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  • 1
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    The role of historical-archaeological sources integrated into the GIS environment with geological and geophysical data in the mitigation of geological risks in some urban areas (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: Numerous geological risks characterise urban areas, one of the most undervalued of which is the sinkhole risk connected to underground cavities. In the Lazio Region, the subsoil of many beautiful art cities like Rieti and Viterbo is rich in underground cavities, mainly anthropogenic because of their thousand-year history and the geological substrate’s peculiar characteristics. These cavities have very different ages and types, the oldest dates back to the Etruscan and Archaic times. However, their excavation continued uninterrupted during the Roman and Medieval times until the Second World War, when many were readapted as bomb shelters. An interdisciplinary approach that combines geological and geotechnical aspects integrated by geophysics with historical and archaeological data in a GIS project can allow an efficient census of these cavities, defining not only their morphology and their functions but also hypothesising their continuation in unexplored or collapsed traits. Such a census is indispensable to estimate and, therefore, mitigate the sinkhole’s risk and better define risk, including the seismic response of a subsoil articulated and altered by many levels of underground cavities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50-57
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Historical cartography ; GIS ; sinkhole ; anthropic cavities ; geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Advances in On- and Offshore Archaeological Prospection (2024)
    Universitätsverlag Kiel | Kiel University Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The publication at hand are the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Archaeological Prospection held between March 28 and April 1, 2023, in Kiel, Germany - as part of ROOTS cluster of excellence. The content of the articles ranges from local to large-scale case studies all over the world and from various archaeological times, over methodological improvements, new processing and visualization techniques to a special session on marine and wetland prospection. Thus, the collection of articles summarizes the state of the art of prospection methods for on- and offshore archaeological investigations.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: archaeological prospection ; archaeology ; geophysics ; remote sensing ; subsurface imaging ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology::NKX Archaeological science, methodology and techniques ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Serrahn - Level 1 (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The SG site “Serrahn” is located in the TERENO Observatory in the nort-eastern German lowlands. The observatory contributes to investigating the regional impact of climate and land use change. At the IGETS site Serrahn, the mean annual temperature is 8.8 °C and mean annual precipitation is 591 mm. The land cover is mainly characterized as a mixed forest, dominated by European beech and Scots pine. Influenced by the last glaciation in an outwash close to the terminal morraine, the uppermost soil layer of the site consists of aeolian sands up to a depth of 450 cm, followed by coarser sandy material with intercalated till layers. The unconfined groundwater level is at about 14 m below surface. There is hardly any human activity (e.g., traffic) at this quiet forest site. The nearest town is Neustrelitz at a distance of 5 km. Since December 2017, the superconducting gravimeter iGrav-033 is operated outdoors at this forest location (Latitude: 53.3392 N, Longitude: 13.17413 E, Elevation: 79.60 m). The gravimeter is installed in a dedicated field enclosure on top of a concrete pillar with an area of 1.1 m x 1.1 m at an elevation of 0.80 m above the terrain surface. The pillar has been build to a depth of 2.00 m below the surface. One additional pillar (also 1.1 m x 1.1 m, at surface level) is located right next to the iGrav installation and is used for repeated observations with absolute gravimeters (AG). At the site, meteorological (precipitation, air temperature, humidity, air pressure) and hydrological (groundwater, soil moisture, sapflow, throughfall) parameters are monitored by different sensors. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second intervals and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products to the IGETS network.
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; environment 〉 geophysical environment ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GRAVITY STATIONS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SGO ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Gravimeters 〉 SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVIMETER ; science 〉 geography 〉 geodesy
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 4
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    Minimum 1D Vp and Vp/Vs Models and Hypocentral Determinations in the Central Mediterranean Area (2023)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-01
    Description: Minimum 1D velocity models and station corrections have been computed for the central Mediterranean area using two main data sets. The first one consists of accurate first arrival‐time readings from 103 seismic events with magnitude (ML)≥3.5 recorded by the Italian National Seismic Network (RSN) and the AlpArray Seismic Network (AASN) in the period 2014–2021. Earthquakes were selected on the basis of their spatial distribution, epicentral distance to the nearest seismic station, and maximum distance traveled by Pn and Sn phases. This fine selection of high‐quality data combined with the spatial density of the AlpArray seismic stations was decisive in obtaining high resolution for upper mantle velocity, especially in the Alpine belt. To obtain a denser coverage of crustal rays, we extended the first data set with P and S arrivals of local earthquakes from Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) bulletin data (2016–2018). A total of 75,807 seismic phases (47,183 P phases and 28,264 S phases) have been inverted to calculate best‐fit 1D velocity models, at regional and local scales. We then test the performance of the optimized velocity models by relocating the last four years of seismicity recorded by INGV (period 2017–2020). The computed velocity models are very effective for routine earthquake location, seismic monitoring, source parameter modeling, and future 3D seismic tomography.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2670--2685
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: geophysics ; velocity models ; Italian seismicity ; central mediterranean area ; 04. Solid Earth ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Data from the GRANU95 seismic refraction experiment (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-13
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The occurrence of exposed high-metamorphic rocks (granulites) in combination with various gravity anomalies aligned along the direction of Variscan strike characterize a special terrain (Saxothuringikum) which has been sandwiched between two major tectonic units during the Variscan orogeny. Near surface geological studies show evidence that the Saxothuringian zone represents extended crust. Therefore the model of a "metamorphic core complex" is often used to explain the exhumation of the "Saxonian granulites". The thickness of the crust, the geometry of the Moho, and the composition of middle and lower crust that underlie such" metamorphic core complexes" have remained largely unconstrained. Because these physical parameters are critical for understanding the extensional processes acting at depth, we have carried out a seismic refraction experiment in order to resolve the deeper structure of an exposed "granulite-complex". From May 6th to May 13th 1995 a seismic refraction - wide angle reflection experiment was carried out as part of the DFG-priority program: "Orogenic processes – their quantification and simulation at the example of the Variscides". Two lines, A and B, were completed in two deployments (see map in GRANU95_report.pdf). In total 12 shots were fired and over 4500 seismograms were collected using 130 instruments. Only two different types of instruments (Reftek and PDAS) have been used for recording the explosions. All instruments were equipped with a 3-component 1Hz seismometer. The 90 km long NW-SE line (deployment A, 74 instruments) from Leipzig to the Erzgebirge through the Saxonian Granulites was carried out on the 8th and 9th May 1995. Additionally 56 stations were placed symmetrically to shotpoint D along line B (perpendicular to line A). Shots were fired on locations A1, A3, A4, A2 (see map in GRANU95_report.pdf). The station spacing for this deployment was around 1.3 km. The 260 km long SW-NE line (deployment B, 93 instruments) from Dresden to Bamberg, also crossing the Saxonian Granulites was completed from 11th to 13th May 1995. Every second instrument from deployment A was moved to complete line B. Shots were fired on locations B, C, D, E, F, G, H and I (see map in GRANU95_report.pdf) and recorded along line B and line A (perpendicular to line B) at a receiver spacing of about 2.6 km.
    Keywords: Saxonian granulites ; metamorphic core complex ; seismic refraction ; geophysics ; GRANU95 – seismic refraction experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 6
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    Seismicity catalogue for the Eastern Alps (Swath-D) (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We present a new, consistently processed seismicity catalogue for the Eastern and Southern Alps, based on the temporary dense Swath-D monitoring network. The final catalogue includes 6,053 earthquakes for the time period 2017-2019 and has a magnitude of completeness of −1.0ML. The smallest detected and located events have a magnitude of −1.7ML. Aimed at the low to moderate seismicity in the study region, we generated a multi-level, mostly automatic workflow which combines a priori information from local catalogues and waveform-based event detection, subsequent efficient GPU-based event search by template matching, P & S arrival time pick refinement and location in a regional 3-D velocity model. The resulting seismicity distribution generally confirms the previously identified main seismically active domains, but provides increased resolution of the fault activity at depth. In particular, the high number of small events additionally detected by the template search contributes to a more dense catalogue, providing an important basis for future geological and tectonic studies in this complex part of the Alpine orogen.
    Description: TableOfContents
    Description: Seismicity catalogue Python codes & metadata Seismicity cross-sections
    Keywords: Seismology ; Seismic Waveform Analysis ; Eastern Alps ; Earthquake ; Geophysics ; Template matching ; 4DMB ; 4D Mountain Building ; EARTH SCIENCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDE/INTENSITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; geophysics ; seismology ; surface processes ; tectonics
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 7
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Pecný - Level 2 pre-processed by station operators (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. Raw gravity and local atmospheric pressure records sampled at second and the same records decimated at 1‐minute samples are provided as Level 1 products of the IGETS network for the Pecný station (https://doi.org/10.5880/igets.pe.l1.001). The corrected 1-minute samples have been prepared by operators of the station, from raw decimated 1-minute samples, by following steps: 1) The 1-minute samples have been used to compute residual gravity signal by using the SG calibration factor and applying corrections from tides, atmosphere and polar motion. 2) These data have been associated with auxiliary data from the SG (Dewar Pressure, Tx/Ty balance, Neck temperature etc.) and information from LOG files. 3) Gaps have been created in the residual gravity signal according to auxiliary data and log files. Moreover, gaps were created also for large disturbances, where the residual signal exceeding 20 nm/s^2. 4) Gaps up to 24 hours were filled by a linear fit. 5) Spikes exceeding 5 nm/s^2 were removed by using TSOFT. 6) Steps were applied only in exceptional cases in accordance with LOG files. 7) The cleaned residual signal was converted to corrected 1-minute samples by using the same corrections and the calibration factor as used in 1). Therefore, the corrected 1-minute signal is again in units as the raw data (Volt). Note, since 31 October 2017, the OSG-050 is running at new site (NGL - new gravimetric laboratory at Pecný) according to https://doi.org/10.5880/igets.pe.l1.001.
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; environment 〉 geophysical environment ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GRAVITY STATIONS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SGO ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Gravimeters 〉 SUPERCONDUCTING GRAVIMETER ; science 〉 geography 〉 geodesy
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 8
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    Combined seismic and borehole investigation of the deep granite weathering structure—Santa Gracia Reserve case in Chile (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-10
    Description: Imaging the critical zone at depth, where intact bedrock transforms into regolith, is critical in understanding the interaction between geological and biological processes. We acquired a 500 m‐long near‐surface seismic profile to investigate the weathering structure in the Santa Gracia National Reserve, Chile, which is located in a granitic environment in an arid climate. Data processing comprised the combination of two seismic approaches: (1) body wave tomography and (2) multichannel analysis of surface wave (MASW) with Bayesian inversion. This allowed us to derive P‐wave and S‐wave velocity models down to 90 and 70 m depth, respectively. By calibrating the seismic results with those from an 87 m‐deep borehole that is crossed by the profile. We identified the boundaries of saprolite, weathered bedrock, and bedrock. These divisions are indicated in the seismic velocity variations and refer to weathering effects at depth. The thereby determined weathering front in the borehole location can be traced down to 30 m depth. The modelled lateral extent of the weathering front, however, cannot be described by an established weathering front model. The discrepancies suggest a more complex interaction between different aspects such as precipitation and topography in controlling the weathering front depth.
    Description: Combined seismic approaches of body wave tomography and MASW method revealed the upper 90 m of the critical zone down to the bedrock. The integration of the borehole data with the resulting P‐ and S‐wave velocity model, as well as the vertical velocity gradient model, provides a strong constraint in identifying the different lithologies. The resulting conceptual model shows the extent of the critical zone in Santa Gracia Reserve, Chile and its relation to topography.
    Description: German Science Foundation (DFG) priority research programme SPP‐1803 ‘EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota’
    Keywords: ddc:622.15 ; borehole ; geophysics ; Bayesian inversion ; body wave tomography ; critical zone ; geomorphology ; geophysics ; Rayleigh wave ; regolith ; seismic survey ; surface wave tomography ; velocity gradient ; weathering front
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 9
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    Advanced Modeling with the MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (2022)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: A follow-up to An Introduction to Reservoir Simulation using MATLAB/GNU Octave, this book introduces more advanced functionality recently added to the open-source MATLAB Reservoir Simulation Toolbox (MRST). Like the original textbook, it will be invaluable for researchers, professionals and advanced students using reservoir simulation methods.
