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  • Engineering  (5,285)
  • Industrial Chemistry
  • 1995-1999  (4,762)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 74-74 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 77-94 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A two-dimensional lossy shunt TLM node is incorporated into a TLM system and adapted to model for the first time the Maxwell field equations in thin semiconductor samples. Both the characteristics of the node and the TLM system itself are fully described. By considering a parallel-plate structure containing a thin GaAs sample, driven by a voltage source, it is shown, with an example, that this TLM technique can simulate the response of non-stationary electromagnetic fields in a semiconductor to applied excitations.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 149-149 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 315-330 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Transmission-line laser models (TLLMs) are time-domain models suitable for the simulation of complex phenomena in semiconductor lasers. TLLMs include time-domain filters based on transmission-line stubs to model the spectral dependence of the material gain. In this paper, numerical simulations are presented which show that the accuracy of these gain models is dependent on the model's iteration timestep. Analytical formulae are derived that relate the accuracy of the filters to the timestep, filter centre frequency, and filter bandwindth. A new wideband stub filter which allows the material gain to be modelled using a larger timestep is presented. This is equivalent to a digital infinite-impulse-response filter, which is more computationally efficient than finite-impulse-response filters, and is unconditionally stable. The new gain model can improve the computational speed for simulating for multimode Fabry-Perot lasers by a factor of 10-100.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 383-383 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 221-232 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a parallel three-dimensional finite difference time-domain (FDTD) code for electromagnetic field simulation that has been developed for the Connection Machine (CM-2). The CM-2 is briefly discussed. Then the FDTD method is reviewed using a one-dimensional example, and the extensions required for the 3-D case are outlined. The parallelization of the FDTD method is considered, and a simple analytical timing model is dervied. This model predicts the efficiency of the parallelized algorithm as a function of grain size. Some specific points relating to the implementation of the parallel FDTD algorithm in Fortrans-90 on the CM-2 are discussed. Timing data for the parallel 3-D FDTD code measured on a CM-2 is presented and compared qualitatively with the theoretical model. These results are then put into perspective for a particular computations electromagnetics problem, viz. the development of software tools for full-wave modelling of 3-D optical devices. Finally, we draw some conclusions about this work.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 131-131 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the electrode separation method for the boundary condition of a-Si TFT mixed-level simulation. The Poisson equation and the continuity equation are formulated into equivalent circuits. So, a circuit simulator can be used to handle the two-dimensional numerical simulation of a-Si TFT. The boundary condition problem between a semiconductor and an external circuit is solved by the electrode separation method. An electrode is separated into two nodes to fit Kirchhoff's current law and the semiconductor equations, respectively. A simple a-Si TFT/LCD circuit is taken as an example for the electrode separation method. For mixed-level simulation this technique is very useful. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 133-151 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Most traditional theories of speech production are currently based on plane waves. However, it is well known that, for acoustic waveguides, higher acoustical modes start to propagate and can become predominant above cut-on frequencies. This paper thus presents the transmission line matrix method, a numerical method initially designed for electromagnetic waves, and its adaptation to acoustic waveguides. The method, and in particular the representation of boundary conditions, is validated by comparison with known analytical theories. It is then used to show the dramatic effect of higher order modes upon the radiation characteristics of uniform ducts, as well as the importance of source location. Finally, first applications to bent and bifurcating rectangular ducts are presented, and the transfer function of a vowel [a] is shown to display frequency patterns typical of those measured on human subjects and that cannot be explained by one-dimensional propagation only. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 189-205 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The atomic mixing model that forms the basis of the IMPETUS software is described in detail. The model simulates the mixing and particle emission that occurs when a solid is bombarded with energetic particles, such as in SIMS or SNMS. The methods employed for computing the deposition of the bombarding particles and their energies along with the modelling of the particle yield and the surface recession speed are described.The material volume concentrations are governed by a set of partial differential equations. A description of the finite element method that is employed for their solution is given. Results from the application of IMPETUS II to a number of typical structures are given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 455-455 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 447-454 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel procedure for synthesizing multilayered radar absorbing materials (RAMs) is presented. The procedure uses a method for global minimization of multimodal functions of continuous variables based on simulated annealing (SA). The technique is very flexible and reliable, allowing the design of absorbing materials for any grazing or normal angles over the specified frequency bandwidth. The technique is particularly suitable for the efficient design of broadband RAMs and hence for EMC applications.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 187-203 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This document describes the background and motivation behind the PEPSE project. It describes separately the components which make up PEPSE, the parallel design philosophy and aspects of parallel implementation.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 245-264 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper deals with absorbing boundary conditions for the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method applied to homogeneous lossless waveguide structures. A theoretical formulation of the so-called ‘modal absorption’ (MA) is developed. On the basis of this theory different implementations available in the literature have been derived and compared. Then, some techniques to enhance the efficiency of the method have been proposed and tested. It is demonstrated that, with the proposed methods, the high level of accuracy of the original formulations is retained, while the computational cost is strongly reduced. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 16
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 285-301 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new approach for the time-domain simulation of power electronic circuits is developed. The methodology is based on stepwise identification of circuit topology. The simulation process automatically looks for a valid topology in every step. At each simulation instant, the circuit topology is transformed into a resistive network, giving another superior feature of this method: the avoidance of solving complicated s-domain or differential formulas. No small-signal approximation is assumed. Parasitic resistance of the reactive element is included in the circuit model. Several examples illustrating the generality and computational efficiency of this new method are presented. The simulated results are favourably verified with experimental measurements and available literature. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 3-19 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an efficient space domain integral formulation of planar dielectric structures based on the concepts of multiresolution analysis (MRA) theory. Battle-Lemarie multiresolution expansions are utilized in the moment method solution of a volume integral equation for the unknown electric field. The generation of sparse moment matrices is explained in view of the cancellation property of wavelet basis functions. The formulation is then applied to two- and three-dimensional dielectric structures including waveguides and resonators, and the numerical results and consequences of matrix sparsity are discussed in detail. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 18
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 21-40 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An efficient wavelet-packet-based time-frequency technique is proposed in this paper. This technique has found applications in inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR). It combines the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) of each sub-band signal partitioned from an input signal by the wavelet-packet transform (WPT). These distributions are used to estimate the parameters in Doppler processing. Similar parametric compensation is carried out in range processing so that a specific scatterer is focused in both range and cross-range. The end result uses the Fourier imaging method to obtain a high-resolution radar image. This technique is primarily based on estimation and compensation of the Doppler scattering parameters of the dominant scatterers for improved focus. It can be of great value to the scattering-oriented ISAR imaging. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 19
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 81-98 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The vector and scalar variables describing electromagnetic fields with different requirements of continuity can be identified to four different degrees of differential forms. The association of differential forms with finite elements leads to a set of differential forms based elements (Whitney elements); they are naturally adapted to the discretization of different vector and scalar variables. With the help of a Tonti diagram, Maxwell equations can be classified by two dual sequences together with the constitutive laws of materials. The application of Whitney elements to the two dual sequences leads to two dual approximation schemes. As an example, two dual formulations for eddy current computation using potential variables and the hybrid finite element - boundary element method are derived, where Whitney 3-D and 2-D elements are employed. A numerical application is given at the end of the paper, where the dual features of the two formulations are reported.
