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  • Female  (876)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Fisheries
  • 2020-2023  (33)
  • 2000-2004  (901)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early tutoring and adult reproductive behaviour in female domestic canary (Serinus canaria) (2000)
    Springer
    Animal cognition 3 (2000), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-9456
    Keywords: Key words Songbird ; Female ; Sexual imprinting ; Sexual preferences ; Reproductive activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We studied the effect of early tutoring on the subsequent sexual preferences and reproductive activity of female domestic canaries (Serinus canaria). Young female canaries were exposed during the first 4 months of life to songs of either domestic or wild canaries. When adult, these females were again exposed to domestic or wild songs. In the first experiment, the sexual responses of the females to unfamiliar domestic and wild songs were quantified with the copulation solicitation display (CSD) assay. In the second experiment, the same females were tested again with modified tutoring songs. In the third experiment, song stimulation of nest-building and egg-laying was studied. Domestic-strain-tutored females gave more CSDs to domestic than to wild songs. In contrast, wild-strain-tutored females showed no sexual preference. We propose that the sexual preference of adult domestic-strain-tutored female canaries for domestic songs is the consequence of learning and categorisation processes. The discrepancy between the results of the domestic-strain-tutored females and those of the wild-strain-tutored females suggests that female canaries have a predisposition to learn songs of their own strain rather than songs of an alien strain. In the third experiment nest-building and egg-laying activities appeared to be unaffected by early tutoring conditions: there was no significant differential effect of the different tutoring and exposure conditions on nest-building and egg-laying scores. Mate attraction and stimulation of females’ reproductive activity appear to be two separate functions of male song, which may have been shaped by different evolutionary constraints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100710050049
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulating the global fisheries: The World Wildlife Fund, Unilever, and the Marine Stewardship Council (2000)
    Springer
    Agriculture and human values 17 (2000), S. 125-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8366
    Keywords: Environment ; Fisheries ; Fordism ; Nation-State ; Regulation ; Supranational State ; Transnational corporations ; Transnational State
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract This analysis uses an analytical frameworkgrounded in political economy perspectives of theglobalization of the agro-food sector combined with acase study approach focusing on the Marine StewardshipCouncil (MSC) to inform discussions regarding thecharacteristics of societal regulation in thepost-Fordist era. More specifically, this analysisuses the case of the emergence of the MSC toinvestigate propositions regarding the existence of,and location of, nascent forms of a transnationalState. The MSC proposes to regulate the certificationof sustainable fisheries at the global level throughan eco-labeling program. The MSC was created in 1996by the transnational environmental organization theWorld Wildlife Fund and the transnational corporationUnilever. The emergence of the MSC has generatedheated discussion in fisheries management circles thatis in general divided along North/South lines. Thisanalysis indicates that the case of the MSC providesvaluable insights into the possible characteristics ofsupranational regulatory mechanisms that might emulatethe role of the nation-State in the post-Fordist era.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007625606243
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Summer/winter differences in the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone levels of Japanese women (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of biometeorology 44 (2000), S. 186-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1254
    Keywords: Keywords Correlation ; Female ; 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) ; PTH ; Seasonal difference
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Abstract  Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] is produced in the skin in response to exposure to ultraviolet radiation, and is a good indicator of vitamin D nutritional status. The aim of this study was to determine summer/winter differences in serum 25(OH)D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in Japanese women and how the summer and winter values are related. The subjects were 122 healthy Japanese women aged 45–81 years (average age: 65.7 years). They were medically examined twice, in September 1997 and February 1999. Serum 25(OH)D3 and intact PTH were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography and a two-site immunoradiometric assay respectively. Lifestyle information was obtained through an interview. The seasonal differences (winter minus summer) in 25(OH)D3 [Δ25(OH)D3] and intact PTH concentrations were –18.8 nmol/l (SD 19.2, P〈0.0001) and 0.98pmol/l (SD 1.02, P〈0.0001) respectively. The correlation coefficient between summer (x) and winter (y) 25(OH)D3 levels was 0.462 (P〈0.0001), with a linearly fitted line of y=0.42x+26.4. This relationship was interpreted as subjects with higher summer 25(OH)D3 values having greater reductions in winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations. There were inter-individual differences in Δ25(OH)D3, although the summer and winter 25(OH)D3 concentrations were well-correlated. Since Δ25(OH)D3 was not associated with any of the lifestyle factors, seasonal differences in the 25(OH)D3 concentrations of an individual appeared to reflect her ability to produce 25(OH)D3 photochemically in the skin. Sun bathing would be a less effective means of attaining adequate vitamin D nutritional status in a person with a small seasonal difference in 25(OH)D3, i.e., one with a low 25(OH)D3 level.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004840000067
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Systems of Knowledge: Dialogue, Relationships and Process (2000)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 277-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: Systems of Knowledge ; Local Knowledge ; Fisheries ; Resource Management
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract During the last 20 years, the existence of rich systems of local knowledge, and their vital support to resource use and management regimes, has been demonstrated in a wide range of biological, physical and geographical domains, such as agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry and agroforestry, medicine, and marine science and fisheries. Local knowledge includes empirical and practical components that are fundamental to sustainable resource management. Among coastal-marine fishers, for example, regular catches and, often, long-term resource sustainment are ensured through the application of knowledge that encompasses empirical information on fish behaviour, marine physical environments, fish habitats and the interactions among ecosystem components, as well as complex fish taxonomies. Local knowledge is therefore an important cultural resource that guides and sustains the operation of customary management systems. The sets of rules that compose a fisheries management system derive directly from local concepts and knowledge of the resources on which the fishery is based. Beyond the practical and the empirical, it is essential to recognise the fundamental socio-cultural importance of local knowledge to any society. It is through knowledge transmission and socialisation that worldviews are constructed, social institutions perpetuated, customary practices established, and social roles defined. In this manner, local knowledge and its transmission, shape society and culture, and culture and society shape knowledge. Local knowledge is of great potential practical value. It can provide an important information base for local resources management, especially in the tropics, where conventionally-used data are usually scarce to non-existent, as well as providing a shortcut to pinpoint essential scientific research needs. To be useful for resources management, however, it must be systematically collected and scientifically verified, before being blended with complementary information derived from Western-based sciences. But local knowledge should not be looked on with only a short-term utilitarian eye. Arguments widely accepted for conserving biodiversity, for example, are also applicable to the intellectual cultural diversity encompassed in local knowledge systems: they should be conserved because their utility may only be revealed at some later date or owing to their intrinsic value as part of the world's global heritage. At least in cultures with a Western liberal tradition, more than lip-service is now being paid to alternative systems of knowledge. The denigration of alternative knowledge systems as backward, inefficient, inferior, and founded on myth and ignorance has recently begun to change. Many such practices are a logical, sophisticated and often still-evolving adaptation to risk, based on generations of empirical experience and arranged according to principles, philosophies and institutions that are radically different from those prevailing in Western scientific circles, and hence all-but incomprehensible to them. But steadfastly held prejudices remain powerful. In this presentation I describe the 'design principles' of local knowledge systems, with particular reference to coastal-marine fishing communities, and their social and practical usefulness. I then examine the economic, ideological and institutional factors that combine to perpetuate the marginalisation and neglect of local knowledge, and discuss some of the requirements for applying local knowledge in modern management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011470209408
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  • 5
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    Yemaya No. 63, May 2021 (2022)
    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-21
    Description: Yemaya No. 63, dated May 2021, features articles from US, The Netherlands, Myanmar, Senegal, and an article on women in fisheries and human rights. The article from the US by Linda Behnken argues that a growing coalition of small-scale, community-based fishers is calling for the recognition and protection of Alaska’s invaluable coastal fisheries during COVID-19. The article from the Netherlands by Cornelie Quist looks at the challenges facing women engaged in small-scale fishing and supplying fish through retailers and how they found new ways to directly reach consumers. The conversation between Miranda Bout and Cornelie Quist focuses on how they combined new product development with the use of social media to contact their customer base during the pandemic-induced disruption of traditional marketing chains. The article by Elena Finkbeiner, Juno Fitzpatrick and Whitney Yadao-Evans looks at recent media revelations and scientific research that have brought increased attention to human-rights violations and the myriad social issues facing fisheries, but with a disproportionate focus on labour-rights violations at sea and in industrial fishing operations. The systemic inequalities combined with the effects of COVID-19 exacerbated vulnerabilities of women to health risks, food and livelihood security. The article from Senegal by Aby Dia from Lumière Synergie pour le Développement (LSD), in collaboration with WoMin African Alliance, South Africa, narrates the story of traditional women fish processors from the Bargny who have been, for more than a decade, struggling against development projects that jeopardise their environment, health and livelihoods. In order to preserve their livelihoods, women processors in Senegal have come together to oppose the Tosyali steel project. The European Network of Women in Fisheries and Aquaculture in Europe (AKTEA) urges the Office of the Commissioner for the Environment, Oceans and Fisheries to integrate gender into all aspects of European fishing policy. The Profile column looks at how Linda Behnken became a fisher in Alaska and how fishing has shaped her individuality and work. Natalie Sattler says that fishing for halibut, sablefish and salmon from the sparkling waters of the Pacific along with her children and at the same time passion for working with the Alaska Longline Fishermen’s Association and the Alaska Sustainable Fisheries Trust is an immense challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Fishing Communities ; Women in fisheries ; Gender ; Small-scale fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 12p.
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  • 6
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    Sitios de agregación reproductiva de pargos (Lutjanidae) en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe, Cuba. (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-28
    Description: Las pesquerías basadas en las agregaciones reproductivas pueden amenazar a especies como los pargos que tienen conductas gregarias durante el período reproductivo. Esta nota ofrece elementos que sugieren la existencia de sitios de agregación no registrados previamente y no protegidos en el Parque Nacional Cayos de San Felipe (PNCSF), región suroccidental de Cuba. La información tradicional obtenida de pescadores locales y trabajadores del parque se corroboró con muestreos cualitativos y cuantitativos de peces de arrecifes y datos de pesquerías locales del 2014. En la época de reproducción de pargos (mayo a julio) se observaron grupos de entre 40-100 ejemplares de Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutjanus synagris y Lutjanus jocu en los arrecifes de la zona occidental del PNCSF (camellones entre 15-30 m de profundidad cerca del borde de la plataforma). Dentro de esa área, se señalan dos sitios que parecen ser utilizados para agregaciones de predesove, por lo que requieren protección y ser estudiados. Los censos cuantitativos confirmaron que en mayo y junio la zona occidental tiene densidad alta de pargos adultos. También, el pico de captura de estas especies ocurrió en la época reproductiva. Se comprobó que las pesquerías se realizaron durante las migraciones de peces hacia el borde de la plataforma en áreas de la zona occidental del PNCSF, y que más del 60% de los individuos tuvieron gónadas maduras (antes de desovar). Esta información debe incentivar el estudio de las agregaciones de desove en esta región de Cuba, la protección de especies amenazadas y áreas de alta significación ecológica y la implementación de pesquerías sostenibles.