    Keywords: Reservoir geomechanics ; petroleum geoscience ; petroleum engineering ; exploration geoscience ; geophysics ; structural geology ; fluid dynamics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities::KNBP Petroleum & oil industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHV Applied physics::PHVG Geophysics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TN Civil engineering, surveying & building ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDF Fluid mechanics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGM Materials science::TGMF Mechanics of fluids
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapitre 2 • Sismique de puits (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 11
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    Foreword (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Conclusion (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 13
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    Chapter 7 • Integrated seismic study - Focus on “Cigéo”, the French geological repository project (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Chapter 1 • Wave propagation (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Integrated Geophysical Methods for Shallow Aquifers Characterization and Modelling (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: The book collects nine original contributions in the field of integrated geophysical methods for the characterization and modeling of shallow aquifers. The first contribution introduces the following eight contributions into the overall framework of the topic. The second contribution integrates seismic and electrical techniques to define geometry and identify the transient groundwater features in a coastal alluvial aquifer. The third contribution assesses the effectiveness of electrical and electromagnetic techniques to study the geometry of a thick carbonate aquifer. The fourth contribution couples electrical techniques with implicit modeling tools to characterize the geometry and saltwater intrusion in a coastal alluvial aquifers. The fifth contribution combines electrical techniques and datasets from borehole logs to analyze the inner geometry of a gravel-bed ephemeral stream. The sixth contribution uses electromagnetic and seismic techniques to evaluate the groundwater resource in a coastal town hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. The seventh contribution uses geophysical and hydrochemical data to assess groundwater contamination in an industrial chemical complex. The eighth contribution compiles and examines different geophysical prospecting surveys of interest in groundwater research in a large urban area. The ninth contribution uses electrical and electromagnetic techniques to assess surface water and shallow groundwater salinity in a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem.
    Keywords: multichannel analysis of surface waves ; electrical resistivity tomography ; time-lapse inversion ; aquifer geometry ; groundwater-dependent ecosystem ; Santo André Lagoon ; Portugal ; Jurassic dolomite aquifer ; seismic reflection ; time-domain electromagnetic ; loma de Úbeda ; Spain ; managed aquifer recharge ; saltwater intrusion ; soil aquifer treatment ; sustainable development goal 6 ; deposition patterns ; climate change ; ephemeral gravel-bed stream ; borehole samples ; urban hydrogeology ; hydrogeological map ; ground penetrating radar ; groundwater resource evaluation ; Adra town ; groundwater ; contamination ; time-space ; geophysics ; hydrochemistry ; geophysical prospecting techniques ; groundwater research ; urban water supply ; Metropolitan District of Quito ; Ecuador ; Everglades National Park (ENP) ; electrical resistivity ; electromagnetism ; formation factor ; salinity and constrained inversion ; n/a ; dipole-dipole ; fractures ; saprolite ; pumping well ; Federal district of Brazil ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Synthesis (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Introduction (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapitre 4 • Tying surface seismic data (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 19
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    Introduction (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 20
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    Chapitre 3 • Diagraphie acoustique (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 21
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    Chapitre 5 • Exemple de caractérisation d’un aquifère karstique à l’aide des méthodes sismiques et des diagraphies acoustique (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 22
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    Chapter 3 • Seismic tomography (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 23
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    Chapitre 4 • Calage de la sismique de surface (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 24
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    Chapitre 2 • Well seismic surveying (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 25
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    Chapter 6 • Hybrid seismic imaging (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 26
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    Chapter 5 • Full waveform inversion (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 27
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    Chapitre 3 • Acoustic logging (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 28
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    Seismic imaging: a practical approach (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 29
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    Sismique en forage et diagraphies acoustiques (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 30
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    Chapitre 1 • Mesure des vitesses de cisaillement en forage (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 31
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    Unknown
    Forward (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 32
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    Introduction (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 33
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    Chapter 4 • Near-surface reflection surveying (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Avant-propos (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Des démarches classiquement appliquées en géophysiques d’exploration profonde, combinant différentes méthodes sismiques et diagraphiques, peuvent techniquement se décliner pour certaines reconnaissances géotechniques, hydrogéologiques ou des caractérisations de site dans le cadre d’études d’aléa sismique. Aujourd’hui la mise en œuvre de ce type de reconnaissances géophysiques est tout à fait réaliste, si les enjeux le nécessitent. Après un état de l’art concernant les mesures en forage des vitesses de cisaillement du sous-sol, appliquées au domaine géotechnique, cet ouvrage illustre la faisabilité de réaliser pour ce même domaine des profils sismiques verticaux (PSV) et des diagraphies. Cette démarche, illustre également l’intérêt de la combinaison des mesures de vitesse des formations fournies par les outils de sismique en forage (PSV) et les outils acoustiques (soniques). Un exemple innovant d’application des méthodes sismiques en forage et des diagraphies est présenté ensuite par l’étude d’un aquifère calcaire karstifié, relativement proche de la surface (de 20 à 130 m). On y montre comment une description multi échelle du réservoir peut être réalisée en intégrants les informations fournies par différentes méthodes sismiques de surface 3D-THR, diagraphies acoustiques en champs total, PSV avec hydrophones, imageries de paroi et mesures de débitmétrie. Dans cet ouvrage, les auteurs donnent également aux lecteurs des clefs pour mener à bien ces opérations, aussi bien vis-à-vis de leurs acquisitions, que de leurs traitements et interprétations. Ainsi, les utilisateurs pourront puiser l’inspiration de poursuivre la transposition de techniques pétrolières ou innovantes pour les études de la proche surface.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: French
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  • 35
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    Well seismic surveying and acoustic logging (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 36
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    Chapitre 5 • Contribution of seismic and acoustic methods to the characterization of karstic formations (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 37
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    Unknown
    Chapitre 1 • Shear velocity measurement in boreholes (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Conclusion (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chapter 2 • Refraction surveying (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: In the geophysics of oil exploration and reservoir studies, the surface seismic method is the most commonly used method to obtain a subsurface model in 2 or 3 dimensions. This method plays an increasingly important role in soil investigations for geotechnical, hydrogeological and site characterization studies regarding seismic hazard issues. The goal of this book is to provide a practical guide, using examples from the field, to the application of seismic methods to surface imaging. After reviewing the current state of knowledge in seismic wave propagation, refraction and reflection seismic methods, the book aims to describe how seismic tomography and fullwave form inversion methods can be used to obtain seismic images of the subsurface. Through various synthetic and field examples, the book highlights the benefit of combining different sets of data: refracted waves with reflected waves, and body waves with surface waves. With field data targeting shallow structures, it shows how more accurate geophysical models can be obtained by using the proposed hybrid methods. Finally, it shows how the integration of seismic data (3D survey and VSP), logging data (acoustic logging) and core measurements, combined with a succession of specific and advanced processing techniques, enables the development of a 3D high resolution geological model in depth. In addition to these examples, the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisition, as well as processing and interpretation. In each chapter, the reader will find theoretical concepts, practical rules and, above all, actual application examples. For this reason, the book can be used as a text to accompany course lectures or continuing education seminars. This book aims to promote the exchange of information among geologists, geophysicists, and engineers in geotechnical fields.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
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  • 40
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    Unknown
    Conclusion (2022)
    EDP SCIENCES
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Approaches that are typically applied in deep exploration geophysics, combining different seismic and logging methods, can be technically adapted for certain geotechnical or hydrogeological surveys or some site characterizations in the framework of seismic hazard studies. Currently it is entirely feasible to implement this type of geophysical surveying if the situation requires. After reviewing the current state of knowledge regarding borehole measurements of subsurface shear velocities applied to the geotechnical field, this book illustrates the feasibility of carrying out vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) and logs in this field. This approach also illustrates the value of combining velocity measurements of formations provided by borehole seismic tools (VSP) and acoustic (sonic) tools. An innovative example of the application of borehole seismic and logging methods is then presented in the case study of a relatively near-surface (from 20 to 130 m) karst carbonate aquifer. It shows how a multi-scale description of the reservoir can be carried out by integrating the information provided by different 3D-THR surface seismic methods, full waveform acoustic logging, VSP with hydrophones, borehole optical televiewer and flow measurements. In this book the authors provide readers with guidelines to carry out these operations, in terms of acquisitions as well as processing and interpretation. Thus, users will be able to draw inspiration to continue transferring petroleum techniques and other innovative methods for use in near-surface studies.
    Keywords: geophysics ; hydrogeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics
    Language: English
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  • 41
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    Stress Map of Great Britain and Ireland 2022 (2022)
    GFZ German Research Center for Geosciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-10
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Stress maps show the orientation of the current maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) in the earth's crust. Assuming that the vertical stress (SV) is a principal stress, SHmax defines the orientation of the 3D stress tensor; the minimum horizontal stress Shmin is than perpendicular to SHmax. In stress maps SHmax orientations are represented as lines of different lengths. The length of the line is a measure of the quality of data and the symbol shows the stress indicator and the color the stress regime. The stress data are freely available and part of the World Stress Map (WSM) project. For more information about the data and criteria of data analysis and quality mapping are plotted along the WSM website at http://www.world-stress-map.org. The stress map of Great Britain and Ireland 2022 is based on the WSM database release 2016. All data records have been checked and we added a number of new data from earthquake focal mechanisms from the national earthquake catalog and borehole data. The number of data records has increased from n=377 in the WSM 2016 to n=474 in this map. Some locations and assigned quality of WSM 2016 data were corrected due to new information. The digital version of the map is a layered pdf generated with GMT (Wessel et al., 2019) using the topography of Tozer et al. (2019). We also provide on a regular 0.1° grid values of the mean SHmax orientation which have a standard deviation 〈 25°. The mean SHmax orientation is estimated using the tool stress2grid of Ziegler and Heidbach (2019). For this estimation we used only data records with A-C quality and applied weights according to data quality and distance to the grid points. The stress map is available at the landing page of the GFZ Data Services at http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.GreatBritainIreland2022 where further information is provided.
    Description: Other
    Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
    Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; geophysics ; tectonics ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 NEOTECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 42
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    Atmospheric and Oceanographic Signatures in the Ice Shelf Channel Morphology of Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf, East Antarctica, Inferred From Radar Data (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-21
    Description: Ice shelves around Antarctica can provide back stress for outlet glaciers and control ice sheet mass loss. They often contain narrow bands of thin ice termed ice shelf channels. Ice shelf channel morphology can be interpreted through surface depressions and exhibits junctions and deflections from flowlines. Using ice flow modeling and radar, we investigate ice shelf channels in the Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf. These are aligned obliquely to the prevailing easterly winds. In the shallow radar stratigraphy, syncline and anticline stacks occur beneath the upwind and downwind side, respectively. The structures are horizontally and vertically coherent, except near an ice shelf channel junction where patterns change structurally with depth. Deeper layers truncate near basal incisions. Using ice flow modeling, we show that the stratigraphy is ∼9 times more sensitive to atmospheric variability than to oceanic variability. This is due to the continual adjustment toward flotation. We propose that syncline‐anticline pairs in the shallow stratigraphy are caused by preferential snow deposition on the windward side and wind erosion at the downwind side. This drives downwind deflection of ice shelf channels of several meters per year. The depth variable structures indicate formation of an ice shelf channel junction by basal melting. We conclude that many ice shelf channels are seeded at the grounding line. Their morphology farther seaward is shaped on different length scales by ice dynamics, the ocean, and the atmosphere. These processes act on finer (subkilometer) scales than are captured by most ice, atmosphere, and ocean models, yet the dynamics of ice shelf channels may have broader implications for ice shelf stability.
    Description: Plain Language Summary Ice flows from Antarctica's interior toward the coast. At the contact point between ice and ocean, the ice becomes afloat and forms fast‐flowing ice shelves. Snowfall continuously accumulates at the ice shelf surface, and at the ice shelf bottom the relatively warm ocean water can melt ice from below. Ice shelves sometimes exhibit a network of surface depressions resembling a river network. At the base, the depressions are accompanied by large incisions termed ice shelf channels. Using radar as a tool for echolocation, we investigate how the shape of this network is formed. We find that snow preferentially collects in the upwind side of the surface depressions. This makes ice shelf channels move to the downwind side. We also find that ice shelf channels can form junctions through localized ocean melting. This is important because it helps us to better understand how the Antarctic ice sheet interacts with the surrounding ocean.
