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  • 1
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    Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-07-13
    Description: Full-length poliovirus complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized by assembling oligonucleotides of plus and minus strand polarity. The synthetic poliovirus cDNA was transcribed by RNA polymerase into viral RNA, which translated and replicated in a cell-free extract, resulting in the de novo synthesis of infectious poliovirus. Experiments in tissue culture using neutralizing antibodies and CD155 receptor-specific antibodies and neurovirulence tests in CD155 transgenic mice confirmed that the synthetic virus had biochemical and pathogenic characteristics of poliovirus. Our results show that it is possible to synthesize an infectious agent by in vitro chemical-biochemical means solely by following instructions from a written sequence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cello, Jeronimo -- Paul, Aniko V -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Aug 9;297(5583):1016-8. Epub 2002 Jul 11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5222, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12114528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Capsid/metabolism ; Cell-Free System ; DNA, Complementary/*chemical synthesis/genetics ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics ; Female ; *Genome, Viral ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neutralization Tests ; Poliomyelitis/virology ; *Poliovirus/genetics/immunology/pathogenicity/physiology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA, Viral/*chemical synthesis/genetics/physiology ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Viral Plaque Assay ; Viral Proteins ; Virulence ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Eradicating polio: A balancing act (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-01-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Agol, Vadim -- Cello, Jeronimo -- Chumakov, Konstantin -- Ehrenfeld, Ellie -- Wimmer, Eckard -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 22;351(6271):348. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6271.348-b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉M. P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Moscow, 142782, Russia. A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119899, Russia. ; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. ; Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA. Konstantin.Chumakov@fda.hhs.gov. ; NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26798005" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Disease Eradication ; *Global Health ; Humans ; Poliomyelitis/*prevention & control ; *Poliovirus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naproxen disposition in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 27 (1984), S. 291-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: naproxen ; cirrhosis ; pharmacokinetics ; protein binding ; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Chronic liver disease is known to alter the absorption and disposition of many drugs. To assess the influence of chronic alcoholic liver disease on the disposition of naproxen, we administered the drug both as a single dose and to steady state to 10 individuals with alcoholic cirrhosis and to 10 healthy controls. Plasma and serum samples collected after naproxen dosing were assayed for both total and (following equilibrium dialysis) unbound drug concentration. Clearance calculated based on both total and unbound naproxen concentration revealed no change in total plasma clearance of the drug at steady state but a marked reduction of approximately 60% in clearance based on unbound drug. Naproxen volume of distribution changed only minimally. Because clearance based on unbound drug concentration at a given dosing rate determines the plasma or blood free drug concentration, this concentration may increase significantly in patients with alcoholic liver disease given usual doses of naproxen. Unbound drug concentration is thought to determine the pharmacologic effect of a drug. We therefore recommend that naproxen dosing be reduced by at least half in patients with chronic alcoholic liver disease. In the absence of data to the contrary, this recommendation can be extended to individuals with other forms of hepatic disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542162
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cimetidine disposition in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis during multiple dosing therapy (1983)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 25 (1983), S. 223-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cimetidine ; alcoholic cirrhosis ; multiple dosing ; pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The disposition of cimetidine after oral and intravenous administration during multiple dosing was studied in 11 patients with Laennec's cirrhosis. The average metabolic clearance of cimetidine in these patients was 151/h, similar to values reported for normal subjects. However, in 4 subjects with plasma prothrombin times above normal, the metabolic clearance was significantly decreased and ranged between 4.3 and 13.01/h. The renal clearance of cimetidine was proportional to the creatinine clearance in all subjects, regardless of the severity of the liver disease. The clearance of cimetidine in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis, therefore, appears to be predictabable from creatinine clearance and prothrombin time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543795
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  • 5
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    Naproxen disposition in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    Cimetidine disposition in patients with Laennec's cirrhosis during multiple dosing therapy (1983)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-6970
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-1041
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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