washed away and was replaced by clay with many Phragmites rests. The author wishes to express his thanks to \xe2\x80\x9cIt Fryske Gea\xe2\x80\x9d, the Frisian association for the protection of nature, president Mr. M. WIEGERSMA, Drachten, for the permission to take samples at \xe2\x80\x9cHet Princehof\xe2\x80\x9d and for the assistance to this work. He is also highly indebted to Dr. F. P. JONKER for his assistance and interest during the investigation and to Prof. Dr. C. E. B. BREMEKAMP for correcting the English text.

Description: Hymenosporum flavum (Hook.) F. v. M. Fragm. 2 (1860) 77; Benth. Fl. Austr. 1 (1863) 114; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. part 1 (1899) 71; White & Francis, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 35 (1923) 63; Pritzel, in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. Fam. ed. 2, 18a (1930) 281; White, Contr. Arn. Arb. 4 (1933) 39. \xe2\x80\x94 Pittosporum flavum Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4799 (1854).\nTERRITORY OF PAPUA. Isuarara, C. E. Carr 15625, tree ca 6 m tall, in secondary forest, ca 1200 m alt., 18.2.36, flowers yellow; Boridi, C. E. Carr 14869, tree ca 6 m tall, in secondary forest, ca 1200 m alt., 11.11.35, flowers cream tipped yellow, petals suffused pale rose-lilac inside at base of blade.

Description: A recent collecting trip extended the region to which these Studies originally referred in such a way that it seemed wise to change the original title, so that not only the arid area off the North coast of South America was indicated as the field of study.\nAlthough as yet these Studies are principally based on material collected by the editor on his three trips to the Caribbean, this volume proves that results obtained from material of different origin will be incorporated.

Description: On a private collecting trip to the Netherlands Antilles, in the winter of 1948\xe2\x80\x941949, I had the opportunity of studying an infestation of the sapodilla, caused by a well-known kind of fruitfly, Anastrepha serpentina, which, however, has never before been reported from these islands. The identification was kindly confirmed by E. McC. Callan, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad; specimens were compared by him with material named by A. Stone, deposited with the collections of the I.C.T.A.\nMy grateful thanks are due to the Department of Agriculture of the Netherlands Antilles for giving a financial support which made entomological work possible, and especially to Agricultural Superintendent B. A. Bitter, for putting at my disposal the facilities of the Agricultural and Experimental Gardens at Cas Cor\xc3\xa1.

Description: The small collection of tiger-beetles, belonging to the genus Cicindela, which is the subject of this paper, was made by Dr P. Wagenaar Hummelinck during his visits to the Lesser Antilles and the adjacent South American mainland coast in 1936-\xe2\x80\x9937 and 1948-\xe2\x80\x9949.\nThe greater part of the material has been deposited at the \xe2\x80\x9eZo\xc3\xb6logisch Museum\xe2\x80\x9d of Amsterdam and the \xe2\x80\x9eRijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden. Some specimens (14 C. auraria, 10 C. graphiptera and 9 C. trifasciata) were presented to the collections of the American Museum of Natural History, British Museum, Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Hope Department of Entomology at Oxford, The Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique at Brussel, Mus\xc3\xa9e National d\xe2\x80\x99Histoire Naturelle at Paris, Natural History Museum of Jamaica at Kingston, United States National Museum, and the Zoological Museum (including the collection E. Suenson) at Copenhagen, whose keepers kindly entrusted me with some material included in this study. The specimens from the U.S. Nat. Mus. were presented to Amsterdam, those from the Amer. Mus. to Leiden.

Description: In the East of Holland, in the Province of Overijssel, there is a region that, from the point of view of landscape, is one of the most beautiful and the most interesting we know in this country: Twente. Already in glancing through this publication it will be clear that this region played an important part in our research. Apart from the fact that our personal predilection for Twente undoubtedly was of some influence, this choice was equally directed by the geological wealth of that region coupled to the fact that here, as a consequence of numerous recent excavations, the deposits were excellently exposed. Of course, our research equally extended over other provinces but, whereas there a stress was laid on pollenanalytical research, geological research was less intensive than \xe2\x80\x94 for the reasons explained above \xe2\x80\x94 in Twente. Finally the research carried out near Usselo together with that carried out in S.W. Noord-Brabant, yielded together the solution for the dating of part of the coversands.

Description: The numbers (St. ...) quoted in the present systematic part, are the registration numbers of specimens in the Geological Museum at Leiden.\nThe molluscan collection from Poeloe Boenjoe comprises the numbers St. 41757\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9961 (inclusive), \xe2\x80\x9963\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9970, \xe2\x80\x9973\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9997, \xe2\x80\x9999\xe2\x80\x9441802, \xe2\x80\x9904\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9909; Tarakan: St. 41742\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9950, \xe2\x80\x9998. Other organisms: Boenjoe: St. 41762, \xe2\x80\x9971, \xe2\x80\x9972, \xe2\x80\x9995, 41803; Tarakan: St. 41751, \xe2\x80\x9952, \xe2\x80\x9953, \xe2\x80\x9954, \xe2\x80\x9955.

Description: Ever since his first experience with the remarkable \xe2\x80\x9cUpper Oligocene\xe2\x80\x9d molluscan fauna of the Isle of Buton, the present writer has endeavoured to find more convincing evidence for its age. One of the most tempting problems was why this fauna showed so few relationships to other fossil faunas or to the living mollusca (See Martin, 1933, 1935; Beets, 1942, a, d). Since the only firm point emerging from a number of more or less confusing data was that the closest relationships existed with the Neogene fauna of the East Indies, the writer started extensive comparisons with a number of undescribed fossil collections from that region kept in Netherlands museums (Leyden Geological Museum, Delft Mining Institute, Utrecht Geological Institute). Meanwhile, additional fossils from Buton at first still believed to be of an Oligocene age were received in 1943 from both the \xe2\x80\x9cRijkswegenbouw-Laboratorium\xe2\x80\x9d, The Hague, and the \xe2\x80\x9cNaturhistorisches Museum\xe2\x80\x9d, Basle, the latter fauna accompanied by notes concerning the locality compiled by its collector, Dr. F. Weber, Lugano.\nThe comparisons mentioned above bore their first fruits late in 1943 and earljr in 1944 when species described from Buton were discovered in an undescribed collection of mollusca from East-Borneo which apparently indicated unusually deep water deposition. It soon became apparent that the \xe2\x80\x9coligocene\xe2\x80\x9d mollusca from Buton too should be considered as a \xe2\x80\x9cdeep water\xe2\x80\x9d fauna. This seemed to explain a number of puzzling facts which up till that time did not fit the picture of Tertiary faunal development in the East Indies. Moreover, it appeared that the age of the fauna most probably was to be considered as Mio-Pliocene. Following researches with the aid of the collections in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, the Leyden Museum of Natural History and the British Museum (Natural History) confirmed the above revised views.