    Description: Key Points The radar stratigraphy in ice shelves is 9 times more sensitive to variability in snow deposition than to variability in basal melting Some ice shelf channels at Roi Baudouin Ice Shelf deflect from flowlines; the radar stratigraphy reflects related processes Variable snow deposition causes slow deflection, and basal melting can form ice shelf channel junctions far from the grounding line
    Description: InBev Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship
    Description: Belgian Science Policy Office http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002749
    Description: DFG Emmy Noether
    Description: Academy of Finland http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100002341
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: “Antarctic Research with comparative investigations in Arctic ice areas”
    Description: Academy of Finnland
    Description: Belgium Science Policy Office
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: InBev Baillet Latour Antarctica Fellowship
    Keywords: 551 ; glaciology ; geophysics ; Antarctica ; ice shelves ; ice‐ocean interaction ; ice shelf channels
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 43
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    Offshore Freshened Groundwater in Continental Margins (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: First reported in the 1960s, offshore freshened groundwater (OFG) has now been documented in most continental margins around the world. In this review we compile a database documenting OFG occurrences and analyze it to establish the general characteristics and controlling factors. We also assess methods used to map and characterize OFG, identify major knowledge gaps, and propose strategies to address them. OFG has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3; it predominantly occurs within 55 km of the coast and down to a water depth of 100 m. OFG is mainly hosted within siliciclastic aquifers on passive margins and recharged by meteoric water during Pleistocene sea level lowstands. Key factors influencing OFG distribution are topography‐driven flow, salinization via haline convection, permeability contrasts, and the continuity/connectivity of permeable and confining strata. Geochemical and stable isotope measurements of pore waters from boreholes have provided insights into OFG emplacement mechanisms, while recent advances in seismic reflection profiling, electromagnetic surveying, and numerical models have improved our understanding of OFG geometry and controls. Key knowledge gaps, such as the extent and function of OFG, and the timing of their emplacement, can be addressed by the application of isotopic age tracers, joint inversion of electromagnetic and seismic reflection data, and development of three‐dimensional hydrological models. We show that such advances, combined with site‐specific modeling, are necessary to assess the potential use of OFG as an unconventional source of water and its role in sub‐seafloor geomicrobiology.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: This review paper considers offshore freshened groundwater (OFG), which is water hosted in sediments and rocks below the seafloor, with a total dissolved solid concentration lower than seawater. We have compiled 〉300 records to demonstrate that freshened groundwater occurs offshore on most continents around the world and has a global volume of 1 × 106 km3. The majority of OFG was deposited when sea level was lower than today and is hosted in sandy sub‐seafloor layers that are located within 55 km of coasts in water depths less than 100 m. We present a range of geochemical, geophysical, and modeling approaches that have successfully been used to investigate OFG systems. We also propose approaches to address key scientific questions related to OFG, including whether it may be used as an unconventional source of potable water in coastal areas.
    Description: Key Points: Most known OFG is located at water depths of 〈100 m within 55 km of the coast, hosted in siliciclastic aquifers in passive margins. Key gaps in knowledge include the extent and function of OFG systems, as well as the mechanism and timing of emplacement. Isotopic tracers, jointly inverted geophysical data and 3‐D hydrological models can help address these knowledge gaps.
    Description: EC | H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (ERC) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663
    Description: National Science Foundation (NSF) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
    Keywords: 551 ; offshore freshened groundwater ; continental margin ; marine hydrogeology ; geochemistry ; geophysics ; modeling
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 44
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    Groundwater Resources and Salt Water Intrusion in a Changing Environment (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This Special Issue presents the work of 30 scientists from 11 countries. It confirms that the impacts of global change, resulting from both climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure, are huge on worldwide coastal areas (and critically so on some islands in the Pacific Ocean), with highly negative effects on coastal groundwater resources, which are widely affected by seawater intrusion. Some improved research methods are proposed in the contributions: using innovative hydrogeological, geophysical, and geochemical monitoring; assessing impacts of the changing environment on the coastal groundwater resources in terms of quantity and quality; and using modelling, especially to improve management approaches. The scientific research needed to face these challenges must continue to be deployed by different approaches based on the monitoring, modelling and management of groundwater resources. Novel and more efficient methods must be developed to keep up with the accelerating pace of global change.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; tide ; artificial neural network ; Gaza Strip ; groundwater resources ; seawater intrusion ; nutrient discharge ; freshwater resilience ; offshore geophysics ; atoll ; freshwater lens ; sea-level rise ; small islands ; sharp interface numerical modeling ; climate change ; recursive prediction ; saltwater intrusion ; Radon ; submarine groundwater discharge ; water resources management ; flooding ; groundwater storage ; fish ponds ; Tongatapu ; extraction ; monitoring ; modelling ; fresh groundwater volume ; numerical model ; atoll island ; MODFLOW/SEAWAT ; Nile Delta governorates ; arid and semi-arid regions ; time series model ; hydrogeology ; Libya ; sea level rise ; coastal aquifer ; sea–aquifer relations ; Tripoli ; freshwater-saltwater interface ; multi-layered coastal aquifer ; well salinization ; SGD model ; Nile Delta aquifer ; tidal signal ; geophysics ; groundwater ; cation exchange ; salinization ; SGD ; support vector machine ; direct prediction ; aquifer ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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    Physics of the Earth’s Interior (2021)
    Collège de France
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions: the extent of certain recent natural disasters and their dramatic consequences have reminded us of the power of terrestrial phenomena and of the need for scientific research to understand the Earth’s dynamics more fully. Over the last twenty years the study of the Earth’s interior has witnessed a real revolution, owing in particular to the development of increasingly sophisticated seismic tomography techniques and the powerful computations made possi...
    Keywords: Earth ; seismology ; physics ; geophysics
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing and Geosciences for Archaeology (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book collects more than 20 papers, written by renowned experts and scientists from across the globe, that showcase the state-of-the-art and forefront research in archaeological remote sensing and the use of geoscientific techniques to investigate archaeological records and cultural heritage. Very high resolution satellite images from optical and radar space-borne sensors, airborne multi-spectral images, ground penetrating radar, terrestrial laser scanning, 3D modelling, Geographyc Information Systems (GIS) are among the techniques used in the archaeological studies published in this book. The reader can learn how to use these instruments and sensors, also in combination, to investigate cultural landscapes, discover new sites, reconstruct paleo-landscapes, augment the knowledge of monuments, and assess the condition of heritage at risk. Case studies scattered across Europe, Asia and America are presented: from the World UNESCO World Heritage Site of Lines and Geoglyphs of Nasca and Palpa to heritage under threat in the Middle East and North Africa, from coastal heritage in the intertidal flats of the German North Sea to Early and Neolithic settlements in Thessaly. Beginners will learn robust research methodologies and take inspiration; mature scholars will for sure derive inputs for new research and applications.
    Keywords: GE1-350 ; CC1-960 ; terrestrial laser scanning ; GIS ; condition assessment ; SAR ; remote sensing ; geophysics ; point cloud ; archaeological prospection ; optical ; pattern recognition ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics
    Language: English
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    P-wave traveltime tomography model derived from AlpArray Seismic Network data (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-02
    Description: Abstract
    Description: We perform a teleseismic P-wave travel-time tomography to examine the geometry and structure of subducted lithosphere in the upper mantle beneath the Alpine orogen. The tomography is based on waveforms recorded at over 600 temporary and permanent broadband stations of the dense AlpArray Seismic Network deployed by 24 different European institutions in the greater Alpine region, reaching from the Massif Central to the Pannonian Basin and from the Po plain to the river Main. Teleseismic travel times and travel-time residuals of direct teleseismic P-waves from 331 teleseismic events of magnitude 5.5 and higher recorded between 2015 and 2019 by the AlpArray Seismic Network are extracted from the recorded waveforms using a combination of automatic picking, beamforming and cross-correlation. The resulting database contains over 162.000 highly accurate absolute P-wave travel times and travel-time residuals. For tomographic inversion, we define a model domain encompassing the entire Alpine region down to a depth of 600 km. Predictions of travel times are computed in a hybrid way applying a fast Tau-P method outside the model domain and continuing the wavefronts into the model domain using a fast marching method. We iteratively invert demeaned travel-time residuals for P-wave velocities in the model domain using a regular discretization with an average lateral spacing of about 25 km and a vertical spacing of 15 km. The inversion is regularized towards an initial model constructed from a 3D a priori model of the crust and uppermost mantle and a 1D standard earth model beneath. The resulting model provides a detailed image of slab configuration beneath the Alpine and Apenninic orogens. Major features are a partly overturned Adriatic slab beneath the Apennines reaching down to 400 km depth still attached in its northern part to the crust but exhibiting detachment towards the southeast. A fast anomaly beneath the western Alps indicates a short western Alpine slab whose easternmost end is located at about 100 km depth beneath the Penninic front. Further to the east and following the arcuate shape of the western Periadriatic Fault System, a deep-reaching coherent fast anomaly with complex internal stucture generally dipping to the SE down to about 400 km suggests a slab of European origin limited to the east by the Giudicarie fault in the upper 200 km but extending beyond this fault at greater depths. In its eastern part it is detached from overlying lithosphere. Further to the east, well-separated in the upper 200 km from the slab beneath central Alps but merging with it below, another deep-reaching, nearly vertically dipping high-velocity anomaly suggests the existence of a slab beneath the Eastern Alps of presumably the same origin which is completely detached from the orogenic root. The data are fully described in Paffrath et al. (2021). The model is provided as tabular data with six columns (1) Longitude (deg), (2) Latitude (deg), (3) Depth (km), (4) vp (km/s), (5) dVp (%), (6) Resolution.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; P-wave ; elastic waves ; body waves ; tomography ; 4DMB ; 4D Mountain Building ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 NATURAL HAZARDS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 SUBDUCTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 SEISMIC PROFILE 〉 SEISMIC BODY WAVES ; geological process 〉 seismic activity 〉 earthquake ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; monitoring 〉 seismic monitoring ; science 〉 natural science 〉 earth science 〉 geophysics
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  • 48
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    GphoneX Gravity Data from Hurbanovo - Level 1 (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-01
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Hurbanovo gravimetric observatory in southern Slovakia was established in 2019 as a part of the integrated station HUVO (GNSS permanent station and seismic station). HUVO is located on a ground floor in a small building in the vicinity of the Hurbanovo Geomagnetic Observatory, which was founded on September 30, 1900. Integration of InSAR transponder into current station architecture is also planned in 2022. The gravimetric observatory equipped with the spring gravimeter gPhoneX #108 provides continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data. The spring gravimeter gPhoneX #108 is installed on a concrete block isolated from the rest of the building grounding. The room containing gravimeter is thermally stabilized at around 22 ± 1°C using an air conditioning unit. An additional thermal polystyrene insulation is placed around the instrument further decreasing temperature variations on its surface. Concerning signal to noise ratio, the HUVO station can be characterized as moderately noisy. The operation and maintenance of the HUVO gravimetric instrumentation is done mainly by the staff of the Slovak University of Technology. HUVO gravimetric observatory is also equipped with the accelerometer Raspberry Shake (4D) installed on the same concrete block as the spring gravimeter, operated by the staff of the Slovak Academy of Sciences. Several other meteorological sensors are also present at the site in the close vicinity of the gPhoneX #108: the meteorological station MWS 9-5, a well equipped with the ground-water level sensor and a total number of 16 sensors measuring the soil moisture. These sensors provide information necessary for modelling the gravity response associated with the variation of local hydrological masses.
