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  • Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
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  • 1
    Journal cover
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Online: 1.2011 –
    Print: 1.2011 – (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 66/6)
    Publisher: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Print ISSN: 2191-8589
    Topics: Geosciences
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  • 2
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Online: 1.1995 –
    Print: 1.1995 – (Location: A17, Lesesaal, 21)
    Formerly as: Scientific Technical Report / GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam  (1995–2008)
    Publisher: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Corporation: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ 〈Potsdam〉
    Print ISSN: 1610-0956 , 2190-7110
    Topics: Geosciences
    Keywords: Allgemeine Geowissenschaften
    Parallel titles: ST Report
    Acronym: STR
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  • 3
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Print: 2008 – (Location: A17, Kompaktmagazin, 27/6)
    Publisher: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Corporation: Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ 〈Potsdam〉
    Topics: Geosciences
    Parallel titles: GFZeitung
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Infrared-Spectrometry on Cutting Samples of the KTB Main Hole (Drill Section HB1), 7-5590 m.
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; Land based ; CO2 ; H2O ; infrared spectrometry ; total carbon
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-08-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The qualitative and quantitative phase analyses were performed in the KTB field laboratory by x-ray powder diffraction using SIEMENS D 500 diffractometer. During early stages of the KTB project a new method for quantitative phase analysis was developed (see references below). The method is based on the comparison of the diffraction spectrum of the unknown sample with those of pure minerals. The powder diffraction data of the minerals are stored in a database built up of 250 natural minerals separated from various types of igneous and metamorphic rocks. The complete analyses (radiation: Cu K alpha, lambda: 1,5405Å, stepwidth: 0,01°, counting time 2 sec/step, angle 2-80°) was carried out automatically including computations. The results of this quantitative phase analysis were used e.g. to check thin section petrography (and vice versa) and to construct a \"mineralogical rock composition log\".
    Keywords: German Continental Deep Drilling Program ; Land based ; Accessories ; Al2SiO5 ; Amphiboles ; Biotites ; Carbonates ; Chlorite ; Clinopyroxene ; Date of Sampling ; Epidote ; Garnet ; Olivine ; Orthopyroxene ; Oxyde Ores ; Plagioclases ; Potassium Feldspars ; Quartz ; Serpentine ; Spinels ; Sulfidic Ores ; White Mica ; X-ray diffraction ; Zeolite
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 60459 DataPoints
    Format: text/tab-separated-values
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-08-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: C/N mass ratios remain constant throughout MIS 3 and into MIS 2, with values between 6.3 and 8.9, indicating no significant terrestrial input of organic matter (Fig. 3). Low %TOC values during the interstadial increase from 0.4 to 0.7 between 57.8 and 43.7 kyr BP with a concurrent gradual increase in δ13C(organic) amid oscillations between −23.2‰ and −26.1‰ (Fig. 3). %TOC falls to 0.4 between 40.9 and 39.4 kyr BP whereas δ13C(organic) remains high at c. 24‰ with a peak value of −23.6‰ at 39.4 kyr BP. The subsequent two-stage increase in %TOC from 39 to 37.9 kyr BP and between 37.3 and 36.9 kyr BP is marked by a period of δ13C(organic) lowering to c. −26.6‰ before δ13C(organic) increases after 37.9 kyr BP to −24.8‰, values comparable to those prior to the %TOC decline at 40.9 kyr BP.
    Keywords: Vereshchagin Long Cores Expedition 2001 ; R/V Vereshchagin ; δ13C ; age (calendar years) ; AMS ; calculation ; Carbon/Nitrogen ratio ; correlation of paleointensity records ; total organic carbon ; AMS
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 400 Datapoints
    Format: text/tab-separated-values
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  • 7
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Lecture Notes . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, 332 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-09-30
    Description: Die vorliegenden Lecture Notes wurden im Rahmen von Vorlesungen und Praktika zwischen 1999 und 2014 an den Universitäten Frankfurt, Hamburg und Potsdam entwickelt, insbesondere als Zusatzmaterial meines Moduls Einführung in die Geophysik an der Universität Hamburg. Ziel dieser Vorlesung war die breite Einführung in die Grundlagen der Geophysik, von der großskaligen, globalen Geophysik bis zur kleinskaligen oberflächennahen und angewandten Geophysik. Das Manuskript ist vom Niveau her für Anfangssemester in einem Diplom- oder Bachelor-Studiengang in der Geophysik/Ozeanographie, den Geowissenschaften oder der Physik geeignet. Die Theorie-Kapitel sind auf wenige wichtige Formeln und elementare Ableitungen beschränkt. Meßinstrumente, Meßverfahren und Anwendungen werden ausführlich besprochen und durch Beispiele vertieft. Der erste Teil beginnt mit der Entstehung der Erde und der Planeten. Der innere Aufbau der Erde und die Dynamik der Erde folgen im dritten Kapitel. Unterkapitel sind hier bereits die globale Plattentektonik, der Wärmehaushalt der Erde und die Entstehung des Erdmagnetfeldes. Im vierten Kapitel folgt das Schwerefeld der Erde und die Ansätze der angewandten Gravimetrie. Der Sto↵ des fünften Kapitels umfasst die Geomagnetik und den remanenten Gesteinsmagnetismus. In den folgenden Kapiteln wird in weitere Verfahren der angewandten Geophysik eingeführt. Die Gleichstromelektrik wird ebenso behandelt wie Verfahren, die mit elektromagnetischen Wellen arbeiten. Dabei wird auch die Arbeitsweise des Bodenradar und der Magnetotellurik beschrieben. Im vorletzten Kapitel wird in seismische Verfahren eingeführt, die in der angewandten Geophysik eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Hierbei werden nötige Grundlagen der Theorie elastischer Wellen ebenso wie praktische Aspekte der geometrischen Ausbreitung von Raumwellen durch die Erde kurz beschrieben. Das letzte Kapitel ist den Erdbeben und der Seismologie gewidmet. Begleitende Übungsaufgaben sind auf Anfrage erhältlich.
    Type: Book , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: ESKP-Themenspezial Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 113-116. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2021-01-06
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft: Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 117-120.
    Publication Date: 2021-01-26
    Description: Millionen von Quadratkilometern im Meer sind von gigantischen Lavaschichten bedeckt. Sie sind das Resultat des Flutbasalt-Vulkanismus. Dabei entstand vulkanisches Gestein, welches auch zur Entfernung von CO2 aus der Atmosphäre beitragen kann. Erdgeschichtlich führte die-ser Vulkanismus jedoch immer wieder zum Massenaussterben von Arten.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 94-96. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Es ist bekannt, dass unsere Atmosphäre durch vulkanische Gasemissionen geformt wurde. Ebenfalls bekannt ist, dass Vulkane aufgrund ihrer Gas- und Aerosol-Emissionen, insbesondere nach großen explosiven Eruptionen, maßgeblich das Klima beeinflussen. Weit weniger bekannt ist jedoch, dass Vulkane gewissermaßen „wetterfühlige" Gebilde sein können und Vulkan­aktivität vom Wetter und dem Zustand der Atmosphäre beeinflusst werden kann.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 11
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 101-104. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Weniger als ein Prozent der längsten Bergkette der Welt sind im Detail erforscht. Dabei finden sich entlang der Mittelozeanischen Rücken faszinierende Ökosysteme, die in völlig lichtloser Umgebung der Ozeane Lebensräume für viele Arten bieten.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 12
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft: zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghamer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 109-112. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Der Magmatismus in Sedimentbecken verursachte globale Massenaussterben und ist die eng ste Analogie zum heutigen anthropogenen Klimawandel. Das Studium dieser natürlichen Prozesse ist oft schwierig, da die Magma-Aufstiegssysteme mit kaum sichtbarer Oberflächen expression verschüttet bleiben. Bei GEOMAR untersuchen wir diese Systeme mit Hilfe von marinen seis-mischen Daten und modernsten numerischen Modellen.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 13
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 90-93. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Hochexplosive Vulkanausbrüche können immense Wirkungen auf die Ozonschicht haben und beeinflussen die schädliche UV-Strahlung, die auf der Erde ankommt. Auch kann es vermehrt regnen oder regional durch Verdunklung und Abkühlung zu Missernten kommen. Eine umge­kehrte Wirkung wird ebenfalls diskutiert: Der Klimawandel könnte sich zeitlich versetzt auf vulkanische Aktivität auswirken.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 14
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 98-100. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: Die meisten Vulkanausbrüche finden dort statt, wo wir sie nur schwer beobachten können: unter Wasser. Ein kleiner Einblick in die noch junge Forschungsdisziplin der Erkundung sub­mariner Vulkane.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  In: Vulkanismus und Gesellschaft. Zwischen Risiko, Vorsorge und Faszination. , ed. by Jorzik, O., Kandarr, J., Klinghammer, P. and Spreen, D. ESKP-Themenspezial . Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ, Potsdam, Germany, pp. 105-108. ISBN 978-3-9816597-3-3
    Publication Date: 2022-01-12
    Description: An Inselbogenvulkanen können sich im Untergrund, nahe des entgasenden Magmas, Lager­stätten für ökonomisch interessante Metalle wie Kupfer, Molybdän oder Gold bilden.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2022-05-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Down-core variations of the high-resolution magnetic susceptibility (0.1 cm steps)have been obtained for kasten and pilot cores from sites CON01-603 and CON01-605. This allowed the transfer of AMS 14C dating performed on kasten cores to the performed on kasten cores to the pilot cores subjected to paleomagnetic investigations. Note the discrepancies in the magnetic susceptibility curves from the pilot core from site CON 01-605 (Vydrino Shoulder) measured in 2001 and 2003, respectively (right). Several large peaks visible in the first measurement from 2001 (dashed lines) disappeared after a 2-year-long storage. This is a first hint for the presence the ferromagnetic, chemically unstable greigite.