    Description: Fisheries based on reproductive aggregations can threaten species such as snappers that have gregarious behavior during the reproductive period. This note provides evidence to support the existence of aggregation sites, not previously registered and unprotected, in the National Park San Felipe Keys (NPSFK), southwestern region of Cuba. Traditionalinformation obtained from local fishermen and from the park staff was complemented with qualitative and quantitative fish reef censuses and local fisheries data in 2014. In the reproductive season of snappers (May to July) groups of between 40-100 specimens of Lutjanus cyanopterus, Lutja- nus synagris and Lutjanus jocu were observed in the western area of the NPSFK on the reefs (spoor and grove between 20-30 m deep close to the platform edge). Within that area two sites are indicated that can be used for prespawning aggregation, so they require protection and study. Quanti- tative censuses confirmed that in May and June the western zone has high density of adult snappers. Also, the peak of capture of these snapper species occurred in the reproduc- tive season. It was found that fisheries carried out during fish migrations to the edge of the shelf in areas of the western area of the NPSFK and more than 60% of the individuals had mature gonads (before spawning). This information should promote the study of spawning aggregations in this region of Cuba, the protection of threatened species and areas of high ecological significance and the implementation of sustainable fisheries.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Región suroccidental de Cuba ; Desove ; Pesquerías ; Migration routes ; Spawning ; Fisheries ; Rutas migraciones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.54-65
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  • 7
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    Workshop on ICES Reference Points (WKREF2) (2022)
    International Council for the Exploration of the Sea | Copenhagen, Denmark
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-14
    Description: The ICES Workshop on ICES reference points (WKREF2) was tasked review the WKREF1 report and based on the outcome develop updated guidelines for the ICES reference points system and recommendations for ACOM consideration. The WKREF1 report has suggested 5 key recom- mendations to simplify and harmonise the ICES reference points framework representing a ma- jor change to the current guidelines. At WKREF2, we detailed discussions and four key concerns were raised about the proposed approach. The first related to the simplification of rules to define Blim. Around two thirds of category 1 stocks would end up as WKREF1 “Blim Type 2” where Blim would be set as a fraction of B0. The Allee effect or “depensation” maybe more important than previously thought and should be furthered explored for ICES stocks since it has important consequences for Blim. A number of challenges and issues around defining Blim using the current guidelines were documented. Some suggestions on improvement criteria were discussed including using classifiers to define spas- modic stocks and using change point algorithms to address non-stationary productivity regimes. However, further work is need to make these approaches operational and there was no consen- sus that the WKREF1 Blim types should replace the current guidelines. WKREF1 recommended that the FMSY proxy should be based on a biological proxies and should be less than the deterministic FMSY. It was pointed out that the stochastic FMSY estimated in EqSim for example, is lower than the deterministic FMSY and that the current guidelines ensure that the FMSY should not pose a more than 5% risk to Blim. A large amount of work described in WD 1 was carried out to develop an MSE framework to consistency and robustness test a candidate refer- ence point system for North East Atlantic stocks. However, WKREF2 recommended that further work needs to be carried out to condition and test the simulation framework before the conclu- sions could be adopted by ICES and incorporated into the guidelines. A number of considerations for defining MSY related reference points were discussed including using model validation and prediction skill to ensure that ICES provide robust and credible ad- vice. There is evidence that density dependence (DD) is important in the majority of ICES stocks (68% in recruitment and 54% in growth). The correct prediction of the shape and strength of density-dependence in productivity is key to predicting future stock development and providing the best possible long-term fisheries management advice. A suggested approach to use surplus production models (SPMs) to account for DD in FMSY was suggested and discussed but there was no consensus on whether that approach was appropriate. There was consensus that the FECO approach as a means of adapting target fishing mortality to medium-term changes in productiv- ity should be included in the guidelines subject to a benchmark and ACOM approval. While WKREF1 and 2 focused mainly on Category 1 stocks ToR c) called for a “simplified and harmonised set of guidelines for estimating MSY and precautionary reference points applicable in the advice framework across various ICES stock categories.” Ideally the ICES assessment cat- egories should provide equivalent risk across all stocks. This issue was discussed but no recom- mendations emerged. There was no consensus a revised reference point framework was proposed at WKREF2. How- ever, it was agreed that it should be presented here for further discussion at ACOM and other fora. The key feature of the suggested approach is that the stock status evaluation is treated in- dependent of the Advice Rule (AR). The main feature of the system is that the biomass trigger is not linked to a stock status evaluation, it is linked to the expected biomass when fishing at the target fishing mortality, in contrast to the current ICES approach. It also entailed that FMSY would also become an upper limit of fishing mortality and that the advised fishing mortality would be set at or lower than that level. WKREF2 did not discuss what to do in situations where SSB〈 Blim or alternative forms of HCR for the advice rule. Building community understanding and con- sensus around simplified and harmonised guidelines has yet to be achieved. A further workshop WKREF3 will be required to achieve that aim. The report includes 6 recommendations for ACOM consideration.
    Description: ICES
    Description: The main objective of the workshop was to review the recommendations of WKREF1 and con- sider how these might feed into a new reference points framework and guidelines for ICES. There were a number of presentations on the wider issues of best practice for reference points, the Allee effect, density dependence and the WKIRISH approach. The starting point was to try and develop a set of simplified and harmonised guidelines based on the WKREF1 report rather than evolving the current guidelines to include the WKREF1 conclusions. A key aspect of the meeting was to allow for discussions in order to build a shared understanding of the strengths and weakness of the current framework and of the new framework emerging from WKREF1.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ICES ; Reference points ; Management advice ; Fisheries ; Fishery management reference points
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 103pp
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  • 8
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    The economic tradeoffs and ecological impacts associated with a potential mesopelagic fishery in the California Current (2022)
    Ecological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2022. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Dowd, S., Chapman, M., Koehn, L., & Hoagland, P. The economic tradeoffs and ecological impacts associated with a potential mesopelagic fishery in the California Current. Ecological Applications, 32(4), (2022): e2578, https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2578.
    Description: The ocean's mesopelagic zone (200–1000 m) remains one of the most understudied parts of the ocean despite knowledge that mesopelagic fishes are highly abundant. Apex predators from the surface waters are known to consume these fishes, constituting an important ecological interaction. Some countries have begun exploring the potential harvest of mesopelagic fishes to supply fishmeal and fish oil markets due to the high fish abundance in the mesopelagic zone compared with overfished surface waters. This study explored the economic and ecological implications of a moratorium on the harvest of mesopelagic fishes such as lanternfish off the US West Coast, one of the few areas where such resources are managed. We adapted a bioeconomic decision model to examine the tradeoffs between the values gained from a hypothetical mesopelagic fishery with the potential values lost from declines in predators of mesopelagic fishes facing a reduced prey resource. The economic rationale for a moratorium on harvesting mesopelagics was sensitive both to ecological relationships and the scale of the nonmarket values attributed to noncommercial predators. Using a California Current-based ecological simulation model, we found that most modeled predators of mesopelagic fishes increased in biomass even under high mesopelagic harvest rates, but the changes (either increases or decreases) were small, with relatively few predators responding with more than a 10% change in their biomass. While the ecological simulations implied that a commercial mesopelagic fishery might not have large biomass impacts for many species in the California Current system, there is still a need to further explore the various roles of the mesopelagic zone in the ocean.
    Description: Sally Dowd acknowledges sponsorship from the WHOI Summer Student Fellowship and the Rausser College of Natural Resources Honors Program at UC Berkeley. This project would not have been possible without the guidance provided by Kama Thieler and Carl Boettiger. Porter Hoagland acknowledges funding from the Audacious Project, a collaborative endeavor, housed at TED and the J. Seward Johnson Fund in support of the Marine Policy Center at WHOI.
    Keywords: Bioeconomic model ; Fisheries ; Mesopelagic fishes ; Moratorium ; Nonmarket value ; Predators ; Rpath ; Willingness-to-pay values
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 9
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    Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit (2021)
    Frontiers Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Kourantidou, M., Hoagland, P., Dale, A., & Bailey, M. Equitable allocations in northern fisheries: bridging the divide for Labrador Inuit. Frontiers in Marine Science, 8, (2021): 590213, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.590213.
    Description: Canada has undertaken commitments to recognize the rights of Indigenous Peoples in fisheries through policies and agreements, including Integrated Fishery Management Plans, the Reconciliation Strategy, and Land Claim Agreements (LCAs). In addition to recognizing rights, these commitments were intended to respect geographic adjacency principles, to enhance the economic viability of Indigenous communities, and to be reflective of community dependence on marine resources. We examined the determinants of quota allocations in commercial fisheries involving Nunatsiavut, Northern Labrador, the first self-governing region for the Inuit peoples in Canada. It has been argued that current fishery allocations for Nunatsiavut Inuit have not satisfied federal commitments to recognize Indigenous rights. Indicators that measure equity in commercial allocations for the turbot or Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) and northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) fisheries were identified and assessed. In these two cases, historical allocations continue to predominate for allocations based upon equity or other social or economic considerations. We illustrate equity-enhancing changes in the quota distribution under scenarios of different levels of inequality aversion, and we make qualitative assessments of the effects of these allocations to Nunatsiavut for socioeconomic welfare. This approach could benefit fisheries governance in Northern Labrador, where federal commitments to equity objectives continue to be endorsed but have not yet been integrated fully into quota allocations.
    Description: This research was undertaken with funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund through the Ocean Frontier Institute (MK and MB) and the Johnson Endowment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s (WHOI) Marine Policy Center (PH).
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Allocations ; Equity ; Indigenous rights ; Access
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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    The ocean twilight zone’s role in climate change (2022)
    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: Buesseler, K., Jin, D., Kourantidou, M., Levin, D., Ramakrishna, K., Renaud, P., Ausubel, J., Baltes, K., Gjerde, K., Holland, M., Kostel, K., LaCapra, V., Martin, A., Sosik, H., Thorrold, S., Tierney, T., Joyce, K., Renier, N., Taylor, E. (2022). The Ocean Twilight Zone’s Role in Climate Change. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 32 pp.
    Description: The ocean twilight zone (more formally known as the mesopelagic zone) plays a fundamental role in global climate. It is the mid-ocean region roughly 100 to 1000 meters below the surface, encompassing a half-mile deep belt of water that spans more than two-thirds of our planet. The top of the ocean twilight zone only receives 1% of incident sunlight and the bottom level is void of sunlight. Life in the ocean twilight zone helps to transport billions of metric tons (gigatonnes) of carbon annually from the upper ocean into the deep sea, due in part to processes known as the biological carbon pump. Once carbon moves below roughly 1000 meters depth in the ocean, it can remain out of the atmosphere for centuries to millennia. Without the benefits of the biological carbon pump, the atmospheric CO 2 concentration would increase by approximately 200 ppm 1 which would significantly amplify the negative effects of climate change that the world is currently trying to curtail and reverse. Unfortunately, existing scientific knowledge about this vast zone of the ocean, such as how chemical elements flow through its living systems and the physical environment, is extremely limited, jeopardizing the efforts to improve climate predictions and to inform fisheries management and ocean policy development.