    Keywords: Relative gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; IGETS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; geodesy ; geophysics ; hydrology
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  • 49
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    Data of the controlled source seismic profile LISPWAL2: Lithospheric structure of the Namibian continental passive margin at the intersection with the Walvis Ridge (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset contains data of a reflection seismic profile in North-Western Namibia. The measurements were carried out in continuation of the LISPWAL project aiming to decipher the lithospheric structure of the Namibian passive margin at the intersection with the Walvis Ridge (Ryberg et al., 2014a, b; 2015). Scientific aims were a) to produce a high-resolution image of the reflectivity of the lower-crustal high-velocity body revealed by wide-angle observations; b) an improved understanding of how continental crust and plume head interact, c) to investigate what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating are, and d) to understand how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break up process. The dataset contains seismic data, including raw and SEG Y files, of the controlled-source survey in North-Western Namibia (Kaokoveld) using near-vertical reflection seismic methods.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: geophysics ; controlled-source seismic survey ; onshore ; offshore ; continental margin ; Namibia ; Walvis Ridge ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
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  • 50
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    Villarrica Tomography (VITO) (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Villarrica Volcano is one of the most active volcanoes in South America and is located in a major tourism region. A dense temporal seismological network was installed to investigate the volcanic seismicity and the seismic structure of the edifice with seismic traveltime tomography at high spatial resolution. The network was in operation for 2 weeks from 01.03.2012 to 14.03.2012. It consisted of 30 three-component and 45 one-component short period seismographs covering an area of about 2000 km2. The covered area has a diameter of 45 km and includes the volcanic building.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: geophysics ; Volcano seismology ; seismic tomography ; seismotectonics ; PASSIVE_SEISMIC 〉 NETWORK ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; SENSOR 〉 3-C ; LAND ; MINISEED_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
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  • 51
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    A multidisciplinary study of an exceptional prehistoric waste dump in the mountainous inland of Calabria (Italy): Implications for reconstructions of prehistoric land use and vegetation in Southern Italy (2020)
    Sage Journals
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-21
    Description: The mountainous inland of northern Calabria (Southern Italy) is known for its sparse prehistoric human occupation. Nevertheless, a thorough multidisciplinary approach of field walking, geophysical survey and invasive research led to the discovery of a major archaeological archive. This archive concerns a rich multi-phased dump, spanning about 3000 years (Late Neolithic to Late Imperial Roman Age) and holding two Somma- Vesuvius tephra. Of these, the younger is a distinct layer of juvenile tephra from the Pompeii eruption, while the older concerns reworked tephra from the Bronze Age AP2 eruption (ca. 1700 cal. yr BP). The large dump contains abundant ceramics, faunal remains and charcoal, and most probably originated through long-continued deposition of waste in a former gully like system of depressions. This resulted in an inversed, mound-like relief, whose anthropogenic origin had not been recognized in earlier research. The tephras were found to be important markers that support the reconstruction of the occupational history of the site. The sequence of occupational phases is very similar to that observed in a recent palaeoecological study from nearby situated former lakes (Lago Forano/Fontana Manca). This suggests that this sequence reflects the more regional occupational history of Calabria, which goes back to ca. 3000 BC. Attention is paid to the potential link between this history and Holocene climatic phases, for which no indication was found. The history deviates strongly from histories deduced from the few, but major palaeorecords elsewhere in the inlands of Southern Italy (Lago Grande di Monticchio and Lago Trifoglietti). We conclude that major regional variation occurred in prehistoric land use and its impacts on the vegetation cover of Southern Italy, and studies of additional palaeoarchives are needed to unravel this complex history. Finally, shortcomings of archaeological predictive models are discussed and the advantages of truly integrated multidisciplinary research.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1310–1331
    Description: 1V. Storia eruttiva
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Holocene ; landscape archaeology ; geophysics ; predictive modelling ; Southern Italy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Low-cost Remotely Operated Underwater and Unmanned Aerial vehicles: new technologies for archaeo-geophysics (2020)
    ISBN: 978-92-990084-0-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: In this paper we present a device for magnetic survey devoted in particular for archaeological purposes. The device is able to perform accurate measurements of the total magnetic field, it is a flexible device, programmable by the users to be suitable for any specific need. The device relies upon microcontroller, a digital three axes Fluxgate magnetometer, a GPS, and a Real Time Clock (RTC) module. The device is compact and lightweight to be assembled on aerial and marine drones. Recently, Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROV) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) gained great potential for archaeo-geophysics because of their versatility and low cost, therefore the magnetometer represents a very useful tool for fast and reliable measurements.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lecce
    Description: 6IT. Osservatori non satellitari
    Keywords: geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 53
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    Multidisciplinary investigations at the Kamarina archaeological site (southern Sicily, Italy) (2020)
    ISBN: 978-92-990084-0-9
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-11
    Description: Multidisciplinary geophysical investigations have been carried out in a small area of the Greek archaeological site of Kamarina, in southern Sicily, in order to support some hypotheses, derived from historical and archaeological bases. After an aerial photographic and thermographic survey, a small area near to the Agora has been considered for magnetometric and GPR investigations. Obtained results show a good correlation and allow to highlight some structures oriented in agreement with the uncovered remains. The use of integrated geophysical techniques allowed a more robust interpretation of the detected anomalies in order to better address the choices for new excavations.
    Description: Published
    Description: Lecce
    Description: 7A. Geofisica per il monitoraggio ambientale
    Keywords: geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 54
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    Data from the 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: During 1978-79, a seismic refraction experiment was carried out in the Rhenish Massif, West Germany, and adjacent areas, extending through Belgium and Luxembourg into the Paris Basin in France. The experiment was designed to investigate the structure of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the massif and thus help in a multidisciplinary study, sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, into the causes and mechanisms of uplift of the massif. The Aachen-Baumholder (L1/L2-M1/M2) profile was completed in May and August, 1978. The 600 km long, main profile and the cross profiles, B-K and K-F, were completed in May 1979. During the main experiment in May 1979, 137 recording units of the MARS type from various European countries participated. 20 shots were fired in 1979 and thus a total of 2740 three-component recordings were made.
    Keywords: Rhenish Massif ; seismic refraction ; geophysics ; plateau uplift ; 1978-79 Rhenish Massif seismic refraction experiment ; GIPP Grant Number 197901 ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 WIDE-ANGLE_REFLECTION_REFRACTION ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 EXPLOSION_SOURCE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 CRUSTAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 REGIONAL_SCALE ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 DSS ; SENSOR 〉 GEOPHONE ; LAND ; SEG-Y_DATA_FORMAT ; SEISMIC_WAVEFORM_DATA ; CONTROLLED_SOURCE_SEISMOLOGY 〉 RAW_DATA ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
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  • 55
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Walferdange - Level 1 (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-21
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, 1997-2015) to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. The Walferdange Underground Laboratory for Geodynamics (WULG) is located at the middle of a long labyrinth of galleries which originally have been established for the commercial extraction of gypsum. Exceptional temperature and humidity stability, the absence of water and human perturbations, distance from the ocean and easy access, were some of the motivations for initially choosing this site for instrumentation and Earth tide research. Instruments to measure the micro deformations produced by the tidal forces have been developed and tested in the Laboratory for more than 30 years. Ground deformations and earthquakes are or have been recorded continuously by means of spring gravimeters, vertical and horizontal pendulums, long base water tube tiltmeters, vertical and horizontal strain meters, short period and broad band seismometers. Meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure), as well as radon gas emissions, are also continuously monitored in various locations within the mine. In 2000, the Minister of Research of the Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg decided to establish a new International Reference Station for Intercomparisons of Absolute Gravimeters (ISIAG). The instrumentation to support the project includes a superconducting gravimeter OSG-CT040, an absolute gravimeter FG5X-216, and other ancillary equipment necessary to support research. In January 2002, a first superconducting gravimeter was installed. The instrument was then stopped in March 2003 due to an abnormally large instrumental drift. In December 2003, it was replaced by a brand-new gravimeter with the same name and which continuously operates since that date. Absolute gravity measurements have been performed on a regular time base to calibrate the superconducting gravimeter and to estimate its instrumental drift. Since 2003, the WULG hosted three European Comparisons and one International Comparison of Absolute Gravimeters. It was the first international comparison outside the walls of the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) in Sèvres (France) where it had traditionally been organized for 30 years.
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology ; Absolute gravimetry ; Metrology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 56
    Unknown
    Glaciated Margins: The Sedimentary and Geophysical Archive (2019)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: cryosphere ; glaciology ; sedimentology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: An introduction to glaciated margins: the sedimentary and geophysical archive / D. P. Le Heron, K. A. Hogan, E. R. Phillips, M. Huuse, M. E. Busfield and A. G. C. Graham / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 1-8, 30 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.12 --- Glacio-marine iron formation deposition in a c. 700 Ma glaciated margin: insights from the Chuos Formation, Namibia / Maxwell A. Lechte, Malcolm W. Wallace and Karl-Heinz Hoffmann / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 9-34, 16 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.2 --- A tale of two rift shoulders, and two ice masses: the Cryogenian glaciated margin of Death Valley, California / D. P. Le Heron, M. E. Busfield, D. O. Ali, T. Vandyk and S. Tofaif / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 35-52, 27 July 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.11 --- Zarqa megafacies: widespread subglacial deformation in the Sarah Formation of Saudi Arabia and implications for the sequence stratigraphy of the Hirnantian glaciation / John Melvin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 53-80, 7 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.6 --- Development of a palaeovalley complex on a Late Ordovician glaciated margin in NW Saudi Arabia / S. Tofaif, D. P. Le Heron and J. Melvin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 81-107, 6 June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.8 --- Depositional model for the distal Ordovician glaciated margin of Jordan; implications for the reservoir potential of the Risha Formation / J. Philip P. Hirst and Maher Khatatneh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 109-129, 1 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.4 --- Sedimentary record of Early Permian deglaciation in southern Gondwana from the Falkland Islands / Kate Horan, Philip Stone and Simon J. Crowhurst / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 131-147, 19 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.1 --- Deglacial sequences and glacio-isostatic adjustment: Quaternary compared with Ordovician glaciations / Pierre Dietrich, Jean-François Ghienne, Patrick Lajeunesse, Alexandre Normandeau, Rémy Deschamps and Philippe Razin / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 149-179, 14 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.9 --- Sedimentary processes and facies on a high-latitude passive continental margin, Wilkes Land, East Antarctica / Sandra Passchier, Daniel J. Ciarletta, Victor Henao and Vicky Sekkas / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 181-201, 16 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.3 --- Processes influencing differences in Arctic and Antarctic trough mouth fan sedimentology / Jenny Gales, Claus-Dieter Hillenbrand, Rob Larter, Jan Sverre Laberg, Martin Melles, Sara Benetti and Sandra Passchier / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 203-221, 23 March 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.7 --- Seismic and geomorphic records of Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution in the Ross Sea and controlling factors in its behaviour / John B. Anderson, Lauren M. Simkins, Phillip J. Bart, Laura De Santis, Anna Ruth W. Halberstadt, Elisabetta Olivo and Sarah L. Greenwood / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 223-240, 17 April 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.5 --- Late Wisconsinan grounding zones of the Laurentide Ice Sheet margin off the Québec North Shore (NW Gulf of St Lawrence) / P. Lajeunesse, P. Dietrich and J.-F. Ghienne / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 241-259, 25 June 2018, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.10 --- The glacier-influenced marine record on high-latitude continental margins: synergies between modern, Quaternary and ancient evidence / J. A. Dowdeswell, K. A. Hogan and D. P. Le Heron / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 475, 261-279, 29 January 2019, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP475.13
    Pages: Online-Ressource (288 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781786203977
    URL: https://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/475/1
    Language: English
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  • 57
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    Applied Geophysics with Case Studies on Environmental, Exploration and Engineering Geophysics (2019)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Advance Wave Modeling and Diffractions for High-Resolution Subsurface Seismic Imaging --- 2. Radiometric Mapping of Hydrothermal Alterations in Isla Isabel, Mexico --- 3. Rock Physics Interpretation of Tomographic Solutions for Geothermal Reservoir Properties --- 4. Resistivity and Induced Polarization Application for Urban Waste Disposal Site Studies --- 5. Analysis of Seismic Responses of Rock Massif to Explosive Impacts with Using Nonlinear Methods --- 6. Application of Seismic Tomography and Geotechnical Modeling for the Solution of Two Complex Instability Cases --- 7. Electrical Resistivity Tomography: A Subsurface-Imaging Technique
    Pages: Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781838807429
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/applied-geophysics-with-case-studies-on-environmental-exploration-and-engineering-geophysics
    Language: English
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  • 58
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    Space-Time Evolution of Magma Storage and Transfer at Mt. Etna Volcano (Italy): The 2015-2016 Reawakening of Voragine Crater (2018)
    Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-26
    Description: The eruptions of December 2015 and May 2016 at Voragine crater were among the most explosive recorded during the last two decades at Mt. Etna volcano. Here we present data coming from geophysics (infrasound, LP, VLP, volcanic tremor, VT earthquakes, and ground deformations) and petrology (textural and microanalytical data on plagioclase and olivine crystals) to investigate the preeruptive magma storage and transfer dynamics leading to these exceptional explosive eruptions. Integration of all the avail- able data has led us to constrain chemically, physically, and kinetically the environments where magmas were stored before the eruption, and how they have interacted during the transfer en-route to the surface. Although the evolution and behavior of volcanic phenomena at the surface was rather similar, some differ- ences in storage and transfer dynamics were observed for 2015 and 2016 eruptions. Specifically, the 2015 eruptions have been fed by magmas stored at shallow levels that were pushed upward as a response of magma injections from deeper environments, whereas evidence of chemical interaction between shallow and deep magmatic environments becomes more prominent during the 2016 eruptions. Main findings evidence the activation of magmatic environments deeper than those generally observed for other recent Etnean eruptions, with involvement of deep basic magmas that were brought to shallow crustal levels in very short time scales (~1 month). The fast transfer from the deepest levels of the plumbing system of basic, undegassed magmas might be viewed as the crucial triggering factor leading to development of exceptionally violent volcanic phenomena even with only basic magma involved.
