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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lipids of some Caribbean and Red Sea corals: total lipid, wax esters, triglycerides and fatty acids (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 117 (1993), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The Caribbean reef-building corals Porites porites (Pallas) and Montastrea annularis (Ellis and Solander) and the Red Sea corals Pocillopora verrucosa (Ellis and Solander), Stylophora pistillata (Esper) and Goniastrea retiformis (Lamark) were analysed for total lipid, wax ester and triglyceride content, and fatty acid composition. M. annularis contained about 32% of dry weight as total lipid, whereas much lower values of between 11 and 17% were recorded for the other four species. It is concluded that there is greater variation in coral total lipid than hitherto thought. The total lipid contained a substantial proportion of wax ester (22 to 49%) and triglyceride (18 to 37%). The storage lipids (wax esters and triglycerides) accounted for between 6 and 20% of the dry weight and between 46 and 73% of the total lipid. Variation in lipid content between species could not be attributed to geographical location, but the low values for total lipid in Red Sea corals may in part be due to environmental factors as these samples were collected in winter. All corals analysed contained high levels of saturated fatty acids, the most abundant fatty acids being 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1n-9. Marked differences were observed in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content between species, with comparatively low levels of 10 and 11% of fatty acids being recorded in M. annularis and G. retiformis, respectively. The values for the other species ranged between 21 and 37%. Fatty acid composition may vary according to the proportions of fatty acids obtained from diet, algal photosynthesis and synthesis by the animal tissues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00346432
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of diet on fatty acid composition of body zones in larvae of the sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax: a chemometric study (1995)
    Springer
    Marine biology 124 (1995), S. 177-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the sea bass Dicentrachus labrax were fed four Artemia sp. diets for 28 d. Three were nauplii enriched with emulsions of polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the fourth nauplii enriched with baker's yeast. At the end of the experimental period, the fatty acids of the bodies, heads and eyes of the larvae were analysed. A multivariate statistical method (discriminant analysis, DA) applied to the data revealed anatomical as well as dietary fatty acid pattern-discrimination. We propose here the use of discriminant analysis as a pattern-recognition method that will help to integrate the fatty acid information obtained in nutritional studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00347121
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature on permeability and drinking rates of the metanauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia sp. (1993)
    Springer
    Marine biology 116 (1993), S. 247-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diffusional permeabilities and drinking rates of 24 h-old Artemia sp. metanauplii incubated at 20 °C were studied at five temperatures: 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 °C over a period of 6 h. Departures from the incubation temperature resulted in changes in both permeability and drinking rates which both reached their highest values at 35 °C. Metanaupliar permeability and drinking were more elevated than previously reported for adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00350014
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the variations in lipid levels, lipid class composition and fatty acid composition in the first stages ofArtemia sp. (1991)
    Springer
    Marine biology 111 (1991), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lipid class composition and the fatty acid composition of total lipids of the cysts, newly hatched nauplii and 24-h-old metanauplii of a Spanish parthenogenetic diploid strain ofArtemia sp. were studied. Substantial differences in the total lipid level occurred among these stages, with a marked increase from the cyst to the nauplii being followed by a decrease in the metanaupliar stages. This variation affected the absolute levels (mg/g dry wt) of the total lipid classes and individual fatty acids, although the percent composition of the fatty acids in total lipid was essentially unchanged. An exception occurred during hatching in that the percentages of 16:0 and 16:1n-7 in total lipid decreased whereas that of 20: 5n-3 increased. The lipid classes showed higher variation than the fatty acids both in absolute and in relative terms, and in particular, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine decreased progressively from cysts to nauplii and metanauplii. The implications of these findings for the use ofArtemia sp. as a larval feed in aquaculture are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319419
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of two Avtemia diets with different contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the lipid composition of larvae of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 43 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Atlantic herring larvae (Clupea harengus) were fed two enriched Artemia diets with different contents of (n-3) highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA), one containing low levels of 20: 5(n-3) and no 22: 6(n-3), the other containing substantial levels of both 20: 5(n-3) and 22: 6(n-3). After 30 days of culture, fatty acid compositions of lipid classes in the heads, bodies and eyes of the larvae were analysed. Fish fed Artemia with the low (n-3) HUFA diet lacking 22: 6(n-3) had lower amounts of total (n-3)HUFA and, in particular, of 22:6(n-3) in individual phospholipids and total neutral lipids of heads, bodies and eyes as compared to fish fed Artemia with high levels of (n-3)HUFA. The amount of 22: 6(n-3) in the fatty acids of phosphatidyl-ethanolamine of eyes was particularly susceptible to dietary depletion. The implications of these findings are discussed, particularly in relation to dietary requirements for 22: 6(n-3) during development of neural tissue in predatory fish iarvae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1993.tb00435.