    Keywords: Vereshchagin Long Cores Expedition 2001 ; R/V Vereshchagin ; magnetic susceptibility ; loop sensor
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 9666 Datapoints
    Format: text/tab-separated-values
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2022-07-06
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The CIVISA seismic network currently ensures the surveillance of geological hazards on the Azores islands, in particular, the ones resulting from the seismo-volcanic systems in this North Atlantic region. The current network contains short-period and broad band seismic stations operating in seven of the nine islands of the archipelago. Data for two stations are available at GEOFON using FDSN network code CP.
    Keywords: Seismic monitoring
    Type: Other , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 2 active stations
    Format: SEED data
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: In August and September 2013, 17 shallow ocean bottom seismograph (S-OBS) stations and 8 land stations had been deployed on and around Muostakh Island (Laptev Sea, Russia) for a time period of 24 days. The specifically designed underwater recording equipment consists of a low-power digital recorder, a standard 4.5Hz 3-component geophone, and a battery pack. These components are enclosed in a watertight cylindrical container safe for operation down to 100m water depth. Land stations were also equipped with 4.5 Hz 1C-geophones as well as with batteries. All instruments recorded continuously with 200 samples per second (sps). The stations were deployed along two profiles covering a region of 8km x 8 km. The tilt of the geophone inside the S-OBS influences the sensor characteristics. Since the orientation and tilt at the ocean bottom was unknown, approximately every 24 hours a calibration signal (a sequence of step-functions) was applied to the sensors of the ocean stations. This might be used to recover the actual sensor characteristics (eigenfrequency and damping). The dataset contains 1) a info-folder with a) a README file; b) a file containing the times when calibration signals occurred (format: recorder_ID - date - time); c) the station table (ASCII; recorder_ID - latitude - longitude - (water)depth); d) a map of the region with the locations of the stations; 2) raw CUBE-formatted data; 3) converted mini-seed-formatted data (hourly files).
    Keywords: Seismology ; Laptev Sea (Russia) ; Cryosphere ; Solid Earth ; Permafrost
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , temporary seismological network
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Raw-, SEG-Y and other supplementary data of the amphibious wide-angle seismic experiment carried out in south Turkey, Cyprus and south of Cyprus are presented. The aim of this project was to reveal the crustal structure of the Anatolian plateau, Cyprus and the Eratosthenes Seamount (ESM), south of Cyprus. Simultaneous data acquisition offshore with ocean bottom seismometers and airguns and onshore with seismic land stations and two land shots in south Turkey lead to a 650 km long amphibian seismic profile.
    Keywords: 201001-CyprusArc ; Wide-angle seismic ; crustal structure ; eastern Mediterranean ; Cyprus ; south Turkey ; Eratosthenes Seamount
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SEGY and supplementary data of the seismic reflection experiment in the Baza Basin (Southern Spain). Presented are unstacked and unmigrated data of three 2D vibroseis profiles which were carried out in October 2013 and all corresponding raw data. The dataset is archived at the GIPP Experiment and Data Archive. The Baza Basin is an intra-mountain evaporitic basin in the Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain). The basin is formed by Pliocene to Pleistocene sediments. It can be distinguished into three lithological zones corresponding to different paleo-environments (Gibert et al., 2007). The inner zone, interpreted as a central saline lake, is dominated by an alternation of gypsum and carbonate laminae. The intermediate zone is characterized by cyclic carbonate beds. This zone is interpreted as a mosaic of shallow lakes surrounding the inner zone. The marginal zone consists of lacustrine deposits which are surrounded by an alluvial belt. In the marginal zone, distal fan deposits and shallow lake sediments alternate as a result of fluctuations in the lake water level which are related to changes in climate (Gibert et al., 2007). Therefore, up to 2.5 km thick lacustrine and ancillary continental deposits are found in this part of the basin which provide an unique archive of climatic changes and paleo-climatic events. The basin is bounded to the West by the Baza fault zone (e.g., Alfaro et al., 2010). There are plans to analyze the sedimentary record of the central zone with regard to the paleo-climaste in the Mediterranean as well as on a global scale within a scientific drilling project. In preparation for future drilling activities, the project BASE (BAza Seismic Experiment) started in the middle of the year 2013 with a duration of 12 month. In the framework of this project, controlled-source seismic measurements were used to investigate the structure of the Baza Basin and to find local zones of neo-tectonic deformation bounding the basin to the west (Baza fault). The aim of the seismic work was to provide structural information for the planned scientific drilling project. The vibroseismic experiments were carried out in the vicinity of Baza during 21st and 29th October 2013. A net of three individual seismic profiles was conducted, each 18 km in length (Figure 1). Two simultaneously operating vibrators were used as source at 301 positions at each profile. The nominal source point spacing was 60 m. The receivers were spread along the active profile in a roll-along configuration with a nominal receiver spacing of 20 m. Depending on the proceeding of the vibrators, groups of receivers were picked up at the end of the spread and were moved to the front. With a total amount of ~340 receivers, an offset range of at least 3 km around the source point was covered during the entire registration of each profile. Additionally to the roll-along receivers at Line 2, 31 fixed recorders were spread with a spacing of 600 m over the full distance of this profile (far-field recordings).
    Keywords: 201312-BASE ; seismic reflection experiment ; Baza Basin ; sedimentary basin ; Betic Codillera ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: SEG-Y data of the near surface active and passive seismic experiments on Bornholm, Denmark, with the aim of investigating the seismic properties of the Alum Shale black shale formation.
    Keywords: 201222 - GASH Bornholm II ; Gas Shales in Europe ; Seismics ; Alum Shale
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: A temporary seismic array was installed in combination with a meteorological station in the Dead Sea valley, Jordan. Within the scope of the HGF virtual institute DESERVE we operated 15 temporary seismic stations between February 2014 and February 2015 together with a nearby meteorological station close to the east coast of the Dead Sea. The main aim was to acquire data to study the influence of wind on seismic records and retrieve related meteorological parameters. The study area is scarcely populated and has ideal meteorological conditions to study periodically occurring winds.