    Description: Programma Nazionale Ricerche . Grant Number: PNRA14_00011 University of Catania FIR 2014 . Grant Numbers: 2F119B , PRA 2016‐18 , 22722132120
    Description: Published
    Description: 471–495
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Etna ; geophysics ; petrology ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Stress Map of the Mediterranean and Central Europe 2016 (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-21
    Description: GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
    Description: Published
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Keywords: tectonics ; geophysics ; crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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    Probing layered arc crust in the Lesser Antilles using receiver functions (2018)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-15
    Description: Oceanic arcs can provide insight into the processes of crustal growth and crustal structure. In this work, changes in crustal thickness and composition along the Lesser Antilles Arc (LAA) are analysed at 10 islands using receiver function (RF) inversions that combine seismological data with v P /v S ratios estimated based on crustal lithology. We collected seismic data from various regional networks to ensure station coverage for every major island in the LAA from Saba in the north to Grenada in the south. RFs show the subsurface response of an incoming signal assuming horizontal layering, where phase conversions highlight discontinuities beneath a station. In most regions of the Earth, the Mohorovičić discontinuity (Moho) is seismically stronger than other crustal discontinuities. However, in the LAA we observe an unusually strong along-arc variation in depth of the strongest discontinuity, which is difficult to explain by variations in crustal thickness. Instead, these results suggest that in layered crust, especially where other discontinuities have a stronger seismic contrast than the Moho, H– k stacking results can be easily misinterpreted. To circumvent this problem, an inversion modelling approach is introduced to investigate the crustal structure in more detail by building a one-dimensional velocity–depth profile for each island. Using this method, it is possible to identify any mid-crustal discontinuity in addition to the Moho. Our results show a mid-crustal discontinuity at about 10–25 km depth along the arc, with slightly deeper values in the north (Montserrat to Saba). In general, the depth of the Moho shows the same pattern with values of around 25 km (Grenada) to 35 km in the north. The results suggest differences in magmatic H 2 O content and differentiation history of each island.
    Keywords: geophysics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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    ACROSS Strong Motion Network in Central Asia (2018)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning and Rapid Response Systems (EEWRRS) should be a viable complement to other disaster risk reduction strategies, particularly in economically developing countries. The „Early Warning and Impact Forecasting“ group (GFZ, section 2.6) is actively involved in the development of novel strategies to develop scientific and technological solutions that may be efficiently applied in countries with limited resources. The proposed solution includes a risk estimation module that extracts from a portfolio of precomputed impact scenarios those matching the characterization of the event detected by an optimized real-time monitoring network. The real-time network integrates both local, on-site components based on low-cost, smart sensor platforms, as well as regional, sparse strong-motion stations. This hybrid solution allows for the optimization of the lead-time and is tailored to the seismotectonic features of the considered region. A prototype EEWRR System is being developed for the Kyrgyz Republic, with the support of the partner CAIAG and in collaboration with the Ministry of Emergency Solutions of the Government of the Kyrygz Republic (MES). Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code AD.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 〉1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    Building Monitoring and Decentralized on-site Earthquake Early Warning network, Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) (2018)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Building monitoring and decentralized, on-site Earthquake Early Warning system for the Kyrgyz capital Bishkek. Several low cost sensors equipped with MEMS accelerometers have been installed in eleven buildings within the urban area of the city. The different sensing units communicate with each other via wireless links and the seismic data are streamed in real-time to data centres at GFZ and the Central Asian Institute for Applied Geoscience (CAIAG) using internet. Since each sensing unit has its own computing capabilities, software for data processing can be installed to perform decentralised actions. In particular, each sensing unit can perform event detection tasks and run software for on-site early warning. If a description for the vulnerability of the building is uploaded to the sensing unit, this can be exploited to introduce the expected probability of damage in the early-warning protocol customized for a specific structure. Waveform data are available from the GEOFON data centre, under network code KD.
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismology ; seismic noise ; earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; broad band ; velocity ; displacement ; Monitoring system ; Seismological stations ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Magnetic/Motion Sensors 〉 Seismometers ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS
    Type: Dataset , Seismic Network
    Format: 〉1T
    Format: .mseed
    Format: XML
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    Geophysics (2018)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geophysics ; seismicity ; seismic diffraction ; tectonics
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Three–Dimensional Seismic Diffraction Imaging for Detecting Near-Surface Inhomogeneities / By Shemer Keydar, Vladimir Shtivelman and Avner Arzi --- 2. Measurement of Rotational Events in Regions Prone to Seismicity: A Review / By Leszek R. Jaroszewicz, Anna Kurzych, Krzysztof P. Teisseyre and Zbigniew Krajewski --- 3. Inversion and Interpretation of Magnetic Anomaly in the Presence of Significant Remanence and Self-Demagnetization Based on Magnetic Amplitude / By Shuang Liu and Xiangyun Hu --- 4. Basement Tectonics and Fault Reactivation in Alberta Based on Seismic and Potential Field Data / By Eneanwan Ekpo, David Eaton and Ronald Weir --- 5. Characterization of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Sites Based on Geoelectrical Methods of Geophysical Exploration / By Omar Delgado-Rodríguez, Vladimir Shevnin, Héctor Peinado- Guevara and María Ladrón de Guevara-Torres --- 6. Characterization of Seismic Responses in Mexico City Using Hilbert-Huang Transform / By Silvia Raquel García Benítez and Leonardo Alcántara Nolasco --- 7. Dynamics of the Early Stage of Formation of the Earth’s-Moon System / By Yurie Khachay, Olga Hachay and Alexander Antipin --- 8. Geoelectrical Sounding and Imaging over the Central Zone of Panama / By Alexis Mojica
    ISBN: 9781789230215
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/geophysics
    Language: English
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    VelocityConversion (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This code is a python implementation of the p- and s-wave velocity to density conversion approach after Goes et al. (2000). The implementation has been optimised for regular 3D grids using lookup tables instead of Newton iterations.Goes et al. (2000) regard the expansion coefficient as temperature dependent using the relation by Saxena and Shen (1992). In `Conversion.py`, the user can additionally choose between a constant expansion coefficient or a pressure- and temperature dependent coefficient that was derived from Hacker and Abers (2004).For detailed information on the physics behind the approach have a look at the original paper by Goes et al. (2000). Up-to-date contact information are given on the author's github profile https://github.com/cmeessen.
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; geoscience ; conversion ; upper mantle ; temperature ; density ; seismic velocity
    Type: Software
    Format: 2135347 Bytes
    Format: 4 Files
    Format: application/x-zip-compressed
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Onsala - Level 1 (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-07
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the Onsala station (code OS, instrument GWR OSG 054) was established in 2009 thanks to the financial support of the Committee for Infrastructure of the Swedish Research Council, until 2021, and of the Swedish geodetic survey Lantmäteriet since 2021. Continuous time-varying gravity and atmospheric pressure data from OS are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by ISDC (Information System and Data Centre) at GFZ. The OS station (longitude: 11.9266 E; latitude: 57.3858 N and elevation: 7.93 m) is located at the Onsala Space Observatory, south of Gothenbourg, a well instrumented site for geodetic and meteorological studies (https://www.chalmers.se/en/researchinfrastructure/oso/Pages/default.aspx). An air-circulation system controls the humidity and temperature in the gravimeter house and there are 3 pillars available. Absolute gravity measurements are done every year by Lantmäteriet. - The time series of gravity and barometric pressure started in July 2009 and is going on. - The time sampling of the raw gravity and barometric pressure data of IGETS Level 1 is 1 minute. For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087). Rainfall data are also provided as auxiliary data to IGETS database. OS data are used in conjunction with projects of the Nordic Geodetic Commission (NKG) - Working Group for Geodynamics (https://www.nordicgeodeticcommission.com/working-group-of-geodynamics/). Interactive graphs are available at https://lab3.oso.chalmers.se/wx/gravimeter_data/
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; geodesy ; geophysics ; hydrology
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    Superconducting Gravimeter Data from Potsdam - Level 1 (2017)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service (IGETS) was established in 2015 by the International Association of Geodesy IAG. IGETS continues the activities of the Global Geodynamics Project (GGP) between 1997 and 2015 to provide support to geodetic and geophysical research activities using superconducting gravimeter (SG) data within the context of an international network. As part of this network, the superconducting gravimeter TT70 No. 18 by GWR recorded gravity data at the Gravimetric Observatory Potsdam Telegrafenberg, northeast cellar of building A17 (Helmert House) site S12. Continuous time-varying gravity and barometric pressure data from the SG at GFZ are integrated in the IGETS data base hosted by GFZ. The time series of gravity and barometric pressure data starts in July 1992 and ends in August 1998. The SG was upgraded by GWR in 1999 replacing the gravity sensing unit by a dual sphere and was installed as SG D037 at Sutherland (Förste et al. 2016, http://doi.org/10.5880/igets.su.l1.001). For a detailed description of the IGETS data base and the provided files see Voigt et al. (2016, http://doi.org/10.2312/GFZ.b103-16087).