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  • 20
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 125-143 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper proposes an iterative procedure, called current iteration, for the finite element solution of two-dimensional steady-state skin effect problems in open boundaries. In the procedure a fictitious boundary is introduced enclosing all the conductors. On it, the magnetic vector potential is first guessed and then iteratively updated according to the current density computed in the conductors. Conditions are obtained implying convergence to the exact solution of the unbounded problem whatever the initial guess. The choice of the fictitious boundary and the selection of the relaxation parameter in such a way that computational efficiency is obtained are discussed. The greatest advantage of the procedure is its ease of implementation in a pre-existing finite element code for bounded problems. An axisymmetric version of the procedure is also described since implementation only involves minor changes as compared with the 2-D one. Examples are provided in order to clarify and validate the procedure and compare it with other techniques.
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  • 21
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 22
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 255-257 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We re-examine the potential drop method to give a direct estimation of the absolute error in transmission-line matrix (TLM) diffusion modelling. In particular, the open-circuit boundary is taken into account. Promising results are presented with a structure relevant to thermal analysis of semiconductor devices. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 23
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 259-271 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There is a class of material processing simulators which require solution of the diffusion equation over a surface which is evolving due to some physical or chemical process related to the concentration of the diffusing species. Because of its explicit and unconditionally stable nature, the transmission line matrix (TLM) method is well suited to efficiently solve the diffusion equation in these instances. However, the methodology for using TLM on a dynamic problem space is not well established.This paper describes the development of algorithms to handle the insertion, deletion and motion of TLM nodes along the one-dimensional surface of a two-dimensional thin film process simulator called GROFILMS. These routines are completely compatible with concurrent time scaling to increase computational efficiency. Central to this development is the use of an asymmetric TLM cell which provides more flexibility for representation and minimizes the disturbance effects of these nodal operations. The scaling routines apply conservation of charge and continuity of current into the affected region to recompute the scattered or the incident pulses as a result of the evolving network. Verification of these results through comparison with known analytic solutions is achieved where possible. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 24
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 382-383 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 25
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 417-429 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The scattering of conducting regular polyhedrons of resonant size is studied by means of the electrical field integral equation (EFIE) and the method of moments (MoM). Two models are generated for each polyhedron, a wire grid model and a triangular patch model. Two numerical codes associated with those modelling techniques are used to obtain the radar cross section (RCS) of the polyhedrons. The calculated results are compared with the analytical results of the scattering of a perfectly conducting sphere. Practical criteria relating geometric properties of the sphere and the polyhedrons are investigated for the modelling of curved surfaces by facets in electromagnetic simulations.
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  • 26
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 431-445 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents the application of nonlinear neural optimization networks to solve the linear complementarity problem. Two different approaches are presented and investigated: one leading to linear and the second to quadratic optimization programming. The numerical results of illustrative examples are given and discussed.
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  • 27
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    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 205-207 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A hybrid representation formulation approach is presented. It avoids some numerical inconveniences and was successfully used as an intermediate step to obtain the differential algebraic equations of PWL modelled VLSI circuits. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 28
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 193-204 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An analysis of arbitrary thin-wire loop antennas and scatterers using periodic orthogonal wavelets is presented. The periodic orthogonal wavelet expansion is applied to solve the thin-wire version of the electric-field integral equation (EFIE). The curved solution domains are mapped into the definition domain [0, 1] of the periodic wavelets. The unknown current over each loop wire is expanded in terms of a basis derived from a periodic orthogonal wavelet through the maps between the curved integration domains and the interval [0,1]. The integral equation under study is converted into a sparse matrix equation by this technique. Numerical examples are provided for a variety of thin-wire loop antennas and scatterers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 29
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 225-236 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An FFT-based formulation for the computation of electromagnetic scattering from 3-D, perfectly conducting objects is presented. The formulation solves the EFIE iteratively via a conjugate gradient scheme and has the major advantage of a low storage requirement for scatterers in the resonance region. This factor, coupled with the low run-times resulting from use of the FFT to compute the associated matrices, makes the formulation a particularly efficient one. Numerical results encompassing current distributions and far-field radar cross-sections are presented for PEC cubes of resonant size. It is shown that the computed results yield good agreement compared with other numerical techniques and experimental data.
