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  • 101
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    Taylor & Francis
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This is an edited collection of peer-reviewed papers presented at the Ninth International Conference of the Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Defined as the relationship between human body structure and function, kinanthropometry is an area of growing interest, and these proceedings will be of use to students, academics and professionals in the areas of ergonomics, sports science, nutrition, health, and other allied fields. The assembled works represent the latest research findings across kinanthropometry, moving the discipline forward and promoting good practice and the exchange of expertise.
    Keywords: body ; composition ; endomorphic ; mesomorphs ; fat ; free ; mass ; dual ; energy ; x-ray ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSX Human biology ; thema EDItEUR::S Sports and Active outdoor recreation
    Language: English
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  • 102
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Keywords: intergovernmental ; climate ; stakeholders ; technology ; geopolitical ; investments ; demand ; supply ; sustainability ; incentives ; public ; management ; financing ; infrastructures ; taxation ; energy ; legislation
    Language: English
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  • 103
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Data on nutritional status of human populations are periodically needed, as well as their relationships with anthropometry, body composition, body image and energy expenditure, and also with health lifestyle outcomes. All these parameters contribute jointly to give a complete knowledge on dietary and lifestyle habits, and hence how to proceed to improve it in order to enjoy an optimal healthy status. So, you are kindly invited to submit proposals for manuscripts that fit the objectives and the topics of this Nutrients Special issue.The aim of this proposed Nutrients Special Issue on ""Anthropometry, Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Humans"" is to publish selected papers detailing specific aspects of anthropometric, body composition and energy expenditure data in human populations and their relationships with nutritional status, as well as nutritional surveys and trials that examine measured differences or changes in these parameters are also cordially invited.
    Keywords: HM401-1281 ; H1-99 ; weight and fat ; cardio-metabolic risk ; anthropometry ; physical condition ; body weight ; resting energy expenditure ; dietary influences ; body composition ; handgrip muscle strength ; children ; obesity ; validation ; energy ; visceral adipose tissue ; free fat mass ; nut consumption ; adolescents ; waist circumference ; Mediterranean diet ; body mass index ; metabolic rate ; ABSI ; metabolic syndrome ; nuts ; lifestyle outcomes ; indirect calorimetry ; adiposity ; elderly ; fat mass ; exercise ; energy balance ; Qatar Biobank ; cardiovascular risk disease ; walnuts ; diet ; 8-foot time up-and-go ; sarcopenia ; BMI ; nutritional status ; nutrient adequacy ; bioelectrical impedance ; waist-to-height ratio ; food allergy ; basal metabolism ; diet quality ; Diabetes ; sleeve gastrectomy ; dual X-ray absorptiometry ; food intake ; body fat ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFP Social interaction
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  • 104
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: You read about it every day: How can we create a sustainable, reliable and affordable energy supply? Does a local water supply play a role in this? Why don’t we drive hydrogen cars that are powered by the sun and rain? The availability of cheap green energy is increasing. . We have solar and wind power, and even energy derived from ambient heat. At the same time we have very diverse energy needs: fuel for cars, electricity, heat for buildings, feedstock for industrial processes, to name just a few. Energy supply and demand do not match, which means that we have to match resources, storage and consumption in an intelligent way. Solar Power to the People casts a thoughtful vision on sustainable energy. We have to bring the power of the sun to the people. That is what sustainable energy and water is all about. The authors believe we have to act quickly. The matter is urgent.
    Keywords: TJ1-1570 ; GE1-350 ; solar ; sustainability ; energy ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TD Industrial chemistry and manufacturing technologies::TDC Industrial chemistry and chemical engineering::TDCW Pharmaceutical chemistry and technology
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  • 105
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    Duke University Press
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Between 2009 and 2013 Cymene Howe and Dominic Boyer conducted fieldwork in Mexico's Isthmus of Tehuantepec to examine the political, social, and ecological dimensions of moving from fossil fuels to wind power. Their work manifested itself as a new ethnographic form: the duograph—a combination of two single-authored books that draw on shared fieldsites, archives, and encounters that can be productively read together, yet can also stand alone in their analytic ambitions. In his volume, Energopolitics, Boyer examines the politics of wind power and how it is shaped by myriad factors, from the legacies of settler colonialism and indigenous resistance to state bureaucracy and corporate investment. Drawing on interviews with activists, campesinos, engineers, bureaucrats, politicians, and bankers, Boyer outlines the fundamental impact of energy and fuel on political power. Boyer also demonstrates how large conceptual frameworks cannot adequately explain the fraught and uniquely complicated conditions on the isthmus, illustrating the need to resist narratives of anthropocenic universalism and to attend to local particularities.
    Keywords: anthropocene ; energy ; power ; development ; Mexico ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 106
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: With the growing emphasis on enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of industrial plants, process integration and intensification are gaining additional interest throughout the chemical engineering community. Some of the hallmarks of process integration and intensification include a holistic perspective in design, and the enhancement of material and energy intensity. The techniques are applicable for individual unit operations, multiple units, a whole industrial facility, or even a cluster of industrial plants. This book aims to cover recent advances in the development and application of process integration and intensification. Specific applications are reported for hydraulic fracturing, palm oil milling processes, desalination, reactive distillation, reaction network, adsorption processes, herbal medicine extraction, as well as process control.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; input shaping ; n/a ; integrating ; flexibility index ; breakthrough ; mixing ; membrane distillation ; regulatory ; utilisation index ; experimental ; underdamped ; PMPS particles ; EDCs ; phytomedicines ; natural products ; reactive distillation ; optimisation ; optimization ; multiple steady state ; steady state simulation ; design ; CFD-simulation ; manufacturing ; compartmental modeling ; energy ; surrogate-based optimization ; adsorption ; feasible operating range analysis ; model order reduction ; competing reaction system ; desalination ; extraction ; water ; mathematical programming ; graphical approach ; hydraulic fracturing ; unstable ; humidification ; reaction conversion ; dehumidification ; TAME synthesis ; fixed-bed column ; predictive control ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 107
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Advances in carbon Management Technologies comprises 43 chapters, in 2 volumes, contributed by experts from all over the world. Volume 1 of the book, containing 22 chapters, discusses the status of technologies capable of yielding substantial reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from major combustion sources. Such technologies include renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels, and technologies to capture CO2 after fossil fuel combustion or directly from the atmosphere, with subsequent permanent long-term storage. The introductory chapter emphasizes the gravity of the issues related to greenhouse gas emission-global temperature correlation, the state of the art of key technologies and the necessary emission reductions needed to meet international warming targets. Section 1 deals with global challenges associated with key fossil fuel mitigation technologies, including removing CO2 from the atmosphere, and emission measurements. Section 2 presents technological choices for coal, petroleum, and natural gas for the purpose of reducing carbon footprints associated with the utilization of such fuels. Section 3 deals with promising contributions of alternatives to fossil fuels, such as hydropower, nuclear, solar photovoltaics, and wind.
    Keywords: carbon ; energy ; renewable ; technologies ; TQ ; PS ; THX ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 108
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book includes original research papers related to renewable energy and power systems in which theoretical or practical issues of symmetry are considered. The book includes contributions on voltage stability analysis in DC networks, optimal dispatch of islanded microgrid systems, reactive power compensation, direct power compensation, optimal location and sizing of photovoltaic sources in DC networks, layout of parabolic trough solar collectors, topologic analysis of high-voltage transmission grids, geometric algebra and power systems, filter design for harmonic current compensation. The contributions included in this book describe the state of the art in this field and shed light on the possibilities that the study of symmetry has in power grids and renewable energy systems.