    Description: Funding is: The Audacious Project housed at TED
    Keywords: Climate ; Mesopelagic ; Twilight Zone ; Fisheries ; Carbon Dioxide Removal ; Ocean ; Biological Carbon Pump ; Solubility Pump ; Carbon ; Marine Snow
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Other
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    Experiments on the induced spawning and larval rearing of the milkfish, Chanos chanos (Forsskal) in 1979 (2021)
    In:  aqdchief@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/18569 | 2002 | 2015-11-15 16:06:30 | 18569 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: This paper summarizes the results of the experiments on the induced breeding and larval rearing of milkfish (Chanos chanos) during the 1979 season. Milkfish larvae could be reared successfully without the use of trochophore larvae of oysters as feed during the first few days. In order to induce the ovulation of wild adult milkfish a higher dose of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is required.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chanos chanos ; ISEW ; Philippines ; marine environment ; Brood stocks ; Fish culture ; Fish larvae ; Food organisms ; Induced breeding ; Larval development ; Sex hormones
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 1 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20100 | 17342 | 2016-02-24 22:18:26 | 20100 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An outline is given of aquaculture and fisheries in Asia, providing information of use to students whose work can influence laws, rules, policy and regulations on aquaculture and fisheries, with the view in mind to sustainable aquaculture. In this issue, the following countries are examined: China, Indonesia, and Bangladesh.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Fishery management ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture regulations ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery industry ; Asia ; Bangladesh ; China
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries. Part 4 (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20067 | 2002 | 2016-03-04 15:16:24 | 20067 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Vietnam ; Sri Lanka ; Sri Lanka ; Vietnam ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Feed ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Fisheries ; Fishery data ; Food organisms ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Marine fisheries ; Mollusc culture ; Pond culture ; Seaweed culture ; Shrimp culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
    Format: application/pdf
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    Knowing Asian aquaculture and fisheries (2021)
    In:  library@seafdec.org.ph | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20055 | 2002 | 2016-03-03 11:33:32 | 20055 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Aquaculture Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Aquaculture ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Asia ; Cambodia ; India ; Myanmar ; Myanmar ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; marine environment ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture economics ; Aquaculture techniques ; Brackishwater aquaculture ; Catching methods ; Culture effects ; Environmental impact ; Fish culture ; Fisheries ; Fishery development ; Fishery resources ; Fishery statistics ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Marine aquaculture ; Shrimp culture ; Sustainability ; Trade
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26291 | 23782 | 2019-04-08 09:42:05 | 26291 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Indonesia ; Heavy metals ; Chemical pollution ; Pollution monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 10-19
    Format: 10
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  • 16
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26293 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:49:21 | 26293 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Heavy metals ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 38-46
    Format: 9
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  • 17
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    Round scad exploration by purse seine in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26259 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 05:56:06 | 26259 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Round scad exploration by purse seine in the waters of western Philippines was conducted from April 22 to May 7, 1998 for a period of five (5) fishing days with a total catch of 7.3 tons and an average of 1.5 tons per setting. Dominant species caught were Decapterus spp. having 70.09% of the total catch, followed by Selar spp. at 12.66% and Rastrelliger spp. 10.70%. Among the Decapterus spp. caught, D. macrosoma attained the highest total catch composition by species having 68.81% followed by D. kurroides and D.russelli with 0.31% and 1.14% respectively. The round scad fishery stock was composed mainly of juvenile fish (less than 13 cm) and Age group II (13 cm to 14 cm). Few large round scad at Age group IV and V (20 cm to 28 cm) stayed at the fishery. Other fishes caught were: Auxis rochei (0.85%), A. thazard (0.12%), Caranx spp. (0.45%), Emmilichthys nitidus (0.58%), Euthynnus affinis (0.42%), Leiognathus ruconius (0.58%), Loligo sp. (0.31%), Megalaspis cordyla (0.09%), Rastrelliger spp. (10.70%), Sardinella longiceps (0.03%), Scomberoides lysan (0.24%), Selar spp. (12.66%), Sphyraena spp. (0.90%), Thunnus albacares (0.96%) and others (1.02%). Tuna and tuna like fishes such as yellowfin tuna, eastern little tuna, bullet tuna, frigate tuna and oceanic squid are distributed in the upper latitudes of the survey area. On the other hand, round scads, big-eyed scads and Indian mackerels are dominantly present in the lower latitudes of the survey area.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Purse seining ; Age composition ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Carangid fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines ; Rastrelliger ; Decapterus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 49-64
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  • 18
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    Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Training Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Samut Prakarn, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26215 | 17342 | 2019-02-08 06:25:54 | 26215 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Training Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in this paper is the status of the fishery industry in Brunei Darussalam. Specifically, it discussed the following topics: fishery management strategies, zonation scheme, licencing, the use of poisons and explosives, the minimum cod-end mesh size for trawlers, closed areas, enhancement of fishing grounds, and the enforcement activities.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Fishery resources ; Fishery management ; Fisheries ; Ecological zonation ; Licensing ; Fish poisoning ; Catching methods ; Illegal fishing ; Explosive fishing ; Fishing gear ; Season regulations ; Fishing grounds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 34-40
    Format: 7
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  • 19
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26295 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 08:39:12 | 26295 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Thailand ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 53-58
    Format: 6
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  • 20
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    Regional survey of heavy metals in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26292 | 23782 | 2019-03-22 03:43:09 | 26292 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Cadmium ; Lead ; Mercury ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Seafood
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20-37
    Format: 18
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  • 21
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    Tuna resource exploration with longline in the South China Sea, Area III: Western Philippines (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26258 | 2002 | 2019-03-01 06:00:19 | 26258 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: An exploratory tuna longline fishing survey was conducted using the research and training vessels of the Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, the 1,178 GT MV SEAFDEC and the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, the 165 GT MV MAYA-MAYA in the South China Sea Waters, West of the Philippines from April to May, 1998. A total of 3,796 hooks was set in sixteen (16) fishing stations. There were no tuna caught during the entire survey but only minor and irrelevant species like the Pacific lancetfish, sharks and an opah species, Lampris guttatus. The important fishing and oceanographic factors during the survey and other research results on longline are described and analyzed. Additional longline studies within and near the Philippines territorial waters are also presented to substantiate the research results of the joint SEAFDEC/BFAR resource exploratory.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Exploratory fishing ; Catch composition ; Fishery surveys ; Longlining ; Tuna fisheries ; South China Sea ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 39-48
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  • 22
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26299 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 06:00:01 | 26299 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Malaysia ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Biochemical analysis ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71-74
    Format: 4
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  • 23
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26300 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:58:36 | 26300 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 75-83
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  • 24
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Indonesia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26307 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:35:56 | 26307 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Indonesia ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Quality control
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 116-123
    Format: 8
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  • 25
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    Regional survey of pesticide residues in fish and fish products: Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26303 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 05:51:15 | 26303 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Thailand ; Pesticides ; Biological sampling ; Fish ; Fishery products ; Dried products ; Lethal limits
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 100-105
    Format: 6
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  • 26
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    Regional survey of histamine in fish and fish products: Myanmar (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26309 | 23782 | 2019-03-27 03:49:31 | 26309 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Myanmar ; Histamines ; Biological sampling ; Biochemical analysis ; Fish ; Fishery products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 129-133
    Format: 5
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  • 27
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Determination of K value (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26826 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:56:12 | 26826 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the determination of K value which is an index to measure the enzymatic freshness of fish and squid. Specifically, reagents, apparatus and the analytical procedures needed and the calculations are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: B-6.1-B-6.7
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  • 28
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    Determination of chemical properties of meat: Freshness testing paper (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26825 | 23782 | 2019-11-21 00:52:35 | 26825 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in measuring K value in fish meat by means of the freshness testing paper technique.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 29
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    Determination of physical properties of meat: Measurement of pH (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26802 | 23782 | 2019-11-12 05:28:20 | 26802 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Presented in the paper is the standard procedure in the measurement of pH in the fresh fish meat. Specifically, the procedures in sampling and sample preparation, apparatus and reagents required, and the analytical procedures are presented.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Microbiological analysis ; Fishery products ; Processed fishery products ; Fish inspection ; Fishery industry ; Food additives ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; pH
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: A-3.1-A-3.2
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  • 30
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of starch (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26842 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:54:48 | 26842 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Starch is commonly used in the production of fish jelly products as an extender and as binding agent. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of starch in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the starch in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Starch ; Additives ; Food additives
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: D-4.1-D-4.4
    Format: 4
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  • 31
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    Red tides and paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26881 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:46:02 | 26881 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Monitoring and investigative work undertaken in the Philippines regarding dinoflagellate blooms are described. Chronological observations of the occurrence of red tides, aerial surveys, spatial distribution of the dinoflagellate and the physical environment are discussed. Fishing and the examination of gut content of fish and mussels and bioassay tests are detailed. Incidents of paralytic shellfish poisoning in the Philippines are considered briefly.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Environmental monitoring ; Red tides ; Public health ; Medicine ; Dangerous organisms ; Philippines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 52-79
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  • 32
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning phenomena in Thailand (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26885 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:23:34 | 26885 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A report is made of the first incidence occurring of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Thailand in May 1983, following an extensive bloom of Trichodesmium erythraeum. Investigations undertaken regarding the source of the toxicity are outlined.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Biological poisons ; Public health ; Red tides ; Shellfish ; Dangerous organisms ; Thailand
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 90-91
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  • 33
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    Red tide and paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26879 | 23782 | 2019-11-05 02:54:38 | 26879 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: A brief account is given of recent cases of paralytic shellfish poisoning in Sabah, Malaysia, and toxicological studies undertaken. Hydrography surveys, underwater observations after the occurrence of the red tides and plankton studies and monitoring of red tides are discussed.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Shellfish ; Toxicity tests ; Red tides ; Public health ; Dangerous organisms ; Malaysia
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 35-42
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio cholera (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26852 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:36:44 | 26852 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Cholera is an acute specific infection caused by the organism, Vibrio cholera. Diagnosis may be confirmed by the presence of large numbers of the comma-shaped bacilli on direct microscopic examination of a fecal or vomitus smear, and by the isolation of the organism on culture. Fish and shellfish have been identified as vehicles of cholera. Large numbers of V. cholera must usually be ingested to cause cholera. Thus problems often occur when poor handling and inadequate refrigeration have allowed the organism to multiply. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 35