Description: La r\xc3\xa9gion que j\xe2\x80\x99ai \xc3\xa9tudi\xc3\xa9e et relev\xc3\xa9e est situ\xc3\xa9e dans les Alpes fran\xc3\xa7aises, \xc3\xa0 environ 4\xc2\xb0 longitude est et 50\xc2\xb015\xe2\x80\x99 latitude nord, et \xc3\xa0 environ 2000 m\xc3\xa8tres d\xe2\x80\x99altitude. Elle fait partie de la cha\xc3\xaene dite \xe2\x80\x9echa\xc3\xaene de Belledonne\xe2\x80\x9d qui s\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa9tend des massifs de Beaufort et du Grand Mont dans le N N E jusqu\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa0 ceux du Taillefer et de la Mure dans le S S W. Cette cha\xc3\xaene forme du point de vue g\xc3\xa9ographique comme du point de vue g\xc3\xa9ologique le prolongement m\xc3\xa9ridional de la cha\xc3\xaene des Aiguilles Rouges et de la cha\xc3\xaene du Mont Blanc. Celles-ci font partie de la zone externe des massifs cristallins des Alpes, dont le prolongement en Suisse est connu sous le nom de \xe2\x80\x9emassifs centraux des Alpes\xe2\x80\x9d. On entend par l\xc3\xa0 les cha\xc3\xaenes ant\xc3\xa9-alpines, et principalement hercyniennes des Alpes, constitu\xc3\xa9es de roches du Houiller d\xe2\x80\x99une part, de formations ant\xc3\xa9rieures d\xe2\x80\x99autre part, et recouvertes enfin de s\xc3\xa9ries d\xe2\x80\x99\xc3\xa2ges m\xc3\xa9sozo\xc3\xafque et permien. Dans le sud, cette cha\xc3\xaene hercynienne se divise de nouveau en deux branches, dont la plus orientale, celle des Grandes Rousses, aboutit \xc3\xa0 la partie d\xc3\xa9vers\xc3\xa9e vers l\xe2\x80\x99est, dans le massif du Pelvoux. Taillefer et la Mure forment le pivot le plus avanc\xc3\xa9 de cet arc, et en effet ce dernier massif dispara\xc3\xaet partiellement vers le S W sous le manteau s\xc3\xa9dimentaire du D\xc3\xa9voluy (cf. fig. 1). Le massif de Belledonne proprement dit, avec son point culminant: le Grand Pic de Belledonne, qui atteint \xc3\xa0 quelques m\xc3\xa8tres pr\xc3\xa8s les 3000, forme le tron\xc3\xa7on central de cette cha\xc3\xaene et se trouve \xc3\xa0 quelques kilom\xc3\xa8tres \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est de Grenoble dans le d\xc3\xa9partement de l\xe2\x80\x99Is\xc3\xa8re. Il est limit\xc3\xa9 \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99ouest par l\xe2\x80\x99Is\xc3\xa8re et le Drac; au sud par la Romanche; \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est par l\xe2\x80\x99Eau d\xe2\x80\x99Olle et au nord par la vall\xc3\xa9e de Laval et le Col de la Coche.\nLes Lacs Robert sont \xc3\xa0 peu pr\xc3\xa8s situ\xc3\xa9s au centre du Massif de Belledonne, dans un cirque encoch\xc3\xa9 dans le ralliement m\xc3\xa9ridional de la cha\xc3\xaene occidentale \xc3\xa0 la cha\xc3\xaene principale du massif. Cette cha\xc3\xaene principale, comprise entre le Jasse Bralart au N et le Petit Vent au S, limite la r\xc3\xa9gion lev\xc3\xa9e \xc3\xa0 l\xe2\x80\x99est, tandis que la Botte et le lac Achard la limitent au sud. A l\xe2\x80\x99ouest elle s\xe2\x80\x99arr\xc3\xaate au pied de la Croix de Chamrousse, le pivot m\xc3\xa9ridional, et du Grand Eulier, le contrefort septentrional de la cha\xc3\xaene secondaire; et au nord audessus de la Prairie de l\xe2\x80\x99Oursi\xc3\xa8re. Cette r\xc3\xa9gion a une largeur de 3 km et une longueur de 4 km environ. Le Grand Sorbier dans la cha\xc3\xaene principale, avec ses 2522 m. en est le point culminant. L\xe2\x80\x99impraticabilit\xc3\xa9 du terrain fixa des fronti\xc3\xa8res plus ou moins naturelles au lever. En particulier le flanc E de la cha\xc3\xaene principale, qui domine la vall\xc3\xa9e de Baton, \xc3\xa0 part quelques sentiers, n\xe2\x80\x99est pas accessible sans danger, \xc3\xa0 cause du mauvais \xc3\xa9tat de la roche schisteuse. Il en est de m\xc3\xaame pour la pente occidentale du Grand Eulier et du Casserousse, tandis que le flanc m\xc3\xa9ridional du Petit Vent et de la Botte est un des versants de la gorge profonde de 2000 m. o\xc3\xb9 coule la Romanche. C\xe2\x80\x99est \xc3\xa0 cela qu\xe2\x80\x99est d\xc3\xbb le nombre restreint d\xe2\x80\x99observations faites sur quelques parties de la p\xc3\xa9riph\xc3\xa9rie.

Description: Seit 1949 ist das Geologisch-Mineralogische Institut der Reichsuniversit\xc3\xa4t Leiden, (und zwar dessen Mineralogisch-Petrographische Abteilung, Leitung Prof. Dr. E. Niggli) mit Untersuchungen am Granitmassiv von Sept-Laux (Belledonne-Massiv, Frankreich) besch\xc3\xa4ftigt. Diese haben als Ziel, einen kleinen Beitrag zu liefern zum Versuche der L\xc3\xb6sung eines der wichtigsten petrogenetischen Probleme, n\xc3\xa4mlich der Frage nach der Entstehung von granitischen Gesteinen und Massiven. Zu diesem Zwecke wurde ein Teil des zentralen Granites des Belledonnemassivs im Masstabe 1:10000 kartiert, wobei besonders interessante Stellen mit dem Messtisch im Masstabe 1:100 bis 1:1000 aufgenommen wurden. Mehr als 800 Handst\xc3\xbccke wurden gesammelt und untersucht; von 100 Handst\xc3\xbccken wurden chemische Analysen angefertigt, um ein so genau m\xc3\xb6gliches Bild der petrochemisehen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse zu erlangen. Tausende von Kluftmessungen wurden ausgef\xc3\xbchrt und an zahlreichen Proben gef\xc3\xbcgekundliche Untersuchungen angestellt. Ueber diese und andere Terrainund Laboratoriumsarbeiten wird sp\xc3\xa4ter von meinen Mitarbeitern ausf\xc3\xbchrlich berichtet werden. In der vorliegenden ersten Mitteilung soil nur ein Detailproblem behandelt werden, n\xc3\xa4mlich die Anwendung stereometrischer Kriteria bei der L\xc3\xb6sung der Frage, wie die Aplit- bis Pegmatitg\xc3\xa4nge des Sept-Laux-Gebietes entstanden sind.\nDie Wahl des Arbeitsgebietes f\xc3\xbcr unsere Granit-untersuchungen fiel aus den folgenden Gr\xc3\xbcnden auf die hochalpine Region von Sept-Laux (\xc2\xb1 2000 m \xc3\xbcber Meer) : die Aufschl\xc3\xbcsse sind im allgemeinen hervorragend und ausgedehnt, da Vegetation kaum st\xc3\xb6rt; ferner sind die Gesteine im allgemeinen sehr frisch und wenig verwittert. Als Nachteil muss in Kauf genommen werden, dass die alpine Gebirgsbildung nicht spurlos an den Gesteinen vorbeigegangen ist. Der wohl herzynische Granit von Sept-Laux zeigt mikro- und makroskopisch zahlreiche Erscheinungen der spateren alpinen Dislokations-metamorphose und Orogenese. Immerhin ist zu bemerken, dass die alpine Gesteinsumwandlung hier bedeutend geringere Ausmasse als in den schweizerischen Zentralmassiven annahm.

Description: 1) In the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksmuseum van Geologie en Mineralogie\xe2\x80\x9d, Leyden, there is a small collection of Lower Tertiary mollusca from S.W. Celebes which allows of comparison with Abendanon\'s Celebes fossils described by Dollfus and kept in the \xe2\x80\x9cInstituut voor Mijnbouwkunde\xe2\x80\x9d, Delft.\nThe present note deals especially with Turritella krooni Dollfus (S.W. Central Celebes; said to be of Cretaceous age), a new subspecies T. krooni batuku\xc3\xabnsis (S.W. Celebes; Eocene), and the new T. krooni kalosiensis, formerly described as T. cf. angulata Sowerby and T. cf. assimilis Sowerby (S.W. Central Celebes; probably of Upper Eocene age, formerly considered to be of Oligocene age).