    Keywords: backstepping method ; hybrid power active filter ; harmonic current compensation ; geometric algebra ; nonsinusoidal power ; passive compensation ; clifford algebra ; circuit systems ; power grids ; supergrids ; high-voltage power transmission ; complex networks ; community detection ; modularity ; evolutionary algorithms ; generational genetic algorithm ; modularity and improved genetic algorithm ; Louvain modularity algorithm ; CSP ; PTC rows ; solar ; shadowing ; energy ; renewable energy ; artificial neural networks ; diesel generation ; direct current networks ; greenhouse emissions ; numerical optimization ; mixed-integer nonlinear programming photovoltaic plants ; distribution networks ; direct power control ; global tracking controller ; passivity-based control ; supercapacitor energy storage system ; reactive power ; thyristor-controlled reactor ; air-gaped reactor ; low-voltage utility grid ; asymmetric compensation of reactive power ; smooth compensation of reactive power ; dynamic optimal dispatch ; wind turbine ; photovoltaic ; Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) ; energy management ; convex reformulation ; non-linear optimization ; numerical example ; second-order cone programming ; voltage stability margin ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The global population aged over 60 is set to rise dramatically in the coming decades. In many countries, the older population now faces the prospect of spending a quarter of their lives aged over 65, and a significant proportion will have to cope with cognitive decline associated with normal ageing or with dementia disorders. Given that these fundamental demographic changes will pose a significant challenge to health care systems, a detailed understanding of age-related cognitive and neurobiological changes is essential in helping elderly populations maintain cognitive performance. In addition, developing sensitive biomarkers to identify those at risk of developing dementia is crucial for early and effective interventions. To make inferences about the ageing process from the animal model back to the human, rigorous behavioral paradigms must be used to ensure that the same function is being examined across species. Given that similar navigational paradigms can easily be applied to humans and animals, recent years have seen an expansion of studies attempting to bridge the gap between age-related changes in animal and human spatial cognition. These studies begin to suggest that disruptions in spatial computations are among the earliest indicators of impending cognitive decline. In addition, although many animal studies have identified pathological mechanisms with paradigms involving spatial navigation, these mechanisms support many nonspatial cognitive functions as well. As a consequence, a successful characterization of how spatial processing changes in the ageing brain could reveal fundamental effects of cognitive ageing that could inform about general mechanisms underlying decline in perception, mnemonic processing and multisensory integration.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; Neuroscience ; spatial navigation ; Humans ; Aging ; Animal Models ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
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  • 110
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy Systems Engineering is one of the most exciting and fastest growing fields in engineering. Modeling and simulation plays a key role in Energy Systems Engineering because it is the primary basis on which energy system design, control, optimization, and analysis are based. This book contains a specially curated collection of recent research articles on the modeling and simulation of energy systems written by top experts around the world from universities and research labs, such as Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Yale University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, National Energy Technology Laboratory of the US Department of Energy, University of Technology Sydney, McMaster University, Queens University, Purdue University, the University of Connecticut, Technical University of Denmark, the University of Toronto, Technische Universität Berlin, Texas A&M, the University of Pennsylvania, and many more. The key research themes covered include energy systems design, control systems, flexible operations, operational strategies, and systems analysis. The addressed areas of application include electric power generation, refrigeration cycles, natural gas liquefaction, shale gas treatment, concentrated solar power, waste-to-energy systems, micro-gas turbines, carbon dioxide capture systems, energy storage, petroleum refinery unit operations, Brayton cycles, to name but a few.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; FCMP ; modeling and simulation ; multiphase equilibrium ; modeling ; polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) ; dynamic simulation ; simulation ; multi-scale systems engineering ; process simulation ; cycling ; time-delay ; exergy loss ; gas path analysis ; oil and gas ; solar PV ; optimization ; second law efficiency ; auto thermal reformer ; friction factor ; optimal battery operation ; biodiesel ; energy ; time-varying operation ; efficiency ; process synthesis and design ; nonsmooth modeling ; mixture ratio ; supercritical CO2 ; dynamic optimization ; technoeconomic analysis ; work and heat integration ; compressibility factor ; multi-objective optimisation ; circulating fluidized bed boiler ; wind power ; naphtha recovery unit ; cost optimization ; recompression cycle ; hybrid Life Cycle Assessment ; post-combustion CO2 capture ; piecewise-linear function generation ; solar energy ; industrial process heat ; kriging ; statistical model ; supercritical pulverized coal (SCPC) ; parabolic trough ; combined cycle ; H2O-LiBr working pair ; linearization ; process integration ; smith predictor ; process design ; analysis by synthesis ; MINLP ; methyl-oleate ; diagnostics ; offshore wind ; double-effect system ; shale gas condensate ; geothermal energy ; multi-loop control ; R123 ; waste to energy ; hybrid system ; cogeneration ; energy storage ; energy efficiency ; nonlinear mathematical programming ; superstructure ; concentrating solar thermal ; desalination ; modelling ; binary cycle ; organic Rankine cycle ; refuse derived fuel ; power plants ; WHENS ; process control ; compressor modeling ; energy systems ; PTC ; life cycle analysis ; natural gas transportation ; isentropic exponent ; top-down models ; thermal storage ; supercritical carbon dioxide ; operations ; sustainable process design ; hybrid solar ; energy management ; R245fa ; building blocks ; energy economics ; micro gas turbine ; CSP ; fuel cost minimization problem ; CST ; palladium membrane hydrogen separation ; battery degradation ; optimal control ; RK-ASPEN ; process systems engineering ; supervisory control ; absorption refrigeration ; concentrating solar power ; shale gas condensate-to-heavier liquids ; Dieng ; DMR liquefaction processes ; dynamic modeling ; Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) ; load-following ; demand response ; Indonesia ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 111
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: River catchments and reservoirs play a central role in water security, food supply, flood risk management, hydropower generation, and ecosystem services; however, they are now under increasing pressure from population growth, economic activities, and changing climate means and extremes in many parts of the world. Adaptive management of river catchments and reservoirs requires an in-depth understanding of the impacts of future uncertainties and thus the development of robust, sustainable solutions to meet the needs of various stakeholders and the environment. To tackle the huge challenges in moving towards adaptive catchment management, this book presents the latest developments in cutting-edge knowledge, novel methodologies, innovative management strategies, and case studies, focusing on the following themes: reservoir dynamics and impact analysis of dam construction, optimal reservoir operation, climate change impacts on hydrological processes and water management, and integrated catchment management.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; downscaling ; suspended sediment concentration ; modeling ; South-to-North Water Transfer Project ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; protection zone ; reservoirs ; mussel ; sediment regime ; resilience and robustness ; optimal flood control operation ; multi-objective model ; optimization ; scenario analysis ; floodplain vertical shape index ; aftereffect ; lentic habitats ; energy ; stochastic linear programming ; ?-constrained method ; Tekeze basin ; runoff ; cascade reservoirs ; costs and benefits ; sediment flushing efficiency ; vulnerability ; Heihe River Basin ; TB-MPC ; heating impact ; flushing efficiency ; system dynamics ; Indian Monsoon ; shaft spillway pipe ; integrated supply system modeling ; seasonal rainfall ; sediment management ; design and operation of the multipurpose reservoir ; Kappa distribution ; CO2 ; reliability ; uncertainty ; Yangtze River ; Markov chain ; the Yangtze River ; Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model ; land and water resources ; integrated surface water-groundwater model ; Heilongjiang ; Kurobe River ; flow regime ; numerical simulation ; long distance water diversion ; tropical reservoir ; multi-stage stochastic optimization ; direct policy search ; inverted siphon ; environmental flow ; parameterization ; accompanying progressive optimality algorithm ; integrated management ; hydropower stations ; differential evolution algorithm ; sediment flushing of empty storage ; back propagation neural network ; NSGA-II ; two-dimensional bed evolution model ; real-time control ; upper Chao Phraya River Basin ; CMIP5 ; genetic algorithm ; dam ; irrigation ; CMIP3 ; water energy ; discharge ; the Jingjiang River Reach ; water environmental capacity (WEC) ; climate change ; shortage ratio: Vulnerability ; optimal scheduling ; hydrology ; Siemianówka ; ungauged basin ; game theory ; power function ; SWAT ; Dokan Dam ; natural flow regime ; bitterling ; reservoir flushing ; vertical profiles of concentration ; ratio curve ; partial gauged basin ; sediment load ; adaptive management ; water deficit ; the upper Yangtze River Basin ; Miyun Reservoir ; parameter relation ; stochastic dynamic programming ; NPP ; runoff response ; Narew River ; coupling model ; Langcang-Mekong River ; drinking water resources ; the Huangshi Reservoir ; reverse regulation ; nutrient uptake ; water resources allocation ; multi-agent of river basin ; HEC-ResPRM ; dynamic programming with progressive optimality algorithm (DP-POA) ; reservoir operation ; sea surface temperatures ; reservoir simulation model ; SWAT model ; El Niño/Southern Oscillation ; CORDEX-Africa ; hedging policy ; multi-objective optimization NSGA II ; reservoir ; general regression neural network ; flood control ; Jingjiang River Reach ; catchment modelling ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The evolution of industrial development since the 18th century is now experiencing the fourth industrial revolution. The effect of the development has propagated into almost every sector of the industry. From inventory to the circular economy, the effectiveness of technology has been fruitful for industry. The recent trends in research, with new ideas and methodologies, are included in this book. Several new ideas and business strategies are developed in the area of the supply chain management, logistics, optimization, and forecasting for the improvement of the economy of the society and the environment. The proposed technologies and ideas are either novel or help modify several other new ideas. Different real life problems with different dimensions are discussed in the book so that readers may connect with the recent issues in society and industry. The collection of the articles provides a glimpse into the new research trends in technology, business, and the environment.