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    Fisheries statistics in Brunei Darussalam (2021)
    Secretariat, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Bangkok, Thailand
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26890 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:01:29 | 26890 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Secretariat
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Fishery statistics in Brunei Darussalam have been collected by the Department of Fisheries since the 1940s. In the early 1980s, a number of statistics were collected, such as catch and effort data of artisanal fishermen, aquaculture statistics, processing statistics as well as data from major wet markets focusing on the amount, prices of marketed fish either from the local fishermen or imported. In 1984, the collection of statistics on commercial fishing was started. The statistics have been used in the formulation of fishery management and development policies as well as for sectoral development. Following a brief account of the responsibility and statistic collections of the Department of Fisheries, an examination is made of employment in the fishery sector, fisheries production, fish marketed and the GDP for the fishery industry. Fisheries in Brunei Darussalam is a very healthy industry, where production is well below the maximum allowable harvestable limit of 20,000 tons at 30%. The Department is embarking to increase production from the capture fishery to reduce the country's dependence on imported fish; the same applies for aquaculture, in order to complement production from the capture fisheries. The processing sector is also increasing in importance, especially with the increase in the number of capture fishery licenses, and the demand for quality and value-added products.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Marine fisheries ; Fishery statistics ; Aquaculture development ; Aquaculture statistics ; Fish catch statistics ; Marine aquaculture ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Fishery development ; Marine ; Brackish ; Freshwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
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    Analysis of additives: Determination of salt (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26843 | 23782 | 2019-11-15 07:52:55 | 26843 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Sodium chloride is an important additive for the production of fish jelly products. It extracts the salt soluble protein to give the gel strength of the final product. The paper provides the methodology in the determination of the amount of sodium chloride in fish jelly products. Instructions for sample preparation and the reagents needed are presented. Detailed procedures in the determination of the salt in a sample are provided.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Chemical analysis ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Additives ; Food additives ; Salts ; Sodium chloride
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 37
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    Microbiological procedure: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (2021)
    Marine Fisheries Research Department, Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center | Singapore
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/26851 | 23782 | 2019-11-14 01:29:31 | 26851 | Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center, Marine Fisheries Research Department
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-02
    Description: Food poisoning due to Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne infection resulting from the ingestion of a large number of this organism (about 106-109 viable cells). The major symptoms are diarrhea and abdominal pain with headache, fever, and vomiting also occurring. The organisms are excreted during the acute stage of the illness after which they decrease rapidly. The differentiation of V. parahaemolyticus from other pathogenic species of Vibrio is based mainly on salt tolerance, Voges-Proskauer reaction, fermentation of sucrose, and growth at 43°C. Presented in the paper is the methodology of determining the presence of Vibrio cholera in fish and fishery products.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Manuals ; Culture media ; Analysis ; Analytical techniques ; Methodology ; Fishery products ; Fishery industry ; Food technology ; Standards ; Specifications ; Aerobic bacteria ; Microbiological analysis ; Microorganisms ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Pathogens ; Health and safety ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Vibrio parahaemolyticus ; Vibrio cholerae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: E-8.1-E-8.6
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    Cancer. BRCA2 enters the fray (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-14
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, John H -- Elledge, Stephen J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 13;297(5588):1822-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12228708" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; BRCA1 Protein/metabolism ; BRCA2 Protein/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Female ; Genes, BRCA1 ; Genes, BRCA2 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Mice ; Ovarian Neoplasms/genetics ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Rad51 Recombinase ; Rats ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Protein A
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Meet the mosquitoes (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 4;298(5591):95.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12364781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aedes/physiology ; Animals ; Anopheles/physiology ; Culex/physiology ; *Culicidae/physiology ; Environment ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Insect Vectors/physiology ; Male ; Oviposition ; Reproduction ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Gene expression during the life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-09-28
    Description: Molecular genetic studies of Drosophila melanogaster have led to profound advances in understanding the regulation of development. Here we report gene expression patterns for nearly one-third of all Drosophila genes during a complete time course of development. Mutations that eliminate eye or germline tissue were used to further analyze tissue-specific gene expression programs. These studies define major characteristics of the transcriptional programs that underlie the life cycle, compare development in males and females, and show that large-scale gene expression data collected from whole animals can be used to identify genes expressed in particular tissues and organs or genes involved in specific biological and biochemical processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arbeitman, Michelle N -- Furlong, Eileen E M -- Imam, Farhad -- Johnson, Eric -- Null, Brian H -- Baker, Bruce S -- Krasnow, Mark A -- Scott, Matthew P -- Davis, Ronald W -- White, Kevin P -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Sep 27;297(5590):2270-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12351791" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cluster Analysis ; Drosophila Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila melanogaster/embryology/*genetics/*growth & development ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; *Genes, Insect ; Germ Cells/physiology ; Larva/genetics ; Life Cycle Stages/*genetics ; Male ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Organ Specificity ; Pupa/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sex Characteristics ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Genomic instability in mice lacking histone H2AX (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-06
    Description: Higher order chromatin structure presents a barrier to the recognition and repair of DNA damage. Double-strand breaks (DSBs) induce histone H2AX phosphorylation, which is associated with the recruitment of repair factors to damaged DNA. To help clarify the physiological role of H2AX, we targeted H2AX in mice. Although H2AX is not essential for irradiation-induced cell-cycle checkpoints, H2AX-/- mice were radiation sensitive, growth retarded, and immune deficient, and mutant males were infertile. These pleiotropic phenotypes were associated with chromosomal instability, repair defects, and impaired recruitment of Nbs1, 53bp1, and Brca1, but not Rad51, to irradiation-induced foci. Thus, H2AX is critical for facilitating the assembly of specific DNA-repair complexes on damaged DNA.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4721576/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Celeste, Arkady -- Petersen, Simone -- Romanienko, Peter J -- Fernandez-Capetillo, Oscar -- Chen, Hua Tang -- Sedelnikova, Olga A -- Reina-San-Martin, Bernardo -- Coppola, Vincenzo -- Meffre, Eric -- Difilippantonio, Michael J -- Redon, Christophe -- Pilch, Duane R -- Olaru, Alexandru -- Eckhaus, Michael -- Camerini-Otero, R Daniel -- Tessarollo, Lino -- Livak, Ferenc -- Manova, Katia -- Bonner, William M -- Nussenzweig, Michel C -- Nussenzweig, Andre -- Z99 CA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):922-7. Epub 2002 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11934988" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Aging ; Cell Cycle ; Cells, Cultured ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; DNA Damage ; *DNA Repair ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Histones/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Immunoglobulin Class Switching ; Infertility, Male/genetics/physiopathology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Meiosis ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phosphorylation ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Spermatocytes/physiology ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/physiology
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    Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis of infectious poliovirus. Experiments in tissue culture using neutralizing antibodies and CD155 receptor-specific antibodies and neurovirulence tests in CD155 transgenic mice confirmed that the synthetic virus had biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of poliovirus. Our results show that it is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical-biochemical means solely by following instructions from a written sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cello, Jeronimo -- Paul, Aniko V -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; DNA, Complementary/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Female ; *Genome, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliomyelitis/virology ; *Poliovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Viral/*chemical synthesis/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Primate origins meeting. New fossils and a glimpse of evolution (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Moffat, Anne Simon -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 25;295(5555):613-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11809953" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Color Perception ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; *Fossils ; Haplorhini ; Male ; Plant Leaves ; *Primates/anatomy & histology ; Skeleton
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  • 44
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    Enhanced and delayed stress-induced alcohol drinking in mice lacking functional CRH1 receptors (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: There is a relation between stress and alcohol drinking. We show that the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) system that mediates endocrine and behavioral responses to stress plays a role in the control of long-term alcohol drinking. In mice lacking a functional CRH1 receptor, stress leads to enhanced and progressively increasing alcohol intake. The effect of repeated stress on alcohol drinking behavior appeared with a delay and persisted throughout life. It was associated with an up-regulation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit NR2B. Alterations in the CRH1 receptor gene and adaptional changes in NR2B subunits may constitute a genetic risk factor for stress-induced alcohol drinking and alcoholism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sillaber, Inge -- Rammes, Gerhard -- Zimmermann, Stephan -- Mahal, Beatrice -- Zieglgansberger, Walter -- Wurst, Wolfgang -- Holsboer, Florian -- Spanagel, Rainer -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):931-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 2-10, 80804 Munich, Germany. sillaber@mpipsykl.mpg.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988580" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; *Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*etiology/genetics ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/physiology ; Ethanol/blood ; Female ; Hippocampus/physiology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Models, Animal ; Mutation ; Receptors, AMPA/metabolism ; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*genetics/*physiology ; Receptors, Kainic Acid/metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stress, Physiological/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology ; Up-Regulation
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Construction and analysis of a human-chimpanzee comparative clone map (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-01-05
    Description: The recently released human genome sequences provide us with reference data to conduct comparative genomic research on primates, which will be important to understand what genetic information makes us human. Here we present a first-generation human-chimpanzee comparative genome map and its initial analysis. The map was constructed through paired alignment of 77,461 chimpanzee bacterial artificial chromosome end sequences with publicly available human genome sequences. We detected candidate positions, including two clusters on human chromosome 21 that suggest large, nonrandom regions of difference between the two genomes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fujiyama, Asao -- Watanabe, Hidemi -- Toyoda, Atsushi -- Taylor, Todd D -- Itoh, Takehiko -- Tsai, Shih-Feng -- Park, Hong-Seog -- Yaspo, Marie-Laure -- Lehrach, Hans -- Chen, Zhu -- Fu, Gang -- Saitou, Naruya -- Osoegawa, Kazutoyo -- de Jong, Pieter J -- Suto, Yumiko -- Hattori, Masahira -- Sakaki, Yoshiyuki -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Jan 4;295(5552):131-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan. afujiyam@gsc.riken.go.jp〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11778049" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Contig Mapping ; Female ; Gene Library ; *Genome ; *Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; *Physical Chromosome Mapping ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sequence Tagged Sites ; X Chromosome/genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Disrupted timing of discontinuous but not continuous movements by cerebellar lesions (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-31
    Description: Patients with cerebellar damage are known to exhibit deficits in the temporal control of movements. We report that these deficits are restricted to discontinuous movements. Cerebellar patients exhibited no deficit in temporal variability when producing continuous, rhythmic movements. We hypothesize that the temporal properties of continuous movements are emergent and reflect the operation of other control parameters not associated with the cerebellum. In contrast, discontinuous movements require an explicit representation of the temporal goal, a function of the cerebellum. The requirement for explicit temporal representation provides a parsimonious account of cerebellar involvement in a range of tasks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spencer, Rebecca M C -- Zelaznik, Howard N -- Diedrichsen, Jorn -- Ivry, Richard B -- NS17778/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS30256/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS40813/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 30;300(5624):1437-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, 3210 Tolman Hall #1650, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. rspencer@socrates.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12775842" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cerebellar Diseases/*physiopathology ; Cerebellum/physiology/*physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Motor Activity ; Movement ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Spinocerebellar Degenerations/*physiopathology ; Time Factors
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    Infectious disease. Another disease blights families in Siberia's far north (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):644.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976425" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pedigree ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Spinocerebellar Ataxias/*epidemiology/*genetics ; *Trinucleotide Repeats