    Keywords: Seismology ; Array ; Noise ; Wind
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , controlled source data
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Seismic Data, including raw, MSEED and SEG-Y files, of the large-scale controlled-source survey in Northern Namibia (Kaokoveld) using combined on- and offshore experiments. Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up as well as the role of hot-spot related magmatism. We conducted combined on- and offshore seismic experiments in Northern Namibia designed to characterize the Southern African passive margin at the interaction with the Walvis Ridge, to assess the interaction of the presumed plume with continental lithosphere and to determine the deep structure of the transition from the coastal fold belt to the stable craton, where the Walvis Ridge hits the African continent. The seismic project integrated three experiments, an onshore, coast-parallel refraction seismic profile, two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic transects, and a combined on- and offshore seismic experiment to image the sub-Moho velocity (Pn tomography) at the ocean-continent transition. The knowledge of the lithospheric structure of the margin together with results from other geoscientific studies (e.g., conducted within the SPP- SAMPLE, DFG Priority Program 1375, South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution) will help to address fundamental questions such as, how continental crust and plume head interact, what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating is, and how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break-up process. Between November 2010 and January 2011, we conducted an extensive seismic experiment in Northern Namiba, in the Kaokoveld. Along 3 seismic lines with a total length of more than 900 km, we deployed 200 seismic sensors and data loggers. The average spacing of the instruments was ~3 km along the coast-parallel line and ~6 km along the other lines, running NE- SW and SE-NW. The data loggers had been equipped with a short-period seismic sensor, recording the vertical ground motion and a battery pack, suitable for continuous data recording of 〉6 weeks. The instruments were placed in shallow holes and covered by sand, leaving the logger surface clear for GPS reception. At the eastern ends of the lines, the instruments were deployed in somewhat hidden places to avoid instrument damage or theft.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: LISPWAL ; geophysics ; controlled-source seismic survey ; onshore ; offshore ; continental margin ; Namibia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024-02-15
    Description: Abstract
    Keywords: 1. Keyword
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 30032896 Bytes
    Format: 3 Datasets
    Format: application/msword
    Format: application/msword
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The seismic array is part of a collaborative international passive-source seismic experiment in the southern Puna (25°S to 28°S) that aims to address fundamental questions on the processes that form, modify and destroy continental lithosphere and control lithospheric dynamics along Andean-type continental margins. The southern Puna is anomalous with respect to the rest of the Andean plateau in having a distinct magmatic and structural history, a large deficit in crustal shortening compared to its elevation and an underlying slab with a transitional dip between a steeper segment to the north and the Chilean flat-slab to the south. With the international project we proposed to test the hypothesis of the lithospheric delamination beneath the southern Puna. The total network consists of 75 seismic stations and has been operated in Argentina and chile for 2 years. The GFZ has contributed 30 stations with EarthData logger (EDL). Sensors include broadband Güralp 3ESP (60 s) and 3T (100 s) and short-period Mark L4 (1 s). Continuous data are freely available on the GEOFON. The US data can be requested from the IRIS.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 490 GB
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The temporary Pollino Seismic Experiment, FDSN network code 4A, monitored the earthquake swarm in the Pollino Range region, Italy, between November 2012 and September 2014. The region is located at the transition from the Southern Apennines chain to the Calabrian arc. Striking a volume of about 20x20x15 km, the swarm started in October 2010, culminated in an Mw=5.2 event on 25 October 2012, and has continued since with a variable rate of activity. The area represents a seismic gap as there are no documented historical M〉6 earthquakes during the last thousand years. The tectonic structures of the area are poorly known. The experiment was part of a collaborative effort made by the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) within the framework of the NERA and CCMP-Pompei projects. The 4A network consisted of 9 stations including 6 short-period and 3 broadband instruments, provided by GFZ. The permanent seismic network was complemented by the 9 GFZ stations and 5 IV stations temporarily installed by INGV. The short-period stations had Mark L-4C3D sensors with EDL digitizers. The broadband stations were equipped with STS2.5 seismometers and RefTek RT130S digitizers. Five short period and one broadband (CSA0 to CSA5) were installed in a small-aperture array in the west of the range. The other three stations (broadband: CSB, CSC and short period: CSD) were installed around the swarm area. The array and the network stations recorded in continuous mode at 200 Hz and at 100 Hz, respectively. The sensors were buried in the ground at 0.5 m depth except for CSB and CSD which were installed on the surface. High-precision station coordinates were obtained by using differential GPS measurements. The data have been used to analyze the earthquakes and seismogenetic structures and to discern the characteristics of the swarm sequence.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approx. 206 GB
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Etendeka continental flood-basalt province in northern Namibia, linked by the Walvis Ridge to the Tristan da Cunha hotspot, has great importance in global plate tectonic concepts, and is an ideal place to understand the role of the plume-lithosphere interaction during the break-up of the Southern Atlantic Ocean. Within this frame we operated an amphibian passive-source seismic network (WALPASS for Walvis Ridge Passive Source Experiment) in the region where the Walvis Ridge intersects with the continental margin of northern Namibia. The land network operated for over two years while the OBS stations were in operation for one year. The broadband seismic network is composed of 28 three-component land stations and 12 ocean-bottom stations. This configuration of stations will allow us to map the lithospheric and upper mantle structure in the ocean-continent transition beneath the passive continental margin of northern Namibia and to examine possible seismic anomalies related to the postulated hotspot track from the continent to the ocean along the Walvis Ridge. The acquired data should help clarify the velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle caused by the Africa super plume and to improve the distribution of seismicity in this geophysically little studied region.
    Keywords: Broadband seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Greater than 720 GB
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Earthquake swarms occur frequently in Vogtland/West Bohemia at the German-Czech border. The link between these earthquakes and magmatic fluids that escape at the surface has been debated and investigated. The Rohrbach/Vogtland seismic array, installed by the University of Potsdam, Germany, was a small-aperture array that monitored the major earthquake swarm in 2008 and the background seismicity between October 16, 2008 and March 18, 2009. The array consisted of 11 stations equipped with MarsLite data loggers and Lennartz Le3D-5s seismometers. Data were recorded in continuous mode at 250 Hz. Sensors were buried in the ground at 0.5 m depth. High-precision station coordinates were obtained using differential GPS measurements. The array data has been used for analyses of earthquakes and seismic structures. Waveform data is fully open.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Germany ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approx. 95 GB
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  • 29
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Toba caldera is located in north Sumatra, Indonesia. It is part of the volcanic arc associated with the subduction of the Australian Plate beneath the Southeast-Asian Plate. The subduction zone, and the Sumatra Fault, a right lateral strike-slip fault which marks the plate boundary, are seismically active. In order to investigate the volcano-related seismic activity and image the volcano related structures (i.e. a potential magma chamber) using ambient noise techniques a dense seismic network was installed around Lake Toba between May and October 2008. The network, deployed within a German-Indonesian cooperation, comprised 42 continuously recording seismic stations equipped with three-component, short-period seismic sensors with 1 Hz natural frequency. The GPS-synchronised data loggers recorded at 100 samples per second for the experiment's time span of 6 months. During this time period local and regional seismicity was recorded. The array of stations covers an area of approx. 150 by 200 km with inter-station distances of about 20 km. The station distribution is quite irregular due to the difficult environmental conditions. Data from all stations are freely available from the GFZ seismological data archive.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 287 GB
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  • 30
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We study deep structures and geodynamic processes in the Tien Shan and Pamir collision zones, central Asia, with passive source seismic experiments in Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. In 2008, a total of 40 seismic stations were deployed predominantly along a 350 km long N-S profile and partly as a sparse 2D seismic network covering an area of 300x300 km of the central Pamir plateau. In 2009, the array was rearranged into a 2D network with higher station density. The proposed scientific tasks to study the crust and upper mantle with seismic methods include (i) teleseismic P and S receiver functions, (ii) shear wave splitting, (iii) location of local earthquakes and waveform inversion for source mechanism, (iv) seismic tomography using local and teleseismic earthquakes, and (v) tomography of surface waves and ambient noise.
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; Monitoring system ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 440 GB
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  • 31
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: GEOFON (GEOFOrschungsNetz) is the global seismological broad-band network operated by the German GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ). The GEOFON seismic network came into being in 1993 as one of the three pillars of the GEOFON program dedicated to Ernst von Rebeur-Paschwitz, proposer of a global earthquake monitoring system, who recorded the first teleseismic seismogram in Potsdam in 1889. The program and its seismic network were created to provide high quality broad-band data for scientific use and foster common standards in the seismological community. The network has evolved towards real-time data acquisition and distribution while keeping the high quality broad-band data in focus. Today the network plays a leading role in global real-time seismology providing valuable data for almost all fundamental and applied global/regional seismological research projects at GFZ and the wider seismological community. The GEOFON network is operated jointly with more than 50 international partners and in 2014 consists of about 80 active stations on all continents, but concentrated in Europe and the Mediterranean region as well as in the Indian Ocean. Station operation is mostly performed by local partners with GFZ guidance and logistic support, allowing the global network to be well-advanced technically while still extremely cost-effective. All stations are equipped with broad-band sensors (generally STS-2) that allow resolution of the complete seismic spectrum from small high-frequency local earthquakes to the largest global earthquakes. Data from all stations are freely redistributed in real-time for earthquake monitoring and tsunami warning centers immediately after acquisition at the GEOFON data centre via wired or satellite links. Archived data is also available. GEOFON is part of the Modular Earth Science Infrastructure (MESI) housed at GFZ.
    Keywords: In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS ; Passive seismic ; Global network ; Permanent ; Velocity ; Seismometers ; MiniSEED ; MESI
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: Approximately 80 active stations; greater than 440MB/day.
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This document is intended to provide basic guidance to researchers who work with digital data as well as all stakeholders with an interest in this issue and also provides advice on sources of further information. It was prepared by the Research Data Working Group in the Priority Initiative “Digital Information” of the Alliance of German Science Organisations.