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; Supply chain management ; benchmarking ; simulation ; mathematical analytic tools and techniques ; system reliability ; Trade-credit financing ; order allocation ; decomposition principle ; efficiency and scatter plots ; sustainable healthcare system ; workplace stress ; optimization ; defective rate ; electric power distribution ; newsvendor ; inspection ; energy ; air quality ; triangular fuzzy number ; quality control ; supplier selection ; multi-stage production system ; robustness ; offline inspection ; workers’ efficiency ; transshipments ; imperfect products ; process imperfection ; Bayesian approach ; imperfect production ; inventory modelling and optimization ; information asymmetry ; supply chain management ; framework for agile distributed development ; human-based production system ; lead-time reduction ; staff absenteeism ; inventory control ; fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP) ; sustainable ; develop strategies ; fuzzy optimization ; preventive maintenance ; imperfect quality ; refrigerated trucks ; petrochemical industries ; economic order quantity (EOQ) ; defectives ; substitute and complimentary items ; production modelling ; stochastic-petri net modeling ; supply chain inventory ; defective products ; transport infrastructure ; data envelopment analysis ; advertisement ; e-commerce ; price discounts ; recurrent states ; variable demand ; machine breakdown ; industry 4.0 ; rough interval ; partial trade credit ; business performance ; mixed integer nonlinear programming ; fixed charge ; preservation technology investment ; repairable system ; multicriteria decision making (MCDM) ; managerial considerations and managerial decisions ; four-dimensional transportation problem ; time series analysis ; permissible delays in payments ; integer linear programming ; process mean ; backordering ; stochastic-price dependent demand ; controllable probabilistic deterioration rate ; budget constraint ; likelihood ratio test ; radio frequency identification ; rework ; supplier selection process ; deteriorating items ; smart production ; scheduling ; green data envelopment analysis (GDEA) ; Cash discounts ; learning behavior ; imperfect manufacturing system ; inspection cost ; airborne particulate matter ; reworking ; fuzzy demand ; optimal algorithms ; distributed development ; sustainability ; distribution-free approach ; decision support systems ; evolutionary algorithm ; backorder ; inspection errors ; waste reduction ; resilient supply chain ; space constraint ; hybrid manufacturing- remanufacturing strategy ; edible oil ; complementary products ; CLSC management ; carbon emission ; change point detection ; revenue sharing ; production ; random defective rate ; pricing policy ; agile development ; inventory ; mathematical solution procedure ; reliability threshold ; outgoing quality ; disruption risks ; multi-objective ; strict quasi-concavity ; optimized limits ; uncertain information ; full trade credit ; customer acquisition cost ; Lean manufacturing ; imperfect repair ; substitutable products ; dynamic job-shop scheduling ; patient’s queue ; application program interfaces in agile distributed projects ; internet of things ; deterioration ; O2O channel ; targeting model ; lean manufacturing ; multidimensional scaling ; technical and super-efficiencies ; pricing ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 113
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Athletes and their support personnel are constantly seeking evidence-informed recommendations to enhance athletic performance during competition and to optimize training-induced adaptations. Accordingly, nutritional and supplementation strategies are commonplace when seeking to achieve these aims, with such practices being implemented before, during, or after competition and/or training in a periodized manner. Performance nutrition is becoming increasingly specialized and needs to consider the diversity of athletes and the nature of the competitions. This Special Issue, Nutrition Support for Athletic Performance, describes recent advances in these areas.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; satiety ; n/a ; polyphenols ; Paralympic ; intermittent exercise ; ammonia ; carbohydrate intake ; supplementation ; elite athletes ; recommendations ; muscle function ; carbohydrate ; exercise-induced muscle damage ; nutrition knowledge ; work capacity ; nutritional supplements ; pomegranate ; dietary protein ; peptide YY ; energy availability ; energy ; nitric oxide ; antioxidant ; stroke count ; athletes ; sports nutrition ; female athletes ; ghrelin ; nutrition ; nutritional recommendations ; fluid replacement ; central fatigue ; Paralympic athlete ; dietary intervention ; wheelchair rugby ; resistance training ; quadriplegic athletes ; gender ; hypertrophy ; exercise ; energy balance ; recovery ; endurance ; chrononutrition ; sleep ; RED-S ; immune function ; dietary supplements ; physical performance ; ergogenic aids ; diet ; tryptophan ; glucose ; stroke rate ; oral microbiome ; health ; team sports ; fructose ; calories ; muscle mass ; exercise and sport nutrition ; anaerobic power ; athletics ; tart cherry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 114
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: This book looks at the ways that energy, food, and water help to create connections between sustainability and security. The concept of security is in our current societies increasingly connected with sustainability, which seeks to ensure that we as humans are able to live and prosper on this planet now and in the future. The concepts of energy security, food security, and water security—used separately or together—manifest the burgeoning linkages between security and sustainability. This book brings together ten scientific articles that look at different aspects of security, sustainability, and resilience with an emphasis on energy, food, and/or water in the context of Finland and Europe. Together, the articles portray a rich picture on the diverse linkages between both energy, food, and water, and between security and sustainability. In sum, the articles and related preface conclude that ensuring sustainable security—or secure sustainability—requires systemic, structured processes that link the policies and actors in these two important but still distant fields.
    Keywords: HN1-995 ; HM401-1281 ; H1-99 ; adaptive governance ; critical infrastructure ; reallocation ; manure treatment ; societal transformation ; environmental security ; energy ; climate change ; energy trade ; interdependencies ; eutrophication ; water-intensive products ; nutrient loading ; water ; sustainability ; co-benefits ; water scarcity ; virtual water ; hydrological modeling ; Finland ; water stress ; security impacts ; animal-based diets ; nexus ; water depletion index ; diet change ; qualitative assessment ; consumer behaviour ; energy and food nexus ; EU law ; Russia ; security ; land use ; indexes ; terrorism ; energy security ; resilience ; import dependence ; sustainable diets ; plant-based diets ; water security ; water protection ; animal agriculture ; groundwater ; energy policy ; food culture ; food ; cattle production ; trade ; consumptive water use ; assessment framework ; preparedness ; regulation ; drought ; global water models ; food security ; environmental policy ; water–energy–food security nexus ; linkages
    Language: English
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  • 115
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book results from a Special Issue published in Energies, entitled “Building Thermal Envelope"". Its intent is to identify emerging research areas within the field of building thermal envelope solutions and contribute to the increased use of more energy-efficient solutions in new and refurbished buildings. Its contents are organized in the following sections: Building envelope materials and systems envisaging indoor comfort and energy efficiency; Building thermal and energy modelling and simulation; Lab test procedures and methods of field measurement to assess the performance of materials and building solutions; Smart materials and renewable energy in building envelope; Adaptive and intelligent building envelope; and Integrated building envelope technologies for high performance buildings and cities.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TH1-9745 ; T1-995 ; actual physical performance test ; n/a ; thermal performance ; building component development ; peak load reduction ; opaque exterior wall ; simulation performance test ; cork ; Designbuilder simulation ; U-value ; natural ventilation ; temperature distribution ; thermal transmittance ; awning window ; energy efficiency ; passive solar building ; traditional Diyarbak?r houses ; hot box ; energy ; thermal insulating rendering mortar ; window thermal performance ; energy retrofitting ; hybrid heat collecting facade (HHCF) ; thermosyphon ; measuring and control system ; Green Mark ; green buildings ; data post-processing ; building envelope ; thermographic measurement ; courtyard ; air environment ; envelope thermal performance ; heat transfer ; CFD ; expanded polystyrene (EPS) ; Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD) ; convergence characteristics ; window type ; Building Information Modeling ; settlement ; cloud-based ; average method ; roof window ; gray polystyrene ; thermal management ; life cycle assessment ; school restroom ; natural circulation loop ; heat flow meter method ; digital temperature probes ; heat transfer model ; artificial sun ; life cycle costs ; thermal anisotropy ; thermal resistance ; passive building ; energy performance ; thermal models ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 116
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs) explores four important topics of research in the context of UWNs: asset management, modeling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the urban drainage systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modeling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs, and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modeling of an urban river with a complex cross-section.