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    Pheromone reception. When in doubt, mice mate rather than hate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-02
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beckman, Mary -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 1;295(5556):782.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11823614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Cues ; Female ; Male ; Membrane Proteins/*genetics/*physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neurons/physiology ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Sex Characteristics ; *Sexual Behavior, Animal ; TRPC Cation Channels ; Vomeronasal Organ/*innervation/physiology
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    Stromal effects on mammary gland development and breast cancer (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-11
    Description: Breast cancer manifests itself in the mammary epithelium, yet there is a growing recognition that mammary stromal cells also play an important role in tumorigenesis. During its developmental cycle, the mammary gland displays many of the properties associated with breast cancer, and many of the stromal factors necessary for mammary development also promote or protect against breast cancer. Here we review our present knowledge of the specific factors and cell types that contribute to epithelial-stromal crosstalk during mammary development. To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, we must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2788989/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wiseman, Bryony S -- Werb, Zena -- CA57621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA057621-07/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 10;296(5570):1046-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, University of California, 513 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12004111" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipocytes/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Breast/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Breast Neoplasms/pathology/*physiopathology ; Cell Communication ; Epithelial Cells/physiology ; Extracellular Matrix/physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Mammary Glands, Animal/cytology/embryology/*growth & development/physiology ; Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology/*physiopathology ; Morphogenesis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pregnancy ; Signal Transduction ; Stromal Cells/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary discrimination of mammalian conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs) (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: Analysis of the human and mouse genomes identified an abundance of conserved non-genic sequences (CNGs). The significance and evolutionary depth of their conservation remain unanswered. We have quantified levels and patterns of conservation of 191 CNGs of human chromosome 21 in 14 mammalian species. We found that CNGs are significantly more conserved than protein-coding genes and noncoding RNAS (ncRNAs) within the mammalian class from primates to monotremes to marsupials. The pattern of substitutions in CNGs differed from that seen in protein-coding and ncRNA genes and resembled that of protein-binding regions. About 0.3% to 1% of the human genome corresponds to a previously unknown class of extremely constrained CNGs shared among mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dermitzakis, Emmanouil T -- Reymond, Alexandre -- Scamuffa, Nathalie -- Ucla, Catherine -- Kirkness, Ewen -- Rossier, Colette -- Antonarakis, Stylianos E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 7;302(5647):1033-5. Epub 2003 Oct 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Medical Genetics and National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) Frontiers in Genetics, University of Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Emmanouil.Dermitzakis@medecine.unige.ch〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526086" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21/*genetics ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; *Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Intergenic/*genetics ; Discriminant Analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Genetic Code ; Genome ; Humans ; Male ; Mammals/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Proteins/genetics ; RNA, Untranslated/genetics ; Selection, Genetic ; Sequence Alignment ; Species Specificity ; Time ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Mutations in dynein link motor neuron degeneration to defects in retrograde transport (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: Degenerative disorders of motor neurons include a range of progressive fatal diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Although the causative genetic alterations are known for some cases, the molecular basis of many SMA and SBMA-like syndromes and most ALS cases is unknown. Here we show that missense point mutations in the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain result in progressive motor neuron degeneration in heterozygous mice, and in homozygotes this is accompanied by the formation of Lewy-like inclusion bodies, thus resembling key features of human pathology. These mutations exclusively perturb neuron-specific functions of dynein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafezparast, Majid -- Klocke, Rainer -- Ruhrberg, Christiana -- Marquardt, Andreas -- Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina -- Bowen, Samantha -- Lalli, Giovanna -- Witherden, Abi S -- Hummerich, Holger -- Nicholson, Sharon -- Morgan, P Jeffrey -- Oozageer, Ravi -- Priestley, John V -- Averill, Sharon -- King, Von R -- Ball, Simon -- Peters, Jo -- Toda, Takashi -- Yamamoto, Ayumu -- Hiraoka, Yasushi -- Augustin, Martin -- Korthaus, Dirk -- Wattler, Sigrid -- Wabnitz, Philipp -- Dickneite, Carmen -- Lampel, Stefan -- Boehme, Florian -- Peraus, Gisela -- Popp, Andreas -- Rudelius, Martina -- Schlegel, Juergen -- Fuchs, Helmut -- Hrabe de Angelis, Martin -- Schiavo, Giampietro -- Shima, David T -- Russ, Andreas P -- Stumm, Gabriele -- Martin, Joanne E -- Fisher, Elizabeth M C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):808-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730604" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anterior Horn Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; *Axonal Transport ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Central Nervous System/embryology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Dimerization ; Dyneins/chemistry/*genetics/*physiology ; Female ; Ganglia, Spinal/pathology ; Golgi Apparatus/metabolism/ultrastructure ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Lewy Bodies/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C3H ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Motor Neuron Disease/*genetics/pathology/physiopathology ; Motor Neurons/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Peptide Fragments/metabolism ; Phenotype ; Point Mutation ; Spinal Nerves/growth & development ; Tetanus Toxin/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Generation of an LFA-1 antagonist by the transfer of the ICAM-1 immunoregulatory epitope to a small molecule (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: The protein-protein interaction between leukocyte functional antigen-1 (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is critical to lymphocyte and immune system function. Here, we report on the transfer of the contiguous, nonlinear epitope of ICAM-1, responsible for its association with LFA-1, to a small-molecule framework. These LFA-1 antagonists bound LFA-1, blocked binding of ICAM-1, and inhibited a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) with potency significantly greater than that of cyclosporine A. Furthermore, in comparison to an antibody to LFA-1, they exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. These results demonstrate the utility of small-molecule mimics of nonlinear protein epitopes and the protein epitopes themselves as leads in the identification of novel pharmaceutical agents.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gadek, T R -- Burdick, D J -- McDowell, R S -- Stanley, M S -- Marsters, J C Jr -- Paris, K J -- Oare, D A -- Reynolds, M E -- Ladner, C -- Zioncheck, K A -- Lee, W P -- Gribling, P -- Dennis, M S -- Skelton, N J -- Tumas, D B -- Clark, K R -- Keating, S M -- Beresini, M H -- Tilley, J W -- Presta, L G -- Bodary, S C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1086-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Genentech, One DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. trg@gene.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834839" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Cyclosporine/pharmacology ; Dermatitis, Irritant/drug therapy ; Dinitrofluorobenzene ; Drug Design ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Epitopes ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/immunology/pharmacology ; Immunosuppressive Agents/chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/chemistry/*immunology/*metabolism ; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1/immunology/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Mimicry ; Mutagenesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Thiophenes/*chemical synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; beta-Alanine/analogs & derivatives/*chemical ; synthesis/chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology
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    Infectious disease. Siberia's deadly stalker emerges from the shadows (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):642-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebrospinal Fluid/virology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex/epidemiology ; Encephalomyelitis/ethnology/*etiology/pathology/virology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Herpesviridae/immunology/isolation & purification ; Herpesviridae Infections/ethnology/pathology/virology ; Humans ; Male ; Population Surveillance ; Rural Health ; Siberia/epidemiology ; Virus Diseases/ethnology/pathology/virology
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    Adult-onset primary open-angle glaucoma caused by mutations in optineurin (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-02-09
    Description: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects 33 million individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of blindness. In a study of 54 families with autosomal dominantly inherited adult-onset POAG, we identified the causative gene on chromosome 10p14 and designated it OPTN (for "optineurin"). Sequence alterations in OPTN were found in 16.7% of families with hereditary POAG, including individuals with normal intraocular pressure. The OPTN gene codes for a conserved 66-kilodalton protein of unknown function that has been implicated in the tumor necrosis factor-alpha signaling pathway and that interacts with diverse proteins including Huntingtin, Ras-associated protein RAB8, and transcription factor IIIA. Optineurin is expressed in trabecular meshwork, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium, retina, and brain, and we speculate that it plays a neuroprotective role.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rezaie, Tayebeh -- Child, Anne -- Hitchings, Roger -- Brice, Glen -- Miller, Lauri -- Coca-Prados, Miguel -- Heon, Elise -- Krupin, Theodore -- Ritch, Robert -- Kreutzer, Donald -- Crick, R Pitts -- Sarfarazi, Mansoor -- EY-09947/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1077-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Ophthalmic Genetics Laboratory, Surgical Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11834836" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/metabolism ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 10/genetics ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Exons ; Eye Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*genetics ; Golgi Apparatus/chemistry ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Mutation ; *Mutation, Missense ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/analysis/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ocular Hypertension/genetics ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Retina/metabolism ; Trabecular Meshwork/metabolism ; *Transcription Factor TFIIIA ; Zinc Fingers
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    Inhibition of excess nodal signaling during mouse gastrulation by the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-10
    Description: The formation and patterning of mesoderm during mammalian gastrulation require the activity of Nodal, a secreted mesoderm-inducing factor of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family. Here we show that the transcriptional corepressor DRAP1 has a very specific role in regulation of Nodal activity during mouse embryogenesis. We find that loss of Drap1 leads to severe gastrulation defects that are consistent with increased expression of Nodal and can be partially suppressed by Nodal heterozygosity. Biochemical studies indicate that DRAP1 interacts with and inhibits DNA binding by the winged-helix transcription factor FoxH1 (FAST), a critical component of a positive feedback loop for Nodal activity. We propose that DRAP1 limits the spread of a morphogenetic signal by down-modulating the response to the Nodal autoregulatory loop.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iratni, Rabah -- Yan, Yu-Ting -- Chen, Canhe -- Ding, Jixiang -- Zhang, Yi -- Price, Sandy M -- Reinberg, Danny -- Shen, Michael M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 6;298(5600):1996-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry, Division of Nucleic Acids Enzymology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12471260" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; *Embryonic and Fetal Development ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; Gastrula/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Heterozygote ; In Situ Hybridization ; Left-Right Determination Factors ; Male ; Mesoderm/cytology/physiology ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Mutation ; Nodal Protein ; Phenotype ; Protein Binding ; RNA Interference ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Repressor Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
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    Parkinson's disease. Coincidence or connection? (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):451-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada/epidemiology ; Cluster Analysis ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects ; *Famous Persons ; Female ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Male ; Parkinson Disease/*epidemiology/etiology ; *Television ; Time Factors ; Virus Diseases/complications/epidemiology
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    Amphibian decline. Ubiquitous herbicide emasculates frogs (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Withgott, Jay -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 19;296(5567):447-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11964448" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atrazine/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Disorders of Sex Development/*chemically induced/pathology ; Female ; Gonads/*abnormalities ; Herbicides/administration & dosage/*toxicity ; Male ; Ovary/abnormalities ; Rana pipiens/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Testis/abnormalities ; Testosterone/metabolism ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/administration & dosage/toxicity ; Xenopus laevis/*abnormalities/anatomy & histology/physiology
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    Historical essay. Prospects for the future (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-12-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, Robert C -- Montagnier, Luc -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Nov 29;298(5599):1730-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Human Virology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12459577" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: AIDS Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use ; *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy/prevention & ; control/transmission/virology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomedical Research ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Developed Countries ; Developing Countries ; Drug Costs ; Female ; HIV/drug effects ; Health Services/economics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; International Cooperation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Research Support as Topic ; Technology Transfer ; United Nations