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The ability of any satellite gravity mission concept to monitor mass transport processes in the Earth system is typically tested well ahead of its implementation by means of various simulation studies. Those studies often extend from the simulation of realistic orbits and instrumental data all the way down to the retrieval of global gravity field solution time-series. Basic requirement for all these simulations are realistic representations of the spatio-temporal mass variability in the different sub-systems of the Earth, as a source model for the orbit computations. For such simulations, a suitable source model is required to represent (i) high-frequency (i.e., subdaily to weekly) mass variability in the atmosphere and oceans, in order to realistically include the effects of temporal aliasing due to non-tidal high-frequency mass variability into the retrieved gravity fields. In parallel, (ii) low-frequency (i.e., monthly to interannual) variability needs to be modelled with realistic amplitudes, particularly at small spatial scales, in order to assess to what extent a new mission concept might provide further insight into physical processes currently not observable. The new source model documented here attempts to fulfil both requirements: Based on ECMWF’s recent atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim and corresponding simulations from numerical models of the other Earth system components, it offers spherical harmonic coefficients of the time-variable global gravity field due to mass variability in atmosphere, oceans, the terrestrial hydrosphere including the ice-sheets and glaciers, as well as the solid Earth. Simulated features range from sub-daily to multiyear periods with a spatial resolution of spherical harmonics degree and order 180 over a period of 12 years. In addition to the source model, a de-aliasing model for atmospheric and oceanic high-frequency variability with augmented systematic and random noise is required for a realistic simulation of the gravity field retrieval process, whose necessary error characteristics are discussed. The documentation of the updated ESA Earth System Model (updated ESM) for gravity mission simulation studies is organized as follows: The characteristics of the updated ESM along with some basic validation is presented in Volume 1. A detailed comparison to the original ESA ESM (Gruber et al., 2011) is provided in Volume 2, while Volume 3 contains the description of a strategy to derive realistic errors for the de-aliasing model of high-frequency mass variability in atmosphere and ocean.
    Language: English
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Der glazial-isostatische Ausgleich in Island infolge des rezenten Abschmelzens der Vatnajökull-Eiskappe wird durch die Viskositätsverteilung im Erdinnern und durch die Details der Abschmelzgeschichte kontrolliert. Interpretationen der Ergebnisse von GPS- und Schweremeßkampagnen im Zeitintervall 1991–2000 bzw. 1992–1999 mit Hilfe lateral homogener Erdmodelle zur Bestimmung der Lithosphärenmächtigkeit, Asthenosphärenmächtigkeit und Asthenosphärenviskosität sind bislang nicht voll zufriedenstellend gewesen. Insbesondere nahe des Eisrandes war die Anpassung der berechneten Landhebung und Schwereänderung an die Beobachtungsdaten nur unzureichend, was mit der Nichtberücksichtigung des Island-Plumes in den lateral homogenen Erdmodellen zusammenhängen kann. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird für die Modellierung der Landhebung und Schwereänderung ein Programmpaket verwendet, daß die Berechnung auflastinduzierter Störungen eines Maxwellviskoelastischen, inkompressiblen, selbstgravitierenden, sphärischen Erdmodells gestattet. Um das Vorhandensein des Plumes unter dem Vatnajökull zu simulieren, wird eine axialsymmetrische Viskositätsverteilung verwendet, wobei der Plumeradius und die Plumeviskosität freie Parameter sind. Basierend auf seismischen Ergebnissen wird über dem Plume eine 6 km mächtige Lithosphäre angenommen, die sich im peripheren Bereich des Plumes auf 35 km verdickt. Die Abschmelzgeschichte des Vatnajökulls beruht auf Interpretationen geomorphologischer und klimatologischer Untersuchungen und wird durch eine mit dem Plume koaxiale Last mit parabolischem Profil und zeitabhängigem Radius simuliert. Die Ergebnisse der Modellierung favorisieren einen Plumeradius von ~ 80 km und eine Plumeviskosität von (0.3–1.0) × 1018 Pa s.
    Language: German
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  • 36
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Die vorliegende Ausgabe des GFZ-Journals „System Erde“ soll einen Einblick in die am GFZ betriebene Forschung zur Seismologie geben.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: [...] In this thesis it is shown that the epoch-differenced ionospheric delay correction is sufficient for estimating the tropospheric delay, e.g., the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD), from SF GPS data. Based on this result, the Satellite-specific Epoch-differenced Ionospheric Delay model (SEID) was developed. In the SEID model the ionospheric corrections for SF data are generated from the observations of surrounding reference stations equipped with DF receivers. With the derived ionospheric corrections and the SF data, pseudo L2 data are generated, which can be processed using existing GPS processing software packages without any changes. [...]
    Language: English
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Wissenschaftliche Projekte produzieren große Mengen an Literatur in Form von Artikeln, Büchern, Buchkapiteln, Dissertationen, Diplomarbeiten. Mitunter ist das Sammeln, Auswerten, Analysieren und Anreichern mit neuen Erkenntnissen von Literatur selbst Teil des Projektauftrags. Nach Abschluss des Projekts versinken diese mit großem Aufwand zusammengetragenen wertvollen fachspezifischen Literatursammlungen häufig und geraten, etwa nach Abschalten der entsprechenden Projektwebseiten, aufgrund mangelnder technischer Ausstattung oder veralteter Datenformate, in Vergessenheit und werden somit interessierten Nachnutzern vorenthalten. Die Bibliothekssuchmaschine ALBERT, ein gemeinsames Produkt des KOBV und der Bibliothek des Wissenschaftsparks Albert Einstein, greift diesen Malus auf und macht Sammlungen von Projektliteratur dauerhaft und normiert verfügbar. So werden abgeschlossene oder auch laufende Projekte per Export in ALBERT integriert und als eigene Kollektion dargestellt. Darüber hinaus bietet ALBERT die Möglichkeit, eine eigene permanente Landing Page zu erstellen, die neben generellen Informationen zum Projekt auch als Quereinstieg für Google und Konsorten dient, wodurch ein weitaus höherer Verbreitungsgrad erzeugt wird. Der meist leicht zu realisierende XML-Export beugt zudem veralteten Datenformaten vor. Der Zugang zur Projektliteratur selbst wird dadurch wesentlich erleichtert und verstetigt. So wird offen zugängliche Literatur im Volltext indexiert und direkt über ALBERT angeboten. Andere Inhalte, die lizensiert sind oder deren Urheberschaft unklar ist, werden in der Bibliothek als gedruckte Kopie vorgehalten und können so eingesehen werden. Aus der Vielfalt der sonstigen erschlossenen Quellen sowie der angebotenen Services in ALBERT kann in Verbindung mit institutsassoziierten Projekten so ein sehr umfassendes und einzigartiges Fachportal entstehen, das sonst verstreute Kollektionen gewinnbringend zusammenführt und vor der digitalen Amnesie bewahrt.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 39
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The seismicity data file used for this study is represented by the earthquake catalogue CENEC for Europe north of 44°N (Grünthal et al. 2009a). This paper describes in detail how this homogeneous data file in terms of moment magnitudes Mw (with Mw greater than 3.5) has been derived. The degree of harmonization achieved in CENEC is quantitatively analysed in Grünthal et al. (2009b).
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR - Data
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The integrated plate boundary in Chile (IPOC) combines 15 broadband stations with strong-motion sensors, GPS, strain sensors and magneto-telluric stations. The Chilean subduction zone setting provides a high background rate of seismicity (crustal, intermediate depth, and plate interface) in a region with exceptionally low ambient noise, particularly at higher frequencies. We have deployed seismic mini-arrays in the vicinity of IPOC stations PB02 and PB07, and installed a third array to the east of these stations near the village of Quillagua, such that all three arrays form a triangle. Each array has 10 elements and an aperture in the km range. The study area lies just to the north of the northern boundary of the rupture area of the Tocopilla earthquake of 2007 Mw=7.7) and just above or slightly to the east of the downdip limit of plate interface seismicity. Installing the mini-arrays in the area of the existing IPOC has the following advantages: • Independent knowledge of background structure and seismicity from existing and ongoing studies. • Should any transients or other unusual signals be found in the array data, we can look for anomalous signals in geodetic and MT recordings, which will help to narrow down possible underlying mechanisms.
    Language: English
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The intention of this article is to present the definitions of different functionals of the Earth's gravity field and possibilities for their approximative calculation from a mathematical representation of the outer potential. [...] More or less, what is compiled here is well-known in physical geodesy but distributed over a lot of articles and books which are not cited here. In the first instance this text is targeted at non-geodesists and it should be "stand-alone readable".
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 43
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) performed a dual-phase scientific drilling project to investigate mountain-building processes called Collisional Orogeny in the Scandinavian Caledonides (COSC). The borehole COSC-1 was drilled through the Lower Seve Nappe, as the first of two 2.5 km deep drill holes close to Åre, central Sweden. The recovered rocks comprise a 1650 m thick suite of high grade gneisses and amphibolites with clear Seve Nappe affinities, while the lower 850 m comprise rather homogenous mylonitic gneisses with interfingered K-rich phyllonite bands of cm to several m size and some intercalated amphibolites. The different lithologies all crosscut the core in a subhorizontal direction with foliation of gneisses and phyllonites in the same direction. Albite and garnet porphyroblasts with pressure shadows show syn-deformational growth and the same sub-horizontal alignment. The focus of this thesis is to detect chemical and mineralogical differences in mylonitic and host rocks and to relate these differences to either metasomatism and deformation or inherited source rock variance. Another goal of this work is to compare chemical core scanning instruments. For this purpose two different μ-Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-EDXRF), Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) and hyperspectral imaging techniques served to measure seven samples from the lower 850 m of the COSC-1 core. The measurements reveal sharp borders between different rock types without indication of metasomatic changes, pointing to a heterogeneous protolith such as greywacke. Element and mineral maps show strong pervasive ductile deformation with mylonite recrystallization. The comparison of the scanning devices shows that the μ-EDXRF scanner with 50 μm resolution can be used perfectly for microstructural investigations and heavy element analysis. The XRF core scanner from AVAATECH is very useful and sufficiently precise for element profiles of line scans. The LIBS scanner is great to create distribution maps of elements from H to U with a resolution of 200 μm. The hyperspectral cameras are extremely fast in acquiring spectral mineral maps and structural information. However, several rock forming minerals in gneisses can currently not be identified and a calibration for metamorphic rocks is still needed.
