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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diet on fatty acid composition of body zones in larvae of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: a chemometric study (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1995), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the sea bass Dicentrachus labrax were fed four Artemia sp. diets for 28 d. Three were nauplii enriched with emulsions of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the fourth nauplii enriched with baker's yeast. At the end of the experimental period, the fatty acids of the bodies, heads and eyes of the larvae were analysed. A multivariate statistical method (discriminant analysis, DA) applied to the data revealed anatomical as well as dietary fatty acid pattern-discrimination. We propose here the use of discriminant analysis as a pattern-recognition method that will help to integrate the fatty acid information obtained in nutritional studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the effects of temperature, salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of nauplii of different strains of Artemia (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of temperature, salinity and oxygen tension on the rates of oxygen consumption of three different strains of Artemia nauplii have been studied. When acclimated to a salinity of 30‰, nauplii from each of the three strains were able to maintain approximately constant rates of oxygen consumption over a wide range of oxygen tension. The ability to maintain respiratory independence during hypoxia was reduced, however, with an increase in either temperature or salinity. Nauplii of two of the strains (parthenogenetic diploid and tetraploid) showed a progressive increase in the rate of oxygen consumption with increasing temperature up to 35°C. Nauplii of the bisexual strain appeared to be less tolerant of exposure to temperatures 〉30°C, since at higher temperatures their oxygen consumption declined slightly. The differences between the nauplii of the different strains in their physiological responses to changing environmental conditions appear to correlate well with their seasonal occurrence in the field.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349774
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the variations in lipid levels, lipid class composition and fatty acid composition in the first stages ofArtemia sp. (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 111 (1991), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lipid class composition and the fatty acid composition of total lipids of the cysts, newly hatched nauplii and 24-h-old metanauplii of a Spanish parthenogenetic diploid strain ofArtemia sp. were studied. Substantial differences in the total lipid level occurred among these stages, with a marked increase from the cyst to the nauplii being followed by a decrease in the metanaupliar stages. This variation affected the absolute levels (mg/g dry wt) of the total lipid classes and individual fatty acids, although the percent composition of the fatty acids in total lipid was essentially unchanged. An exception occurred during hatching in that the percentages of 16:0 and 16:1n-7 in total lipid decreased whereas that of 20: 5n-3 increased. The lipid classes showed higher variation than the fatty acids both in absolute and in relative terms, and in particular, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine decreased progressively from cysts to nauplii and metanauplii. The implications of these findings for the use ofArtemia sp. as a larval feed in aquaculture are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319419
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuation in the zooplankton community in two solar salt ponds, Aveiro, Portugal (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 4 (1995), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: density ; diversity ; fluctuation ; hypersaline ecosystems ; salt ponds ; zooplankton
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The zooplankton of two salt ponds at Aveiro was studied to evaluate its density and diversity. Samples were collected biweekly from the salt ponds Esmolas and Tanoeiras. Samples were first separated into Holoplankton (Copepoda, nauplii,Acartia, Ostracoda and Anostraca) and Meroplankton (Mollusca, Insecta, annelidan larvae and Ichthyoplankton). The Holoplankton was mainly composed of:Acartia tonsa, Acartia sp.,Eurytemora velox, Artemia sp., and harpacticoids and calanoids. In both salt ponds, species diversity was identical, but total zooplankton density was higher in the Tanoeiras salt pond, probably because its physical and chemical characteristics allowed the development of stable communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999116
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The invertebrate benthic community of two solar salt ponds in Aveiro, Portugal (1996)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 5 (1996), S. 281-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: benthic community ; density ; diversity ; salt ponds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract The invertebrate benthic community of two Aveiro salt pond systems was studied in order to evaluate its diversity, density and the influence of organic matter and salt production. Samples were collected monthly at Esmolas and Tanoeiras. Five groups of benthic organisms were found: Nemathelminthes, Annelida (Nereis diversicolor), Crustacea (Sphaeroma serratum andTanais cavolini), Insecta (Chironomidae), Bivalvia Mollusca (Cerastoderma edule, Spisula solida andMya arenaria) and Gasteropoda Mollusca (Hydrobia ulvae, Cingulla cingullus, Cingulla semistriata, Odostomia rissoides, Odostomia unidentata, Scrobicularia alba, Valvata cristata andPaludestrina acuta). The highest density of the benthic community was observed during the non-productive season in all but the crystallizing pond systems. In both salt ponds, salinity acted as limiting factor. The dominant group was Gasteropoda, although high densities of Bivalvia were recorded in some ponds. In the feeder pond and the channels, species diversity was highest in the Tanoeiras salt pond, probably because its physical and chemical characteristics allowed the development of stable communities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01995382