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Lupus: mysterious disease holds its secrets tight (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-04-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Marshall, Eliot -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Apr 26;296(5568):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11976440" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology/metabolism ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Autoantigens/immunology ; Chromosome Mapping ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Disease Susceptibility ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Immune System/physiopathology ; Immunotherapy ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*etiology/genetics/immunology/therapy ; Male ; Mental Processes ; *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Risk Factors ; snRNP Core Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Altered patterns of sleep and behavioral adaptability in NPAS2-deficient mice (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: Animal behavior is synchronized to the 24-hour light:dark (LD) cycle by regulatory programs that produce circadian fluctuations in gene expression throughout the body. In mammals, the transcription factor CLOCK controls circadian oscillation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain; its paralog, neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), performs a similar function in other forebrain sites. To investigate the role of NPAS2 in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythm, we studied locomotor activity, sleep patterns, and adaptability to both light- and restricted food-driven entrainment in NPAS2-deficient mice. Our results indicate that NPAS2 plays a substantive role in maintaining circadian behaviors in normal LD and feeding conditions and that NPAS2 is critical for adaptability to food restriction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dudley, Carol A -- Erbel-Sieler, Claudia -- Estill, Sandi Jo -- Reick, Martin -- Franken, Paul -- Pitts, SiNae -- McKnight, Steven L -- 37919/PHS HHS/ -- 4R37 MH59388/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- 5T3DK07328/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- HL 64148/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 18;301(5631):379-83. Epub 2003 Jul 3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9152, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Behavior, Animal ; Biological Clocks/*physiology ; Body Weight ; CLOCK Proteins ; Circadian Rhythm/*physiology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Darkness ; Eating ; Electroencephalography ; Electromyography ; Female ; Food ; Gene Targeting ; Light ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Motor Activity ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Prosencephalon/physiology ; *Sleep ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/physiology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
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    Psychology. Evolution of the social brain (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dunbar, Robin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Nov 14;302(5648):1160-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14615522" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Biological Evolution ; *Cognition ; Endorphins/physiology ; Female ; Grooming ; Hierarchy, Social ; Language ; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology ; Papio/physiology/*psychology ; *Reproduction ; *Social Behavior ; Social Dominance ; Social Support ; Vocalization, Animal
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    Rapid evolution of egg size in captive salmon (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: Captive breeding and release programs, widely used to supplement populations of declining species, minimize juvenile mortality to achieve rapid population growth. However, raising animals in benign environments may promote traits that are adaptive in captivity but maladaptive in nature. In chinook salmon, hatchery rearing relaxes natural selection favoring large eggs, allowing fecundity selection to drive exceptionally rapid evolution of small eggs. Trends toward small eggs are also evident in natural populations heavily supplemented by hatcheries, but not in minimally supplemented populations. Unintentional selection in captivity can lead to rapid changes in critical life-history traits that may reduce the success of supplementation or reintroduction programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Heath, Daniel D -- Heath, John W -- Bryden, Colleen A -- Johnson, Rachel M -- Fox, Charles W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1738-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada. dheath@uwindsor.ca〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637746" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Body Constitution ; Body Weight ; *Breeding ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Environment ; Female ; Fertility ; *Fisheries ; Ovum/*physiology ; Salmon/genetics/*physiology ; Selection, Genetic
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    Ecology. New count of old whales adds up to big debate (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lubick, Naomi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):451.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881542" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Mutation ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/genetics
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    Whales before whaling in the North Atlantic (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-26
    Description: It is well known that hunting dramatically reduced all baleen whale populations, yet reliable estimates of former whale abundances are elusive. Based on coalescent models for mitochondrial DNA sequence variation, the genetic diversity of North Atlantic whales suggests population sizes of approximately 240,000 humpback, 360,000 fin, and 265,000 minke whales. Estimates for fin and humpback whales are far greater than those previously calculated for prewhaling populations and 6 to 20 times higher than present-day population estimates. Such discrepancies suggest the need for a quantitative reevaluation of historical whale populations and a fundamental revision in our conception of the natural state of the oceans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Roman, Joe -- Palumbi, Stephen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 25;301(5632):508-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12881568" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Base Sequence ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Time Factors ; *Whales/classification/genetics
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    Arctic ecology. For precarious populations, pollutants present new perils (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webster, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 14;299(5613):1642.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12637710" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arctic Regions ; Canada ; *Ecosystem ; Environmental Exposure/*adverse effects ; Environmental Pollutants/*analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infection/epidemiology/etiology ; *Inuits ; Memory ; Risk Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
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    A heterozygote advantage (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hedrick, Philip W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):57.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14526061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ethnic Groups/*genetics ; Female ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; *Heterozygote ; Humans ; Kuru/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Papua New Guinea ; PrPC Proteins/*genetics ; *Selection, Genetic
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    Genetics and medicine. Putting gene arrays to the test (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Branca, Malorye -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 11;300(5617):238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690165" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Breast Neoplasms/*classification/*genetics/therapy ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; *Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Netherlands ; *Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Prognosis
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    Lamin a truncation in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉De Sandre-Giovannoli, Annachiara -- Bernard, Rafaelle -- Cau, Pierre -- Navarro, Claire -- Amiel, Jeanne -- Boccaccio, Irene -- Lyonnet, Stanislas -- Stewart, Colin L -- Munnich, Arnold -- Le Merrer, Martine -- Levy, Nicolas -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jun 27;300(5628):2055. Epub 2003 Apr 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inserm U491: Genetique Medicale et Developpement, Faculte de Medecine Timone, Marseille, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Child ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Lamin Type A/analysis/*chemistry/*genetics ; Lymphocytes/chemistry/ultrastructure ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Progeria/blood/*genetics ; RNA Splicing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Sequence Deletion ; Transcription, Genetic
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    Ecology. Freshwater eels are slip-sliding away (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-10-11
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, Richard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 10;302(5643):221-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14551417" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Eels/growth & development/physiology ; Fisheries ; Fresh Water ; Oceans and Seas ; Population Density ; Reproduction ; Seawater
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    Demography of dietary restriction and death in Drosophila (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: Dietary restriction (DR) increases life-span in organisms from yeast to mammals, presumably by slowing the accumulation of aging-related damage. Here we show that in Drosophila, DR extends life-span entirely by reducing the short-term risk of death. Two days after the application of DR at any age for the first time, previously fully fed flies are no more likely to die than flies of the same age that have been subjected to long-term DR. DR of mammals may also reduce short-term risk of death, and hence DR instigated at any age could generate a full reversal of mortality.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mair, William -- Goymer, Patrick -- Pletcher, Scott D -- Partridge, Linda -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 19;301(5640):1731-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University College London, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; *Caloric Restriction ; Demography ; *Diet ; Drosophila/*physiology ; Female ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality ; Reproduction ; Risk ; Temperature ; Time Factors
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    Low potential for climatic stress adaptation in a rainforest Drosophila species (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-07-05
    Description: The ability of sensitive rainforest species to evolve in response to climate change is largely unknown. We show that the Australian tropical rainforest fly Drosophila birchii exhibits clinal variation in desiccation resistance, but the most resistant population lacks the ability to evolve further resistance even after intense selection for over 30 generations. Parent-offspring comparisons indicate low heritable variation for this trait but high levels of genetic variation for morphology. D. birchii also exhibits abundant genetic variation at microsatellite loci. The low potential for resistance evolution highlights the importance of assessing evolutionary potential in targeted ecological traits and species from threatened habitats.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoffmann, A A -- Hallas, R J -- Dean, J A -- Schiffer, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jul 4;301(5629):100-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia. A.Hoffmann@latrobe.edu.au〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12843394" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Australia ; *Biological Evolution ; *Climate ; Crosses, Genetic ; Dehydration ; Drosophila/*genetics/*physiology ; Ecosystem ; Environment ; Female ; *Genetic Variation ; Geography ; Inbreeding ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Selection, Genetic ; Trees
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    Optical imaging of a tactile illusion in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-09-23
    Description: In the tactile funneling illusion, the simultaneous presentation of brief stimuli at multiple points on the skin produces a single focal sensation at the center of the stimulus pattern even when no physical stimulus occurs at that site. Consistent with the funneling percept, we show with optical imaging in area 3b of the primary somatosensory cortex (SI) that simultaneous stimulation of two fingertips produces a single focal cortical activation between the single fingertip activation regions. Thus, in contrast to traditional views of the body map, topographic representation in the SI reflects the perceived rather than the physical location of peripheral stimulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Li M -- Friedman, Robert M -- Roe, Anna W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Oct 31;302(5646):881-5. Epub 2003 Sep 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14500850" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Electrophysiology ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Illusions/*physiology ; Male ; Perception/*physiology ; Physical Stimulation ; Saimiri ; Somatosensory Cortex/*physiology ; Touch/*physiology
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    Ocean exploration. Deep-sea mountaineering (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-08-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malakoff, David -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Aug 22;301(5636):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12933987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Environment ; Fisheries ; *Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; *Marine Biology ; Pacific Ocean ; *Seawater
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    Ecology and evolution. Darwin's hummingbirds (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-26
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Altshuler, Douglas L -- Clark, Christopher James -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 25;300(5619):588-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91104, USA. doug@caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12714728" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Body Constitution ; Dominica ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Flowers/*anatomy & histology ; Heliconiaceae/*anatomy & histology ; Male ; Pigmentation ; Saint Lucia ; *Sex Characteristics
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    Genetics. Where do male genes live? (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-02-01
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schlotterer, Christian -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 31;299(5607):670-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Tierzucht und Genetik, Veterinarmedizinische Universitat Wien, 1210 Wien, Austria. christian.schloetterer@vu-wien.ac.at〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12560539" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anopheles/genetics ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes/*genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; *Gene Expression ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Genes, Insect ; Genes, Recessive ; Genetic Linkage ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Retroelements ; Sex Characteristics ; X Chromosome/*genetics ; Y Chromosome/genetics
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    Linkage disequilibrium and recombination in hominid mitochondrial DNA (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-01-05
    Description: The assumption that human mitochondrial DNA is inherited from one parent only and therefore does not recombine is questionable. Linkage disequilibrium in human and chimpanzee mitochondrial DNA declines as a function of the distance between sites. This pattern can be attributed to one mechanism only: recombination.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Awadalla, P -- Eyre-Walker, A -- Smith, J M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Dec 24;286(5449):2524-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 1JT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617471" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Fathers ; Female ; Hominidae/*genetics ; Humans ; *Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; NADH Dehydrogenase/genetics ; Pan troglodytes/*genetics ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; *Recombination, Genetic