    Keywords: drainage network ; climate change ; rehabilitation ; optimization ; SWMM ; drainage networks ; flooding ; multi-objective optimization ; water network partition ; genetic algorithm ; hydraulic ; water quality ; actions ; asset management ; ANN ; prediction ; performance ; water utility ; water system ; NSGA-II ; GIS modeling ; leakage management ; urban water network management ; valve closing algorithm ; web 2.0 ; total suspended solids ; in-situ ; erosion ; sedimentation ; pressure pipe ; sewage ; water distribution systems ; pipe bursts ; hydraulic transients ; real-time control ; machine learning ; sediment transport model ; numerical simulation ; advection-dispersion equation ; water distribution networks ; transmission mains ; pump as turbine ; energy recovery ; hydropower ; multi-objective ; water consumption ; chaos theory ; local approximation ; Kelowna ; gene expression programming ; trapezoidal stretch ; transition stretch ; culvert ; open channel ; hydraulic factors ; sewer design ; stochastic sewer modelling ; wastewater quality ; household discharge ; reduced water consumption ; flow regime transition ; finite volume methods ; numerical oscillations ; numerical viscosity ; Preissmann slot model ; hydraulic simulation ; water demand ; emergency scenario ; intermittent water supply ; water management ; WaterGEMS software ; pressure control ; leakage reduction strategies ; water distribution system modeling ; urban drainage system modeling ; emergency scenarios ; leakage ; demand ; energy ; sediment transport ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 117
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    Duke University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Between 2009 and 2013 Cymene Howe and Dominic Boyer conducted fieldwork in Mexico's Isthmus of Tehuantepec to examine the political, social, and ecological dimensions of moving from fossil fuels to wind power. Their work manifested itself as a new ethnographic form: the duograph—a combination of two single-authored books that draw on shared fieldsites, archives, and encounters that can be productively read together, yet can also stand alone in their analytic ambitions. In her volume, Ecologics, Howe narrates how an antidote to the Anthropocene became both failure and success. Tracking the development of what would have been Latin America's largest wind park, Howe documents indigenous people's resistance to the project and the political and corporate climate that derailed its renewable energy potential. Using feminist and more-than-human theories, Howe demonstrates how the dynamics of energy and environment cannot be captured without understanding how human aspirations for energy articulate with nonhuman beings, technomaterial objects, and the geophysical forces that are at the heart of wind and power.
    Keywords: anthropocene ; energy ; more-than-human ; politics ; Mexico ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: English
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    Taylor & Francis | Advances in Carbon Management Technologies | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: The use of renewable energy sources for multi-generation plants (plants with multiple products, e.g., heat, power, cooling, fresh water) is beneficial to mitigating climate change and to achieving sustainable development. Concentrated solar power plants take advantage of producing heat that can be used for power generation, thermal energy driven refrigeration, desalination, and other heating purposes. Moreover, concentrated solar power plants combined with thermal energy storage provide a cost-effective solution for long-term storage and solve the mismatch problem between supply and demand. For small to medium-scale applications (a few kWe to a few MWe), organic Rankine cycle power systems have been demonstrated to be efficient solutions for multi-generation plants. In this chapter, different concentrated solar power technologies for small to medium-scale applications are reviewed, and multi-generation systems based on the organic Rankine cycle technology are presented. Furthermore, the technical and economic viabilities of using concentrated solar energy powered organic Rankine cycle plants for multi-generation are discussed. Issues related to the system design and integration with different systems (e.g., vapor absorption system for cooling, multi-effect desalination for fresh water generation, etc.) are also addressed.
    Keywords: carbon ; energy ; nuclear ; renewable ; technologies ; solar power ; wind power ; clean coal ; TQ ; PS ; THX ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Since Antiquity, humans have used processes to transform the materials of their environment to suit their needs. Solid-state chemistry, initially a series of recipes, became a real science of matter and its transformations following nineteenth-century scientific discoveries. It is now used to develop efficient and eco-compatible materials to transport or store energy. Solid-state chemistry thus plays a crucial role in finding the answers that science will have to bring to humanity’s new conce...
    Keywords: chemistry ; materials chemistry ; solid-state chemistry ; energy
    Language: English
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  • 120
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy—for both heat and power applications—is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management — supported by robust mathematical models — and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, This book draws together some of the latest developments in concepts and technology that are enabling the growing realisation of the global potential of geothermal energy in all its manifestations.After decades of being largely the preserve of countries in volcanic regions, the use of geothermal energy—for both heat and power applications—is now expanding worldwide. This reflects its excellent low-carbon credentials and its ability to offer baseload and dispatchable output - rare amongst the mainstream renewables. Yet uptake of geothermal still lags behind that of solar and wind, principally because of (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management — supported by robust mathematical models — and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology.
    Keywords: heat ; development ; exploration ; modeling ; resource ; monitoring ; EGS ; supercritical ; renewable ; geothermal ; power ; energy
    Language: English
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  • 121
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Future buildings require not only energy efficiency but also proper building automation and control system functionalities in order to respond to the needs of occupants and energy grids. These development paths require a focus on occupant needs such as good indoor climate, easy operability, and monitoring. Another area to be tackled is energy flexibility, which is needed to make buildings responsive to the price signals of electricity grids with increasing amounts of fluctuating renewable energy generation installed both in central grids and at building sites. This Special Issue is dedicated to HVAC systems, load shifting, indoor climate, and energy and ventilation performance analyses in buildings. All these topics are important for improving the energy performance of new and renovated buildings within the roadmap of low energy and nearly zero energy buildings. To improve energy performance and, at the same time, occupant comfort and wellbeing, new technical solutions are required. Occupancy patterns and recognition, intelligent building management, demand response and performance of heating, cooling and ventilation systems are some common keywords in the articles of this Special Issue contributing to future highly performing buildings with reliable operation.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; air handling unit configuration ; n/a ; predictive rule-based control ; indoor air quality ; end-use energy consumption ; occupancy ; simulation ; Random Tree (RT) ; multi-households ; detached house ; genetic algorithm ; Cloud Computing (CC) ; building performance simulation ; energy and HVAC-systems in buildings ; Linear Regression (LR) ; heating ; air pollutant ; validation ; energy ; Neural Network (NN) ; greenhouse gas emissions ; IBM SPSS ; building energy efficiency ; monitoring ; energy retrofit ; personalized ventilation ; occupancy density ; air distribution solutions ; prediction ; indoor air temperature gradient ; lighting electrical energy ; ventilation rate ; Intelligent Buildings (IB) ; solid oxide fuel cell cogeneration system ; energy piles ; environmental impact ; energy savings ; indoor environment quality ; Simulink® ; moisture conditions ; deep renovation ; heat pump ; KNX ; energy use ; device efficiency ; hourly CO2eq. intensity ; ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) ; office building ; floor slab heat loss ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; ice rinks ; fuzzy logic ; Photovoltaic system ; intelligent system management ; computer simulations ; thermal comfort ; LMS (Least Mean Squares) Adaptive filter (AF) ; national electricity grid ; energy flexibility ; multi-objective optimization ; Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) ; gateway ; demand response ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In this book, the stakeholder-based residential building and household simulation model AWOHM is developed and applied to the Federal Republic of Germany. It aims at the identification and the conceptual design of adequate policy instruments in the field of residential/domestic heat use, with a focus on energy-related refurbishments. The model application results in policy instruments that are adapted to the characteristics of the buildings as well as their owners and users.
    Keywords: HF5001-6182 ; Gebäude ; Politikinstrumente ; policy instruments ; Nachhaltigkeit ; Energie ; Luftschadstoffebuilding ; sustainability ; air pollutants ; energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy
    Language: German
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Complexity, Security and Civil Society in East Asia offers the latest understanding of complex global problems including nuclear weapons, urban insecurity, energy, and climate change in the region. Detailed case studies in China, North and South Korea, and Japan demonstrate the importance of civil society and 'civic diplomacy' in reaching shared solutions to these problems in East Asia and beyond. Each chapter describes regional civil society initiatives that tackle complex challenges to East Asia’s security. In so doing the book presents key pressure points at which civil society can push for constructive changes ― especially ones that reduce the North Korean threat to its neighbors. Unusually, this book is both theoretical and practical. Complexity, Security and Civil Society in East Asia identifies strategies that can be led by civil society and negotiated by its diplomats to realize peace, security and sustainability worldwide. It shows that networked civic diplomacy offers solutions to these urgent issues in ways that official ‘complex diplomacy’ cannot. By providing a new theoretical framework based on empirical observation, the book is a must read for diplomats, scholars, students, journalists, activists and individual readers seeking insight into how to solve the crucial issues of our time. (Please note that the grant information as stated in the metadata below applies only to the following chapter: "6. The Implications of Civic Diplomacy for ROK Foreign Policy").