Description: Last year Prof. Dr. I.M. van der Vlerk brought to my attention a collection of fossil remains of mammals dredged up in the East Schelde, province of Zeeland, Netherlands. The fossils were obtained by the Schot brothers of the ZZ 8 from the bottom of a through ca. 1500 m long, 200 m wide, and 35 to 45 m deep along the South coast of Schouwen island North of the Roggenplaat, and belong to the municipal museum of Zieriksee. The keeper, Mr. P. van Beveren, suggested that they be identified. Prof. Van der Vlerk kindly arranged a short visit to Zieriksee to enable me to select the specimens described in the present contribution, and Prof. Dr. B.G. Escher, director of the Geological Museum at Leiden, had the photographs taken at his institution by Mr. W.F. Tegelaar. This cooperation is here gratefully acknowledged.\nThe fossils dredged from the East Schelde, as might be expected, are of various ages. Besides remains of mammoth, woolly rhinoceros, bison, and red deer, there are teeth of bunomastodontids and of primitive elephantines. Very similar teeth from the East Schelde have already been described by the late Miss Dr. A. Schreuder (1944, 1945a, 1949), who identified them as Anancus arvernensis (Croizet et Jobert) and Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley) respectively. The fossils thus identified are stained jet black, and for this reason have been referred to as \xe2\x80\x9cblack fossils\xe2\x80\x9d in the Dutch literature (Van der Vlerk, 1938, p. 10; Van der Vlerk and Florsch\xc3\xbctz, 1950, p. 63; Van der Vlerk, 1951, p. 119/120; 1952, pp. 156, 157). They are taken to represent a fauna somewhat older than that of Tegelen in Limburg province (= Upper Villafranchian: Schreuder, 1945b), and have been correlated with the Red Crags of England, Upper Pliocene or Lower Pleistocene according to one\xe2\x80\x99s own favoured definition of the Plio-Pleistocene boundary.

Description: De oude Heer CUVIER heeft in het begin van de vorige eeuw gezegd dat het leven op aarde te verdelen is in grote perioden van rustige ontwikkeling, afgewisseld met grote catastrophen (hij noemde het kataklysmen) waarin elk leven te gronde ging.\nTegenwoordig wordt dit alles niet meer zo absoluut gezien, maar toch weten we dat er in sommige tijden plaatselijke catastrophen plaats vonden: geweldige lava-uitstromingen, het optreden van ijsvelden die grote delen van de wereld bedekten etc. Al deze catastrophen vernietigden de plaatselijke planten- en dierenwereld en in de aangrenzende gebieden was de invloed vaak nog z\xc3\xb3 sterk, dat daar grote veranderingen optraden. Van een catastrophe echter die de gehele wereld ingrijpend be\xc3\xafnvloedde is nooit sprake geweest tot de komst van de mens.

Description: Fifteen years ago, H. Helfer in his paper \xe2\x80\x9dEinige neue Pantopoden aus der Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums in Berlin\xe2\x80\x9d (Sitz. Ber. Ges. Naturf. Fr., Berlin 1937 (1938), pp. 162\xe2\x80\x94185) established 5 new genera, each based on a new species, 2 new species belonging to known genera, and 3 new varieties.\nSince then, several authors have expressed their doubt about the validity of Helfer\xe2\x80\x99s new forms. Indeed, Helfer\xe2\x80\x99s descriptions and figures leave doubt as to the affinities of the material. Often the descriptions and the figures are contradictory e.g., in Heteronymphon kempi var. dimorpha the figure of the chelifore shows one suture too much, and in Pycnosoma batangense a suture too little.

Description: The publication by ENGEL, GEERTS and VAN REGTEREN ALTENA (1940) on Alderia modesta (Loven, 1844) and Limapontia depressa Alder & Hancock, 1862, in the estuaries of southwestern Holland (provinces of Zuid-Holland and Zeeland) induced us to look for these animals on other Dutch mud-flats, viz. in the Waddenzee, where they had not been collected before.\nFirst we inspected the gullies between the mud flats, which contain more than 1 metre of water at high tide and, in addition, the Zostera nana-zone, which is dry at low tide and about under 50 cm of water at high tide. Lateron we searched for algae in the brackish inland waters, which will be mentioned below. In all these localities we did not find a single Alderia modesta or Limapontia depressa.

Description: In September and October 1950, Mr. C. Swaneveld, of Zierikzee, and Mr. Jac. Viergever, of Serooskerke, collected some rich samples of Copepods, found alive in the branchial sac of certain species of Tunicates. The greater part of the Tunicates belonged to the Ascidian-species Ascidiella aspersa (O. F. M\xc3\xbcller.) The peculiar little commensal lives in the branchial cavity, often in considerable numbers, with their posterior antenna fixed to the body wall of the Ascidian. The species of the genus Notodelphys stand lowest in the scale of species adapted to this curious mode of life : I observed them moving quickly through the water outside the Tunicate, in a jumping way. Especially when the water contains little oxygen, the animals leave their host through the ingestion opening. They do not swim for longer than a few seconds, then settling again on some object, often the outer wall of the Ascidian.

Description: Among a recent importation from the Belgian Congo there was a multitude of lovely little aquariumfishes, mostly well-known to aquarists. but partly new to them, and some of these fishes even new to science. A large number of small \xe2\x80\x9dTetra\xe2\x80\x99s\xe2\x80\x9d closely resembled the well-known species Petersius caudalis. Four perfectly preserved specimens (formol), were supplied to me by Mr. C. A. Spoelstra of Haarlem, a well-known aquarist-breeder.\nIn order to identify this species, and designate its proper place, I started to study literature and material in the Museum. It then became evident that the classification and nomenclature of this group is far behind, a case somewhat similar to the one I recently discussed concerning the South-American Nannostomidi (Hoedeman, 1950 : 11-271). A large number of forms, merely of subspecific rank or local varieties only, have been named and classified as good species, while too much stress has been laid upon the dentition and number of rows of teeth as a character in the classification of this group. This character now clearly is of polyphyletic nature, and even highly variable in species and subspecies.

Description: Dr Junge of the \xe2\x80\x9eRijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden\xe2\x80\x9d has been so kind to lend me the following specimens of bats, registered as Tylonycteris pachypus (Temminck) (all in alcohol). reg. no. 273 ...... 3 males, 3 females ......... Java. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 274 ...... 2 females (1, m) ............ Cambodge. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 280 ...... 4 spec ........................ Annam. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1260 ...... 1 male, 1 female ............ Mt. Dapad, Borneo. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1420 ...... 4 spec. (v, w, x, y) ......... Buitenzorg, Java. \xe2\x80\x9e \xe2\x80\x9e 1645 ...... 34 spec. ........................ Malang, Oost-Java.\nWhen examining this material, I discovered that the 2 female specimens I and m of Cambodge (reg. no. 274), were misnamed. The label is reading:

Description: Among the notes and collections that came to the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam, after Dr H. C. REDEKE\xe2\x80\x99s death in 1945, I found an entirely completed manuscript, dealing with a new D\xe2\x80\x99Arcythompsonia found in a canal at Den Helder (Netherlands). This is the species cited as nomen nudum by KARL LANG (1948, p. 274), in his \xe2\x80\x9cMonographie der Harpacticiden\xe2\x80\x9d.\nPencil drawings and two coloured pictures relating to this species were found among REDEKE\xe2\x80\x99s papers. They have been redrawn in China Ink, without important alterations. The original slides used for these illustrations were found among the temporary glycerin mounts of Dr REDEKE; they are now \xe2\x80\x94 in a rather bad condition of course \xe2\x80\x94 in the Zoological Museum, with the collection number Co. 105,002. The holotype \xe2\x99\x82 (Z.M.A. coll. no. Co. 105,000) and allotype \xe2\x99\x80 (Z.M.A. coll. no. Co. 105,001) were selected from a vial labelled in REDEKE\xe2\x80\x99s handwriting \xe2\x80\x9cD\xe2\x80\x99 Arcythompsonia neglecta n.sp.\xe2\x80\x9d