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  • 30
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 249-258 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In the paper a novel finite-integration beam-propagation method (FIBPM) is presented. This method is especially suited for the simulation of optical waveguides containing extremely thin layers of complex permittivity. For calculating the propagating optical field an efficient algorithm based on expansion of the matrix exponential in Chebyshev polynomials is applied. The derivation of the propagation algorithm is given, also detailing the convergence criteria. A code for a massively parallel computer has been developed and applied successfully to complex waveguide structures used for high-power laser diodes
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  • 31
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 167-170 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 32
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 47-56 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a finite element method for solving ionized fields is developed based on a novel solution philosophy. Employing the Galerkin finite element method, the solution problem of an ionized field has been formulated as an optimization problem, i.e. as a problem of minimizing an objective function whose minimum gives the solution. The effect of wind is taken into account by introducing a scalar potential of its velocity. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 33
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 35-46 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The circuit and coupling properties of a dipole grid array placed inside a rectangular cross-section waveguide are analysed when also a rectangular aperture is used to couple the resonator energy into a semi-infinite waveguide. A Green function approach is employed to determine the current distribution on the dipole elements by solving an integral equation and taking into account the boundary conditions on the rectangular cavity walls. Both mutual and self-impedance terms are calculated for the dipole grid array, and the effects of the rectangular coupling aperture are also examined. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 34
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 1-2 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 101-105 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recurrence relations are developed to determine the weighting coefficients used in the simulation of random signals and rough surfaces with given statistical characteristics. These results can provide (in real time) straightforward, accurate solutions to the system of non-linear, algebraic equations associated with the method of moving summations. Three possible numerical methods have been reported to obtain approximate solutions to the system of non-linear, algebraic equations. However, none of them is straightforward, and they all require a large amount of computing time. This work can be applied to the numerical solution of the generalized telegraphist's equations used to analyze vertically and horizontally polarized radio wave scattering problems from permeable media with random rough interfaces. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 121-136 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a multigrid method for numerically solving the coupled Poisson-Schrödinger equations in one dimension for a multilayered HEMT device structure. It is shown that this method produces a good speed-up factor over the non-multigrid approach. This should make it suitable for incorporating into the two-dimensional HEMT model involving coupled Poisson, Schrödinger, current continuity and energy transport equations, with the Schrödinger equation being solved in slices perpendicular to the layer structure. The time taken to produce a multigrid solution depends on the size of the coarse grid and on the number of grids used. A method of predicting the time taken for any combination of these values is presented. The method is demonstrated for a 4-layer device. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 169-176 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a modelling strategy and a software tool for simulating the dynamical behaviour of an active antenna array. The array consists of active radiating elements placed in a chain, i.e. a collinear array arrangement. To assist modelling of the active antenna array a macro model has been used to represent each of the radiating elements in the array. This simplifies analysis and allows dynamical performance to be efficiently computed, the resulting dynamical behaviour of the array being presented as an animated visualization. A computer program is presented which can simulate the active array in the time domain so that various characteristics, such as mode formation and spacial coupling effects, can be observed. Experimental validation is given in order to justify the mode formation predictions of the simulator. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 265-265 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 39
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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  • 40
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 3-12 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper details the use of a circuit-based EM modelling technique combined with a harmonic balance simulator used to model the radiation from the microstrip bodies comprising an active antenna circuit. The modelling approach adopted for the planar bodies in the circuit will be shown to allow the use of concurrent algorithms in order to reduce overall computational time.
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  • 41
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 13-27 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an analysis of the numerical algorithms used to model microwave semiconductor devices. A comparison is made of the relative merits and features of the more popular finite difference schemes. A new generalized Scharfetter-Gummel formulation is presented which is compatible with drift diffusion and energy-transport formulations, and is suitable for implementing in two-dimensional simulations on personal computers. The treatment allows for fully degenerate semiconductors, but implementation for the nondegenerate situation is easily obtained as a special case. The convergence and stability properties of the generalized scheme are discussed. The simulation of a planar submicrometre gate length GaAs MESFET is used to illustrate the application of these algorithms.
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  • 42
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 367-379 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The behaviours of parasitic bipolar transistors are investigated by exploring the physical mechanisms of negative resistance characteristics generated in a small-sized MOSFET structure. Physical experiments and three-dimensional simulations verify the expected negative resistance characteristics. The effects of variations of device parameters such as injected substrate current levels, doping concentrations, channel widths, and physical device sizes are investigated by simulation. According to simulation results, the operation of a parasitic bipolar transistor is initiated by the injected substrate current; this explains the negative resistance characteristics occurring at low operating voltages.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 313-313 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • 44
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 215-223 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A time domain unconditionally stable explicit method is presented which may be used to model processes governed by the diffusion equation such as transient heat flow. Unlike the explicit finite difference routine, the method models the diffusion process within the time step (MPWT). Being explicit, the method (MPWT) may easily account for non-linear physical parmeters and may be compared with the transmission line matrix (TLM) method of diffusion modelling in terms of its utility. Unlike the TLM model, however, the equivalent circuit does not contain inductive components which have no clear physical meaning. The MPWT method is based on a simple resistive and capacitive circuit model, which for short time steps reduces to the explicit finite difference formulation but is stable for large time steps. Good agreement has been found when results obtained using this algorithm are compared with other numerical methods and analytical results.