    Language: English
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The guidebook contains a thematic description an background information for each field day. The overall setting and development of the Saxo-Thuringian zone within the Variscan orogen is presented in Kroner and Romer (2010). This material is not included in this guide book (because of copyright reasons) and will be handed out to field trip participants as separate handout.
    Language: English
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The final report contains a description of the results obtained within a research contract between IRE RAS and GFZ Potsdam during the period April-November 2004. The objectives of investigation included (1) the radio-holographic methods for obtaining vertical profiles of the vertical gradients of physical parameters in the atmosphere, (2) radio holographic methods for atmospheric, ionospheric and stratospheric waves, and (3) validation of the software with GPS/MET (GPS/METeorology, e.g., Rocken et al. 1997) and CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload, e.g., Reigber et al. 2005) data and final report with recommendations.
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-06-19
    Language: German
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  • 47
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Abenteuer Arktis: GFZ-Forschende im Eis
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Language: German
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  • 50
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2021-01-28
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  • 54
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 5: "Pilotstandort Ketzin" (Länge 05:05) "Am Pilotstandort Ketzin in Brandenburg wird seit Juni 2008 erstmals in Deutschland CO2 in unterirdische Gesteinsschichten eingeleitet und gespeichert. ...". Das Überwachungsprogramm für den CO2-Speicher am Pilotstandort Ketzin zählt im internationalen Vergleich zu den modernsten und umfangreichsten. Zentral ist hierbei die Kombination verschiedener Überwachungsmethoden mit jeweils unterschiedlichen zeitlichen und räumlichen Auflösungsvermögen. Welche Methoden werden eingesetzt? Und welche Erkenntnisse gibt es bereits? Produktionsjahr: 2011-2012
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 2: "Geological Conditions and Capacities" (Length 06:00) "Porous rocks with good permeability have, in Germany and world-wide, the highest potential for geological CO2 storage. ..." Where do these rocks occur? And which further criteria need potential CO2 storage sites to meet? Production Year: 2010-2012
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 4: "Speicherüberwachung und Prognose" (Länge 06:54) "Die geologische Speicherung von CO2 hat ein klares Ziel: Die Menge des vom Menschen erzeugten Treibhausgases CO2 zu reduzieren. ..." Hierfür bedarf es der genauen Überwachung eines CO2-Speichers, denn Sicherheit und Schutz von Mensch, Tier und Ökosystem stehen dabei an erster Stelle. Welche Überwachungsmethoden für CO2-Speicher stehen zur Verfügung? Produktionsjahr: 2010-2012
    Language: German
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    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 08 Beschreibung folgt. Produktionsjahr: 2010-2012
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Late Miocene to Quaternary volcanic rocks from the frontal arc to the back-arc region of the Central Volcanic Zone in the Andes show a wide range of delta 11B values (+4 to -7 ‰) and boron concentrations (6 to 60 ppm). Positive delta 11B values of samples from the volcanic front indicate involvement of a 11B-enriched slab component, most likely derived from altered oceanic crust, despite the thick Andean continental lithosphere, and rule out a pure crust-mantle origin for these lavas. The delta 11B values and B concentrations in the lavas decrease systematically with increasing depth of the Wadati-Benioff Zone. This across-arc variation in delta 11B values and decreasing B/Nb ratios from the arc to the back-arc samples are attributed to the combined effects of B-isotope fractionation during progressive dehydration in the slab and a steady decrease in slab-fluid flux towards the back arc, coupled with a relatively constant degree of crustal contamination as indicated by similar Sr, Nd and Pb isotope ratios in all samples. Modelling of fluid-mineral B-isotope fractionation as a function of temperature fits the across-arc variation in delta 11B and we conclude that the B-isotope composition of arc volcanics is dominated by changing delta 11B composition of B-rich slab-fluids during progressive dehydration. Crustal contamination becomes more important towards the back-arc due to the decrease in slab-derived fluid flux. Because of this isotope fractionation effect, high delta 11B signatures in volcanic arcs need not necessarily reflect differences in the initial composition of the subducting slab. Three-component mixing calculations for slab-derived fluid, the mantle wedge and the continental crust based on B, Sr and Nd isotope data indicate that the slab-fluid component dominates the B composition of the fertile mantle and that the primary arc magmas were contaminated by an average addition of 15 to 30 % crustal material.
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Sonderveröffentlichungen
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 9th TRACE conference (Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology) was organized by the Institute for Forest Growth, University of Freiburg, on April 22nd – 25th 2010 in Freiburg, Germany. [...] This volume of TRACE Proceedings contains 26 short papers and gives an overview of the wide spectrum of fields in tree-ring research.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The GeoDataNode project, funded by the Federal Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) conducted a survey of data management practices at GFZ. The aim was to assess the state of current practices and needs, and their alignment to institutional and national guidelines for data management. The target audience included scientific and technical employees at all levels. A response rate of 24% of the target demographic was achieved. The survey revealed a general need for improvement and structuring of research data handling. This includes provision of adequate storage space, back-up schedules, and the familiarization of young researchers with good scientific practice.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The striking improvements in long- to medium-wavelengths gravity field recovery achieved with GPS-CHAMP and GPS-GRACE high-low and GRACE K-band range low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking prompted us to combine the satellite data with surface data from altimetry over the oceans and gravimetry over the continents to generate a new, high resolution global gravity field model: EIGEN-CG01C. The model is complete to degree/order 360 in terms of spherical harmonics and resolves half-wavelengths of 55 km in the geoid and gravity anomaly fields. A special band-limited combination method has been applied in order to preserve the high accuracy from the satellite data in the lower frequency band of the geopotential and to allow for a smooth transition to the high-frequency band, dominated by the surface data. Compared to pre-CHAMP/GRACE global high-resolution gravity field models, the accuracy was improved by one order of magnitude to 4 cm and 0.5 mgal in terms of geoid heights and gravity anomalies, respectively, at a spatial resolution of 200 km half-wavelength. The overall accuracy at degree/order 360 is estimated to be 20 cm and 5 mgal, respectively, and benefits significantly from recently released new gravity anomaly compilations over the polar regions. In general, the accuracy over the oceans is better than over the continents reflecting the higher quality of the available surface data.