Description: Toen ik deze studie begon was het mijn bedoeling de verspreiding van de Clausiliidae over de Indo-Australische Archipel te toetsen aan de van andere diergroepen bekende zo\xc3\xb6geographische gegevens. Al spoedig bleek echter, dat eerst een systematische bewerking noodzakelijk zou zijn om als basis voor verder onderzoek te kunnen dienen. Mijn doelstelling is dus gewijzigd in: het geven van een zo volledig mogelijk overzicht van de in de Indo-Australische Archipel voorkomende Clausiliidae, gebaseerd op literatuur-gegevens, museum-materiaal en recente, mede op mijn verzoek gedane vondsten. De thans uit de bewerking ter beschikking gekomen zo\xc3\xb6geographische gegevens zijn helaas beneden mijn verwachting gebleven. Daardoor valt de klemtoon van deze studie meer op de systematiek, waarbij vele nieuwe gegevens op het gebied van morphologie, anatomie en biologie aan het licht kwamen. Indien iedere verzamelaar van het bestudeerde materiaal zijn vondsten echter volledig had ge\xc3\xa9tiketteerd, waren nog veel meer bijzonderheden bekend geworden en waren die vondsten veel waardevoller geweest. Hieronder volgt een korte uiteenzetting van wat in de opeenvolgende hoofdstukken behandeld wordt.\nHOOFDSTUK I bevat een inleiding over de begrenzing van het onderzoek en vermeldt tevens van welke musea en particulieren materiaal voor studie is verkregen. De soorten van de familia Clausiliidae, die in de Indo- Australische Archipel voorkomen behoren alle tot de subfamilia Phaedusinae, die in hoofdzaak over Oost-Azi\xc3\xab is verspreid. Het bestudeerde gebied omvat de Maleise Archipel met inbegrip van het schiereiland Malakka en de Philippijnen.\nHOOFDSTUK II geeft een overzicht van de Phaedusinae men vindt er algemene gegevens over het voorkomen, over het uiterlijk van de slak, over de bouw van de schelp en over de anatomie van de voor de systematiek belangrijke organen. Er blijkt uit, dat de dieren vooral in heuvel- en bergland voorkomen, dat de spoelvormige tot penvormige schelp zeer ingewikkeld van bouw is en steeds kan worden afgesloten door middel van een sluitplaatje, dat in de laatste winding als een deur heen en weer kan bewegen.\nVerder worden de radula en de ingewikkeld gebouwde genitaal-organen beschreven. De slakken zijn hermaphrodiet, het is echter niet zeker of wederzijdse bevruchting plaats vindt. Ze leggen eieren of brengen jongen ter wereld, die reeds een schelpje met 2 tot 3 windingen bezitten.\nHOOFDSTUK III geeft een overzicht van de geschiedenis van de studie van de Zuidoost-Aziatische Phaedusinae. Daaruit blijkt, dat tot nu toe eigenlijk alleen aandacht aan de bouw van de schelpen, aan de systematiek en aan de verspreiding is besteed. Slechts in uitzonderingsgevallen vindt men bij de vroegere auteurs iets over de anatomie van een slakkensoort (3 x) of over het biotoop vermeld. De morphologie van de schelpen treft men in hoofdzaak aan in de vorm van onvolledige soortbeschrijvingen. Veelal zijn de inwendige bouw van de schelp en het clausilium niet beschreven.\nHOOFDSTUK IV behandelt het systematische gedeelte en begint met een opsomming van de 54 in het gebied aangetroffen soorten en ondersoorten, verdeeld over 6 genera. Negen soorten of ondersoorten zijn door mij voor het eerst beschreven.\nVervolgens vindt men een determinatie-tabel tot de genera en daarna worden de genera met de ertoe behorende soorten behandeld.\nDe behandeling van een genus begint steeds met de karakteristiek en met een determinatie-tabel tot de soorten. Daarna wordt soort voor soort volledig beschreven. Hierbij heeft in de meeste gevallen het holotype als uitgangspunt voor de beschrijving kunnen dienen. Ik heb tekeningen gemaakt van bijna alle soorten en ondersoorten, zoveel mogelijk naar de holotypen. Na de morphologische beschrijving van de schelp volgt een kort overzicht van de gepubliceerde gegevens op dit gebied. Daarna wordt zoo mogelijk de anatomie behandeld en vervolgens de verspreiding aan de hand van literatuurgegevens. Tenslotte worden alle door mij bestudeerde monsters, welke van behoorlijke vindplaatsgegevens voorzien waren, genoemd met opgave van minimum en maximum afmetingen en van de gemiddelden.\nDit hoofdstuk geeft dus een volledig overzicht van het bestudeerde materiaal in al zijn facetten.\nHOOFDSTUK V vat de in het vorige hoofdstuk verkregen gegevens samen. In de eerste plaats wordt in een systematisch gedeelte de huidige opvatting over de systematiek der Indo-Australische Phaedusinae uiteengezet. Daarna geef ik aan welke wijzigingen door mij in het door THIELE gepubliceerde systeem noodzakelijk worden geacht. Dit betreft in hoofdzaak twee punten, nl. 1. Acrophaedusa (type A. cornea P.HIL.), behoort niet als subgenus onder Hemiphaedusa en 2. Phaedusa (type Ph. corticina PFR.) en Pseudonenia (type Ps. javana PFR.) zijn niet synonym, doch duidelijk te scheiden genera.\nIn het bestudeerde gebied komen vertegenwoordigers voor van de volgende 6 genera: Phaedusa, Pseudonenia, Euphaedusa, Paraphaedusa, Acrophaedusa en Hemiphaedusa.\nVoor het combineren van deze genera tot groepen van hoger orde acht ik de tijd nog niet gekomen. Vervolgens worden de voor de systematiek meest belangrijke kenmerken genoemd en hun aanwezigheid in de zes genera wordt besproken. Hierbij is bij de morphologische kenmerken vooral aandacht besteed aan de inwendige bouw van de schelpen, d.w.z. aan de lamellae, plicae en aan het clausilium. Voorts worden enige anatomische en biologische eigenschappen behandeld; tot nu toe was daarover bijna niets bekend. Een korte bespreking van de genera en de daartoe behorende soorten sluit hierbij aan. Vervolgens eist de oecologie van de soorten de aandacht. De gegevens op dit gebied zijn nog steeds zeer onvolledig, ook al heb ik het aantal bekende feiten bijna kunnen verdubbelen. Men vindt onder de aanwezige soorten zowel bodembewoners als boombewoners.\nTenslotte wordt de verspreiding behandeld. Tabel I geeft de verspreiding van de soorten en ondersoorten over de eilanden aan. Daaruit blijkt, dat vier genera (Phaedusa, Pseudonenia, Acrophaedusa en Hemiphaedusa) binnen het bestudeerde gebied gebonden zijn aan het Sunda-plat, terwijl de twee andere genera (Euphaedusa en Paraphaedusa) in hoofdzaak beperkt zijn tot de eilanden tussen het Sunda- en het Sahul-plat. De soorten, die op het Sunda-plat voorkomen, hebben hun naaste verwanten in Achter-Indi\xc3\xab, zodat de immigratie wel van daaruit moet hebben plaats gehad. De soorten van de beide andere genera hebben hun naaste verwanten in China, zij moeten de Archipel wel via de Philippijnen hebben bereikt. De zo\xc3\xb6geographische conclusies, verkregen uit de verspreiding van de Clausiliidae over het Indo-Australische gebied, ondersteunen in het algemeen de bestaande, op andere diergroepen gebaseerde opvattingen.