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  • 45
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 243-248 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Two separate exercises on a similar theme are reported. In the first, the moment-method program NEC was extensively modified in order to optimize its performance on a four-processor Cray X-MP computer. In the second exercise, the MININEC moment-method program was completely rewritten into the occam programming language so that it could be executed directly by a transputer system. The NEC exercise exploited judicious use of vectorization and alternative parallelization techniques and achieved a reduction of run times by factors of about five or more. The MININEC exercise has so far achieved only a modest reduction in run-time but it has the potential for a much greater improvement if an optimum strategy for configuring the transputer network is implemented.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 277-281 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A parallel implementation of the finite difference time-domain algorithm for the analysis of planar microwave circuits is presented in this paper. For this the FDTD mesh is divided in equal-sized subspaces. Every processor of the parallel computer calculates the field in one subspace. Furthermore detailed efficiency investigations are made to predict the timing performance of the parallel FDTD simulator.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 293-299 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper a parallel algorithm is created for solving electromagnetic wave scattering problems. The algorithm based on the finite difference time-domain (FDTD) representation of the Maxwell's equations written in 3L Parallel Fortran for use on a transputer array.The problem simulated consists of a space (air) where a spherical dielectric scatterer is located. This space is subdivided into fine equisize meshes extending throughout the 3-D domain; the excitation wave is of sinusoidal form. Geometric decomposition is used as the principal algorithm strategy.Results are presented for the performance of the classical sequential algorithm and compared with the parallel algorithm in terms of computational speed-up.
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  • 48
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 181-190 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper develops an electrical analogue for a gearbox suitable for use in the time-domain modelling of many electromechanical systems, with tensor methods being used to define the changing conditions in the gearbox brought about by backlash. Unlike most existing models it is compatible with the time-varying and discontinuous models often used to describe the electrical items of a typical system, and it allows for the effects of these items of mechanical non-linearities and discontinuities such as friction and backlash.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 201-214 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Charged particle motion is incorporated within a transmission line modelling (TLM) field code to establish a new model which allows the investigation of field-particle interactions. The model is validated by using it to predict the trajectory of moving particles and the field and potential distributions inside a planar diode for which analytical solutions are available. The effect of space charge on the operation of the diode is also investigated. The model is then applied to study in detail a practical electron gun design.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 209-216 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a generalized approach for the analysis of multistrip multidielectric layer transmission line structures based on the Method of Lines (MoL) is presented. The proposed algorithm is not limited either by the number of dielectric layers or by the number of metallic strips that can be positioned at different interfaces. The program we have written has been successfully tested on various structures and the obtained results are compared with those published by other authors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 41-54 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The local support and vanishing moment property of wavelet bases have been recently used to obtain a sparse matrix representation of integral equations in the spatial domain. In this paper, an application of the cubic spline and the corresponding semi-orthogonal wavelets in the spectral domain is proposed for the evaluation of the reflection coefficient for open/short transmission lines. Because of the nearly optimal time (space)-frequency (wavenumber)-window product of the cubic spline and wavelet, the double spectral integrals appearing in the formulation can be computed more efficiently than with the commonly used piecewise sinusoidal (PWS) or triangular basis functions. It is shown that the time-frequency-window product of the triangular and PWS function are close to each other, whereas those of the cubic spline/wavelet are close to 0·5, the lowest possible value corresponding to functions of Gaussian class. Both the PWS and wavelet bases are applied to microstrip and coplanar waveguides with isotropic and anisotropic substrates, and the results are compared with published theoretical and experimental data. It is observed that even though the number of splines/wavelets required for an accurate representation of the current distribution in the transmission line is almost twice as high as the number of PWS functions, the overall computation time decreases significantly in the former case. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 69-84 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The use of wavelet expansions in numerical solutions of electromagnetic frequency-domain integral equation formulations is steadily growing. In this paper we review the recently suggested impedance matrix compression (IMC) method for a more effective integration of wavelet-based transforms into existing numerical solvers. The difference between the IMC method and the previous approaches to applying wavelets in computational electromagnetics is twofold. Firstly, the transformation is effected by means of a digital filtering approach. This approach renders the transform algorithm adaptive and facilitates the derivation of a basis which best suits the problem at hand. Secondly, the conventional thresholding procedure applied to the impedance matrix is substituted for by a compression process in which only the significant terms in the expansion of the (yet-unknown) current are retained and hence a substantially smaller number of coefficients has to be determined. A few numerical results are included to demonstrate the advantages of the presented method over the currently used ones. The feasibility of ensuring a slow growth in the number of unknowns even when there is a rapid increase in the problem complexity is shown by an illustrative example. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 87-103 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An efficient novel algorithm is introduced for ground wave propagation problems. First, ground wave propagation characteristics for a vertically polarized short electric dipole over a smooth spherical earth are reviewed, reducing the vector electromagnetic problem for the three-dimensional spherical geometry to an equivalent two-dimensional rectilinear scalar potential problem which is solved by spectral analysis and synthesis. Alternative evaluations of the spectral integral yield ray optical and normal mode solutions, which are conventionally referred to as the Norton and Wait formulations, respectively. Combining these formulations in an efficient manner yields a hybrid algorithm which is constructed so as to account adaptively for the characteristics of ground wave propagation in interference, intermediate and diffraction regions (including mixed paths) for various source and/or receiver heights. Numerical comparisons are made with reference results obtained via the parabolic equation (PE) method, in parametric ranges where PE is reliable; this permits assessment of the effectiveness of the hybrid approach. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 183-184 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 153-166 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Most methods for the numerical calculation of inverse Laplace transformations f(t) = L-1[F(s)] have serious limitations concerning the class of functions F(s) that can be inverted or the achievable accuracy. The procedures described in the paper can be used to invert rational as well as irrational or transcendental functions of the complex variable s. The required accuracy of the results can be enhanced without changing the algorithm, only at the cost of a longer computation time. The described methods were verified with many examples including transients in lumped/distributed systems with sections of lossy multiconductor transmission lines or with distributed RC elements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 167-181 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this study, a software package is described which has been developed for the simulation of detection and tracking in surface wave high frequency (SW-HF) radars. The aim is to investigate the problems related to detection and tracking of surface targets at beyond the horizon ranges. In SW-HF radars target detection and tracking involves stochastic features such as target RCS fluctuations, atmospheric, galactic and/or man-made ambient interference components, and the sea clutter with the dominant resonant Bragg returns which affect target detection are all incorporated in the package. In the model, first, terrain data are fed into the simulator by means of a specially designed graphical user interface. Then, a scenario is prepared where the radar's location, coverage and operational parameters can be defined, together with different targets and their sailing routes. The radial propagation paths for angular resolution cells are extracted from the terrain data with the lengths of (possible) sea-island transitions. The surface wave path losses are calculated over the smooth spherical earth's surface with finite conductivity. Surface roughness and mixed-path propagation effects are also included in these calculations. The target detection is performed in the frequency domain after calculation of the noise floor, signal to noise (SNR) and clutter to noise (CNR) ratios. Since SW-HF radars yield coarse range and azimuth but accurate velocity measurements, different Kalman filter techniques are applied for the target tracking, and algorithms are added to improve the track-measurement data correlation. Various simulation tests are performed and the results are presented. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 187-187 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 145-158 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For the interpretation of human neuromagnetic data it is necessary to compute the magnetic field of a source (e.g. a dipole) in a volume conductor (e.g. a homogeneous conducting sphere or a homogeneous head model). The Multiple Multipole (MMP) method, which is a semianalytical field calculation method, is applied to neuromagnetic field calculation for the first time. The unique feature of the MMP method is that multipole expansions are used for the description of the electromagnetic field. First a validation of the MMP method is done with the help of a spherical model and an analytical solution. Then the MMP method is applied to a realistically shaped one compartment head model. The results are compared to results obtained with the Boundary Element Method (BEM). The results suggest that it is possible to solve the neuromagnetic forward problem faster with the help of the MMP method than with the conventional numerical field calculation methods for realistic shaped volume conductor models. Further investigations are necessary to tackle the inverse problem of biomagnetism with the MMP method.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 277-287 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The solution of Maxwell's equations is considered using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and the client-server software paradigm on a heterogeneous network of distributed computers. The performance of compilers is evaluated and the PVM 3.3 message-passing harness, in both its conventional and TCP mode of operation, is compared with direct calls to the lesser known TCP/IP routines on the operating system. An example is given showing the impact of using different floating-point representations, in each subdomain, when computing field updates. As far as we are aware to date, there has been no discussion of the actual content of the communication between concurrent FDTD processes; accordingly we have defined one such protocol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 307-316 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an FE modelling approach for the calculation of transient eddy currents in thin conductive layers, where the complexity of the geometry prohibits both a detailed FE modelling and the use of analytical tools. The method allows an estimation of the maximum values of eddy currents at a highly reduced modelling effort and the use of a commercial FE software package. A prerequisite is a slowly varying magnetic field that can be assumed to be unaffected by the eddy currents. It is shown that neither the source of the magnetic field nor the insulating environment has to be modelled. The model is built up exclusively from 2D elements and is excited via the magnetic vector potential. The spatial distribution of the latter is calculated separately in a magnetostatic calculation based on Biot-Savart's law. It is then applied in time-varying form as a dynamic boundary condition at every node of the model. The method was applied to a simple problem for which the results of a detailed FE calculation were available, to document its validity. Further numerical results are presented for the plasma vessel and the heat radiation shield of the Wendelstein 7-X fusion experiment in the case of an emergency discharge. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 231-243 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The suitability of the transmission line modelling method for studying field-particle interaction devices is assessed through an example of a simple two-cavity klystron amplifier. Two separate numerical studies are presented, covering both beam bunching in the buncher cavity and field generation in the catcher cavity. Also addressed are the possibility of modelling the effect of the finite thickness of the cavity wall and beam coupling. The modelling of these practical aspects has not only resulted in some important insights into the field-particle interaction problem, but also demonstrated that the computer code developed is a powerful and versatile design tool. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 217-229 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We present an analysis of thin microstrip superconducting structures in which the effects of the superconducting material, of finite complex conductivity and finite thickness, are taken into account through the concept of sheet impedance coupled with an extension of the Spectral Domain Immittance Approach. The effect of the magnetic field on the penetration depth in the superconductor is included by solving the Ginzburg-Landau equations within the thin-film approximation (t/λ0 ≪ 1). The state of the material is determined self-consistently in such a way that when the critical field is exceeded, the material systematically shifts from the superconducting to the normal state. Special attention is paid to the behaviour of the system in the neighbourhood of the critical temperature, T/Tc ≃ 1. We report that, in some cases, the propagation constant of a superconducting microstrip line attains a maximum when the real and imaginary parts of the conductivity are approximately equal. Numerical results for a microstrip line and a patch resonator are presented and compared with available data to document the validity of the approach. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 371-371 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 303-312 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Monte Carlo methods are generally known for solving field problems one point at a time, unlike other numerical methods such as the finite difference and finite element methods which provide the solution at all the grid nodes simultaneously. This paper provides a Monte Carlo technique for obtaining the solution everywhere at once. The technique uses absorbing Markov chains to obtain the transition probabilities for all of the grid nodes at once. The procedure is illustrated with some examples for homogeneous and inhomogeneous, rectangular and axisymmetric solution regions, and is found to be accurate. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 315-328 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A strategy is proposed to enhance the performance of some numerical methods used in the solution of electromagnetic problems. The strategy can be extended to any numerical method based on the partitioning of the spatial domain into elementary cells. Two different implementations of the strategy are compared: modified-reversed Cuthill-McKee and tabu search. While the former is well known, the latter is here applied for the first time to such problems. Their application is shown in conjunction with three different numerical methods: mode matching of complex MW circuits, finite difference solution of PDE and FEM analysis of microstrip lines. The efficiency and versatility of the approach is proved for each of the three numerical methods, reaching a reduction in the working times of up to 20 times. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 269-284 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A simple, approximate, but very rapid and accurate image method is proposed for the analysis of arbitrary wire antennas above a lossy half-space. The reflected field from vertical and horizontal Hertzian dipoles is approximated by the field of a few ‘optimally’ positioned simple elementary sources. The field of images is incorported into the Hallén-type equations for the current distribution, resulting in equations of essentially the same form as those for an isolated antenna. The equations are solved by the point-matching method and polynomial approximation of current along the antenna segments. The results for the impedance and admittance of antennas assembled of vertical, horizontal and/or oblique segments are in excellent agreement with the exact results (obtained from the Sommerfeld theory). The proposed method is conceptually very simple and on average 25 times faster than the exact method, although in some cases it was found to be faster for even two orders of magnitude. This makes it particularly suitable for numerical optimization and CAD of relatively complicated antennas and other wire structures above a lossy half-space. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 343-353 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When we solve the wave equation by the finite element method, the order of convergence and the accuracy of the solution are reduced by the presence of sharp edges. The employment of singular elements improves the solution and allows us to reduce the cost of computation.In this paper, three types of scalar singular finite elements with the capacity to handle singularities in the derivative, and which have previously been applied to mechanical problems, are examined, together with standard elements, in the context of homogeneous waveguide analysis.We solve two examples of homogeneous waveguides showing the different behaviour of the singular elements and obtaining information on the order of convergence and the approximation of the gradient of the unknown function. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 385-398 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A typical application of numerical frequency-domain computations is the calculation of electromagnetic fields in cavities. Not only the field vectors of the desired modes, but also parameters such as the resonance frequency and, in the lossy case, the damping coefficient and the quality factor of the cavity can be obtained. This problem leads to an analytical eigenvalue equation, which can be transformed in an algebraic, complex, linear eigenvalue problem by the finite integration method.The consideration of energy losses in materials is straighforward in the analytical theory, using complex material quantities, but it is still a difficult subject area to solve a complex algebraic eigenvalue problem. Generally problems with very large, complex matrices (dimension 〉100,000) have to be solved, and no commonly applicable algorithm is known so far.This paper deals with a special variant of subspace iteration with polynomial acceleration, and some problems of the application of the complex Chebyshev polynomials are discussed. Two examples with weakly lossy cavities demonstrate the capability of the new algorithm, which is successfully applied to very large problems of up to 490, 000 real unknowns.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 329-341 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The dynamic analysis of discontinuities in printed circuits has been performed using the mode matching technique. This study concerns the open end of microstrip lines and suspended microstrip lines. The fields on either side of the discontinuity are described by means of the continuous (radiated and evanescent) and guided modes of the structure.The conditions of continuity of the electromagnetic fields are then applied in the plane of the discontinuity. By taking into account the relations of orthogonality of the modes of the same region, a system of coupled Fredholm integral equations is obtained and solved by the iterative method of Neumann's series.The study calls for the use of the continuous spectrum of microstrip lines, which can be obtained analytically only after a great amount of calculation and CPU time. Thus, the first approach consists in neglecting this continuous spectrum. This gives accurate results for the reflection coefficient but it is not sufficient for the derivation of the radiation pattern. So, two simple models for the continuous spectrum, both based on the physical behaviour of such discontinuities, are considered and discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 55-68 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Multiresolution time domain (MRTD) analysis is applied directly to Maxwell's equations to model inhomogeneous dielectric material. In our approach, scaling and wavelet functions are used as a complete basis for the method of moments. The MRTD scheme is used to analyze different types of resonant cavity structures with varying dielectric perturbations in one, two and three dimensions. The results presented here agree very well with those obtained by FDTD, FEM and integral equation methods. MRTD allows for considerable savings in memory and computation time in comparison to FDTD, while maintaining the same accuracy of the results. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 105-121 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a computationally efficient diakoptic algorithm for the solution of closed-mesh electrical network equations. The algorithm is designed for use with time-varying and/or discontinuous equations describing limited size power supply systems, allowing them to be torn into smaller subdivisions in a manner that is independent of their structure. The efficiency of the algorithm is demonstrated by comparing its performance with that obtained when using a more conventional sparse matrix technique, on the basis of the number of floating point operations required for the solution of a range of typical network problems. Mention is made of the parallel processes inherent in the resultant equation structure. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 265-275 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Parallel algorithms for the finite difference time-domain (FDTD), the planar generalized Yee (PGY), and the finite element time-domain (FETD) methods are presented. The FDTD and the PGY algorithms are both explicit time-domain solutions of Maxwell's equations, while the PGY algorithm is based on an unstructured grid. The FETD algorithm is a semi-implicit solution of Maxwell's equations using variational principles, and thus requires a matrix inversion for every time iteration. The three parallel algorithms are based on spatial decompositions of the discrete three-dimensional problem spaces. A comparative analysis of the parallel algorithms is presented based on their memory and computational efficiency as well as their parallel efficiency.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 313-313 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 381-381 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 399-416 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A non-stationary longitudinal model of a thermal two-component plasma is investigated with numerical methods based on so-called high-resolution schemes. The inhomogeneous model system is solved numerically applying a splitting method, where the homogeneous conservation laws for the electrons and ions are approximated by explicit Godunov-type schemes. Coupling of both plasma components is achieved by the electric field, which is also calculated in an explicit manner after reformulating Coulomb's law. A new numerical method is proposed for the expansion of the plasma into the vacuum. This tracking method is based on the solution of the vacuum Riemann problem and avoids the difficulties of numerical approximation introduced by the vacuum where the longitudinal plasma model is not valid. This new approach of tracking resolves sharply the plasma vacuum interface and captures this boundary very well during the temporal evolution of the model system. Two test problems show the interplay, the quality and properties of the approximation methods applied.