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Film 5: "Ketzin Pilot Site" (Length 05:05) "At the Ketzin pilot site in Brandenburg, Germany, CO2 has been injected into an underground storage formation since June, 2008. ...". The monitoring methods used at the pilot site Ketzin are among the most comprehensive in the field of CO2 storage worldwide. Important is the combination of different monitoring methods, each with different temporal and spatial resolutions. Which methods are used? And what have we already learned? Production Year: 2011-2012
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 1: "Forschung für den Klimaschutz" (Länge 03:59) "Es steht außer Zweifel, dass der Mensch durch den Ausstoß von Treibhausgasen wie z.B. CO2 für die Klimaveränderungen auf der Erde mit verantwortlich ist. ..." Fakt ist, dass mit der Industrialisierung der CO2-Gehalt in der Atmosphäre weit über die Höchstwerte der vergangenen hunderttausende von Jahren stieg. Warum ist die geologische CO2-Speicherung neben dem Senken des Energieverbrauchs, dem Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien und der effizienteren Nutzung der Energie eine der Möglichkeiten, der weiteren Anreicherung von CO2 in der Atmosphäre entgegen zu wirken? Produktionsjahr: 2010-2012
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 2: "Geologische Voraussetzungen und Kapazitäten" (Länge 06:00) "Poröse Gesteinsschichten mit guter Durchlässigkeit sind in Deutschland, aber auch weltweit, die wichtigste geologische Speichermöglichkeit für CO2. ..." Wo kommen diese Gesteinsschichten vor? Und welchen weiteren Kriterien müssen potenzielle CO2-Speicher genügen? Produktionsjahr: 2010-2012
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Geologische Speicherung von CO2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Film 3: "Rückhaltemechanismen" (Länge 04:31) "... Um die Reduktionsziele zu erreichen, muss das CO2 dauerhaft im Untergrund bleiben. Für sorgfältig ausgewählte Speicherstandorte sind keine Leckagen zu erwarten. ..." Es gibt verschiedene natürliche Rückhaltemechanismen, die auf unterschiedlichen Zeitskalen dafür sorgen, dass das CO2 zunehmend im Speicher gebunden wird. Um welche Mechanismen handelt es sich hierbei und wie funktionieren sie? Produktionsjahr: 2010-2012
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: Die im Norddeutschen Becken vorkommenden hochsalinaren, heißen Tiefenwässer besitzen ein beträchtliches Wärmepotential, das bisher in Neustadt-Glewe, Neubrandenburg und Waren zur Energiegewinnung genutzt wird. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit bestand zum einen darin, die Herkunft und die Genese dieser Solen und der in ihnen gelösten Stoffe zu rekonstruieren. Ein zweiter Schwerpunkt bestand in der Ermittlung geochemischer Parameter, die für einen problemlosen Langzeitbetrieb geothermischer Anlagen und somit für deren Wirtschaftlichkeit von Bedeutung sind. Die untersuchten Solen stammten aus Aquiferen, die durch fünf Bohrungen (Neubrandenburg, Waren, Rheinsberg, Neustadt-Glewe, Hamburg-Allermöhe) in Tiefen von 1250 bis 3250 m (54 bis l28°C) erschlossen wurden. Alle untersuchten Na-Cl-Solen wurden aus Sandsteinaquiferen des Keuper (Contorta!Postera-Schichten) gefördert, für die mit zunehmender Tiefe steigende TDS-Gehalte (134 bis 224 g/1) charakteristisch sind. Die Zusammensetzung der gelösten Feststoffe blieb über einen Zeitraum von 3 Jahren konstant. Die Br/CJ-Verhältnisse der Solen sind kleiner als in eingedampftem Meerwasser. Dies und 811B-Werte von +23.8 %o bis +36.3 %o indizieren die Herkunft des Salzgehaltes durch Auflösung/Laugung von Salzen. Das Gas-Wasser-Volumenverhältnis in Proben geothermisch genutzter Solen liegt bei max. 1:10. Die Gasphase wird von C02, N2 und CH4 dominiert, wobei der Gehalt an C02 und CH4 mit der Tiefe zunimmt. Als Spurengase treten He, Ar, H2 und weitere Kohlenwasserstoffe auf (jeweils 〈1 Vol.-%). Die Gasphase des Thermalwassers Neustadt-Giewe zeigte über einen Zeitraum von 2 Jahren keine Änderung in ihrer Zusammensetzung. Periodische Schwankungen in sehr kleinen Konzentrationsbereichen während einer mehrtägigen Gasmeßkampagne korrelieren mit den Erdgezeiten. Die N2-Ar-He-Verhältnisse zeigen, daß es sich um tiefzirkulierende Oberflächenwässer handelt. Untermauert wird diese Interpretation durch die sehr niedrigen 3HefHe-Verhältnisse (R!Ra:S;O.Ol), die keine Mantelheliumkomponente anzeigen, sowie die gegenüber Luft (295.5) leicht erhöhten 40 Ar/36 Ar-Verhältnisse von bis zu 367.5. He-Akkumulationsalter als scheinbare Verweildauer der Solen von 20 bis 50 Ma wurden berechnet. Das Tiefenwasser von NeustadtGiewe besaß gegenüber den anderen Lokationen erhöhte Kohlenwasserstoffgehalte. Die 813C1,2,3- Werte weisen auf thermogenetische Kohlenwasserstoffe und auf ein marines Ausgangsmaterial mit einer Reife, die einer Vitrinitreflektion von etwa 1.2 % entspricht, hin. Die Herkunft aus Corgreichen Zechstein-Sedimenten ist wahrscheinlich, organisches Material des wesentlich tiefer liegenden Karbons scheidet als Quelle aus. Die 8180- und öD-Werte der Wässer zeigen an, daß meteorisches Wasser bei der Genese eine bedeutende Rolle gespielt hat. Die ermittelte isatopische Zusammensetzung der meteorischen Komponente weicht von heutigen Niederschlagswässern ab und weist einen letztmaligen Kontakt mit der Atmosphäre zu einer Zeit deutlich wärmeren Klimas als das heutige nach. Die in einem Thermalwasser vorhandenen Gase können die technologische Eignung der Sole und den Betrieb einer geothermischen Anlage maßgeblich beinflussen (Scaling, Auftreten brennbarer Gase, Entlösung von Gasen). Bei Vorhandensein Corg-reicher Sedimente nimmt die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Auftretens brennbarer Gase in Wässern aus größerer Tiefe, die durch ihre höhere Temperatur wirtschaftlicher sind, zu. Um die Entgasung eines Tiefenwassers innerhalb einer Anlage zu verhindem und somit Scaling und unkontrolliertes Entgasen zu minimieren, wurde anhand Literaturdaten exemplarisch für den Thermalwasserkreislauf der Anlage Neustadt-Giewe (Sole mit den höchsten Gasgehalten) ein Mindestanlagendruck berechnet. Danach sind etwa 2 bar ausreichend, um ein Entgasen der Sole zu verhindern; Strömungseffekte erfordern jedoch eine Erhöhung des Anlagendrucks auf etwa 4 bar. Die zeitliche Konstanz in der Zusammensetzung der gelösten Feststoffe und der Gasphase über einen Zeitraum von 2 bzw. 3 Jahren zeugt von einer relativ großen räumlichen Homogenität der Aquifere, wodurch der Betrieb der Anlagen durch Änderungen in der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Solen kaum gefährdet zu sein scheint. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Arbeit haben gezeigt, daß sowohl bei der hydrodynamischen Vorerkundung als auch während des Betriebes eines geothermischen Heizwerkes die genaue Kenntnis der Gasmengen und der Gaszusammensetzung von entscheidender Bedeutung ist.
    Description: Deep seated hydrothermal brines in the North German Basin have a considerable heat potential, which is currently used for geothermal energy recovery in Neustadt-Glewe, Neubrandenburg and Waren. One aim of this study was to reconstruct the origin of these brines and their dissolved substances. Another goalwas to determine geochemical parameters which are critically influence the long-term operation, and hence the econornic viability of geothermal plants. The brines come from aquifers which have been accessed by 5 boreholes (Neubrandenburg, Waren, Rheinsberg, Neustadt-Glewe, Hamburg-Allermöhe) in depths from 1250 to 3250 m (54 to 128 °C). All investigated Na-Cl-brines were produced from sandstone aquifers of the Keuper (Contorta!Postera layers). Typically, TDS-values (134 to 224 g/1) increase with depth. The compositions of the dissolved solids were constant during 3 years. The Br/Cl ratios of the brines are lower than evaporated sea water. This, and 811B-values of +23.8 %o up to +36.3 %o indicate dissolution/leaching of salt as the origin of the salt content. The gas-water volume ratio of samples from brines used for geothermal energy recovery are less than around 1:10. The gas phase is dorninated by C02, N2 and C~ with higher C02- and C~ contents with increasing depths. He, Ar, H2 and other hydrocarbons exist as traces ( 〈1 vol.% each). The gas phase of the thermal water from Neustadt-Giewe showed no changes in its composition during 2 years. Small · periodical variations in the concentrations obtained from gas monitaring over several days correlate with the earth tides. The N2-Ar-He ratios show that the waters are deep-circulating meteoric waters. This interpretation is supported by very low 3HefHe ratios (R!Ra:S;O.Ol), which show no mantle helium, and 40 ArP6 Ar ratios up to 367.5, which are slightly enhanced compared to air (295.5). He accumulation ages, taken as the apparent residence time of the brines, were calculated to be 20 to 50 Ma. Compared to the other locations the formation water from Neustadt-Giewe contained enhanced hydrocarbon contents. The 813C1,2,3 values point to thermogenic hydrocarbons and to a marine source rock with a maturity corresponding to about 1.2 % vitrinite reflectivity. An origin from Corg-rich Zechstein sediments seems probable, organic material from significantly deeper-seated Carboniferous formations can be ruled out. The 8180 and ÖD values of the waters confirm that meteoric water played an important role in the brine genesis. The determined isotopic composition of the meteoric component deviates from recent precipitation and indicates a last contact with the atmosphere at a time when climate conditions were significantly warmer than today. Gases dissolved in thermal waters can significantly affect both the technological suitability of a brine and the operation of a geothermal heat plant (scaling, degassing, occurence of flammable gases). If Corg-rich sedimentary rocks occur, the probability of the occurence of flammable gases increases in waters from larger depths, which are more economic due to their higher temperature. The pressure needed to prevent degassing inside a plant and thus to rninirnize scaling and uncontrolled degassing was calculated for the example of the thermal water cycle at Neustadt-Giewe (brine with the highest gas content). About 2 bars are sufficient to prevent degassing; however, flow effects require increasing the pressure up to about 4 bars. The constant composition of both the dissolved solids and gases over a period of 2 to 3 years is a sign of a relatively large spatial uniformity of the aquifers. Therefore the continuous operation of the plants seems unlikely to be endangered by a change in the chernical composition of the brines. The results of this study have shown that during the hydrodynarnic reconnaissance as weil as during the operation of a geothermal heat plant, precise knowlegde of the gas concentration is of essential importance.