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    Effects of environment on compensatory mutations to ameliorate costs of antibiotic resistance (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Most types of antibiotic resistance impose a biological cost on bacterial fitness. These costs can be compensated, usually without loss of resistance, by second-site mutations during the evolution of the resistant bacteria in an experimental host or in a laboratory medium. Different fitness-compensating mutations were selected depending on whether the bacteria evolved through serial passage in mice or in a laboratory medium. This difference in mutation spectra was caused by either a growth condition-specific formation or selection of the compensated mutants. These results suggest that bacterial evolution to reduce the costs of antibiotic resistance can take different trajectories within and outside a host.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bjorkman, J -- Nagaev, I -- Berg, O G -- Hughes, D -- Andersson, D I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1479-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Bacteriology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, S-171 82 Solna, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688795" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; *Antiporters ; Carrier Proteins/genetics ; Culture Media ; Drug Resistance, Microbial/*genetics ; Escherichia coli Proteins ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fusidic Acid/pharmacology ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; *Mutation ; Peptide Elongation Factor G/genetics ; Ribosomal Proteins/genetics ; Salmonella typhimurium/*drug effects/*genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; Selection, Genetic ; Serial Passage ; Streptomycin/pharmacology ; Suppression, Genetic
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    Prostaglandin D2 as a mediator of allergic asthma (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Allergic asthma is caused by the aberrant expansion in the lung of T helper cells that produce type 2 (TH2) cytokines and is characterized by infiltration of eosinophils and bronchial hyperreactivity. This disease is often triggered by mast cells activated by immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic challenge. Activated mast cells release various chemical mediators, including prostaglandin D2 (PGD2), whose role in allergic asthma has now been investigated by the generation of mice deficient in the PGD receptor (DP). Sensitization and aerosol challenge of the homozygous mutant (DP-/-) mice with ovalbumin (OVA) induced increases in the serum concentration of IgE similar to those in wild-type mice subjected to this model of asthma. However, the concentrations of TH2 cytokines and the extent of lymphocyte accumulation in the lung of OVA-challenged DP-/- mice were greatly reduced compared with those in wild-type animals. Moreover, DP-/- mice showed only marginal infiltration of eosinophils and failed to develop airway hyperreactivity. Thus, PGD2 functions as a mast cell-derived mediator to trigger asthmatic responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Matsuoka, T -- Hirata, M -- Tanaka, H -- Takahashi, Y -- Murata, T -- Kabashima, K -- Sugimoto, Y -- Kobayashi, T -- Ushikubi, F -- Aze, Y -- Eguchi, N -- Urade, Y -- Yoshida, N -- Kimura, K -- Mizoguchi, A -- Honda, Y -- Nagai, H -- Narumiya, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2013-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto University Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720327" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Asthma/immunology/metabolism/pathology/*physiopathology ; Bronchial Hyperreactivity ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology/immunology ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Targeting ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin E/blood ; Interferon-gamma/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Lung/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Lymphocytes/immunology ; Male ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mucus/secretion ; Ovalbumin/immunology ; Prostaglandin D2/metabolism/*physiology ; *Receptors, Immunologic ; Receptors, Prostaglandin/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Respiratory Mucosa/secretion
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    Evolution. The benefits of allocating sex (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: Organisms allocate resources to male and female offspring in a process called sex allocation. In a Perspective, Stuart West and colleagues discuss what sex allocation tells us about evolution by natural selection and how sex allocation can be applied to understanding the mating structure of parasitic protozoans.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉West, S A -- Herre, E A -- Sheldon, B C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):288-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK. stu.west@ed.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183376" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Female ; Inbreeding ; Insects/physiology ; Male ; Plasmodium/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; *Sex Characteristics ; *Sex Ratio ; Sexual Behavior, Animal
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    Dialog on depression (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persaud, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 May 12;288(5468):975.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10841715" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Canada/epidemiology ; Depression/*epidemiology/etiology ; Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology/etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male
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    Bicoid-independent formation of thoracic segments in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: The maternal determinant Bicoid (Bcd) represents the paradigm of a morphogen that provides positional information for pattern formation. However, as bicoid seems to be a recently acquired gene in flies, the question was raised as to how embryonic patterning is achieved in organisms with more ancestral modes of development. Because the phylogenetically conserved Hunchback (Hb) protein had previously been shown to act as a morphogen in abdominal patterning, we asked which functions of Bcd could be performed by Hb. By reestablishing a proposed ancient regulatory circuitry in which maternal Hb controls zygotic hunchback expression, we show that Hb is able to form thoracic segments in the absence of Bcd.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wimmer, E A -- Carleton, A -- Harjes, P -- Turner, T -- Desplan, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2476-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Lehrstuhl Genetik, Universitat Bayreuth, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741965" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Body Patterning ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila/*embryology/genetics ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Insect ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Insect Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Thorax/embryology ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*physiology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transgenes ; Zinc Fingers ; Zygote/physiology
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    Ecology. Food fight drives evolution (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: On page 441 of this issue, evolutionary biologists showcase the purple-throated carib hummingbird as a rare example of food supply--in this case, flower shape--spurring the evolution of a sexual dimorphism, or a feature that differs between males and females. On St. Lucia, an island in the West Indies, female caribs sport bills a third longer and twice as curved as those of their male counterparts--one of the most extreme bill differences between the sexes in any hummingbird species. In the paper, the researchers link these "whoppingly dimorphic bills" to the specific flowers the male and female caribs frequent.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brown, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 21;289(5478):369-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939937" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Beak/*anatomy & histology ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Male ; Plant Structures/anatomy & histology ; Saint Lucia ; *Sex Characteristics ; Zingiberales/*anatomy & histology
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    Has America's tide of violence receded for good? (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: Experts in the young field of violence epidemiology blame guns and crack cocaine for America's deadly crime surge in the early 1990s. Explaining the subsequent decline in violent crime rates has been more difficult, however. Some of the factors that seem to have helped squelch crime could be temporary, such as low unemployment rates. But others, including a growing intolerance for violence as a means of settling interpersonal disputes, seem to have become cultural norms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):582-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939973" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Legal ; Crack Cocaine ; Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Firearms ; Homicide/*statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Male ; Police ; Prisons ; Street Drugs ; United States ; Violence/*statistics & numerical data
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    Epitopes involved in antibody-mediated protection from Ebola virus (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-04
    Description: To determine the ability of antibodies to provide protection from Ebola viruses, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the Ebola glycoprotein were generated and evaluated for efficacy. We identified several protective mAbs directed toward five unique epitopes on Ebola glycoprotein. One of the epitopes is conserved among all Ebola viruses that are known to be pathogenic for humans. Some protective mAbs were also effective therapeutically when administered to mice 2 days after exposure to lethal Ebola virus. The identification of protective mAbs has important implications for developing vaccines and therapies for Ebola virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J A -- Hevey, M -- Bakken, R -- Guest, S -- Bray, M -- Schmaljohn, A L -- Hart, M K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 3;287(5458):1664-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Virology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1425 Porter Street, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD 21702-5011, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10698744" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/*immunology ; Antibody Affinity ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Binding, Competitive ; Complement System Proteins/immunology ; Ebolavirus/*immunology/physiology ; Epitopes/immunology ; Female ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/*prevention & control/therapy ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutralization Tests ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Viral Envelope Proteins/*immunology ; Viral Plaque Assay
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    5TH International Ancient DNA Conference. Divining diet and disease from DNA (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: Some 110 scientists from a range of disciplines gathered in the overcast British midlands for the 5th International Ancient DNA Conference, held here from 12 to 14 July. Among the attractions were new insights into the diets of early Americans gleaned from ancient human coprolites and intriguing reports of nuclear DNA and ancient viral sequences extracted from mammoth bones.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stokstad, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):530-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939960" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bone and Bones/virology ; DNA/*analysis/history ; DNA, Viral/analysis/*history ; Diet/*history ; Elephants/*genetics/virology ; Feces/*chemistry ; Female ; Fossils ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Male ; Texas
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    Increase of maximum life-span in Sweden, 1861-1999 (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-29
    Description: A fundamental question in aging research is whether humans and other species possess an immutable life-span limit. We examined the maximum age at death in Sweden, which rose from about 101 years during the 1860s to about 108 years during the 1990s. The pace of increase was 0.44 years per decade before 1969 but accelerated to 1. 11 years per decade after that date. More than 70 percent of the rise in the maximum age at death from 1861 to 1999 is attributable to reductions in death rates above age 70. The rest are due to increased numbers of survivors to old age (both larger birth cohorts and increased survivorship from infancy to age 70). The more rapid rise in the maximum age since 1969 is due to the faster pace of old-age mortality decline during recent decades.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilmoth, J R -- Deegan, L J -- Lundstrom, H -- Horiuchi, S -- K02-AG00778/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG11552/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01-AG14698/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 29;289(5488):2366-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Demography, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-2120, USA. jrw@demog.berkeley.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11009426" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Life Expectancy/trends ; Life Tables ; *Longevity ; Male ; Mortality/trends ; Probability ; Sweden
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    Reversal of antipsychotic-induced working memory deficits by short-term dopamine D1 receptor stimulation (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-17
    Description: Chronic blockade of dopamine D2 receptors, a common mechanism of action for antipsychotic drugs, down-regulates D1 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and, as shown here, produces severe impairments in working memory. These deficits were reversed in monkeys by short-term coadministration of a D1 agonist, ABT 431, and this improvement was sustained for more than a year after cessation of D1 treatment. These findings indicate that pharmacological modulation of the D1 signaling pathway can produce long-lasting changes in functional circuits underlying working memory. Resetting this pathway by brief exposure to the agonist may provide a valuable strategy for therapeutic intervention in schizophrenia and other dopamine dysfunctional states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Castner, S A -- Williams, G V -- Goldman-Rakic, P S -- P01DA10160/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P50MH44866/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 17;287(5460):2020-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Section of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10720329" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/*pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine Agonists/*pharmacology ; Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Haloperidol/*pharmacology ; Haplorhini ; Memory/*drug effects ; Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects/metabolism ; Psychomotor Performance/drug effects ; Pyridines/*pharmacology ; Receptors, Dopamine D1/agonists/*metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/*pharmacology ; Time Factors
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    Neuroimaging evidence for dissociable forms of repetition priming (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: Repetition priming has been characterized neurophysiologically as a decreased response following stimulus repetition. The present study used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate whether this repetition-related response is sensitive to stimulus familiarity. A right fusiform region exhibited an attenuated response to the repetition of familiar stimuli, both faces and symbols, but exhibited an enhanced response to the repetition of unfamiliar stimuli. Moreover, both repetition effects were modulated by lag between successive presentations. Further experiments replicated the interactions between repetition, familiarity, and lag and demonstrated the persistence of these effects over multiple repetitions. Priming-related responses are therefore not unitary but depend on the presence or absence of preexisting stimulus representations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Henson, R -- Shallice, T -- Dolan, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 18;287(5456):1269-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Wellcome Department of Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK. r.henson@ucl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10678834" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Face ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; *Pattern Recognition, Visual ; Regression Analysis ; Temporal Lobe/*physiology ; Time Factors