    Keywords: Superconducting gravimetry ; Earth tides ; Geodynamics ; IGETS ; International Geodynamics and Earth Tide Service ; geophysics ; geodesy ; hydrology
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 67
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    Geochemistry and Geophysics of Active Volcanic Lakes (2017)
    London : The Geological Society
    Details
    Keywords: geochemistry ; geophysics ; volcanism ; volcanoes ; volcanic lake ; crater lake ; acidic lake ; neutral lake
    Description / Table of Contents: Corentin Caudron, Takeshi Ohba, and Bruno Capaccioni: Geochemistry and geophysics of active volcanic lakes: an introduction / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:1-8, first published on April 20, 2017, doi:10.1144/SP437.18 --- Acidic lakes --- Vincent van Hinsberg, Nathalie Vigouroux, Stephanie Palmer, Kim Berlo, Guillaume Mauri, Anthony Williams-Jones, Jeffrey Mckenzie, Glyn Williams-Jones, and Tobias Fischer: Element flux to the environment of the passively degassing crater lake-hosting Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia, and implications for estimates of the global volcanic flux / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:9-34, first published on December 17, 2015, doi:10.1144/SP437.2 --- Hendra Gunawan, Corentin Caudron, John Pallister, Sofyan Primulyana, Bruce Christenson, Wendy Mccausland, Vincent van Hinsberg, Jennifer Lewicki, Dmitri Rouwet, Peter Kelly, Christoph Kern, Cynthia Werner, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Sri Budi Utami, Devy Kamil Syahbana, Ugan Saing, Suparjan, Bambang Heri Purwanto, Christine Sealing, Maria Martinez Cruz, Sukir Maryanto, Philipson Bani, Antoine Laurin, Agathe Schmid, Kyle Bradley, I Gusti Made Agung Nandaka, and Mochammad Hendrasto: New insights into Kawah Ijen's volcanic system from the wet volcano workshop experiment / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:35-56, first published on February 25, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.7 --- Corentin Caudron, Guillaume Mauri, Glyn Williams-Jones, Thomas Lecocq, Devy Kamil Syahbana, Raphael De Plaen, Loic Peiffer, Alain Bernard, and Ginette Saracco: New insights into the Kawah Ijen hydrothermal system from geophysical data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:57-72, first published on January 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.4 --- Dmitri Rouwet, Raúl Mora-Amador, Carlos J. Ramírez-Umaña, Gino González, and Salvatore Inguaggiato: Dynamic fluid recycling at Laguna Caliente (Poás, Costa Rica) before and during the 2006–ongoing phreatic eruption cycle (2005–10) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:73-96, first published on March 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.11 --- B. Capaccioni, D. Rouwet, and F. Tassi: HCl degassing from extremely acidic crater lakes: preliminary results from experimental determinations and implications for geochemical monitoring / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:97-106, first published on March 24, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.12 --- Mariano R. Agusto, Alberto Caselli, Romina Daga, Johan Varekamp, Alcira Trinelli, María Dos Santos Afonso, María Laura Velez, Pablo Euillades, and Sergio Ribeiro Guevara: The crater lake of Copahue volcano (Argentina): geochemical and thermal changes between 1995 and 2015 / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:107-130, first published on December 23, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.16 --- Pedro A. Hernández, Gladys V. Melián, Luis Somoza, Mª Carmencita Arpa, Nemesio M. Pérez, Ericson Bariso, Hirochicka Sumino, Eleazar Padrón, Johan C. Varekamp, José Albert-Beltran, and Renato Solidum: The acid crater lake of Taal Volcano, Philippines: hydrogeochemical and hydroacoustic data related to the 2010–11 volcanic unrest / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:131-152, first published on February 2, 2017, doi:10.1144/SP437.17 --- D. Rouwet and M. Iorio: The sedimentation of Suminagashi-like floating clay patterns at El Chichón crater lake (Chiapas, Mexico) / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:153-161, first published on February 4, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.9 --- Neutral lakes --- Tomofumi Kozono, Minoru Kusakabe, Yutaka Yoshida, Romaric Ntchantcho, Takeshi Ohba, Gregory Tanyileke, and Joseph V. Hell: Numerical assessment of the potential for future limnic eruptions at lakes Nyos and Monoun, Cameroon, based on regular monitoring data / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:163-175, first published on January 19, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.8 --- T. Ohba, S. Ooki, Y. Oginuma, M. Kusakabe, Y. Yoshida, A. Ueda, K. Anazawa, K. Saiki, K. Kaneko, Y. Miyabuchi, Issa, F. Aka, W. Fantong, A. Ako, G. Tanyileke, and J.V. Hell: Decreasing removal rate of the dissolved CO2 in Lake Nyos, Cameroon, after the installation of additional degassing pipes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:177-184, first published on December 23, 2015, doi:10.1144/SP437.6 --- Kazuto Saiki, Katsuya Kaneko, Takeshi Ohba, Mitsuhisa Sanemasa, Minoru Kusakabe, Romaric Ntchantcho, Alain Fouepe, Gregory Tanyileke, and Joseph V. Hell: Vertical distribution of dissolved CO2 in lakes Nyos and Monoun (Cameroon) as estimated by sound speed in water / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:185-192, first published on February 18, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.10 --- Mitsuhisa Sanemasa, Kazuto Saiki, Katsuya Kaneko, Takeshi Ohba, Minoru Kusakabe, Romaric Ntchantcho, Alain Fouepe, Gregory Tanyileke, and Joseph V. Hell: A new method to determine dissolved CO2 concentration of lakes Nyos and Monoun using the sound speed and electrical conductivity of lake water / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:193-203, first published on December 23, 2015, doi:10.1144/SP437.5 --- Yutaka Yoshida, Minoru Kusakabe, Issa, Takeshi Ohba, Gregory Tanyileke, and Joseph Victor Hell: Decreasing capability of the degassing systems at lakes Nyos and Monoun (Cameroon): a new gas removal system applied to Lake Monoun to prevent a future limnic eruption / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:205-212, first published on December 17, 2015, doi:10.1144/SP437.3 --- Akiko Ozawa, Akira Ueda, Wilson Y. Fantong, Katsuro Anazawa, Yutaka Yoshida, Minoru Kusakabe, Takeshi Ohba, Greg Tanyileke, and Joseph V. Hell: Rate of siderite precipitation in Lake Nyos, Cameroon / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:213-222, first published on June 22, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.13 --- Martin Zimmer, Franco Tassi, Orlando Vaselli, Christian Kujawa, Jacopo Cabassi, and Joerg Erzinger: The gas membrane sensor (GMS) method: a new analytical approach for real-time gas concentration measurements in volcanic lakes / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:223-232, first published on December 17, 2015, doi:10.1144/SP437.1 --- Gladys Melián, Luís Somoza, Eleazar Padrón, Nemesio M. Pérez, Pedro A. Hernández, Hirochika Sumino, Victor H. Forjaz, and Zilda França: Surface CO2 emission and rising bubble plumes from degassing of crater lakes in São Miguel Island, Azores / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:233-252, first published on August 12, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.14 --- J. N. Lefkowitz, J. C. Varekamp, R. W. Reynolds, and E. Thomas: A tale of two lakes: the Newberry Volcano twin crater lakes, Oregon, USA / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 437:253-288, first published on November 25, 2016, doi:10.1144/SP437.15
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 295 Seiten) , Illustrationen, Diagramme, Karten
    ISBN: 9781786202444
    URL: http://sp.lyellcollection.org/content/437/1.toc
    Language: English
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    Stress Map of the Mediterranean and Central Europe 2016 (2016)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-08
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The Stress Map of the Mediterranean and Central Europe 2016 displays 5011 A-C quality stress data records of the upper 40 km of the Earth’s crust from the WSM database release 2016 (Heidbach et al, 2016, http://doi.org/10.5880/WSM.2016.001). Focal mechanism solutions determined as being potentially unreliable (labelled as Possible Plate Boundary Events in the database) are not displayed. Further detailed information on the WSM quality ranking scheme, guidelines for the various stress indicators, and software for stress map generation and the stress pattern analysis is available at www.world-stress-map.org.
    Description: Other
    Description: The World Stress Map (WSM) is a global compilation of information on the crustal present-day stress field. It is a collaborative project between academia and industry that aims to characterize the stress pattern and to understand the stress sources. It commenced in 1986 as a project of the International Lithosphere Program under the leadership of Mary-Lou Zoback. From 1995-2008 it was a project of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities headed first by Karl Fuchs and then by Friedemann Wenzel. Since 2009 the WSM is maintained at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences and since 2012 the WSM is a member of the ICSU World Data System. All stress information is analysed and compiled in a standardized format and quality-ranked for reliability and comparability on a global scale.
    Keywords: crustal stress ; in situ stress ; tectonic stress ; crustal stress pattern ; tectonics ; geophysics ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING 〉 DATA SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 13765676 Bytes
    Format: 1 Files
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    Updates in Volcanology : From Volcano Modelling to Volcano Geology (2016)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Updates in Volcanology - From Volcano Modeling to Volcano Geology is a new book that is based on book chapters offered by various authors to provide a snapshot of current trends in volcanological researches. Following a short Introduction, the book consists of three sections, namely, "Understanding the Volcano System from Petrology, Geophysics to Large Scale Experiments", "Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impact to the Environment", and "Volcanism in the Geological Record". These sections collect a total of 13 book chapters demonstrating clearly the research activity in volcanology from geophysical aspects of volcanic systems to their geological framework. Each chapter provides a comprehensive summary of their subject’s current research directions. This book hence can equally be useful for students and researchers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (422 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535126232
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/updates-in-volcanology-from-volcano-modelling-to-volcano-geology
    Language: English
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    Constraints on Rehydroxylation dating (2015)
    Royal Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-27
    Description: Accurate and precise dating methods are of central importance to archaeology, palaeontology and earth science. This paper investigates the expected precision and age range of rehydroxylation dating, a recently proposed technique for fired clays. An expression for combined measurement uncertainty is presented, which takes into account all significant sources of experimental uncertainty. Numerical simulations are performed for comparison. Combined measurement uncertainties of approximately 5% with respect to the age of the ceramic should be possible given well-designed experiments. In this case, the most significant contribution to combined measurement uncertainty is from effective lifetime temperature. In addition, it is shown that precision should be acceptable for recently fired material (less than 1 year). Mismatch of balance resolution to sample mass results in large variation in combined relative uncertainties, which vary by four orders of magnitude (approx. 1–1160%) across recent experimental studies, rendering some recently reported dates meaningless. It is recommended that this ratio be less than 10 –6 for a combined relative uncertainty of less than 1%. The age limits of the technique are set by the value of the rate constant and individual sample mineralogy. This theoretical framework should help future interlaboratory comparison as well as optimizing instrument design.
    Keywords: geophysics
    Electronic ISSN: 2054-5703
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Royal Society
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    Earthquake Engineering : From Engineering Seismology to Optimal Seismic Design of Engineering Structures (2015)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The book Earthquake Engineering - From Engineering Seismology to Optimal Seismic Design of Engineering Structures contains fifteen chapters written by researchers and experts in the fields of earthquake and structural engineering. This book provides the state-of-the-art on recent progress in the field of seimology, earthquake engineering and structural engineering. The book should be useful to graduate students, researchers and practicing structural engineers. It deals with seismicity, seismic hazard assessment and system oriented emergency response for abrupt earthquake disaster, the nature and the components of strong ground motions and several other interesting topics, such as dam-induced earthquakes, seismic stability of slopes and landslides. The book also tackles the dynamic response of underground pipes to blast loads, the optimal seismic design of RC multi-storey buildings, the finite-element analysis of cable-stayed bridges under strong ground motions and the acute psychiatric trauma intervention due to earthquakes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (408 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535120391
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-engineering-from-engineering-seismology-to-optimal-seismic-design-of-engineering-structures
    Language: English
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    LISPWAL: Lithospheric structure of the Namibian continental passive margin at the intersection with the Walvis Ridge from amphibious seismic investigations November 2010 – January 2011, Namibia - Datasets (2014)
    Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum GFZ
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-11-29
    Description: Abstract
    Description: Seismic Data, including raw, MSEED and SEG-Y files, of the large-scale controlled-source survey in Northern Namibia (Kaokoveld) using combined on- and offshore experiments. Passive continental margins offer the unique opportunity to study the processes involved in continental extension and break up as well as the role of hot-spot related magmatism. We conducted combined on- and offshore seismic experiments in Northern Namibia designed to characterize the Southern African passive margin at the interaction with the Walvis Ridge, to assess the interaction of the presumed plume with continental lithosphere and to determine the deep structure of the transition from the coastal fold belt to the stable craton, where the Walvis Ridge hits the African continent. The seismic project integrated three experiments, an onshore, coast-parallel refraction seismic profile, two onshore-offshore wide-angle seismic transects, and a combined on- and offshore seismic experiment to image the sub-Moho velocity (Pn tomography) at the ocean-continent transition. The knowledge of the lithospheric structure of the margin together with results from other geoscientific studies (e.g., conducted within the SPP- SAMPLE, DFG Priority Program 1375, South Atlantic Margin Processes and Links with onshore Evolution) will help to address fundamental questions such as, how continental crust and plume head interact, what the extent and volumes of magmatic underplating is, and how and which inherited (continental) structures might have been involved and utilized in the break-up process. Between November 2010 and January 2011, we conducted an extensive seismic experiment in Northern Namiba, in the Kaokoveld. Along 3 seismic lines with a total length of more than 900 km, we deployed 200 seismic sensors and data loggers. The average spacing of the instruments was ~3 km along the coast-parallel line and ~6 km along the other lines, running NE- SW and SE-NW. The data loggers had been equipped with a short-period seismic sensor, recording the vertical ground motion and a battery pack, suitable for continuous data recording of 〉6 weeks. The instruments were placed in shallow holes and covered by sand, leaving the logger surface clear for GPS reception. At the eastern ends of the lines, the instruments were deployed in somewhat hidden places to avoid instrument damage or theft.
    Description: Other
    Description: The Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP) provides field instruments for (temporary) seismological studies (both controlled source and earthquake seismology) and for magnetotelluric (electromagnetic) experiments. The GIPP is operated by the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences. The instrument facility is open for academic use. Instrument applications are evaluated and ranked by an external steering board. See Haberland and Ritter (2016) and https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/gipp for more information.
