Abstract
The lipid class composition and the fatty acid composition of total lipids of the cysts, newly hatched nauplii and 24-h-old metanauplii of a Spanish parthenogenetic diploid strain ofArtemia sp. were studied. Substantial differences in the total lipid level occurred among these stages, with a marked increase from the cyst to the nauplii being followed by a decrease in the metanaupliar stages. This variation affected the absolute levels (mg/g dry wt) of the total lipid classes and individual fatty acids, although the percent composition of the fatty acids in total lipid was essentially unchanged. An exception occurred during hatching in that the percentages of 16:0 and 16:1n-7 in total lipid decreased whereas that of 20: 5n-3 increased. The lipid classes showed higher variation than the fatty acids both in absolute and in relative terms, and in particular, the ratio of phosphatidylcholine:phosphatidylethanolamine decreased progressively from cysts to nauplii and metanauplii. The implications of these findings for the use ofArtemia sp. as a larval feed in aquaculture are considered.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature cited
Amat, F. (1985). Utilización deArtemia en acuicultura. Infmes téc. Inst. Invest pesq. 128–129: 1–59
Benijts, F., Vanvoorden, E., Sorgeloos, P. (1975). Changes in the biochemical composition of the early larval stages of the brine shrimpArtemia salina. Proc. 10th Eur. mar. Biol. Symp. 1: 1–9 [Persoone, G., Jaspers, E. (eds.) Universa Press, Wetteren, Belgium]
Bruggeman, E., Baeza-Mesa, M., Bossuyt, E., Sorgeloos, P. (1979). Improvements in the decapsulation ofArtemia cysts. In: Styczynska-Jurewicz, E., Backiel, T., Jaspers, E., Persoone, G. (eds). Cultivation of fish fry and its live food. Spec. Publs eur. Maricult. Soc. 4: 309–316
Christie, W. W. (1982). Lipid analysis. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Claus, C., Benijts, F., Vandeputte, G., Gardner, W. (1979). The biochemical composition of the larvae of two strains ofArtemia salina (L.) reared on two different algal foods. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 36: 171–183
Clegg, J. S., Conte, F. P. (1980). A review of the cellular and developmental biology ofArtemia. In: Persoone, G., Sorgeloos, P., Roels, O., Jaspers, E. (eds.) The brine shrimpArtemia. Physiology, biochemistry, molecular biology. Universa Press, Wetteren, p. 11–54
Dendrinos, P., Thorpe, J. P. (1987). Experiments on the artificial regulation of the amino acid and fatty acid contents of food organisms to meet the assessed nutritional requirements of larval, post-larval and juvenile Dover sole (Solea solea (L.)). Aquaculture, Amsterdam 61: 121–154
Dutrieu, J. (1960). Observations biochimiques et physiologiques, sur le développement d'Artemia salina Leach. Archs Zool. exp. gén. 99: 1–134
Folch, J., Lees, N., Sloane-Stanley, G. H. (1957). A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. biol. Chem. 226: 497–509
Hentschel, E. (1968). Die postembryonalen Entwicklungsstadien vonArtemia salina Leach bei verschiedenen Temperaturen (Anostraca, Crustacea). Zool. Anz. 180: 372–384
Hontoria, F., Navarro, J. C., Varo, I., Amat, F. (1989). Utilization ofArtemia cysts in marine larval cultures: a model of quality evaluation. Aquacult. Engr 8: 127–138
Katavic, I., Tudor, M., Komljenovic, J., Ruzic, N. (1985). Changes in the biochemical composition ofArtemia salina (L.) in relation to different feeding conditions. Acta adriat. 26: 123–134
Kinne, O. (1977). Cultivation of animals. 5.1. Research cultivation. In: Kinne, O (ed.) Marine ecology. Cultivation. Part 2. Wiley Interscience, New York, p. 747–761
Landau, M., Eifert, R. T. (1985). The suitability of two strains ofArtemia (Phyllopoda, Anostraca) as food for developingPenaeus vanamei Boone (Decapoda, Natantia). Crustaceana 48: 106–110
Leger, P., Bengtson, D. A., Simpson, K. L., Sorgeloos, P. (1986). The use and nutritional value ofArtemia as a food source. Oceanogr. mar. Biol. A. Rev. 24: 521–623
Nakanishi, Y. H., Iwasaki, T., Okigaki, T., Kato, H. (1962). Cytological studies ofArtemia salina. I. Embryonic development without cell multiplication after the blastula stage in encysted dry eggs. Annotnes zool. jap. 35: 223–228
Navarro, J. C. (1985). Aportaciones al conocimiento del valor nutritivo de nauplios deArtemia de diferentes cepas como alimento para larvas de peces y crustáceos. Tesis de Licenciatura. Universidad de Valencia
Navarro, J. C. (1990). Caracterización de las cepas españolas deArtemia desde el punto de vista de su valor nutritivo y de sus fenotipos electroforéticos. Implicaciones prácticas en Acuicultura. Tesis doctoral, Universidad de Valencia
Olsen, R. E., Henderson, R. J. (1989). The rapid analysis of neutral and polar marine lipids using double-development HPTLC and scanning densitometry. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 129: 189–197
Schauer, P. S., Johns, D. M., Olney, C. E., Simpson, K. L. (1980). Lipid level, energy content and fatty acid composition of the cysts and newly hatched nauplii from five geographical strains ofArtemia. In: Persoone, G., Sorgeloos, P., Roels, O., Jaspers, E. (eds.) The brine shrimpArtemia. Ecology, culturing, use in aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren, p. 365–374
Sokal, R. R., Rholf, F. J. (1981). Biometry. The principles and practice of statistics in biological research. 2nd ed. W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco
Sorgeloos, P., Bossuyt, E., Lavina, E., Baeza-Mesa, M., Persoone, G. (1977). Decapsulation ofArtemia cysts: a simple technique for the improvement of the use of brine shrimp in aquaculture. Aquaculture, Amsterdam 12: 311–316
Vanhaecke, P., Sorgeloos, P. (1980). International study onArtemia. IV. The biometrics ofArtemia strains from different geographical origin. In: Persoone, G., Sorgeloos, P., Roels, O., Jaspers, E. (eds.) The brine shrimpArtemia. Ecology, culturing, use in aquaculture. Universa Press, Wetteren, p. 394–405
Vanhaecke, P., Sorgeloos, P. (1982). International study onArtemia. XVII. The hatching rate ofArtemia cysts — a comparative study. Aquacult. Engr 1: 263–273
Watanabe, T., Oowa, F., Kitajima, C., Fujita, S. (1978). Nutritional quality of brine shrimp,Artemia salina, as a living feed from the viewpoint of essential fatty acids for fish. Bull. Jap. Soc. scient. Fish. 44: 1115–1121
Zar, J. H. (1984). Biostatistical analysis. 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by J. Mauchline, Oban
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Navarro, J.C., Amat, F. & Sargent, J.R. A study of the variations in lipid levels, lipid class composition and fatty acid composition in the first stages ofArtemia sp.. Mar. Biol. 111, 461–465 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319419
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01319419