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    Regulation of cell fate decision of undifferentiated spermatogonia by GDNF (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-02-26
    Description: The molecular control of self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells has remained enigmatic. Transgenic loss-of-function and overexpression models now show that the dosage of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), produced by Sertoli cells, regulates cell fate decisions of undifferentiated spermatogonial cells that include the stem cells for spermatogenesis. Gene-targeted mice with one GDNF-null allele show depletion of stem cell reserves, whereas mice overexpressing GDNF show accumulation of undifferentiated spermatogonia. They are unable to respond properly to differentiation signals and undergo apoptosis upon retinoic acid treatment. Nonmetastatic testicular tumors are regularly formed in older GDNF-overexpressing mice. Thus, GDNF contributes to paracrine regulation of spermatogonial self-renewal and differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meng, X -- Lindahl, M -- Hyvonen, M E -- Parvinen, M -- de Rooij, D G -- Hess, M W -- Raatikainen-Ahokas, A -- Sainio, K -- Rauvala, H -- Lakso, M -- Pichel, J G -- Westphal, H -- Saarma, M -- Sariola, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Feb 25;287(5457):1489-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Research Programs of Developmental Biology, Molecular Neurobiology, Electron Microscopy Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, Viikki Biocenter, Finland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10688798" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis/drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects ; Cobalt/metabolism ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Receptors ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mitosis ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Sertoli Cells/cytology/physiology ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatogonia/*cytology/drug effects ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Testicular Neoplasms/pathology ; Testis/anatomy & histology ; Vitamin A/pharmacology
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    Learning-induced LTP in neocortex (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-20
    Description: The hypothesis that learning occurs through long-term potentiation (LTP)- and long-term depression (LTD)-like mechanisms is widely held but unproven. This hypothesis makes three assumptions: Synapses are modifiable, they modify with learning, and they strengthen through an LTP-like mechanism. We previously established the ability for synaptic modification and a synaptic strengthening with motor skill learning in horizontal connections of the rat motor cortex (MI). Here we investigated whether learning strengthened these connections through LTP. We demonstrated that synapses in the trained MI were near the ceiling of their modification range, compared with the untrained MI, but the range of synaptic modification was not affected by learning. In the trained MI, LTP was markedly reduced and LTD was enhanced. These results are consistent with the use of LTP to strengthen synapses during learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rioult-Pedotti, M S -- Friedman, D -- Donoghue, J P -- NS27164/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 20;290(5491):533-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA. mengia_rioult@brown.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11039938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Female ; Learning/*physiology ; Long-Term Potentiation/*physiology ; Models, Neurological ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; Motor Skills ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synapses/*physiology ; Synaptic Transmission
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    A niche maintaining germ line stem cells in the Drosophila ovary (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-13
    Description: Stromal cells are thought to generate specific regulatory microenviroments or "niches" that control stem cell behavior. Characterizing stem cell niches in vivo remains an important goal that has been difficult to achieve. The individual ovarioles of the Drosophila ovary each contain about two germ line stem cells that maintain oocyte production. Here we show that anterior ovariolar somatic cells comprising three cell types act as a germ line stem cell niche. Germ line stem cells lost by normal or induced differentiation are efficiently replaced, and the ability to repopulate the niche increases the functional lifetime of ovarioles in vivo. Our studies implicate one of the somatic cell types, the cap cells, as a key niche component.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xie, T -- Spradling, A C -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 13;290(5490):328-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Embryology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 115 West University Parkway, Baltimore, MD 21210, USA. tgx@stowers-institute.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11030649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cell Communication ; Cell Differentiation ; Drosophila/*cytology/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Intercellular Junctions/physiology ; Models, Biological ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*cytology/physiology ; Ovary/cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Stromal Cells/cytology/physiology ; Transgenes
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    Recovery and management options for spring/summer chinook salmon in the Columbia River basin (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-11-04
    Description: Construction of four dams on the lower Snake River (in northwestern United States) between 1961 and 1975 altered salmon spawning habitat, elevated smolt and adult migration mortality, and contributed to severe declines of Snake River salmon populations. By applying a matrix model to long-term population data, we found that (i) dam passage improvements have dramatically mitigated direct mortality associated with dams; (ii) even if main stem survival were elevated to 100%, Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) would probably continue to decline toward extinction; and (iii) modest reductions in first-year mortality or estuarine mortality would reverse current population declines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kareiva, P -- Marvier, M -- McClure, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 3;290(5493):977-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA 98112, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11062128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Female ; Fresh Water ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Models, Statistical ; Northwestern United States ; Population Dynamics ; *Salmon/growth & development/physiology ; Survival Rate
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    Insect population control using a dominant, repressible, lethal genetic system (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2000-03-31
    Description: A major modification to the sterile insect technique is described, in which transgenic insects homozygous for a dominant, repressible, female-specific lethal gene system are used. We demonstrate two methods that give the required genetic characteristics in an otherwise wild-type genetic background. The first system uses a sex-specific promoter or enhancer to drive the expression of a repressible transcription factor, which in turn controls the expression of a toxic gene product. The second system uses non-sex-specific expression of the repressible transcription factor to regulate a selectively lethal gene product. Both methods work efficiently in Drosophila melanogaster, and we expect these principles to be widely applicable to more economically important organisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thomas, D D -- Donnelly, C A -- Wood, R J -- Alphey, L S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2474-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, Wellcome Trust Centre for the Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10741964" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; Egg Proteins/genetics ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fat Body/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; *Genes, Dominant ; *Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Lethal ; Genes, ras ; Homozygote ; Male ; Models, Biological ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Tetracycline/pharmacology ; Trans-Activators/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics
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    South Africa's new enemy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Many South Africans long dreamed of the day when the oppressive apartheid system would end. That day has come, but now the country faces a new disaster: one of the world's worst HIV epidemics--and most confusing government responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cohen, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2168-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Government ; HIV Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy ; Public Policy ; *Research ; South Africa/epidemiology
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    Evolution. Parasites make scaredy-rats foolhardy (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-08-12
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jul 28;289(5479):525-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10939959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Biological Evolution ; *Fear ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Personality ; Rats ; Toxoplasma/*physiology ; Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology/*psychology ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral/parasitology/*psychology
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    Profile. For 'father' of abortion drug, vindication at last (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-02-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 6;290(5489):39.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11183145" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal/*history ; Aging/drug effects ; Dehydroepiandrosterone/history/pharmacology ; *Drug Approval ; Drug Industry ; Female ; France ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Mifepristone/*history ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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    Dissociating the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal and anterior cingulate cortex in cognitive control (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-06-10
    Description: Theories of the regulation of cognition suggest a system with two necessary components: one to implement control and another to monitor performance and signal when adjustments in control are needed. Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging and a task-switching version of the Stroop task were used to examine whether these components of cognitive control have distinct neural bases in the human brain. A double dissociation was found. During task preparation, the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Brodmann's area 9) was more active for color naming than for word reading, consistent with a role in the implementation of control. In contrast, the anterior cingulate cortex (Brodmann's areas 24 and 32) was more active when responding to incongruent stimuli, consistent with a role in performance monitoring.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, A W 3rd -- Cohen, J D -- Stenger, V A -- Carter, C S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 9;288(5472):1835-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10846167" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/*physiology ; Cognition/*physiology ; Color ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/*physiology ; Reading
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Epidemiology. Tracking the human fallout from 'mad cow disease' (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-19
    Description: A task force here has been studying cases of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD), an incurable malady of the brain and nervous system that has been linked to eating beef or other products from cattle infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy or "mad cow disease." The team's goal is to find out just how the patients got infected and how many of them there may ultimately be. The number of confirmed or probable vCJD cases in the United Kingdom is still relatively small--a total of 80 as Science went to press--and recent estimates of the number of potential cases are lower than was once feared. Yet the task force's own recent results show that the incidence of vCJD is rising, and researchers remain determined to try to solve the riddles posed by vCJD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 1;289(5484):1452-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10991726" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Cattle ; Cluster Analysis ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/*epidemiology/transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform/epidemiology/transmission ; Female ; *Food ; Great Britain/epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Meat ; Surveys and Questionnaires
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Molecular biology. Mothers setting boundaries (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-07-15
    Description: Certain genes are only expressed at one allele, a phenomenon called imprinting. Although it is well established that one allele of certain imprinted genes is silenced through methylation, this does not appear to be the case for all imprinted genes. In a thoughtful Perspective, Thorvaldsen and Bartolomei discuss new findings showing that insertion of insulator elements (boundary regions) between the promoter of a gene and its enhancer (a sequence that boosts gene expression) may be another way in which genes are silenced during imprinting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thorvaldsen, J L -- Bartolomei, M S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Jun 23;288(5474):2145-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thorvald@mail.med.upenn.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10896590" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dinucleoside Phosphates ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Fathers ; Female ; *Gene Silencing ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II/genetics ; Male ; Models, Genetic ; Mothers ; Muscle Proteins/genetics ; Ovum/metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; *RNA, Untranslated ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; *Repressor Proteins ; Spermatozoa/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; Zinc Fingers
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Genetic suppression of polyglutamine toxicity in Drosophila (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-03-10
    Description: A Drosophila model for Huntington's and other polyglutamine diseases was used to screen for genetic factors modifying the degeneration caused by expression of polyglutamine in the eye. Among 7000 P-element insertions, several suppressor strains were isolated, two of which led to the discovery of the suppressor genes described here. The predicted product of one, dHDJ1, is homologous to human heat shock protein 40/HDJ1. That of the second, dTPR2, is homologous to the human tetratricopeptide repeat protein 2. Each of these molecules contains a chaperone-related J domain. Their suppression of polyglutamine toxicity was verified in transgenic flies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kazemi-Esfarjani, P -- Benzer, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 10;287(5459):1837-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. parsa@its.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10710314" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Animals, Genetically Modified ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drosophila Proteins ; Drosophila melanogaster/anatomy & histology/embryology/*genetics/metabolism ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Eye/metabolism ; Eye Abnormalities ; Female ; Genes, Insect ; *Genes, Suppressor ; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins ; Heat-Shock Proteins/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Nerve Degeneration ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Peptides/genetics/*metabolism ; Phenotype ; Proteins/chemistry ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Retina/metabolism ; Suppression, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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