Description: The genus Celebochoerus was based by me (Hooijer, 1948) on two fragments of upper canines of rather large size, different from their homologues in Sus celebensis M\xc3\xbcller and Babyrousa babyrussa (L.), the two living species of Suidae of Celebes. The specimens originate from Pleistocene deposits at Desa Beru, Tjabenge (Sopeng district), about 100 km N.E. of Macassar, S. Celebes, and were collected by Mr. H. R. van Heekeren, prehistorian to the Archaeological Survey at Macassar.\nIn the meantime I have received more specimens of upper canines, collected by Mr. Van Heekeren at Desa Beru and also at Sompoh, 12 km N. of Beru. These specimens, like those first described, are surface finds and consequently more or less water-worn. They show a great deal of variation in size as well as in the shape of their cross-section. As time fails now to give a description of all the fragments, I shall describe the best specimens first.\nThe largest specimen is the greater part of a right upper C, 11 cm in length. It originates from Sompoh. At the proximal end (pl. I fig. 3, to the right) the apex of the pulp cavity is shown. The tooth is slightly curved upward and backward and tapers distally. The cross-section is similar to that in the first described specimens (Hooijer, 1948, fig. 1 a, b): the anterior surface is at right angles to the upper and both surfaces possess a shallow longitudinal groove. The posterior upper and lower angles are gradually rounded off, and there is a sharp groove in the lower half posteriorly. The greatest diameters are ca. 42 mm horizontally and ca. 39 mm vertically.\nThe present canine is covered on all sides by a thick whitish layer also

Description: GENERAL CHARACTER\nNatrix vittata, the striped swimmer, is a harmless little snake, about half a meter long and as thin as a little finger, living in Java on coastal plains and in the hills up to 1200 m above see level. In a given area she will be very common but in adjacent regions, which to us may present exactly the same character of humidity, altitude, temperature, vegetation, etc., there will be only very occasionally a Natrix vittata among the catch (de Haas, 1941a).\nEven in the field she is easily recognisable, as she will lift her head high enough to show the curious design of her ventral shields. If there is an opportunity for examining the snake more closely, the twin small white spots on the head shields will identify her. The colour of the body is light bronze with a dark stripe on the spine and two stripes running on the sides.\nAlthough she moves gracefully and swims very well, she is easily caught but even then never tries to bite. There is some wriggling of the body in the hand and around the wrist but the head is erect and projected as far forward as possible swinging right and left in the attempt of seeking a way to escape. There is really only one disagreable feature about this natrix: when caught and especially when afraid or when too roughly gripped, she will open the cloaca and discharge the contents with a characteristic, most persistent and very unenjoyable odour. She is easy to maintain in captivity and unlike many other snakes, will take food readily. Once I saw three of these natrices in a cage, each gripping a part of the same small frog. Her inquisitiveness in the search for food makes her run big risks and her agility is only partly compensation for the lack of strong powers. This is well

Description: Unter diesem Titel, indessen mit dem Zusatz \xe2\x80\x9eunter Benutzung des Materials der Kollektion Eisner, Dahlem" \xe2\x80\x94 die Sammlung befindet sich z.Zt. im Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden \xe2\x80\x94 haben mein Freund Felix Bryk und ich die Gruppen Parnassius mnemosyne L., P. stubbendorfi M\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9tr., P. eversmanni M\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9tr., P. nordmanni M\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9tr., P. clarius Eversm., P. clodius M\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9tr., P. Orleans Ch. Oberth., P. apollonius Eversm., P. honrathi Staud. und A. Bang-Haas, P. bremeri Bremer, P. phoebus F., P. actius Eversm., P. jacquemontii Boisd., P. epaphus Ch. Oberth., P. tianschanicus Ch. Oberth., P. nomion Hb. und einen Teil von P. apollo L. kritisch bearbeitet, bis die Entwicklung der politischen Verh\xc3\xa4ltnisse in Deutschland die weitere Herausgabe der \xe2\x80\x9eParnassiana" durch uns unm\xc3\xb6glich machte und dadurch unsere Arbeit unterbrach. W\xc3\xa4re der Weltkrieg nicht ausgebrochen, h\xc3\xa4tten wir wahrscheinlich einen Weg gefunden, um das uns an\'s Herz gewachsene Werk schon l\xc3\xa4ngst fortzusetzen. Bryk weilt nun in Stockholm, mein Wohnsitz ist Den Haag, die enge Zusammenarbeit der Vergangenheit ist nicht m\xc3\xb6glich. Ich habe mich deshalb gefragt, ob ich es ohne die Unterst\xc3\xbctzung von Bryk\'s tiefem Wissen um die Parnassier und ohne seine kritische Kontrolle wagen kann, allein mit der Revision der Gattung fortzufahren. Ich habe aber das Gef\xc3\xbchl, damit doch einen Beitrag zu der Kenntnis dieser interessanten Lepidopteren-Familie leisten zu k\xc3\xb6nnen, und habe mich angemutigt durch meine Leidener Freunde entschlossen, dies zu tun. Herr Professor Boschma, dem ich daf\xc3\xbcr zu grossem Dank verpflichtet bin, hat mir angeboten, f\xc3\xbcr die Ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichung meiner Arbeiten in einer Form sorgen zu wollen, die es gestatten wird, diese separat zu sammeln und als Fortsetzung der fr\xc3\xbcheren Ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichung in \xe2\x80\x9eParnassiana" zu ge-

Description: In June 1951 Dr. A. R. Ranjha of the Zoological Survey Department, Government of Pakistan, at Karachi, sent me 26 samples of Loricata, together 46 specimens, preserved in 75% rectified spirit, all, except one, from the rockey beach of Manora Island, about two miles West off the Karachi coast, where they had been collected from the tidal area at low tide.\nThe samples were taken at different dates and by several collectors or collecting parties.\nThere are four species and one variety among the material, of which three species and the variety are supposed to be new.\nChiton iatricus Winckworth, 1930 Winckworth, R., 1930. Description of a new Chiton from Karachi. Proc. Malac. Soc.\nLondon, vol. 19, pp. 78-80, pl. 8b.\nMaterial examined: 200 yards W. of Mandir, Manora Island, rocky beach, 26-IV-1950, coll. Sufi, Taher & Qadri, 11 specimens.\nManora Creek, W. of Mandir, rocky beach, 11-V-1950, coll. Taher & Sufi, 5 specimens.\nManora Creek, Karachi, 16-V-1951, coll. Departmental Survey Party, 12 specimen \xce\x9b.\nManora Island, rocky beach, 6-X-1950, coll. S. Taher, 5 specimens.\nManora Creek, 22-IX-1949, coll. Dr. A. R. Ranjha, 6 specimens.\nWinckworth gave an excellent description of this species. His specimens were collected near the end of the East Pier at Karachi. The type measures 54 X 36 mm, the largest specimen 66 X 41 mm.\nThe 39 specimens from Manora Island are of a smaller size, the largest measuring 43 X 31, the smallest 8X6 mm. A few additional characters

Description: In his valuable report on the freshwater fishes of British Guiana, Eigenmann (1912, pp. 64-73) gave a list of the species, together with comparable lists on the freshwater fishes of the adjacent regions. In sharp contrast with the number of 266 species reported from the Essequibo area only, the total amount of Surinam species proved to be but 118! Although since Eigenmann compiled these lists some more species have been reported from Surinam, the general situation has remained essentially the same, clearly showing the backward state of ichthyological research in this area.\nA possibility to improve our knowledge of this subject came when during the last four years the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie received several more or less extensive collections of fishes from various parts of Surinam, on a small part of which two short reports have already been published (Boeseman, 1948a, b). However, as it was thought advisable to include all Surinam material available, the investigations thereof and the subsequent preparation of a comprehensive report would obviously take several years.\nOn account of this, it was considered useful to published some preliminary results of the investigations on the first part of our still rapidly growing collection of Surinam material. As this publication is meant to be principally of faunistic importance, all species already mentioned in Eigenmann\'s list (l.c.) have been omitted.\nPotamotrygon hystrix (M\xc3\xbcller & Henle). 1 ex., embryonic, in creek, Coppenam River Trail to Table Mountain (line III), 1st camp at km 57, Emma Range of Mountains, November, 1044, Dr. D. C. Geijskes, total length 23 cm.