    Keywords: urban insecurity ; nuclear weapons ; civic diplomacy ; climate change ; korea ; energy ; japan ; civil society ; china ; East Asia ; Green economy ; North Korea ; Northeast Asia ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: This book focuses on the utilization of biomass for energy applications and mainly covers the original research and studies related to thermochemical conversion, biological conversion and physical conversion. It contains a summary the current scientific knowledge in the field of biomass utilization, which is the first of its kind in the literature. Energy potentials and different principles of energy transformation from various renewable energy sources (bamboo, wood residue, straw, sorrel, hay, pines, sunflower stalks, hazelnut husks, quinoa, camelina, crambe, safflower, muscantus and municipal sewage sludge, among others) are described in detail in this book. Different types of pyrolysis or torrefaction processing, combustion, thermal degradation, mechanical properties affecting processing, pre-treatment or treatment processes, or other processes based on thermochemical methods are described as well. The integral part of this book is the bibliometric analysis of worldwide publication trends on biomass and bioenergy with respect to the research evolution with the possibility of predicting future scenarios and the participation of stakeholders in the sector.
    Keywords: pyrolysis ; catalyst ; wood ; waste ; energy ; biogas ; biomass ; cropping system ; establishment ; intercropping ; low-input ; maize ; miscanthus ; methane yield ; perennial crop ; solid biofuel ; waste management ; Coffea spp. ; waste biomass ; calorific value ; mechanical durability ; Pinus pseudostrobus ; Pinus leiophylla ; Pinus montezumae ; pyrolysis kinetics ; TGA-DTG ; Friedman-OFW-KAS models ; FT-IR ; deposit ; biomass industrial boiler ; alkali metal ; circulating fluidized bed ; olive mill solid wastes ; natural binder ; densification ; compressive strength ; Physico-chemical properties ; kinetic parameters ; hydrogen ; reactor headspace ; product inhibition ; kinetic modelling ; clostridium acetobutylicum ; biomass analysis ; alternative biofuels ; emissions ; sewage sludge ; biofuels ; combustion ; grate furnace ; emission ; ash deposition ; biomass densification ; mechanical compaction ; processing factors ; briquette durability ; multivariate tests of significance ; renewable energy ; bioenergy scenario ; biomasses ; systematic review ; pressure torrefaction ; pellet ; renewable energy sources ; energy consumption ; grinding ; thermogravimetric analysis ; proximate analysis ; high heating value ; torrefied biomass ; biochar ; one-pot fractionation with acidic 1,4-dioxane ; Moso bamboo ; furfural ; phenolated lignin ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; high-efficiency fractionation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 126
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Information and communication technology (ICT) is reponsible for up to 10% of world power consumption. In particular, communications and computing systems are indispensable elements in ICT; thus, determining how to improve the energy efficiency in communications and computing systems has become one of the most important issues for realizing green ICT. Even though a number of studies have been conducted, most of them focused on one aspect—either communications or computing systems. However, salient features in communications and computing systems should be jointly considered, and novel holistic approaches across communications and computing systems are strongly required to implement energy-efficient systems. In addition, emerging systems, such as energy-harvesting IoT devices, cyber-physical systems (CPSs), autonomous vehicles (AVs), and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), require new approaches to satisfy their strict energy consumption requirements in mission-critical situations. The goal of this Special Issue is to disseminate the recent advances in energy-efficient communications and computing systems. Review and survey papers on these topics are welcome. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following: • energy-efficient communications: from physical layer to application layer; • energy-efficient computing systems; • energy-efficient network architecture: through SDN/NFV/network slicing; • energy-efficient system design; • energy-efficient Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT); • energy-efficient edge/fog/cloud computing; • new approaches for energy-efficient computing and communications (e.g., AI/ML and data-driven approaches); • new performance metrics on energy efficiency in emerging systems; • energy harvesting and simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT); • smart grid and vehicle-to-grid (V2G); and • standardization and open source activities for energy efficient systems.
    Keywords: UAV ; relay ; cooperative communications ; buffer ; power control ; energy efficiency ; energy-neutral operation ; wireless powered sensor network ; simultaneous wireless information and power transfer ; energy harvesting ; clustering ; offloading ; Internet of Things (IoT) ; energy ; constraint Markov decision process (CMDP) ; optimization ; computation offloading ; mobile edge computing ; lyapunov optimization ; 1-bit unit cell ; coding metasurface ; adaptive beam focusing ; wireless power transfer ; UAV network ; topology control ; space division ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    éditions Quae
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Based on abundant literature, Benoit Daviron sketches for us a long, economic and political history of the biomass. Farming is not just about providing food, nor is it alone in supplying the biomass. How, before and after the fossil energies, have European societies mastered the distance and mobilised the work to satisfy their growing needs? What consequences for the rest of the world? Over the years, we discover that the ability to mobilise energy and material, especially living beings, mirrors wealth and power in the leading country of the time. This book alters our queries about the future.
    Keywords: Agriculture ; biomass ; economy ; energy ; history ; market ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCT Agricultural economics
    Language: French
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  • 128
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The papers published in this Special Issue “WP3—Innovation in Agriculture and Forestry Sector for Energetic Sustainability” bring together some of the latest research results in the field of biomass valorization and the process of energy production and climate change and other areas relevant to energetic sustainability [1–20]. Moreover, several works address the very important topic of evaluating the safety aspects for energy plant use [21–24]. Responses to our call generated the following statistics:• Submissions (21);• Publications (15);• Rejections (6);• Article types: research articles (13), reviews (2). Of the submitted papers, 15 have been successfully published as articles. Reviewing and selecting the papers for this Special Issue was very inspiring and rewarding. We also thank the editorial staff and reviewers for their efforts and help during the process. For better comprehension, the contributions to this Special Issue are divided into sections, as follows.
    Keywords: biomass waste ; gasification ; power generation ; internal combustion engine ; CHP ; Aspen Plus ; rotary dryer ; drying process ; thermal energy ; wood chips ; life cycle analysis ; environmental valuation ; biochar ; willow ; pig manure ; renewable energy ; biomass ; olive pomace ; combustion ; ORC ; working fluid ; beet tops ; rotary cutting device ; tractor ; oscillations ; differential equations ; optimal parameters ; biomass production ; greenhouse ; multiple environmental parameters ; interactive optimization scheme ; spatial distributed factors ; online–offline strategy ; CFD-EA ; chipping ; pellet ; poplar ; SRWC ; pelletization ; biomass quality ; energy quality ; horse skidding ; winch skidding ; cable yarder ; life cycle assessment ; societal assessment ; economic assessment ; multi-criteria decision analysis ; sustainable forest management ; innovation ; agriculture ; forestry ; energy ; sustainability ; updraft ; syngas ; oxidizing agent ; energy saving ; efficiency ; controlled environment ; agricultural residues ; market ; anaerobic digestion ; global warming potential ; externalities ; compost ; woody pellet ; agropellet ; quality ; standards ; blending ; sugar beet ; beet top cutting ; tractor–harvester aggregate ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 129
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: The European Union underlines the growing importance of integrated rural development (ILE). Maximilian Ortner shows how forestry can successfully participate in this development. Forest model projects for drinking water, wood mobilization, increase in sales of wood, energy out of wood, forest preservation or airport environmental education are analyzed as examples of acts of the forestry practice in the context of integrated rural development. The examples are based on the state forests, local forest, private forest owners and the Chamber of Agriculture. About the identified success factors inform a "checklist" with the chance of success of specific projects can be assessed quickly.
    Description: Die Europäische Union betont die steigende Bedeutung der integrierten ländlichen Entwicklung (ILE). Maximilian Ortner zeigt, wie die Forstwirtschaft an dieser Entwicklung erfolgreich teilnehmen kann. Forstliche Musterprojekte für Trinkwasserwald, Holzmobilisierung, Holzabsatzsteigerung, Energiewald, Flughafenschutzwald oder Umweltbildung werden als Beispiele für aktives Handeln der Forstpraxis im Rahmen der integrierten ländlichen Entwicklung analysiert. Die Beispiele beziehen sich auf den Staatswald, den Kommunalwald, private Waldbesitzer sowie die Landwirtschaftskammer. Über die ermittelten Erfolgsfaktoren informiert eine „Checkliste“ mit der die Erfolgschancen von konkreten Vorhaben rasch beurteilt werden können.