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogeography of the genusArtemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Spain (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 3 (1994), S. 175-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; biogeography ; hypersaline ecosystems ; Spanish populations ; adult morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This is an updated study on the biogeographic distribution of the populations of the genusArtemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Spain, with special focus on populations inhabiting salt lagoons and inland salterns. The populations recorded (40) belong to the bisexual speciesA. tunisiana and to the asexual groupA. parthenogenetica (diploid and tetraploid strains). They usually appear in three different hypersaline ecosystems: solar salterns and lagoons filled with sea water, solar salterns and lagoons containing brines of diluted mineral salts, and lagoons filled with athalassic (endorheic) brines. The brines in salinas are chemically characterized by high Cl− concentrations, especially in inland salinas, whose brine sources are geologically associated with evaporitic formations developed in the Triassic and Lower Liassic of eastern Spain. Brines in athalassic lagoons, geologically associated with Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods, show higher levels of sulfate (up to 40–50%) as well as Mg2+. From a geographical point of view, bisexual and diploid asexual populations are mainly found in coastal and inland salinas or lagoons below 40° N, while asexual tetraploid populations are found in inland salinas and athalassic lagoons above that latitude. These populations have been biologically characterized by the morphology of their adults through multivariate analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990493
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute Lethal Toxicity of the Organophosphorus Pesticide Chlorpyrifos to Different Species and Strains of Artemia (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 61 (1998), S. 778-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900828
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Toxicity and Bioconcentration of Chlorpyrifos in Aquatic Organisms: Artemia parthenogenetica(Crustacea), Gambusia affinis, and Aphanius iberus (Pisces) (2000)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 65 (2000), S. 623-630 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s0012800169
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of soya phosphatidylcholine in tuna orbital oil enrichment emulsions for Artemia (1997)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 5 (1997), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: Artemia enrichment ; DHA (22:6w-3) ; DHA:EPA (20:5w-3) ; PUFA ; Soya PC ; Tuna orbital oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Oil-seawater emulsions of 12%, 8%, 4% and 2% soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) in tuna orbital oil (TOO) (w:w) were tested with respect to their suitability as Artemia enrichment media. Levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) accumulated by feeding Artemia nauplii were measured after enrichment periods of 0, 14, 18 and 20 h, and the stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in the emulsions were also monitored throughout the enrichment process. Artemia enrichment efficiency in terms of %DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6w-3) and DHA:EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5w-3) ratios were similar for all four types of emulsions (10-12% and 1.7-1.8, respectively). However, 8% and 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions yielded nauplii with slightly higher mean lipid contents than the other two treatments (235-243 and 217-229 mg lipid g-1 dry body weight, respectively). Stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels within the emulsions in seawater, and of DHA and EPA levels in particular, correlated with soya PC concentration. In 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions, PUFA levels remained high after 20 h enrichment whilst those in the 2% and 4% soya PC emulsions showed a marked reduction by 18 h enrichment time. It is suggested that soya PC may protect PUFA levels in the emulsions in a dose-dependent manner, probably by acting as an antioxidant. No significant improvement in Artemia total lipid content or DHA:EPA ratio occurred when enrichment was continued for longer than 18 h. When using this enrichment system, it is preferable, therefore, to employ the 12% soya PC/TOO emulsion and to terminate the enrichment process at 18 h, thus preventing the risk of PUFA levels deteriorating in the emulsion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018353232431
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6w-3) on the DHA composition of lipid classes in sea bass larvae eyes (1997)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 5 (1997), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: DHA (22:6w-3) ; Eye lipids ; Larvae ; Sea bass ; (Dicentrarchus labrax)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6w-3) on the corresponding composition of lipid classes of the eyes of sea bass, Dicentraxrchus labrax, larvae was studied using Artemia nauplii enriched with different products: oil emulsions, liposomes, a dry microalga and baker's yeast. DHA was found to be a major constituent of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine of visual tissues. The different DHA dietary levels were markedly reflected in the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes of eyes, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship between DHA in the food and in visual tissue lipids of sea bass larvae. The possible implications of this dietary effect are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018301215592
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