Description: In connection with a study of an extensive collection of prehistoric mammals from Toalian caves in Southwestern Celebes, a certain number of recent mammal species from Celebes and adjacent islands have been examined. In most cases the recent material for comparison available of a given species was adequate to determine the status of the corresponding cave form. Some of the cave animals (Phalanger celebensis (Gray), Macaca maura (Geoffr. et F. Cuvier), Macrogalidia musschenbroekii (Schlegel), Sus celebensis M\xc3\xbcller et Schlegel, and Babyrousa babyrussa (L.)) could be shown to be subspecifically distinct from the living forms (Hooijer, 1950 a). In all of these cases the time that has elapsed since the deposition of the material in the prehistoric caves has been sufficient for a subspecific differentiation to have taken place.\nIn some cases examined, however, the recent material available to me at the time was rather poor, and additional material was greatly needed.\nSince the preparation of the cave report (Hooijer, 1950 a) more recent specimens have been examined while visiting various natural history museums in the United States. It is a great pleasure to thank the curators of mammals, Dr. George H. H. Tate of the American Museum of Natural History, Dr. David H. Johnson of the United States National Museum, and Dr. Colin C. Sanborn of the Chicago Natural History Museum, for their kind cooperation and permission to study the material in the collections under their charge.\nThe present paper contains observations on Phalanger ursinus (Temminck) and Lenomys meyeri (Jentink), two species which are represented in the cave collection and which I have dealt with before on the basis of

Description: In a previous paper (1952, p. 190) I reported upon a specimen from the Lucie River, Surinam, doubtlessly belonging to Boulenger\'s genus Brachychalcinus, but had to abstain from giving a definite specific identification on account of the lack of comparative material, the insufficiency of previous literature, and the obviously juvenile state of the single specimen.\nA possibility to look once more into this matter, and to amend my previous statement, was brought about by the existence of eight specimens from the same river system, and probably belonging to the same species, in the collections of the Chicago Natural History Museum, and the offer to have these sent to me as a loan. For this courtesy, and for the loan of a single juvenile specimen of Brachychadcinus retrospina Boulenger, I am indebted to Dr. R. F. Inger, Assistant Curator of Fishes of the Chicago Natural History Museum.\nThe genus Brachychalcinus Boulenger (1892, p. 11) belongs to the subfamily Stethaprioninae, a subfamily allied to the Tetragonopterinae but differing by the possession of a procumbent predorsal spine. Within this subfamily, however, Brachychalcinus differs from the other, and better known genera, by the shape of this procumbent spine, described by Eigenmann & Myers (1929, p. 508) as "trigger- or hammer-shaped, its free portion forming a longer anterior and shorter posterior branch, both of which are sharply pointed". It is triangular in lateral view, with the longest side about continuous with the dorsal outline, its two further sides concave, and is attached with the lower angle. A similar spine is found just before the origin of the anal fin.\nOf this very rare South American genus, only two species hitherto have

Description: The material to be described below forms part of a collection of fossil vertebrates made by Dr. J. Cosijn North of Djetis and Perning in Eastern Java (Cosijn, 1931, 1932). The Cosijn collection has not yet been fully described, some preliminary identifications were made by the late Prof.\nDr. J. H. F. Umbgrove (in Cosijn, 1931, pp. 118-119). The collection is preserved in the Geological Museum at Leiden ; I have previously described the remains of rhinoceros (Hooijer, 1946, pp. 3, 55, 73, and 76) and those of hippopotamus (Hooijer, 1950, pp. 66, 69-72, and 87-108). It is a pleasure again to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. Dr. B. G. Escher and to Prof. Dr. I. M. van der Vlerk for permission to study this valuable material.\nUmbgrove\'s first conclusion that the vertebrate fauna found by Cosijn is analogous to that of the Trinil bone beds is not shared by Von Koenigswald, who claims the mammalian fauna first discovered by Cosijn, the Djetis fauna, to be older than the Trinil fauna. The latter is Middle Pleistocene, and the Djetis fauna is placed in the Early Pleistocene (Von Koenigswald, 1935, p. 193).\nI have presented arguments elsewhere (Hooijer, 1952) for regarding the Djetis fauna as similar in age to the Trinil fauna. Both are early postVillafranchian faunas, and both are characterized by the presence of a series of forms (notably Macaca, Hylobates, Pongo, Ursus, Crocuta, and Tapirus) typifying the Southern Chinese Stegodon-Ailuropoda fauna (fully described in Colbert and Hooijer, 1953). The presence of these forms in the Javanese faunas shows that by the time of the formation of the Djetis and the Trinil beds these invading elements from the mainland of Asia had already reached Java (cf. Von Koenigswald, 1940, p. 72; 1950, p. 92). In our opinion the

Description: INTRODUCTION\nThe genus Metabelba was created by Grandjean in 1936 for Belbidae of which the solenidions of tibiae II and III are coupled with protective hairs, but of which the solenidion of tibia IV is free, long, and tactile. The genus belongs to the group of rather small species that are never covered with foreign material, but of which the cerotegument is very thick, especially on the moniliform legs, whilst the adults often bear the larval and nymphal skins.\nThe species have three or four lateral apophyses : one (which is not always present) between leg I and leg II, two between II and III, and one between III and IV. We have been in doubt as to the nomenclature of these apophyses, for although they have generally been regarded as tectopedia, they do not protect the trochanteres. Grandjean (in litt.) recently proposed to us the following notation. The apophysis between I and II is restricted to some members of the Belbidae, and in the present paper it is simply called anterior apophysis (a.a.). The two apophyses between II and III occur in several families; they protect the sejugal stigma; here they are called anterior and posterior parastigmatic apophyses (a.p.a., a.p.p.). It is obvious that the fourth apophysis is a discidium (dis; cf. Grandjean, 1952, p. 31).\nThere are no spinae adnatae but there is often one pair of protuberances under the anterior border of the notogaster, opposite to a corresponding pair on the propodosoma ; sometimes there is even a second pair of protuberances on the propodosoma, also situated in the posterior part.\nThe type of the genus is Damaeus papillipes Nicolet, a species that was insufficiently described, but of which Grandjean discovered specimens at

Description: In the course of the year 1954 I received for identification a little Nematoceron belonging to the family Lycoriidae (Sciaridae). After a careful examination of the material and the literature I arrived at the conclusion that my specimens represented a hitherto undescribed species. It belongs to the genus Neosciara Pettey, 1918 (sensu Lengersdorf, 1930 and Frey, 1942).\nThere is some confusion about the naming and delimitation of the genera in the subfamily Lycoriinae. The four most important opinions are : I. Lengersdorf (1930) : Genus Lycoria Meigen, 1800, syn. Saara Meigen, 1803, Gruppe I (no name, veins cu and m with bristles) and Gruppe\nII\nNeosciara Pettey, 1918 (cu and m bare).\nII. S\xc3\xa9guy (1940) : Genus Lycoria Meigen, 1800 (cu and m with bristles) and S ciara Meigen, 1803 (veins cu and m bare).\nIII. Frey (1942) : Genus Sciara Meigen, 1803, syn. Lycoria Meigen, 1800 (cu and m with bristles) and genus Neosciara Pettey, 1918 (cu and m without bristles).\nIV. Frey (1948): Genus Sciara Meigen, 1803 (cu and m with bristles) and genus Bradysia Winnertz, 1867, containing the subgenus Neosciara Pettey, 1918.\nThe character concerning the bristles on the veins cu and m is very important for distinguishing these genera. When summarizing the above opinions we find that the species with bristles on cu and m have been named Lycoria Meigen, 1800 = Sciara Meigen, 1803 (Lengersdorf, 1930) ; Lycoria Meigen, 1800 (S\xc3\xa9guy, 1940) ; Sciara Meigen, 1803 = Lycoria Meigen, 1800 (Frey, 1942, 1948). The species lacking setae on the veins cu and m have been named Neosciara Pettey, 1918 (Lengersdorf, 1930, Frey, 1942) ; Sciara

Description: The sinus rhomboidalis sacralis or sinus lumbosacralis as it is named by Ariens Kappers (1920) is an interesting anatomical part of the lumbosacral region of the avian spinal medulla. It is found in birds only and neither in reptiles nor in mammals.\nFig. 1 shows the lumbosacral part of the spinal medulla of Phoenicopterus Pig. 1. Spinal medulla of Phoenicopterus, dorsal view, with sinus lumbosacralis and corpus gelatinosum. From Imhof (1905). seen from the dorsal surface and Fig. 2 represents a diagrammatic transverse section through the lumbosacral part. These figures show some peculiarities that are found in birds only. All vertebrates with hind limbs have a lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal medulla, but in birds this enlargement has become more pronounced through the presence of the lumbosacral sinus. At the dorsal surface of the medulla there is an elongated cleft, which we may call the sinus, and this cleft penetrates rather deep, deeper than the central canal. The cleft is filled up by a plug of peculiar gelatinous tissue, which protrudes in a marked degree above the surface of the medulla. This tissue is named by Terni (1924) the corpus glycogenicus because the cells contain a great mass of glycogen. Perhaps it is better to use the name corpus gelatinosum, as this name pretends nothing, and glycogen is of common occurrence in tumors and in many other tissues. Ariens Kappers (1924) has shown that this tissue is of a very complicated origin, it is partly glious, partly pial and partly arachnoidal, it contains blood vessels and it is composed of large vacuolized cells. It is remarkable that this gelatinous tissue, when transferred to 70 % alcohol collapses in a few minutes. Imhof (1905) has studied the embryonic development of the lumbosacral sinus