    Keywords: LISPWAL ; geophysics ; controlled-source seismic survey ; onshore ; offshore ; continental margin ; Namibia ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; In Situ/Laboratory Instruments 〉 Profilers/Sounders 〉 SEISMIC REFLECTION PROFILERS
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 73
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : New Advances in Seismology (2013)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The mitigation of earthquake-related hazards represents a key role in the modern society. The main goal of this book is to present 9 scientific papers focusing on new research and results on earthquake seismology. Chapters of this book focus on several aspect of seismology ranging from historical earthquake analysis, seismotectonics, and damage estimation of critical facilities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (207 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535110545
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-new-advances-in-seismology
    Language: English
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  • 74
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    Standardization of Seismic Tomographic Models and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms Datasets Based on Web Technologies, Visualization with Keyhole Markup Language (2012)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present two projects in seismology that have been ported to web technologies, which provide results in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) visualization layers. These use the Google Earth geo-browser as the flexible platform that can substitute specialized graphical tools to perform qualitative visual data analyses and comparisons. The Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (NERIES) Tomographic Earth Model Repository contains datasets from over 20 models from the literature. A hierarchical structure of folders that represent the sets of depths for each model is implemented in KML, and this immediately results into an intuitive interface for users to navigate freely and to compare tomographic plots. The KML layer for the European-Mediterranean Regional Centroid-Moment Tensor Catalog displays the focal mechanism solutions or moderate magnitude Earthquakes from 1997 to the present. Our aim in both projects was to also propose standard representations of scientific datasets. Here, the general semantic approach of XML has an important impact that must be further explored, although we find the KML syntax to be more shifted towards detailed visualization aspects. We have thus used, and propose the use of, Javascript Object Notation (JSON), another semantic notation that stems from the web-development community that provides a compact, general-purpose, data-exchange format.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47-56
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 75
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    Remote Sensing of Planet Earth (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Monitoring of water and land objects enters a revolutionary age with the rise of ubiquitous remote sensing and public access. Earth monitoring satellites permit detailed, descriptive, quantitative, holistic, standardized, global evaluation of the state of the Earth skin in a manner that our actual Earthen civilization has never been able to before. The water monitoring topics covered in this book include the remote sensing of open water bodies, wetlands and small lakes, snow depth and underwater seagrass, along with a variety of remote sensing techniques, platforms, and sensors. The Earth monitoring topics include geomorphology, land cover in arid climate, and disaster assessment after a tsunami. Finally, advanced topics of remote sensing covers atmosphere analysis with GNSS signals, earthquake visual monitoring, and fundamental analyses of laser reflectometry in the atmosphere medium.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (240 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079196
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/remote-sensing-of-planet-earth
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Remote Sensing : Advanced Techniques and Platforms (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This dual conception of remote sensing brought us to the idea of preparing two different books; in addition to the first book which displays recent advances in remote sensing applications, this book is devoted to new techniques for data processing, sensors and platforms. We do not intend this book to cover all aspects of remote sensing techniques and platforms, since it would be an impossible task for a single volume. Instead, we have collected a number of high-quality, original and representative contributions in those areas.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (462 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106524
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-advanced-techniques-and-platforms
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    Hydrogeology : A Global Perspective (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: hydrogeology ; hydrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The field of groundwater hydrology and the discipline of hydrogeology have attracted a lot of attention during the past few decades. This is mainly because of the increasing need for high quality water, especially groundwater. This book, written by 15 scientists from 6 countries, clearly demonstrates the extensive range of issues that are dealt with in the field of hydrogeology. Karst hydrogeology and deposition processes, hydrogeochemistry, soil hydraulic properties as a factor affecting groundwater recharge processes, relevant conceptual models, and geophysical exploration for groundwater are all discussed in this book, giving the reader a global perspective on what hydrogeologists and co-scientists are currently working on to better manage groundwater resources. Graduate students, as well as practitioners, will find this book a useful resource and valuable guide.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (222 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535100485
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/hydrogeology-a-global-perspective
    Language: English
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  • 78
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    Studies on Environmental and Applied Geomorphology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geomorphology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book includes several geomorphological studies up-to-date, incorporating different disciplines and methodologies, always focused on methods, tools and general issues of environmental and applied geomorphology. In designing the book the integration of multiple methodological fields (geomorphological mapping, remote sensing, meteorological and climate analysis, vegetation and biogeomorphological investigations, geographic information systems GIS, land management methods), study areas, countries and continents (Europe, America, Asia, Africa) are considered.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (294 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103615
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/studies-on-environmental-and-applied-geomorphology
    Language: English
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  • 79
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    New Achievements in Geoscience (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; earth and planetary sciences
    Description / Table of Contents: New Achievements in Geoscience is a comprehensive, up-to-date resource for academic researchers in geophysics, environmental science, earth science, natural resource managements and their related support fields. This book attempts to highlight issues dealing with geophysical and earth sciences. It describes the research carried out by world-class scientists in the fields of geoscience. The content of the book includes selected chapters covering seismic interpretation, potential field data interpretation and also several chapters on earth science.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (212 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102632
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/new-achievements-in-geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 80
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    Earthquake-Resistant Structures : Design, Assessment and Rehabilitation (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics ; earthquake engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: This book deals with earthquake-resistant structures, such as, buildings, bridges and liquid storage tanks. It contains twenty chapters covering several interesting research topics written by researchers and experts in the field of earthquake engineering. The book covers seismic-resistance design of masonry and reinforced concrete structures to be constructed as well as safety assessment, strengthening and rehabilitation of existing structures against earthquake loads. It also includes three chapters on electromagnetic sensing techniques for health assessment of structures, post earthquake assessment of steel buildings in fire environment and response of underground pipes to blast loads. The book provides the state-of-the-art on recent progress in earthquake-resistant structures. It should be useful to graduate students, researchers and practicing structural engineers.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (536 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101239
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-resistant-structures-design-assessment-and-rehabilitation
    Language: English
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  • 81
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    Seismic Waves : Research and Analysis (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; tsunami ; seismic waves ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The importance of seismic wave research lies not only in our ability to understand and predict earthquakes and tsunamis, it also reveals information on the Earth's composition and features in much the same way as it led to the discovery of Mohorovicic's discontinuity. As our theoretical understanding of the physics behind seismic waves has grown, physical and numerical modeling have greatly advanced and now augment applied seismology for better prediction and engineering practices. This has led to some novel applications such as using artificially-induced shocks for exploration of the Earth's subsurface and seismic stimulation for increasing the productivity of oil wells. This book demonstrates the latest techniques and advances in seismic wave analysis from theoretical approach, data acquisition and interpretation, to analyses and numerical simulations, as well as research applications. A review process was conducted in cooperation with sincere support by Drs. Hiroshi Takenaka, Yoshio Murai, Jun Matsushima, and Genti Toyokuni.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079448
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/seismic-waves-research-and-analysis
    Language: English
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  • 82
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : New Frontiers in Seismology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes combines science, technology and expertise in infrastructure and engineering in an effort to minimize human and material losses when their occurrence is inevitable. This book is devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis, from theoretical advances to practical applications. Different sections are dedicated to ground motion studies and seismic site characterization, with regard to mitigation of the risk from earthquake and ensuring the safety of the buildings under earthquake loading. The ultimate goal of the book is to encourage discussions and future research to improve hazard assessments, dissemination of earthquake engineering data and, ultimately, the seismic provisions of building codes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (380 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078403
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-new-frontiers-in-seismology
    Language: English
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  • 83
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    Tectonics : Recent Advances (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Cyclic Development of Axial Parts of Slow-Spreading Ridges: Evidence from Sierra Leone Area, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 5-7°N by E.V. Sharkov --- Chapter 2: Features of Caucasian Segment of the Alpine-Himalayan Convergence Zone: Geological, Volcanological, Neotectonical, and Geophysical Data by E.V. Sharkov, V.A. Lebedev, A.G. Rodnikov, A.V. Chugaev, N.A. Sergeeva and L.P. Zabarinskaya --- Chapter 3: 3D Modelling and Basement Tectonics of the Niger Delta Basin from Aeromagnetic Data by A.A. Okiwelu and I.A. Ude --- Chapter 4: Seismic Paleo-Geomorphic System of the Extensional Province of the Niger Delta: An Example of the Okari Field by Muslim B. Aminu and Moses O. Olorunniwo --- Chapter 5: Geodynamic and Tectonostratigrafic Study of a Continental Rift: The Triassic Cuyana Basin, Argentina by Silvia Patricia Barredo --- Chapter 6: Role of the NE-SW Hercynian Master Fault Systems and Associated Lineaments on the Structuring and Evolution of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Basins of the Alpine Margin, Northern Tunisia by Fetheddine Melki, Taher Zouaghi, Mohamed Ben Chelbi, Mourad Bédir and Fouad Zargouni --- Chapter 7: An Assessment of the Earthquakes of Ancient Troy, NW Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer, Alexandros Chatzipetros, Salih Zeki Tutkun, Spyros Pavlides, Süha Özden, George Syrides, Kostas Vouvalidis, Emin Ulugergerli, Özkan Ateş and Yunus Levent Ekinci --- Chapter 8: Paleoseismological Three Dimensional Virtual Photography Method; A Case Study: Bağlarkayası-2010 Trench, Tuz Gölü Fault Zone, Central Anatolia, Turkey by Akın Kürçer and Yaşar Ergun Gökten --- Chapter 9: Structural Geological Analysis of the High Atlas (Morocco): Evidences of a Transpressional Fold-Thrust Belt by Alessandro Ellero, Giuseppe Ottria, Marco G. Malusà and Hassan Ouanaimi --- Chapter 10: Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Margin of Laurussia in the Paleozoic by Jan Golonka and Aleksandra Gawęda --- Chapter 11: Was the Precambrian Basement of Western Troms and Lofoten-Vesterålen in Northern Norway Linked to the Lewisian of Scotland? A Comparison of Crustal Components, Tectonic Evolution and Amalgamation History" by Steffen G. Bergh, Fernando Corfu, Per Inge Myhre, Kåre Kullerud, Paul E.B. Armitage, Klaas B. Zwaan, Erling K. Ravna, Robert E. Holdsworth and Anupam Chattopadhya
    Pages: Online-Ressource (330 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106753
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/tectonics-recent-advances
    Language: English
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  • 84
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : Statistical Studies, Observations and Planning (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: The study of earthquakes plays a key role in order to minimize human and material losses when they inevitably occur. Chapters in this book will be devoted to various aspects of earthquake research and analysis. The different sections present in the book span from statistical seismology studies, the latest techniques and advances on earthquake precursors and forecasting, as well as, new methods for early detection, data acquisition and interpretation. The topics are tackled from theoretical advances to practical applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (460 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535101345
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-statistical-studies-observations-and-planning
    Language: English
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  • 85
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    Approaches to Managing Disaster : Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: natural disasters ; natural hazards ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Approaches to Managing Disaster - Assessing Hazards, Emergencies and Disaster Impacts demonstrates the array of information that is critical for improving disaster management. The book reflects major management components of the disaster continuum (the nature of risk, hazard, vulnerability, planning, response and adaptation) in the context of threats that derive from both nature and technology. The chapters include a selection of original research reports by an array of international scholars focused either on specific locations or on specific events. The chapters are ordered according to the phases of emergencies and disasters. The text reflects the disciplinary diversity found within disaster management and the challenges presented by the co-mingling of science and social science in their collective efforts to promote improvements in the techniques, approaches, and decision-making by emergency-response practitioners and the public. This text demonstrates the growing complexity of disasters and their management, as well as the tests societies face every day.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (162 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535102946
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/approaches-to-managing-disaster-assessing-hazards-emergencies-and-disaster-impacts
    Language: English
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  • 86
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    Remote Sensing : Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: remote sensing ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nowadays it is hard to find areas of human activity and development that have not profited from or contributed to remote sensing. Natural, physical and social activities find in remote sensing a common ground for interaction and development. This book intends to show the reader how remote sensing impacts other areas of science, technology, and human activity, by displaying a selected number of high quality contributions dealing with different remote sensing applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106517
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/remote-sensing-applications
    Language: English
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  • 87
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    Stratigraphic Analysis of Layered Deposits (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: stratigraphy ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stratigraphy, a branch of geology, is the science of describing the vertical and lateral relationships of different rock formations formed through time to understand the earth history. These relationships may be based on lithologic properties (named lithostratigraphy), fossil content (labeled biostratigraphy), magnetic properties (called magnetostratigraphy), chemical features (named chemostratigraphy), reflection seismology (named seismic stratigraphy), age relations (called chronostratigraphy). Also, it refers to archaeological deposits called archaeological stratigraphy. Stratigraphy is built on the concept "the present is the key to the past" which was first outlined by James Hutton in the late 1700s and developed by Charles Lyell in the early 1800s. This book focuses particularly on application of geophysical methods in stratigraphic investigations and stratigraphic analysis of layered basin deposits from different geologic settings and present continental areas extending from Mexico region (north America) through Alpine belt including Italy, Greece, Iraq to Russia (northern Asia).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (298 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105787