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Language: German
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    In:  ESKP-Themenspezial: Vulkanismus
    Publication Date: 2021-04-18
    Description: Was wissen wir über Vulkane im Meer und an Land? Wie kann man sich vor ihnen schützen? Verändern sie das Klima? In unserem großen Themenspezial gehen wir diesen spannenden Forschungsfragen nach.
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Language: English
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The purpose of this study is to refine the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Vanuatu. The analysis is complicated by inconsistencies of the global and local data for the investigated region and systematic inadequacies of the attenuation relation available. An additional aspect in the field of which more research would be desirable is the de-clustering algorithm for the identification of dependent earthquakes. In order to quantify the inevitable uncertainties associated with our results, we used a Logic Tree approach. The report is subdivided into seven chapters. Chapter 2 summarises the geology and tectonic setting of the Vanuatu island arc. Prior scientific investigations will be sketched briefly and to the degree to which they are relevant for our further considerations. The consecutive Chapter 3 describes the different data sources used for the calculations. Together, the local earthquake catalogue provided by the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le D´eveloppement) and the global catalogues constitute a comprehensive data base for the region. The homogenisation of different catalogues required the conversion of magnitudes through maximum likelihood regressions. Chapter 4 gives a brief overview over the methodological concept applied. The implementation of the Cornell methodology involves two key steps: The first step is to construct a seismicity model (Chapter 5) including the definition of source zones and seismicity parameters characterising the level and type of activity in the respective zone. The second step is to determine an appropriate attenuation relation for the earthquake-generated ground motion in dependence of magnitude and distance. Chapter 6 compares several attenuation relations from the recent geophysical literature. We argue that the modeling of attenuation is the weakest link in this analysis and the major source of uncertainty. The new seismic hazard maps are presented and discussed in Chapter 7. The map that we consider to be the most relevant is also shown on the inner title page of this report. Our findings indicate that the seismic hazard in Vanuatu has been underestimated by prior assessments such as the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Programme GSHAP (cf. Fig. 1.1).
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This manual outlines the characteristics and structure of the software and describes how to use the software. The principles and new features are outlined systematically and referred partly to existing references. Numerical examples of multi-functions and internal tests as well as external comparisons are given.
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-07-28
    Description: We review the historical, geological, tide-gauge, GPS and gravimetric evidence advanced in favour of or against continuing land uplift around Hudson Bay, Canada. After this, we reanalyse the tide-gauge and GPS data for Churchill using longer time series than those available to previous investigators. The dependence of the mean rate of relative sea-level change obtained on the length and mid-epoch of the observation interval considered is investigated by means of the newly developed linear-trend analysis diagram. For studying the shorter-period variability of the tide-gauge record, the continuous-wavelet transform is used. The mean rate of land uplift obtained from GPS is based on a new analysis using IGS solutions of GFZ. Furthermore, sea-level indicators from the Churchill region representing the relative sea-level history during the past 8000 a are included. Finally, the four types of observable are jointly inverted in terms of mantle viscosity. The optimum values are 3×10^20 Pa s and 1.6 × 10^22 Pa s for the upper- and lower-mantle viscosities, respectively.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-07
    Description: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Quantifizierung von Modalbeständen magmatischer Gesteine anhand ihrer Infrarot-Spektren, basierend auf einer spektralen Einzelmineralanalyse. Dazu wurde eine neue, modellbasierte, spektrale Entmischungsmethode entwickelt. Diese Methode basiert auf reflexionsspektroskopischen Messungen im thermalen Infrarot von 8 - 14 μm, da in diesem Wellenlängenbereich silikatische Minerale und damit auch magmatische Gesteine ihre stärksten Spektralmerkmale (Reststrahlenbanden) aufweisen. Als Grundlage dienten Gesteinsproben des präkambrischen Gesteinskomplex Mt. Timna in Südisrael, der sich aus verschiedenen granitoiden Gesteinen und einer ultrabasischen Gesteinseinheit zusammensetzt. Die hier vorgestellte Arbeit entstand im Zusammenhang mit vorbereitenden Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung neuer Analysemethoden für einen neuen hyperspektralen Thermalsensors (ARES), der ab 2005 vom GFZ und dem DLR operationell betrieben werden soll.
    Language: German
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: Der glazio-isostatische Ausgleich in Island als Folge des Abschmelzens der größten europäischen Eiskappe, dem Vatnajökull, verursacht zeitliche Änderungen der Schwere und Landhebung. Nach Auswertung der Schweredaten zeigt sich ein charakteristisches Verhalten. Die Schwereänderungsrate beträgt ca. -4 mikroGal/a am Eisrand (50 km Entfernung vom Eiszentrum)und ca. 1 mikroGal/a in Höfn (75 km Entfernung vom Eiszentrum). In größeren Entfernungen vom Eiszentrum (150 bis 250 km) werden die Raten kleiner als 1 mikroGal/a und nähern sich schließlich Null. Vorwärtsmodellierung liefert eine Lithosphärenmächtigkeit von 10 bis 15 km. Die Asthenosphärenviskosität ist 3 x 1017 bis 1 x 1018 Pa s. Diese Werte bestätigen frühere Resultate aus GPS-, seismischen und theoretischen Untersuchungen. Eine deutlich bessere Anpassung an die Meßdaten ergibt sich für erhöhte Asthenosphäremächtigkeit (165 bis 170km). Vermutlich reflektiert dies die spezielle Lage Islands oberhalb eines Plumes.
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Die vorliegende Untersuchung befaßt sich mit dem Einfluß des durch die letzte pleistozänen Enteisung hervorgerufenen glazial-isostatischen Ausgleichs auf die rezente Meeresspiegeländerung. Diese Änderung kann sowohl durch Satellitenaltimetrie als auch durch Pegelmessungen bestimmt werden.
    Language: German
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: This report is also published as Scientific Report No. 04-9 of the Danish Meteorological Institute.
    Language: English
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    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-07-25
    Description: Die Arbeit untersucht die Möglichkeiten einer Anwendung der Aerogravimetrie bei der Schwerefeldberechnung. Aus fluggestützten Messungen werden Schwerestörungen berechnet, die der Bestimmung regionaler Geoidlösungen dienen. Zunächst wird das Messgerät und seine Funktionsweise erläutert. Anschließend werden drei Verfahren zur Geoidberechnung verglichen, die sich unterschiedlicher Konzepte bedienen: ein Integralverfahren mit abgewandeltem Stokes-Kern, die schwerpunktmäßig behandelte Methode der Multipole sowie das Kollokationsverfahren. Im Gegensatz zum Intergralverfahren arbeiten die Verfahren der Multipole sowie das der Kollokation ohne eine Feldfortsetzung nach unten. Im praktischen Teil der Arbeit werden die Verfahren auf den CHICAGO-Datensatz angewendet, der im Herbst 2002 in Südchile gemessen wurde. Die Genauigkeit sowohl der Messwerte als auch die der Geoidlösungen wird durch einen Vergleich mit unabhängigen Daten untersucht. Es stellt sich heraus, dass alle Verfahren im Rahmen der Genauigkeit zu akzeptablen Lösungen führen. Außerdem wird festgestellt, dass für niedrige Flughöhen der Einfluss der Feldfortsetzung vernachlässigt werden kann.
    Language: German
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Description: In this thesis the subduction zone of the Central Andes is studied. The Andes have formed in a complex interplay of subduction related and tectonic processes. The Central Andes with the associated Altiplano-Puna high plateau constitute the second largest continental land-mass on earth, rivaled only by the Tibetan highland. Whereas in the case of the Himalayas , where two buoyant continental plates collide, crustal thickening and uplift is quite intuitive, processes leading to formation of a plateau above a subduction zone are puzzling.
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2021-08-08
    Language: German
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up as well as the role of hot-spot related magmatism. We conducted combined on- and offshore seismic experiments in Northern Namibia designed to characterize the Southern African passive margin at the interaction with the Walvis Ridge, to assess the interaction of the presumed plume with continental lithosphere and to determine the deep structure of the transition from the coastal fold belt to the stable craton, where the Walvis Ridge hits the African continent. The seismic project integrated three experiments, (A) an onshore, coast-parallel refraction seismic profile, (B) two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic transects, and (C) a combined on- and offshore seismic experiment to image the sub-Moho velocity (Pn tomography) at the ocean-continent transition (Fig. 1). The knowledge of the lithospheric structure of the margin together with results from other geoscientific studies (e.g., conducted within the SPPSAMPLE, DFG Priority Program 1375, South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution) will help to address fundamental questions such as, how continental crust and plume head interact, what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating is, and how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break-up process.