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 207-219 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The IMPETUS II code simulates the atomic mixing and particle emission that occurs when a solid is bombarded by energetic particles (as in SIMS or SNMS). The underlying model consists of a system of partial differential equations that are solved by a finite difference method (FDM). Special techniques are also employed to model thin layers and sharp interfaces, to deal efficiently with wide homogeneous layers (when the solution is tending to a steady state), to model linear diffusion in order to smooth the sharp interfaces before they enter to domain of the FDM.In this paper the special techniques are described in detail. Results from test problems, demonstrating these techniques, are shown. An algorithm that describes the way the IMPETUS II code is structured is given. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 221-229 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a physical-mathematical model for abrupt heterojunction transistors and its solution using numerical methods with application to InP/InGaAs HBTs. The physical model is based on the combination of the drift-diffusion transport model in the bulk with thermionic emission and tunnelling transmission through the emitter-base interface. Fermi-Dirac statistics and bandgap narrowing distribution between the valence and conduction bands are considered in the model. A compact formulation is used that makes it easy to take into account other effects such as the non-parabolic nature of the bands or the presence of various subbands in the conduction process. The simulator has been implemented for distributed memory multicomputers, making use of the MPI message-passing standard library. In order to accelerate the solution process of the linear system, iterative methods with parallel incomplete factorization-based preconditioners have been used. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 273-273 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 233-242 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The propagation factors of buried microstrip lines are considered. The associated eigenvalue problems are solved by the edge-based vectorial finite element method (VFEM). To improve the higher-order VFEM solutions, the problem infinite domain is truncated by second-order absorbing boundary conditions (ABCs). This reduces the number of unknowns and, consequently, the numerical effort. Owing to the many advantages of both the edge-based VFEM and the second-order ABCs, this full-wave method is implemented by a general computer program for solving unbounded domain problems involving complex geometries and inhomogeneous media. The examples presented show the validity of this technique. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Various local absorbing boundary conditions are implemented in the TLM method and their corresponding reflections are compared as a waveguide termination. The instability in different ABCs is discussed and reflections from the terminating walls are computed. An improvement for the matched termination wall is proposed and reflection of this absorbing condition is compared with ordinary matched termination. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 317-318 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
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    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 289-298 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Oscillatory flow present in the melt during InSb single crystal growth using an RF-heating Czochralski method has been numerically investigated by means of the finite difference method using the HSMAC algorithm. The thermal boundary conditions required for the numerical simulation model were obtained experimentally by measuring the temperature profile along the crucible of a Czochralski system by means of thermocouples mounted in the crucible. Results of numerical simulations showed that the use of a third-order upwind discretization scheme was necessary to catch the oscillatory behaviour of the fluid flow in the melt. It was shown that this oscillatory behaviour strongly depends on the crystal rotation rate. Indeed, the oscillation period increases when the crystal rotation rate is above a critical rotation rate. In order to avoid such oscillations, crystal rotation rates lower than this critical value of crystal rotation rate must be selected for the growth of high quality crystals free of striations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 11 (1998), S. 299-306 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of the FDTD algorithm on generalized non-orthogonal meshes, following the basic ideas of Holland (1983), has been investigated by many authors for several years now, and detailed dispersion analysis as well as convergence studies have been published. Already in 1992 also a general stability criterion was given for the time integration using the standard leap-frog scheme (Lee et al.). Many authors, however, still propose some damped time stepping algorithms to work around unexpected instabilities in the discretization method. In this paper the origin of this type of instability is revealed, and a technique to obtain a stable discretization of Maxwell's equations on non-orthogonal grids is proposed. To obtain more insight into the stability properties of the method, it is reformulated according to the matrix-vector notation of the Finite Integration Technique. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 13-34 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Specifying electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is a crucial step in the performance evaluation of electrical and electronic systems. This paper describes a circuit formulation for the EMC assessment of large and complex systems.The proposed method is based on breaking the actual structure down into an aggregation of multiport devices: lumped-parameter circuits and distributed-parameter multiports. The multiconductor transmission line (MTL) model is used for the description of signal propagation along system interconnects: uniform, twisted and shielded lines are considered. Accurate prediction models (including line losses and dispersion) are utilized for the quantitative evaluation of both intrasystem compatibility and susceptibility to radiated interference.The description of the network topology makes use of the concept of an incidence matrix which is widely used in lumped-circuit theory. It is extended here to the more general case of distributed networks. The entire analysis is carried out in the frequency domain and a transient response is obtained by using inverse Fourier and Laplace transforms.Noteworthy characteristics of the method can be seen in the simplicity and effectiveness of the prediction models and in the minimal effort required for system description. The proposed method is especially significant for complex systems, where the number of connecting structures can be quite large. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 57-69 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The modified Gaussian algorithm is introduced for solving the ionized fields of unipolar HVDC lines including the effect of wind. Specific techniques of incorporating in the algorithm the special structure of the optimization problem of the ionized field have been developed to economize the requirements for the computer memory and CPU time. Numerical tests are carried out on a coaxial cylindrical geometry and on a line-plane geometry both in the absence and in the presence of wind. Comparison with available experimental data shows good agreement. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 107-119 