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deficit of didocosahexaenoyl phospholipid in the eyes of larval sea bass fed an essential fatty acid deficient diet (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 49 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Larval sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax of 27 days old were reared on Artemia enriched with Super Selco©, Tuna Orbital Oil or Yeast. The first diet is commonly used in mariculture for larval rearing, the second diet was designed to deliver an optimal docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3) to eicosapentaenoic acid (20: 5n-3) ratio, and the third diet was deficient in docosahexaenoic acid (22: 6n-3). The eyes of these larvae were analysed after 28 days and the molecular species of the three main phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) determined. Eyes from larvae fed Artemia enriched with yeast showed large decreases in molecular species containing 22: 6n-3 compared to those supplemented with tuna orbital oil, most notably in 16: 0/22: 6n-3 PC which fell from 10.6 to 0.4%, in 22: 6n-3/22: 6n-3 and 18: 1/22: 6n-3 PE which fell from 29.6 to 0.3% and from 10.8 to 1.1% respectively, and in 22: 6n-3/22: 6n-3 PS which fell from 34.3 to 1.7%. Molecular species containing all other fatty acids, and especially 20: 5n-3, were elevated in eyes from the yeast-supplemented fish. In larvae fed Artemia enriched with Super Selco, amounts of eye 22: 6n-3/22: 6n-3 phospholipid were slightly lower in all three phospholipid classes compared to eyes from the tuna orbital oil-supplemented larvae. There was also a trend of decreased saturated fatty acid/22: 6n-3 and monounsaturated fatty acid/22: 6n-3 molecular species in all classes from the Super Selco-supplemented fish, the deficits being made up with molecular species containing 20: 5n-3 and 22: 5n-3. These results are discussed in relation to larval viability with particular respect to visual function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1996.tb00091.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of maturation and spermiation in the male European eel: assessment of sperm quality throughout treatment (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 57 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weekly injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; 1·5 IU g−1W) induced spermiation in 87–100% farmed male European eels Anguilla anguilla over a 10-week period, producing 3 ml (100 g)−1 milt volume, at 1˙4×109 spermatozoa ml−1 sperm mobility peaked in ninth week of treatment with 97% of males with motile sperm. Gonadotropin-treated males showed earlier but similar morphological changes to control males. Whereas higher sperm density was obtained 6 h after hCG administration, higher percentage of motile cells and longer sperm mobility were observed 24 h after the treatment indicating that this is the optimum time to obtain good sperm after the hormonal induction. Several monounsaturated fatty acids in sperm increased significantly from week 5 to 9 of treatment (when highest volume, density and mobility of milt were recorded), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were significantly reduced. Fatty acid levels returned to initial values after 13 weeks of treatment. These results are in agreement with the reduction of n-3 PUFAs recently observed in the ovary of female Japanese eel during artificial maturation, and an attempt is made to suggest a physiological explanation of its possible relation with sperm quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb02227.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural differences in starving herring Clupea harengus L. larvae correlate with body levels of essential fatty acids (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 41 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Twenty days after hatching, a single stock of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.) larvae, cultured in the presence of rotifers and Artemia nauplii but showing little or no active feeding behaviour, displayed clear signs of starvation. Three groups of fish were distinguished: group I was generally pinhead-shaped, tended to swim with a spinning motion and floated vertically; group 2 lay moribund on the bottom of the tank; group 3 showed normal, active swimming behaviour. Fatty acids of total lipid extracted from groups 1 and 2 differed from group 3 in having markedly reduced percentages of 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, 20:1 and 22:1. We conclude that individuals within a single stock of cultured herring larvae respond differently to starvation and that this generates well defined behavioural differences which correlate with levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in body lipid. The implications of these observations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1992.tb02678.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biogeography of the genusArtemia (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Spain (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 3 (1994), S. 175-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; biogeography ; hypersaline ecosystems ; Spanish populations ; adult morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract This is an updated study on the biogeographic distribution of the populations of the genusArtemia (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) in Spain, with special focus on populations inhabiting salt lagoons and inland salterns. The populations recorded (40) belong to the bisexual speciesA. tunisiana and to the asexual groupA. parthenogenetica (diploid and tetraploid strains). They usually appear in three different hypersaline ecosystems: solar salterns and lagoons filled with sea water, solar salterns and lagoons containing brines of diluted mineral salts, and lagoons filled with athalassic (endorheic) brines. The brines in salinas are chemically characterized by high Cl− concentrations, especially in inland salinas, whose brine sources are geologically associated with evaporitic formations developed in the Triassic and Lower Liassic of eastern Spain. Brines in athalassic lagoons, geologically associated with Mesozoic and Cenozoic periods, show higher levels of sulfate (up to 40–50%) as well as Mg2+. From a geographical point of view, bisexual and diploid asexual populations are mainly found in coastal and inland salinas or lagoons below 40° N, while asexual tetraploid populations are found in inland salinas and athalassic lagoons above that latitude. These populations have been biologically characterized by the morphology of their adults through multivariate analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01990493
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute Lethal Toxicity of the Organophosphorus Pesticide Chlorpyrifos to Different Species and Strains of Artemia (1998)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 61 (1998), S. 778-785 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900828
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