    Keywords: forestry ; environmental policy ; drinking water ; energy ; Europäische Union ; Forstamt ; Forstbehörde ; Forstpolitik ; Forstwirtschaft ; Kooperation ; LEADER ; Waldbesitzer ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNA Primary industries::KNAL Forestry & related industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TV Agriculture & farming::TVR Forestry & silviculture: practice & techniques
    Language: German
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Since process models are nowadays ubiquitous in many applications, the challenges and alternatives related to their development, validation, and efficient use have become more apparent. In addition, the massive amounts of both offline and online data available today open the door for new applications and solutions. However, transforming data into useful models and information in the context of the process industry or of bio-systems requires specific approaches and considerations such as new modelling methodologies incorporating the complex, stochastic, hybrid and distributed nature of many processes in particular. The same can be said about the tools and software environments used to describe, code, and solve such models for their further exploitation. Going well beyond mere simulation tools, these advanced tools offer a software suite built around the models, facilitating tasks such as experiment design, parameter estimation, model initialization, validation, analysis, size reduction, discretization, optimization, distributed computation, co-simulation, etc. This Special Issue collects novel developments in these topics in order to address the challenges brought by the use of models in their different facets, and to reflect state of the art developments in methods, tools and industrial applications.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fiber ; n/a ; coagulation bath ; binder dissolution ; sensitivity analysis ; simulation ; neural networks ; kernel development ; thermodynamics ; phytochemicals ; wave resonance ; natural extracts ; population balance model ; optimization ; vane ; parameter estimation ; grey-box model ; observability ; optimal clustering ; energy ; idling test ; data-mining ; extents ; computational fluid dynamics ; scrap dissolution ; Combined Heat and Power ; dynamic optimization ; scrap melting ; swelling ; engineering ; dry-jet wet spinning process ; fluid bed granulation ; point estimation method ; algebraic modeling language ; Design of Experiments ; costing stopping ; materials ; hydration ; SOS programming ; kinetics ; moisture content ; CHP legislation ; model predictive control ; graph theory ; robust optimization ; dynamic converter modelling ; partial least square regression ; uncertainty ; state decoupling ; utility management ; fluidized bed drying ; reactor coolant pump ; condensation ; wheat germ ; cooking ; maximum wave amplitude ; moving horizon estimation ; gray-box model ; chemistry ; barley ; machine learning ; heat and mass balance ; equality constraints ; porridge ; process model validation ; Pharmaceutical Processes ; mathematical model ; model identification ; Mammalian Cell Culture ; process modeling ; parameter correlation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy is one of the most important factors of production. Its efficient use is crucial for ensuring production and environmental quality. Unlike normal goods with supply management, energy is demand managed. Efficient energy use—or energy efficiency—aims to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. Energy use efficiency can be achieved in situations such as housing, offices, industrial production, transport and agriculture as well as in public lighting and services. The use of energy can be reduced by using technology that is energy saving. This Special Issue is a collection of research on energy use efficiency.
    Keywords: energy efficiency ; direct energy rebound effect ; spatial spillover effect ; price decomposition ; fuel consumption ; trade-off ; technological progress ; passenger vehicle ; power factor ; regression discontinuity design ; data envelopment analysis ; super-SBM ; grey model ; energy consumption ; vehicle ; productive process ; material consumption ; manufacturing ; labor productivity ; energy ; Ethiopia ; energy access ; energy use ; fuzzy logic ; energy intensity ; stochastic frontier ; persistent efficiency ; transient efficiency ; US manufacturing ; energy paradox ; integrated assessment model ; subsidy policy ; air quality improvement ; zero-emission vehicles ; fine particulate matter ; Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards ; Global Change Assessment Model ; energy monitoring ; electricity smart meters ; smart metering information platforms ; knowledge ; longitudinal study ; consumers ; energy use efficiency ; energy efficiency management ; design science research ; pilot implementation ; dynamics ; heat transfer in buildings ; heat losses ; buildings ; thermal power ; heating ; dynamic DEA ; efficiency measurement ; electricity power generation ; weak disposability ; undesirable outputs ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 132
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Energy crises and global warming pose serious challenges to researchers in their attempt to develop a sustainable society for the future. Solar energy conversion is a remarkable, clean, and sustainable way to nullify the effects of fossil fuels. The findings of photocatalytic hydrogen production (PCHP) by Fujishima and Honda propose that “water will be the coal for the future”. Hydrogen is a carbon-free clean fuel with a high specific energy of combustion. Titanium oxide (TiO2), graphitic-carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are three pillars of water splitting photocatalysts owing to their superior electronic and optical properties. Tremendous research efforts have been made in recent years to fabricate visible or solar-light, active photocatalysts. The significant features of various oxide, sulfide, and carbon based photocatalysts for cost-effective hydrogen production are presented in this Special Issue. The insights of sacrificial agents on the hydrogen production efficiency of catalysts are also presented in this issue.
    Keywords: photocatalysis ; H2 generation ; water splitting ; solar energy ; hydrogen production ; methanol photo-splitting ; heterojunction ; CuS@CuGaS2 ; electron-hole recombination ; perovskite oxynitride ; band gap ; density-functional theory ; Niobium(V) oxide ; graphitic carbon nitride ; hydrothermal synthesis ; H2 evolution ; heterostructures ; Z-Scheme ; TiO2 ; g-C3N4 ; CdS ; energy ; spherical particle ; disordered surface ; photocatalysts ; MoS2 ; MoSe2 ; photoelectrochemical deposition ; rapid-thermal annealing ; hydrogen evolution ; CO2 reduction ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 133
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Energy has been a crucial element for human beings and sustainable development. The issues of global warming and non-green energy have yet to be resolved. This book is a collection of twelve articles that provide strong evidence for the success of artificial intelligence deployment in energy research, particularly research devoted to non-intrusive load monitoring, network, and grid, as well as other emerging topics. The presented artificial intelligence algorithms may provide insight into how to apply similar approaches, subject to fine-tuning and customization, to other unexplored energy research. The ultimate goal is to fully apply artificial intelligence to the energy sector. This book may serve as a guide for professionals, researchers, and data scientists—namely, how to share opinions and exchange ideas so as to facilitate a better fusion of energy, academic, and industry research, and improve in the quality of people's daily life activities.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; artificial neural network ; home energy management systems ; conditional random fields ; LR ; ELR ; energy disaggregation ; artificial intelligence ; genetic algorithm ; decision tree ; static young’s modulus ; price ; scheduling ; self-adaptive differential evolution algorithm ; Marsh funnel ; energy ; yield point ; non-intrusive load monitoring ; mud rheology ; distributed genetic algorithm ; MCP39F511 ; Jetson TX2 ; sustainable development ; artificial neural networks ; transient signature ; load disaggregation ; smart villages ; ambient assisted living ; smart cities ; demand side management ; smart city ; CNN ; wireless sensor networks ; object detection ; drill-in fluid ; ERELM ; sandstone reservoirs ; RPN ; deep learning ; RELM ; smart grids ; multiple kernel learning ; load ; feature extraction ; NILM ; energy management ; energy efficient coverage ; insulator ; Faster R-CNN ; home energy management ; smart grid ; LSTM ; smart metering ; optimization algorithms ; forecasting ; plastic viscosity ; machine learning ; computational intelligence ; policy making ; support vector machine ; internet of things ; sensor network ; nonintrusive load monitoring ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 134
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Pregnancy is a viewed as a window to future health. With the birth of the developmental origins of human adult disease hypothesis, research and clinical practice has turned its attention to the influence of maternal factors such as health and lifestyle surrounding pregnancy as a means to understand and prevent the inter-generational inheritance of chronic disease susceptibility. Outcomes during pregnancy have long-lasting impacts on both women on children. Moreover, nutrition early in life can influence growth and the establishment of lifelong eating habits and behaviors. This Special Issue on “Nutrition during Pregnancy and Lactation: Implications for Maternal and Infant Health” is intended to highlight new epidemiological, mechanistic and interventional studies that investigate maternal nutrition around the pregnancy period on maternal and infant outcomes. Submissions may include original research, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; education ; 6?-sialyllactose ; milk composition ; growth chart ; overweight and obesity ; body composition ; pregnant women ; prenatal intervention ; thermal control ; slow digesting carbohydrates ; postpartum ; vitamin B12 ; micronutrients ; passive immunization ; antibodies ; physiological body-weight loss ; obesity ; proteolysis ; energy ; infant formula ; adolescents ; pregnancy ; gestational weight gain intervention ; randomized clinical trial ; food photography ; metabolic rate ; infancy ; micronutrient deficiency ; restraint ; folate ; nutrition ; lactation ; basal maintenance expenditure ; milk oligosaccharides ; maternal nutrition ; disinhibition ; weight retention ; DNA sequencing ; neuroplasticity ; generalized linear models ; metabolic flexibility ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; prematurity ; full breastfeeding ; food cravings ; transcriptome ; maternal diet quality ; Healthy Eating Index ; human milk ; gestational weight gain ; energy expenditure ; lifestyle intervention ; RDA ; immunological properties ; mindful eating ; insulin-resistant pregnancy ; nutritional intervention ; DNA methylation ; neurobiology ; total sugars ; fetal growth ; overweight ; fetal development ; energy intake ; hippocampus ; race ; maternal obesity ; early programming ; uncontrolled and emotional eating ; breast milk ; health ; hepatic lipogenesis ; eating behavior ; physical activity ; Pregnancy ; meal replacements ; premature delivery ; sialic acid ; diet quality ; cognitive development ; iron ; growth ; breastfeeding ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 135
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    UCL Press
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Climate change and globalisation are opening up the Arctic for exploitation by the world – or so we are told. But what about the views, interests and needs of the peoples who live in the region? This volume explores the opportunities and limitations in engaging with the Arctic under change, and the Arctic peoples experiencing the changes, socially and physically. With essays by both academics and Arctic peoples, integrating multiple perspectives and multiple disciplines, the book covers social, legal, political, geographical, scientific and creative questions related to Arcticness, to address the challenges faced by the Arctic as a region and specifically by local communities. As well as academic essays, the contributions to the book include personal reflections, a graphic essay, and poetry, to ensure wide and varied coverage of the Arctic experience – what the contributions all have in common is the fundamental human perspective. Topics covered in the essays include indigenous identity and livelihoods such as reindeer herding, and adapting to modern identities; a graphic essay on the experience of Arctic indigenous peoples in residential schools; the effects of climate change; energy in the Arctic; and extractive industries and their impacts on local communities. The book includes reflections on the future of Arcticness, engaging with communities to ensure meaningful representation and as a counterpoint to the primacy of environmental, national and global issues.