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    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A self-consistent numerical transport model based on the hydrodynamic equations obtained from Boltzmann's transport equation (BTE) is presented. The model includes both the temporal and spatial variation in electron velocity. A parallel implementation of the solution method, using FDTD techniques, is illustrated. Numerical results for a GaAs MESFET device are generated using this complete hydrodynamic model (CHM) and compared with results obtained from the more commonly used energy or simplified hydrodynamic model (SHM). The results indicate that for short gate-lengths (less than 0⋅5 μm) the two models lead to different DC steady-state results which in turn lead to different microwave small-signal models for the device. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 139-151 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The response of a p-i-n photodetector made from gallium arsenide to both steady-state and transient illumination has been modelled. Both an ensemble Monte-Carlo model and a drift-diffusion model were used, the latter with the choice of two different mobility models. The effects of high intensity steady-state illumination on the field and carrier distributions in the photodetector were calculated, and a comparative study of the models made. The transient response to pulsed illumination has also been calculated and the different results obtained from the models explained. The effect of high illumination on the response speed of the detector has been demonstrated. In addition, an expression for obtaining the photocurrent from the Monte-Carlo simulation, with much reduced statistical noise over the conventional estimate, has been derived and successfully tested. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 10 (1997), S. 177-192 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: When compared with commonly used subdomain moment-method analysis, entire-domain analysis of 3D dielectric scatterers results in a greatly reduced number of unknowns. Unfortunately, the expressions for matrix elements tend to be quite complicated and their calculation extremely time-consuming if evaluated directly. It is shown in the paper that, in a Galerkin-type solution with large trilinear hexahedral basic volume elements and three-dimensional polynomial approximation of volume current inside them, these expressions can be manipulated analytically for optimized rapid non-redundant integration. Consequently, a method for the analysis of 3D dielectric scatterers is obtained that is efficient, rapidly converging with increasing degree of approximation for current, remarkably accurate and very moderate in computer memory requirements. The applicability of the method of moments is thereby extended to bodies of electrical sizes greatly exceeding those that can be dealt with by subdomain methods. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 237-248 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A spectral estimation technique based on Prony's method has been used to analyse a five section microstrip interdigital filter with the TLM method. The time response of the filter is expressed as the sum of only five damped sinusoids, yielding an analytical expression for the time response. Furthermore, since an analytical Fourier transform exists for this expression, the frequency response is obtained without applying the fast Fourier or discrete Fourier transform. This typically reduces the time required for a TLM analysis by a factor of five. The approximation agrees very well with a full TLM time response. It is also shown that the numerical noise due to single precision computation of the absorbing boundary algorithm can be eliminated by digital filtering techniques. The effect of the via holes used for grounding the quarter-wave resonators of the filter has been included by discretizing them along with the rest of the circuit. Scattering parameters for the filter compare well with measurements published by Swanson.
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 271-294 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently, a new method has been presented for the discrete simulation of multidimensional systems, which are described by linear partial differential equations with constant coefficients. It is based on methods customary in linear systems theory and digital signal processing and uses a frequency-domain representation of the continuous system to be simulated. A proper choice of functional transformations for each independent variable allows us to treat the influence of initial conditions, boundary conditions and excitation functions separately by suitable transfer functions. From these, corresponding discrete transfer functions and the structure of a discrete system for the simulation of the continuous problem are derived. The application of this method to wave propagation problems on uniform transmission lines is presented here. At first, the continuous problem is characterized by transfer functions; then the derivation of a discrete system is shown, and finally, some simulation results and a comparison with other methods are given.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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  • 94
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 325-325 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 335-344 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The first part of the paper presents the implementation and performance of a new absorbing boundary condition (ABC) for truncating finite element meshes. This ABC can be applied conformally to the surface of the structure for scattering and antenna radiation calculations. Consequently, the computational domain is reduced dramatically, thus allowing the simulation of much larger structures, and results are presented for three-dimensional bodies. The latter part of the paper discusses optimization issues relating to the solver's CPU speed on parallel and vector processors. It is shown that a jagged diagonal storage scheme leads to a four-fold increase in the FLOP rate of the code, and a standard matrix profile reduction algorithm substantially reduces the inter-processor communication.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996) 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 405-415 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An improved combined fine-coarse mesh (CFCM) method for two transmission line models of diffusion is described. The method allows regular cells of different sizes to be connected and solved simultaneously. The CFCM method is applied to (a) a finite difference algorithm, (b) a conventional transmission line model and (c) a lossy transmission line model. The latter model is shown to be the most accurate. The proposed CFCM method is also compared with the graded mesh and the multigrid techniques.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 445-457 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper reviews some discrete probabilistic numerical techniques with particular emphasis on heat flow in inhomogeneous materials. The effects of different nodal configurations on the development of suitable algorithms are outlined and we suggest a new and consistent description for the discrete apparent effusivity. Our approach is then discussed in the context of TLM, and analogues are presented for flux relaxation time and effusivity.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 459-461 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We show that the general boundary condition D∂Φ/∂x + αΦ = 0 (D is the diffusion coefficient and α is a constant) in TLM diffusion modelling can be expressed accurately in terms of a voltage reflection coefficient ρ = (Δx - αΔt)/(Δx + αΔt), where Δx is the spatial resolution and Δt is the time step. Based on this general expression, the special cases of short-circuit (ρ = -1), open-circuit (ρ = 1) and matched-load (ρ = 0) boundaries can be described succinctly by α → ∞, α → 0 and α = Δx/Δt, respectively. This formulation allows for straightforward treatment of mixed boundary conditions found, for example, in diffusion-drift systems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 9 (1996), S. 45-57 
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper gives an overview on mathematical optimization techniques specially suited to problems in electromagnetism. It is described how efficient optimization procedures consist of decision making, treatment of non-linear constraints, and an algorithm for minimizing the objective function. The optimization of a rectangular waveguide branching, a permanent magnet synchronous machine, and the iron cross-section of a superconducting magnet are given as examples. Optimization routines are used for the tracing of manufacturing errors in the production of superconducting coils. Finally the application of a genetic algorithm to a dipole coil design is discussed as an example for field synthesis.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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