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/stratigraphic-analysis-of-layered-deposits
    Language: English
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  • 88
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    Earthquake Research and Analysis : Seismology, Seismotectonic and Earthquake Geology (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is devoted to different aspects of earthquake research. Depending on their magnitude and the placement of the hypocenter, earthquakes have the potential to be very destructive. Given that they can cause significant losses and deaths, it is really important to understand the process and the physics of this phenomenon. This book does not focus on a unique problem in earthquake processes, but spans studies on historical earthquakes and seismology in different tectonic environments, to more applied studies on earthquake geology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (370 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533079912
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-research-and-analysis-seismology-seismotectonic-and-earthquake-geology
    Language: English
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  • 89
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    Fractal Analysis and Chaos in Geosciences (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; fractal analysis
    Description / Table of Contents: The fractal analysis is becoming a very useful tool to process obtained data from chaotic systems in geosciences. It can be used to resolve many ambiguities in this domain. This book contains eight chapters showing the recent applications of the fractal/mutifractal analysis in geosciences. Two chapters are devoted to applications of the fractal analysis in climatology, two of them to data of cosmic and solar geomagnetic data from observatories. Four chapters of the book contain some applications of the (multi-) fractal analysis in exploration geophysics. I believe that the current book is an important source for researchers and students from universities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (174 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535107293
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/fractal-analysis-and-chaos-in-geosciences
    Language: English
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  • 90
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    Updates in Volcanology : A Comprehensive Approach to Volcanological Problems (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book ranges from the geologic-petrologic description of world-wide major volcanic fields unfamiliar to international literature, to the discussion and interpretation of the results in light of geophysical techniques. It focuses on several situations that represent large-scale volcanism on Earth, related both with intra-plate or active margins. Many large volcanic complexes of Easter countries are presented, including Japan, Siberian Russia, and Mongolia. A detailed account of the European volcanic province of the Pannonia basin and Central-Southern Spain is given. Southern hemisphere areas of Antarctica and Polynesia are considered as well. The chapters are very informative for those who wish for a guide to visiting, or are curious about main characteristics of the above volcanic areas, some of which are remote and not easily accessible.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533074344
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/updates-in-volcanology-a-comprehensive-approach-to-volcanological-problems
    Language: English
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  • 91
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    Petrology : New Perspectives and Applications (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: petrology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Petrology, New Perspectives and Applications is designed for advanced graduate courses and professionals in petrology. The book includes eight chapters that are focused on the recent advances and application of modern petrologic and geochemical methods for the understanding of igneous, metamorphic and even sedimentary rocks. Research studies contained in this volume provide an overview of application of modern petrologic techniques to rocks of diverse origins. They reflect a wide variety of settings (from South America to the Far East, and from Africa to Central Asia) as well as ages ranging from late Precambrian to late Cenozoic, with several on Mesozoic/Cenozoic volcanism.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (224 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533078007
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/petrology-new-perspectives-and-applications
    Language: English
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  • 92
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    Earthquake Engineering (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: earthquake ; seismology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Recent major earthquakes around the world have shown the vulnerability of infrastructure and the need for research to better understand the nature of seismic events and their effects on structures. As a result, earthquake engineering research has been expanding as more and more data become available from a large array of seismic instruments, large scale experiments and numerical simulations. The first part of this book presents results from some of the current seismic research work including three-dimensional wave propagation in different soil media, seismic loss assessment, probabilistic hazard analysis, geotechnical problems including soil-structure interaction. The second part of the book focuses on the seismic behavior of structures including historical and monumental structures, bridge embankments, and different types of bridges and bearings.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535106944
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/earthquake-engineering
    Language: English
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  • 93
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    Geochemistry : Earth's System Processes (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geochemistry ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book brings together the knowledge from a variety of topics within the field of geochemistry. The audience for this book consists of a multitude of scientists such as physicists, geologists, technologists, petroleum engineers, volcanologists, geochemists and government agencies. The topics represented facilitate as establishing a starting point for new ideas and further contributions. An effective management of geological and environmental issues requires the understanding of recent research in minerals, soil, ores, rocks, water, sediments. The use of geostatistical and geochemical methods relies heavily on the extraction of this book. The research presented was carried out by experts and is therefore highly recommended to scientists, under- and post-graduate students who want to gain knowledge about the recent developments in geochemistry and benefit from an enhanced understanding of the dynamics of the earth's system processes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105862
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/geochemistry-earth-s-system-processes
    Language: English
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  • 94
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    Updates in Volcanology : New Advances in Understanding Volcanic Systems (2012)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: volcanology ; geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book is the second volume of the Updates in Volcanology and presents review style chapters as well as stand alone research works on volcanological problems that could be used as valuable resource for both researchers and graduate research students. The book presents chapters arching over a broad field of volcanology among many are considered to be dynamically developing subject areas such as volcano morphology, volcanic terrain evolution or volcaniclastic-hosted mineral resource analysis. The book also takes the reader to areas such as the Russian Far East or sedimentary basins in China which are very remote and generally less known for the global community. This book demonstrates the dynamic evolution of volcanology in the past decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (278 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535109150
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/updates-in-volcanology-new-advances-in-understanding-volcanic-systems
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  • 95
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    Modeling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: 28th IUGG Conference on Mathematical Geophysics; Pisa, Italy, 7–11 June 2010; The capabilities and limits of mathematical models applied to a variety of geophysical processes were discussed during the 28th international Conference on Mathematical Geophysics, held in Italy (see the conference Web site (http://cmg2010.pi.ingv.it), which includes abstracts). The conference was organized by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) Commission on Mathematical Geophysics (CMG) and the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia and was cosponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation. The meeting was attended by more than 160 researchers from 26 countries and was dedicated to the theme “Modelling Earth Dynamics: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Validation.” Many talks were dedicated to illustration of the complexities affecting geophysical processes. Novel applications of geophysical fluid dynamics were presented, with specific reference to volcanological and ­subsurface/surface flow processes. In most cases, investigations highlighted the need for multidimensional and multiphase flow models able to describe the nonlinear effects associated with the nonhomogeneous nature of the matter. Fluid dynamic models of atmospheric, oceanic, and environmental systems also illustrated the fundamental role of nonlinear couplings between the different subsystems. Similarly, solid Earth models have made it possible to obtain the first tomographies of the planet; to formulate nonlocal and dynamic damage models of rocks; to investigate statistically the triggering, clustering, and synchronization of faults; and to develop realistic simulators of the planetary dynamo, plate tectonics, and gravity and magnetic fields.
    Description: Published
    Description: 506
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: mathematical models ; geophysics ; uncertainty ; validation ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 96
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    Tectonics (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics ; tectonics ; seismology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Plates Amalgamation and Plate Destruction, the Western Gondwana History by Ngako Vincent and Njonfang Emmanuel --- Chapter 2: Lithospheric Structure and Tectonics of the Eastern Alps – Evidence from New Seismic Data by Ewald Brückl --- Chapter 3: Structure and Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Northern Outer Carpathians by Jan Golonka, Kaja Pietsch and Paweł Marzec --- Chapter 4: Tectonic Model of the Sinai Peninsula Based on Geophysical Investigations by Taha Rabeh --- Chapter 5: Siberia - From Rodinia to Eurasia by Dmitry V. Metelkin, Valery A. Vernikovsky and Alexey Yu. Kazansky --- Chapter 6: Proto-Basin Types of North China Craton (NCC) in Late Triassic and Its Implication for Regional Tectonics of Initial Craton Destruction by Yang Minghui, Liu Chiyang, Zeng Peng, Bai Hua and Zhou Jin --- Chapter 7: Tectonic Implications of Stratigraphy Architecture in Distal Part of Foreland Basin, Southwestern Taiwan by Jong-Chang Wu, Kenn-Ming Yang, Yi-Ru Chen and Wen-Rong Chi --- Chapter 8: Seismic Hazard in Tien Shan: Basement Structure Control Over the Deformation Induced by Indo-Eurasia Collision by Buslov, Mikhail M. and De Grave, Johan --- Chapter 9: Lithosphere as a Nonlinear System: Geodynamic Consequences by E. G. Mirlin --- Chapter 10: Layer-Block Tectonics, a New Concept of Plate Tectonics - An Example from Nansha Micro-Plate, Southern South China Sea by Hai-ling Liu, Hong-bo Zheng, Yan-Lin Wang, Chao-Hua Wu, Mei-Song Zhao and Yun-Kong Du --- Chapter 11: The Role of Geoelectrical DC Methods in Determining the Subsurface Tectonics Features. Case Studies from Syria by Jamal Asfahani --- Chapter 12: Salt Tectonics of the Lisan Diapir Revealed by Synthetic Aperture Radar Images by Damien Closson, Najib Abou Karaki, Nada Milisavljević, Frédéric Hallot, and Marc Acheroy --- Chapter 13: Mantle-like Trace Element Composition of Petroleum – Contributions from Serpentinizing Peridotites by Peter Szatmari, Teresa Cristina O. da Fonseca and Norbert F. Miekeley
    Pages: Online-Ressource (358 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075457
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/tectonics
    Language: English
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  • 97
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    New Frontiers in Tectonic Research : At the Midst of Plate Convergence (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ocean closure involves a variety of converging tectonic processes that reshape shrinking basins, their adjacent margins and the entire earth underneath. Following continental breakup, margin formation and sediment accumulation, tectonics normally relaxes and the margins become passive for millions of years. However, when final convergence is at the gate, the passive days of any ocean and its margins are over or soon will be. The fate of the Mediterranean and Persian Gulf is seemingly known beforehand, as they are nestled in the midst of Africa-Arabia plate convergence with Eurasia. Over millions of years through the Cenozoic era they progressively shriveled, leaving only a glimpse of the Tethys Ocean. Eventually, the basins will adhere to the Alpine-Himalaya orogen and dissipate. This book focuses on a unique stage in the ocean closure process, when significant convergence already induced major deformations, yet the inter-plate basins and margins still record the geological history.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (352 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533075945
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/new-frontiers-in-tectonic-research-at-the-midst-of-plate-convergence
    Language: English
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  • 98
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    Advances in Data, Methods, Models and Their Applications in Geoscience (2011)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: geology ; geophysics
    Description / Table of Contents: With growing attention on global environmental and climate change, geoscience has experienced rapid change and development in the last three decades. Many new data, methods and modeling techniques have been developed and applied in various aspects of geoscience. The chapters collected in this book present an excellent profile of the current state of various data, analysis methods and modeling techniques, and demonstrate their applications from hydrology, geology and paleogeomorphology, to geophysics, environmental and climate change. The wide range methods and techniques covered in the book include information systems and technology, global position system (GPS), digital sediment core image analysis, fuzzy set theory for hydrology, spatial interpolation, spectral analysis of geophysical data, GIS-based hydrological models, high resolution geological models, 3D sedimentology, change detection from remote sensing, etc. Besides two comprehensive review articles, most chapters focus on in-depth studies of a particular method or technique.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (336 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533077376
    URL: http://www.intechweb.org/books/show/title/advances-in-data-methods-models-and-their-applications-in-geoscience
    Language: English
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    Standardization of Seismic Tomographic Models and Earthquake Focal Mechanisms Datasets Based on Web Technologies, Visualization with Keyhole Markup Language (2010)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present two projects in seismology that have been ported to web technologies, which provide results in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) visualization layers. These use the Google Earth geo-browser as the flexible platform that can substitute specialized graphical tools to perform qualitative visual data analyses and comparisons. The Network of Research Infrastructures for European Seismology (NERIES) Tomographic Earth Model Repository contains datasets from over 20 models from the literature. A hierarchical structure of folders that represent the sets of depths for each model is implemented in KML, and this immediately results into an intuitive interface for users to navigate freely and to compare tomographic plots. The KML layer for the European-Mediterranean Regional Centroid-Moment Tensor Catalog displays the focal mechanism solutions or moderate magnitude Earthquakes from 1997 to the present. Our aim in both projects was to also propose standard representations of scientific datasets. Here, the general semantic approach of XML has an important impact that must be further explored, although we find the KML syntax to be more shifted towards detailed visualization aspects. We have thus used, and propose the use of, Javascript Object Notation (JSON), another semantic notation that stems from the web-development community that provides a compact, general-purpose, data-exchange format.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 5.2. TTC - Banche dati di sismologia strumentale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: seismology ; geophysics ; json ; googleEarth ; kml ; xml ; web standards ; semantic data ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 100
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    Geoscience and Remote Sensing, New Achievements (2010)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: civil engineering ; geology ; geophysics ; geodesy ; remote sensing
    Description / Table of Contents: Our planet is nowadays continuously monitored by powerful remote sensors operating in wide portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Our capability of acquiring detailed information on the environment has been revolutionized by revealing its inner structure, morphology and dynamical changes. The way we now observe and study the evolution of the Earth’s status has even radically influenced our perception and conception of the world we live in. The aim of this book is to bring together contributions from experts to present new research results and prospects of the future developments in the area of geosciences and remote sensing; emerging research directions are discussed. The volume consists of twenty-six chapters, encompassing both theoretical aspects and application-oriented studies. An unfolding perspective on various current trends in this extremely rich area is offered. The book chapters can be categorized along different perspectives, among others, use of active or passive sensors, employed technologies and configurations, considered scenario on the Earth, scientific research area involved in the studies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (508 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789537619978
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/show/title/geoscience-and-remote-sensing-new-achievements
    Language: English
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