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Techncial Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This thesis summarizes the results of the WSM project’s second phase (1996‐2008). In particular it presents the major achievements that have been accomplished with the WSM 2008 database release that has been compiled under the guidance of the author. Furthermore, the thesis briefly presents three of the author’s numerical models that aim at quantification the temporal changes of the crustal stress field.
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This publication is a result of the 12th TRACE conference (Tree Rings in Archaeology, Climatology and Ecology) organized by the Department of Agriculture, Forests, Nature and Energy (DAFNE) of the Università della Tuscia (Viterbo, Italy) on May 08th – 11th 2013 in Viterbo, Italy. [...] A total of 20 manuscripts were submitted. After review 19 short papers are published in this volume, giving an overview of the wide spectrum of fields in tree-ring research.
    Language: English
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: [...] In context of this work, a new damage mechanism is proposed: the mechanically induced fracture face skin. This new mechanism results from mechanical interactions between the proppants and the reservoir rock, due to the increasing stress on the rock-proppant system during production. Proppant embedment into the fracture face and proppant crushing leads to fines production and can impair the fracture performance. In order to achieve sustainable, longterm productivity from a reservoir, it is indispensable to understand the hydraulic and mechanical interactions in the rock-proppant system. In order to analyse the hydraulic and mechanical interactions, laboratory experiments using three different flow cells were conducted. These flow cells were used to localise and quantify the mechanical damage at the fracture face, as well as to investigate the long-term stability of a rock-proppant system under in-situ reservoir conditions. [...]
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This thesis focuses on the seismic structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the western Eger Rift area with the aim of investigating deep-lying possible causes of the phenomena observed at surface. For the investigation, data of the international passive seismic experiment BOHEMA carried out in 2002/2003 was used. The BOHEMA network consisted of 61 permanent and 84 temporary stations and was centred on the western Eger Rift. The resulting large data set allowed a high resolution P and S receiver function study using P-to-S and S-to-P converted waves, respectively, to map seismic discontinuities in the lithosphere and upper mantle. Data from an earlier passive seismic experiment was additionally used to complement the BOHEMA data set. The results of the analysis are described in this thesis ‘from top to bottom’. [...] Furthermore, the first map of average crustal vp/vs ratios is presented for the investigated area.
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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  • 90
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: As observed on the Earth's surface, the magnetic field can be separated into three components: The "Main Field", the "Crustal Field" and the "External Magnetic Field". This work concentrates on the magnetospheric current systems, in order to correct the effect of large-scale magnetospheric current systems. Their exact knowledge is vital to improve the main field and secular variation models. Spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) is commonly used to describe the magnetic field. In SHA it is possible to distinguish between internal and external contributions to the Earth's magnetic field. The spherical harmonic coefficients describe dipolar, quadrupolar and higher parts in spherical coordinates. Here, CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) measurements are used. Due to the inclination CHAMP is changing the orbit in local time. From time to time CHAMP is flying in resonance with the Earth's rotation, i.e. the satellite is flying over the same ground track after a couple of days. To model changes during a period of a few days these so called "repeat tracks" are very helpful for an improved main field/external field model. On the Earth's surface the magnetic effect of magnetospheric currents is often characterised by the DST-indix. In this study, it is explained how a possible constitution of the external sources of the geomagnetic field can look like and how the effect of these magnetospheric currents can be corrected in main field modelling.
    Language: English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The 2014 LoNNe (Loss of the Night Network) intercomparison campaign is the third of four campaigns planned during EU COST Action ES1204. This report provides a brief synopsis of the campaign and its preliminary outcomes. Section 2 describes the measurement locations, the activities of the participants, the instruments used, and the environmental conditions. Section 3 describes a public outreach event held during the campaign. Section 4 provides some preliminary results, outlines the ongoing analyses, and presents research questions for the next campaign to address. Section 5 provides recommendations for the final LoNNe intercomparison campaign in 2016. Section 6 concludes the report.
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German , English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The paper consists of two main elements: (1) the creation of a harmonized seismicity data file for the eastern Mediterranean area and the generation of a classical timeindependent PSHA, and (2) the extension of the earthquake model of the timeindependent approach to a newly developed time‐dependent PSHA and the comparison with the results of (1).
    Language: English
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: The ability of any satellite gravity mission concept to monitor mass transport processes in the Earth system is typically tested well ahead of its implementation by means of various simulation studies. Those studies often extend from the simulation of realistic orbits and instrumental data all the way down to the retrieval of global gravity field solution time-series. Basic requirement for all these simulations are realistic representations of the spatio-temporal mass variability in the different sub-systems of the Earth, as a source model for the orbit computations. For such simulations, a suitable source model is required to represent (i) high-frequency (i.e., sub-daily to weekly) mass variability in the atmosphere and oceans, in order to realistically include the effects of temporal aliasing due to non-tidal high-frequency mass variability into the retrieved gravity fields. In parallel, (ii) low-frequency (i.e., monthly to interannual) variability needs to be modelled with realistic amplitudes, particularly at small spatial scales, in order to assess to what extent a new mission concept might provide further insight into physical processes currently not observable. The new source model documented here attempts to fulfil both requirements: Based on ECMWF’s recent atmospheric reanalysis ERA-Interim and corresponding simulations from numerical models of the other Earth system components, it offers spherical harmonic coefficients of the time-variable global gravity field due to mass variability in atmosphere, oceans, the terrestrial hydrosphere including the ice-sheets and glaciers, as well as the solid Earth. Simulated features range from sub-daily to multiyear periods with a spatial resolution of spherical harmonics degree and order 180 over a period of 12 years. In addition to the source model, a de-aliasing model for atmospheric and oceanic high-frequency variability with augmented systematic and random noise is required for a realistic simulation of the gravity field retrieval process, whose necessary error characteristics are discussed. The documentation is organized as follows: The characteristics of the updated ESM along with some basic validation are presented in Volume 1 of this report (Dobslaw et al., 2014). A detailed comparison to the original ESA ESM (Gruber et al., 2011) is provided in Volume 2 (Bergmann-Wolf et al., 2014), while Volume 3 (Forootan et al., 2014) contains a description of the strategy to derive a realistically noisy de-aliasing model for the high-frequency mass variability in atmosphere and oceans. The files of the updated ESA Earth System Model for gravity mission simulation studies are accessible at DOI:10.5880/GFZ.1.3.2014.001.
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This study represents the first investigating potential kinematic boundary conditions for subduction erosion in a systematic manner. For the subduction erosional process, the aperture at the box's rear, which allowed rearward material loss, was shown to have the largest influence on obtained results. If the amount of material leaving the system was larger than the amount of material subducted at the wedge's toe, the margin evolved as erosional. We found the surface slope to be the second important parameter, which strongly controls the amount of basally eroded material.
    Language: English
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Language: German
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: This short report describes the first attempt at obtaining a preliminary cross-border risk model for Central Asia starting from datasets that were already available at the beginning of the EMCA Project.
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    In:  Scientific Technical Report STR
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Understanding the climate system and the natural processes that lead to its changes is fundamental when trying to evaluate and assess the human influence on climate variability. Human activities characterised most of the Holocene time period, so that palaeoclimate sequences of the last 8,000 years recorded both climate change and human impact. In order to study natural climate variability, we have to investigate past interglacial climate records, when human impact was none. Amongst many palaeoclimate archives, lacustrine varved sequences are invaluable records that allow high resolution palaeoclimate reconstruction. The interglacial lake deposits of Piànico (Southern Alps) consist of ca 15,500 biochemically precipitated calcite varves. The goal of my research is the sedimentological, geochemical and isotopical study at seasonal/decadal resolution of climate variability as recorded in this sequence. The chronology obtained from varve counting constitutes a floating chronology of an interglacial period; the recovery of two tephra layers allowed to fix the floating chronology to the interglacial centred at 400 ka BP, thus corresponding to MIS 11. I studied the upper 5,900 varves at seasonal resolution, using a multi proxy approach. The thickness of summer layers is the proxy for productivity and spring-summer temperature, whereas detrital layers indicate extreme precipitation events; δ18O has been used as a proxy for temperature and/or air masses circulation. I developed a new sampling technique for isotope analyses, in order to ensure the sampling of endogenic calcite, avoiding detrital contamination; this method also allowed me to quantify the effect of Triassic dolomite in bulk carbonate samples. The 15.5 ka of interglacial conditions in Piànico are characterised by short-term climate change. At least four rapid climatic oscillations and a climatic deterioration at the very end of the 15,500 years are recorded. The main climatic oscillation is a 1000 years long cold period that took place after ca 10,000 years of interglacial conditions. This type of climate oscillation has not been recorded in the Holocene yet. This implies that, so far, the Holocene has not experienced all the possible range of interglacial climate changes.
    Language: English
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