Description: The species mentioned in the title of the present contribution was first described on the base of two incomplete upper molars, some fragments, and two portions of limb bones (Hooijer, 1949). The two and only complete molars were described later (Hooijer, 1953a). To this has been added the description of the milk dentition and of three premolars (Hooijer, 1953c).\nThere are, however, important lacunae in our knowledge of the molar dentition to be filled. It remains as yet uncertain whether the type upper molar of 1949 represents M2 or M3, while the smaller of the complete lower molars of 1953 could be either M1 or M2. The prolonged study of the fragmentary molars in the Celebes collection has now made it possible to assemble the full set of upper and lower molars, and to determine the correct serial position of the previously described specimens. This study further showed the occasional presence of tusks in the mandible, the first time that incisive tusks have been found to occur in the lower jaw of an Archidiskodon. The problem of the descent of the archidiskodonts, and thereby of the elephantids in general, has to be reconsidered in the light of this unexpected discovery.\nI wish, again, to express my feelings of gratitude toward Prof. Dr. A. J.\nBernet Kempers, former Head of the Dinas Purbakala R.I. at Djakarta, Java, who entrusted the material to me for study, and to Mr. H. R. van Heekeren to whom we owe the discovery of the Pleistocene vertebrate fauna of Celebes.\nArchidiskodon celebensis Hooijer Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer, Zool. Med. Museum Leiden, vol. 30, no. 14, 1949, p. 206, pis. VIII-IX; Chronica Naturae, vol. 105, 1949, p. 149; The Scientific Monthly,

Description: Since 1948 Mr. H. R. van Heekeren, then prehistorian to the Archaeological Survey of the Dutch East Indies, kept up an intermittent search for fossil teeth and bones that occur in association with Palaeolithic artifacts at Beru and Sompoh, near Tjabenge (Sopeng district), about 100 km Northeast of Macassar in Southwestern Celebes. These sites are now known to yield an interesting vertebrate fauna, presumably Pleistocene in age, the first found elements of which were described a few years ago (Hooijer, 1948, 1949).\nOne of the most remarkable discoveries in the Tjabeng\xc3\xa8 area made by Mr.\nVan Heekeren is a small elephantine that I have named Archidiskodon celebensis (Hooijer, 1949). It was based on an almost complete and unworn upper molar, and on a similar but worn specimen, while parts of an ulna and a tibia were also described. I ventured to interpret these fossils as belonging to a dwarf archidiskodont elephant (standing about six feet high at the shoulder when adult), in a curious way retaining the characters of Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley) from which I took the Celebes elephantine to have been derived.\nIt is a great pleasure, again, to acknowledge my indebtedness to Prof. Dr.\nA. J. Bernet Kempers, Head of the Dinas Purbakala R.I. at Djakarta, Java, who entrusted the Celebes fossil vertebrates to me for study. Moreover, I wish to thank Dr. Edwin H. Colbert of the American Museum of Natural History, New York, for stimulating discussions and kind advice. The proboscidean remains to be described below are the best specimens that Mr.\nVan Heekeren ever collected in Celebes in the years 1948 to and including 1950, and credit should go to him especially for his perseverance in the field without which these valuable specimens would never have been collected.

Description: A study of the collection of Dermaptera in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden has been made by the author during the years 1942 and 1943, but publication of the results had to be postponed for several years on account of various difficulties arising during and since the war.\nThese investigations yielded some interesting results, including the descriptions of several new species. It is intended to publish these descriptions in the near future after a study of the literature of the group that has appeared since 1943.\nOf the subfamily Diplatyinae the material of the Leiden Museum contains specimens of two forms that proved to belong to hitherto undescribed species. Together with other representatives of this subfamily these specimens were sent to Dr. W. D. Hincks of the Manchester Museum, for comparison with the material that formed the basis for his nearly completed revision of the group. Of the two forms referred to above, one appeared to be conspecific with a species to be described by Dr. Hincks in the near future, the other is described in the present paper, in order that notes on this species may be incorporated into the revision of the group.\nDiplatys sumatranus nov. spec. 1 \xe2\x99\x82, Air Njuruk, Dempu, Sumatra, 1400 m, VIII 1916, coll. E. Jacobson.\nThe present specimen is small and slender, of the usual general appearance in this genus (see fig. 1).\nColouration: the head and the prozona of the pronotum are castaneous; the same colour, though less dark generally, is shown by the median part of the metazona, the elytra, a band along the outer margins of the wing-scales, Fig. 1. Diplatys sumatranus nov. spec. af habitus of male, and end of abdomen in lateral

Description: Sherborn (1899) very ably discussed the four editions of Lacep\xc3\xa8de\'s "Tableaux des Mammif\xc3\xa8res et des Oiseaux" that were known to him, and made the complicated history of these publications clear. To these four editions we now can add two that evidently were not known to Sherborn, one of which must be exceedingly rare. In the following lines the six editions are discussed in chronological order; editions I, III, IV, and V have been dealt with by Sherborn, II and VI are those that we recently became acquainted with.\nEdition I (published between January 1 and September 22, 1799). The original "Tableaux" were published in Lacep\xc3\xa8de\'s "Discours d\'ouverture et de cl\xc3\xb4ture du cours d\'histoire naturelle Donn\xc3\xa9 dans le Mus\xc3\xa9um national d\'Histoire naturelle, l\'an VII de la R\xc3\xa9publique, et Tableaux m\xc3\xa9thodiques des mammif\xc3\xa8res et des oiseaux" a paper, in-4, issued "\xc3\xa0 Paris chez Plassan, Imprimeur-Libraire. L\'an VII de la R\xc3\xa9publique." This publication consists of three parts. The first (4 pp., pp. 1-55, 1 p.) contains the actual "Discours". The second is the "Tableau des divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des mammif\xc3\xa8res", pp. 1-18; the third is "Tableau des sous-classes, divisions, sous-divisions, ordres et genres des oiseaux", pp. 1-20. This edition has been fully dealt with by Sherborn (1899).\nEdition II (published between September 23 and December 31, 1800).\nThis second edition was published as an appendix to "S\xc3\xa9ances / des \xc3\xa9coles normales, / recueillies / par des st\xc3\xa9nographes, / et revues / par les professeurs. / Nouvelle \xc3\xa9dition. / Tome huiti\xc3\xa8me." published at "Paris, / \xc3\xa0 l\'imprimerie du cercle-social. / (1800.) / An 9 de la R\xc3\xa9publique Fran\xc3\xa7aise.", it is in-8. The appendix consists of pp. 1-86 (pp. 1, 2, 3, 38 and 39 are un-

Description: There has been considerable confusion over the name Verbesina pseudoacmella and V. acmella published by Linnaeus in the Species Plantarum (1753, p. 901). He applied these names to definitions taken from his earlier work, Flora Zeylanica (1748, p. 144, 145, nos. 308 and 309), with only one unimportant alteration. The title page of the Flora Zeylanica shows that the book is intended as an account of Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s plants, and this is confirmed for the two species concerned by the close agreement between the descriptions published and the specimens in Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s Herbarium preserved in the Department of Botany of the British Museum. These two Linnean species must, therefore, be interpreted by reference to Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s specimens, regardless of the fact that figures cited by Linnaeus in the synonymy of each species (viz. Seba, Thesaur. 1, t. 10, 11; Plukenet, Alm. t. 159, f. 4) are of the plant which generally has been known as Spilanthes acmella.\nIn 1888, Trimen published notes on Hermann\xe2\x80\x99s Herbarium (Journ. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.) vol. 24, p. 129); he identified the specimens representing these two species as follows: No. 308, Verbesina pseudo-acmella, as possibly a young specimen of Wedelia biflora DC.; and No. 309, Verbesina acmella, as Blainvillea latifolia DC. A drawing included in the herbarium he identified as \xe2\x80\x9cSpilanthes acmella\xe2\x80\x9d. As this drawing was not mentioned by Linnaeus, it must not be considered when interpreting the species. In his revision of the genus Spilanthes, A. H. Moore (Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 42, 1907, p. 521) rejected the name Verbesina pseudoacmella L. as referring to a mixture of genera, but retained \xe2\x80\x9cVerbesina acmella L.\xe2\x80\x9d as the basis of a species of Spilanthes.

Description: So far as we know, all Burseraccae have been described as shrubs or trees, ranging from small and slender to very lofty.\nSome recently discovered material, however, pointed at the possibility that scandent representatives, if perhaps not true lianes, are not entirely lacking in the family. The first specimen intimating this habit to have come to our knowledge was collected by J. & M. S. Clemens on Mt. Kinabalu in British North Borneo, with the emphatic addition \xe2\x80\x9csurely scandent\xe2\x80\x9d. This specimen is almost certainly a Dacryodes in the relationship of rugosa (Bl.) H. J. Lam, var. virgata (Bl.) H. J. Lam. It appeared to deserve specific rank and it has been described by the junior writer underneath as D. scandens. Full particulars are give there.

Description: Trees; leaves with caducous stipules; tertiary nervation descendant, but usually lax and irregular; inflorescences clustered, axillary, manyflorous; calyx with two rows of four lobes each; corolla 8-merous, each lobe with 2 dorsal segments as long as itself; stamens epipetalous, 8, in the same row as the 8 alternipetalous staminodes; ovary usually 8-celled; cells 1-ovuled, ovules anatropous, attached at the base; fruit a berry, 1\xe2\x80\x942-seeded; seeds with a small, circular, basal scar, in which the hilum and the micropyle are placed close to one another; albumen abundant; cotyledons thin, foliaceous; radicle long, cylindrical, exsert \xe2\x80\x94 About 80 species in all tropical countries, except in America.\nIn 1925, Lam (Bull. Jard. Bot. Bzg, s\xc3\xa9r. 3, 7, 1925, 235\xe2\x80\x94237) described of M. elengi three varieties, var. typica, var. parvifolia and var. brevifolia and a forma longepedunculata in the type-variety. As was pointed out already by him, the differences between the two new varieties are slight, if existing at all. As those between M. elengi and M. parvifolia were obscured by many intermediate stages Lam was forced to consider the latter a variety of the former. Studying the more abundant material at our disposal it becomes clear that M. elengi is an extremely variable species in which it is impossible to distinguish varieties or forms. However, it must be pointed out that in the western parts of the Archipelago the leaves are large (up to 18 cm long), whereas they are decreasing in size towards the east, ending in the small leaves of the former species M. parvifolia (up to 6 cm long).

Description: Argostemma Wall. (type species: A. verticillatum Wall.).\nThis large Old World genus, comprising about 240 binomials of which, ca 70-80 will prove to be distinct species, has been almost unanimously left undivided. Exceptions are Reinwardt who in 1825 created the genus Pomangium, independently of Wallich (1824) and Ridley who in 1927 based the genus Argostemmella on two Bornean species of Argostemma. My revision (in msc.) of Argostemma occurring in Malaysia confirmed the common view that there is no reason for splitting up this genus. However, several subdivisions (sections) can reasonably be accepted. As those sections mostly represent well-delimited taxa in connection with a rather evident distribution of their own, I propose here the following 5 sections for Argostemma. It should be borne in mind that I have examined almost all extra-Mallaysian species too.

Description: In 1949 a trip was made to Kenya Colony, British East Africa, with the aim of collecting Phanerogamic plants and Ferns. The intention was to collect 12 sets of each number which I managed to do for about 70 %.\nExcept for the first set which will be incorporated in the Rijksherbarium, the plants will be sold to those institutes in Europe, S. Africa and America which had subscribed in advance. It is expected, however, that a few more sets in excess of the 12 aforementioned will be available. It should be noted that these will prove rather incomplete, numbering less than 30 % of the total amount.

Description: The Compositae of the Malay Archipelago and New Guinea collected by O. Beccari have been studied by U. Martelli in 1883. Afterwards J. Mattfeld reconsidered some of Beccari\xe2\x80\x99s Compositae, chiefly specimens of the genus Blumea, founding also a new species, Anaphalis arfakensis, on a Beccari specimen from Papua.\nThe re-examination of the above mentioned collection brought to light some misinterpretations.

Description: For this study which was suggested to me and promoted by Dr R. A. Maas Geesteranus I had at my disposal the material of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden, the herbaria of the Universities at Amsterdam, Groningen and Utrecht, and those of the \xe2\x80\x9cKoninklijke Nederlandse Botanische Vereniging\xe2\x80\x9d and the \xe2\x80\x9cNatuurhistorisch Museum\xe2\x80\x9d, Maastricht. I wish to express my thanks to the directors of these institutions for putting the material at my disposal, and above all to the staff of the \xe2\x80\x9cRijksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d, who gave me a great deal of valuable help, especially Dr Josephine Th. Koster, Dr Maas Geesteranus and Dr S. J. van Ooststroom. I am indebted to Dr H. C. D. de Wit for the solution of some intricate nomenclatural questions, to H. J. T. Tammel for drawing the figures.\nThanks to the presence of the herbarium of Persoon in the \xe2\x80\x9cRjjksherbarium\xe2\x80\x9d at Leiden, I was able to arrive at a better interpretation of a number of species described by him. This was especially important for the reason, that Persoon\xe2\x80\x99s \xe2\x80\x9cSynopsis Fungorum\xe2\x80\x9d of 1801 is the \xe2\x80\x9cstartingpoint\xe2\x80\x9d of nomenclature in the Gasteromycetes.

Description: The Dalskog Dais-Rostock area lies in the Swedish province of Dalsland, to the west of lake V\xc3\xa4nern. It lies entirely within the Upperud sheet of both the topographic (1926) and geological map (1870) and comprises parts of the parishes Gunnarsn\xc3\xa4s, Dalskog and \xc3\x96r.\nAs shown by the outline map (fig. 1), the investigated region is situated in an area of gneiss-granites and supracrustal formations, which lies to the west of lake V\xc3\xa4nern as an island in the great, highly metamorphic complex of gneisses of southwestern Sweden. In the adjoining table the geological events wich left their marks in the rocks of the Dalskog Dals-Rostock area are listed in chronological order. For the sake of clearness the table has been completed with data known from the adjoining regions, but these are placed in parentheses.

Description: Faisant suite aux lev\xc3\xa9s g\xc3\xa9ologiques dans la zone Nord-Pyr\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9enne et dans la zone axiale des Pyr\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9es ari\xc3\xa9geoises et de la haute-Garonne, le Val d\'Aran et le Haut-Pallaresa ont \xc3\xa9t\xc3\xa9 incorpor\xc3\xa9s dans la cartographie depuis 1952. N\xc3\xa9anmoins les r\xc3\xa9sultats provisoires ont d\xc3\xa9j\xc3\xa0 une importante influence sur notre conception de la structure g\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9rale de la zone axiale centrale. Il para\xc3\xaet utile d\'en esquisser une premi\xc3\xa8re \xc3\xa9bauche, quoiqu\'il para\xc3\xaesse certain que beaucoup de d\xc3\xa9tails seront corrig\xc3\xa9s par les lev\xc3\xa9s post\xc3\xa9rieurs.\nLe Val d\'Aran depuis el Puente del Rey jusqu\'au Puerto de Bonaigua constitue un vaste bassin dans lequel na\xc3\xaet la Garona, aliment\xc3\xa9e par une dizaine d\'affluents venant du Sud, de l\'Est et du Nord. Sa situation au centre de la grande cha\xc3\xaene pal\xc3\xa9ozoique des Pyr\xc3\xa9n\xc3\xa9es en fait le lieu le plus propice pour \xc3\xa9tudier le d\xc3\xa9veloppement stratigraphique du Primaire et sa d\xc3\xa9formation structurale accompagn\xc3\xa9e de deux phases magmatiques, datant de la fin de cette \xc3\xa9poque.