    Keywords: energy ; arctic ; sustainability ; polar ; Greenland ; Indigenous peoples ; Radar ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFF Social impact of disasters / accidents (natural or man-made) ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography
    Language: English
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: renewable; green; energy; environment; law; policy
    Keywords: renewable ; green ; energy ; environment ; law ; policy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVG Environmental economics ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBC Engineering: general
    Language: English
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  • 137
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-23
    Description: Buildings are one of the main causes of the emission of greenhouse gases in the world. Europe alone is responsible for more than 30% of emissions, or about 900 million tons of CO2 per year. Heating and air conditioning are the main cause of greenhouse gas emissions in buildings. Most buildings currently in use were built with poor energy efficiency criteria or, depending on the country and the date of construction, none at all. Therefore, regardless of whether construction regulations are becoming stricter, the real challenge nowadays is the energy rehabilitation of existing buildings. It is currently a priority to reduce (or, ideally, eliminate) the waste of energy in buildings and, at the same time, supply the necessary energy through renewable sources. The first can be achieved by improving the architectural design, construction methods, and materials used, as well as the efficiency of the facilities and systems; the second can be achieved through the integration of renewable energy (wind, solar, geothermal, etc.) in buildings. In any case, regardless of whether the energy used is renewable or not, the efficiency must always be taken into account. The most profitable and clean energy is that which is not consumed.
    Keywords: NA1-9428 ; NX1-820 ; artificial neural network ; thermal performance ; dynamic simulation ; building renovation ; zero energy building ; building ; energy productivity ; building sector ; three-phase unbalance minimization ; optimization ; seasonal performance factor (SPF) ; envelope transmittance ; demolition ; envelope airtightness ; building energy prediction ; energy ; Korean household energy consumption ; floor envelope design ; building refurbishment ; perturbation and observation ; glazing ; ground and water source heat pump (ASHP ; sensitivity ; energy efficiency promotion ; model predictive control ; renovation ; home energy management system ; energy tunnel ; performance parameter design ; air ; coefficient of performance (COP) ; Arab region ; building rehabilitation ; ground heat transfer ; residential buildings ; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen (DGNB) ; policy design ; building user activity ; Leadership in Energy &amp ; lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) ; energy renovation ; energy performance ; urban modelling ; Maghreb ; analytical hierarchy process ; surface cooling ; thermal insulation ; Level(s) ; subtropical climate ; energy efficiency ; green building rating systems ; Ipomoea batatas ; big data ; life cycle cost analysis ; domestic hot water (DHW) ; multi-family buildings ; greenhouse ; building energy ; passive architecture ; prediction ; Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE) ; Minimum-Energy Building (MEB) ; energy modeling ; Mashreq ; simulation engines ; HVAC demand ; test method ; adjustable step size ; life cycle cost ; energy saving ratio ; Environmental Design (LEED) ; influencing factors ; GSHP and WSHP) ; energy use ; subtropical climate building ; single-person household ; heat load ; energy performance standard ; technology package ; energy-performance gap ; GCC ; Building Research Establishment Assessment Method (BREEAM) ; energy pile ; nearly zero energy building ; co-simulation ; new construction ; space heating ; building stock energy demand ; low power loss ; maximum power point tracking ; envelope thermography ; extensive green roof ; OPERA-MILP ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AM Architecture
    Language: English
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  • 138
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Photovoltaic solar energy technology (PV) has been developing rapidly in the past decades, leading to a multi-billion-dollar global market. It is of paramount importance that PV systems function properly, which requires the generation of expected energy both for small-scale systems that consist of a few solar modules and for very large-scale systems containing millions of modules. This book increases the understanding of the issues relevant to PV system design and correlated performance; moreover, it contains research from scholars across the globe in the fields of data analysis and data mapping for the optimal performance of PV systems, faults analysis, various causes for energy loss, and design and integration issues. The chapters in this book demonstrate the importance of designing and properly monitoring photovoltaic systems in the field in order to ensure continued good performance.
    Keywords: Q1-390 ; QC1-999 ; fault diagnosis ; modeling ; simulation ; fault tree analysis ; photovoltaic system ; Bartlett’s test ; metaheuristic ; population density ; spatial analyses ; AC parameters ; parameter estimation ; fiber reinforced polymeric plastic (FRP) ; Hartigan’s dip test ; energy ; image processing ; real data ; photovoltaic (PV) systems monitoring ; forecast ; photovoltaic plants ; system ; graphical malfunction detection ; defects ; STATCOM ; photo-generated current ; performance analysis ; photovoltaic module performance ; solar energy ; urban context ; thermal interaction ; underdamped oscillation ; reliability ; membership algorithm ; photovoltaic systems ; availability ; fuzzy logic controller ; ANOVA ; solar farm ; energy yield ; cluster analysis ; photovoltaics ; annual yield ; residential buildings ; PV array ; PV system ; dc-dc converter ; quasi-opposition based learning ; grid-connected ; performance ratio ; organic soiling ; vegetated/green roof ; conventional roof membrane ; UV-fluorescence imaging ; PV thermal performance ; PV systems ; failure mode and effect analysis ; ageing and degradation of PV-modules ; sheet molding compound FRP ; Jarque-Bera’s test ; Tukey’s test ; technical costs ; Kruskal-Wallis’ test ; improved cuckoo search algorithm ; PV energy performance ; pultruded FRP ; cracks ; maximum power point tracking (MPPT) ; structural design ; software development ; floating PV generation structure ; malfunction detection ; modules ; photovoltaic performance ; maximum power point ; GIS ; impedance spectroscopy ; floating PV systems (FPV) ; solar cells ; Renewable Energy ; loss analysis ; shade resilience ; Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ; failure detection ; optimization problem ; failure rates ; FCM algorithm ; stability analysis ; reactive power support ; mooring system ; buck converter ; Mood’s Median test ; photovoltaic modeling ; module architecture ; PV module ; data analysis ; partial shading ; opposition-based learning ; silicon ; floating PV module (FPVM) ; electroluminescence ; urban compactness ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general
    Language: English
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  • 139
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book offers a collection of 30 scientific papers which address the problems associated with the use of power electronic converters in renewable energy source-based systems. Relevant problems associated with the use of power electronic converters to integrate renewable energy systems to the power grid are presented. Some of the covered topics relate to the integration of photovoltaic and wind energy generators into the rest of the system, and to the use of energy storage to mitigate power fluctuations, which are a characteristic of renewable energy systems. The book provides a good overview of the abovementioned topics.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; T1-995 ; n/a ; washout filter ; turbine and generator ; unbalanced power grid ; PV ; transient dynamics ; multi-input single output (MISO) ; permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) ; static frequency characteristics ; impedance analysis ; FACTS devices ; coordinated control ; improved additional frequency control ; experiment ; resonant controller ; two-stage photovoltaic power ; voltage cancellation ; energy ; power matching ; LCL filter ; adaptive-MPPT (maximum power point tracking) ; VSC ; active power filter ; perturb and observe ; coordination control ; voltage-type control ; multiple VSGs ; wind power prediction ; linear quadratic regulator ; multiport converter (MPC) ; grid support function ; power ripple elimination ; adaptive resonant controller ; phase space reconstruction ; sliding mode control ; impedance emulation ; photovoltaic systems ; grid-connected converter ; SVM ; photovoltaic generators ; power grid ; active front-end converter ; THD ; type-4 wind turbine ; inertia ; ROCOF ; microgrid ; coupled oscillators ; multilevel power converter ; DC-AC power converters ; internal model ; back-to-back converter ; duty-ratio constraints ; selective harmonic mitigation ; parallel inverters ; discontinuous conduction mode ; droop control ; step size ; grid-connected ; inverter ; short-circuit fault ; energy router ; oscillation mitigation ; improved-VSG (virtual synchronous generator) ; source and load impedance ; synchronverter ; digital signal processor (DSP) TMS320F28335 ; operation optimization ; battery-energy storage ; generator speed control ; electrical power generation ; virtual impedance ; weak grid ; doubly-fed induction generator ; grid synchronization ; Energy Internet ; open circuit voltage ; state-of-charge balancing ; renewable power system ; control strategies ; adaptive notch filter (ANF) ; renewable energy ; hardware in the loop (HIL) ; energy storage ; microgrids ; inertia and damping characteristics ; electric vehicle ; multi-energy complementary ; static compensator ; stability ; battery energy storage system ; power-hardware-in- the-loop ; electricity price ; notch filter ; time series ; distorted grid ; oscillation suppression ; phase-locked loop (PLL) ; modules ; organic Rankine cycle ; failure zone ; Opal-RT Technologies® ; distributed generation ; modular multilevel converter ; governor ; microgrid (MG) ; second-life battery ; thermoelectric generator ; stability analysis ; wind energy system ; variable coefficient regulation ; single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) ; error ; soft switching ; power electronics ; PLL ; SPWM ; virtual synchronous generator ; perturbation frequency ; phase shifted ; grid-connected inverter ; cloud computing ; low inertia ; boost converter ; impedance reshaping ; small-signal and transient stability ; speed control ; multivariate linear regression ; photovoltaic ; adaptive control ; frequency regulation ; variable power tracking control ; power converters ; maximum power point tracking ; virtual admittance ; synchronization ; peak-current-mode control ; dynamic modeling ; discontinuous operation mode ; demand response ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
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  • 140
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    Unknown
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Coeliac Disease (CD) affects at least 1% of the population. “Classical” CD refers to gastrointestinal presentations with anaemia and gastrointestinal symptoms. CD can, however, present with extraintestinal manifestations, the commonest of which are dermatitis herpetiformis and neurological presentations (e.g., ataxia, neuropathy, encephalopathy). Recognition and research into the pathophysiology of such manifestations is likely to enhance our understanding of this complex autoimmune disorder.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; TX341-641 ; gluten ; Gluten ataxia ; gluten sensitive enteropathy ; extraintestinal ; atopic dermatitis ; eating disorders ; antigliadin antibodies ; ganglioside ; fracture ; polyglandular autoimmune syndrome ; potential celiac disease ; B cell ; molecular mimicry ; fatigue ; non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) ; alopecia areata ; fractures ; energy ; autoimmune pancreatitis ; coeliac disease ; villous atrophy ; autoimmunity ; psoriasis ; male ; ADHD ; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease ; autoantibody ; motor and vocal/phonic tics ; mild enteropathy ; natural history ; gliadin ; prevalence ; long-term prognosis ; extra-intestinal ; non-celiac gluten sensitivity ; celiac disease ; antigliadin antibody titre ; transglutaminase ; migraine ; rosacea ; celiac trait ; anxiety disorders ; prognosis ; cutaneous vasculitis ; one-year adherence ; incidence ; dermatitis herpetiformis ; screening ; gluten free diet ; recognition ; children and adults ; gluten neuropathy ; psychosis ; obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) ; liver immunity ; intermolecular help ; recurrent aphtous ulceration ; tolerance ; glandular autoimmunity ; gastrointestinal symptoms ; MR spectroscopy ; gluten-free diet ; bone health ; diagnosis ; early developing celiac disease ; genetic gluten intolerance ; osteoporosis ; biomarker ; gastrointestinal ; clinical presentation ; latent celiac disease ; synapsin ; extra-intestinal manifestations ; quality of life ; gluten ataxia ; Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) ; intestinal barrier ; celiac hepatitis ; small bowel ; gut–liver axis ; autoimmune thyroid disease ; type 1 diabetes ; T cell ; epidermal transglutaminase ; autism ; pancreatic disorders ; gluten sensitivity ; urticaria ; depression ; movement disorders ; headache ; psychiatric disorders ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 141
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    Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: energy ; thermodynamics ; calorimetry ; energy-limited environments ; soil ; sediment ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 142
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: This book presents the results of the international research project CODALoop: Community Data Loop for Energy Conscious Lifestyles. It dissects the energy practices that make urban households demanding energy in their daily life and reveals the pathway towards reducing this energy demand. To unpack energy practices, the authors of this volume move away from efficiency problems studying the interaction between human and new technologies. Instead, they use a repertoire of different analytical instruments to study how interaction between humans, and between humans and data, change the social norms that shape energy needs. The volume offers a synthesis of a cross- disciplinary study of energy reduction carried out in three different countries through multiple methodological approaches. The project at the source of the book was funded under the Joint Program Initiative 'Urban Europe' and the ERA-net framework. To unpack energy practices, the authors of this volume move away from efficiency problems studying the interaction between human and new technologies. Instead, they use a repertoire of different analytical instruments to study how interaction between humans, and between humans and data, change the social norms that shape energy needs. The volume offers a synthesis of a cross- disciplinary study of energy reduction carried out in three different countries through multiple methodological approaches. The project at the source of the book was funded under the Joint Program Initiative 'Urban Europe' and the ERA-net framework.
    Keywords: energy ; consumption ; KNB ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities
    Language: English
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  • 143
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the gold standard of long-term energy analysis. The 2018 edition provides updated analysis to show what the latest data, technology trends and policy announcements might mean for the energy sector to 2040. It also outlines an integrated way to meet multiple sustainable development goals: limiting the global temperature rise in line with the Paris Agreement, addressing air pollution, and ensuring universal access to energy.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (643 pages) , illustrations, diagrams
    ISBN: 9789264064522
    Language: English
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  • 144
    Keywords: sustainability ; energy ; renewable energy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. A Review of Air Pollution Control Policy Development and Effectiveness in China / by Ying Li and Ke Chen --- 2. Historical Drivers of Energy Infrastructure Change in Nigeria (1800–2015) / by Norbert Edomah --- 3. Towards a Sustainable Energy Future for Sub-Saharan Africa / by Shadreck Mubiana Situmbeko --- 4. Electric Vehicle Promotion Policy in Taiwan / by Li-Min Cheng --- 5. Clean Energy Management / by Ali Samadiafshar and Atiyye Ghorbani --- 6. Renewable Energy of Biogas Through Integrated Organic Cycle System in Tropical System / by Ambar Pertiwiningrum, Cahyono Agus DK and Margaretha Arnita Wuri
    ISBN: 9781789235777
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  • 145
    Keywords: energy ; natural gas ; regasification ; fracturing ; utilization ; shale gas
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Energy Recovery from the LNG Regasification Process by Roberto Bruno, Piero Bevilacqua and Natale Arcuri --- Chapter 2: Concepts for Regasification of LNG in Industrial Parks by Tatiana Morosuk, Stefanie Tesch and George Tsatsaronis --- Chapter 3: Improvement of Hydraulic Fracture Conductivity Using Nanoparticles by Reza Barati and Charles Chempakathinal Bose --- Chapter 4: Experiment and Evaluation of Natural Gas Hydration in a Spraying Reactor by Wenfeng Hao --- Chapter 5: Gas Well Testing by Freddy Humberto Escobar --- Chapter 6: Catalytic Natural Gas Utilization on Unconventional Oil Upgrading by Peng He and Hua Song --- Chapter 7: Compressed Natural Gas Direct Injection: Comparison Between Homogeneous and Stratified Combustion by Shahrir Abdullah, Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood, Saad Aljamali and Azhari Shamsudeen --- Chapter 8: Biomass as an Alternative for Gas Production by Liliana Pampillón-González and José Ramón Laines Canepa --- Chapter 9: Shale Gas in Poland by Jadwiga A. Jarzyna, Maria Bała, Paulina I. Krakowska, Edyta Puskarczyk, Anna Strzępowicz, Kamila Wawrzyniak-Guz, Dariusz Więcław and Jerzy Ziętek --- Chapter 10: An Overview of Principles and Designs of Hydraulic Fracturing Experiments and an Inquiry into the Influence of Rock Permeability and Strength on Failure Mode by Kenneth Imo-Imo Eshiet and Yong Sheng
    Pages: Online-Ressource (250 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535134343
    Language: English
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  • 146
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The global energy system is moving closer to a historic transformation. This year's edition of the International Energy Agency (IEA)'s comprehensive publication on energy technology focuses on the opportunities and challenges of scaling and accelerating the deployment of clean energy technologies. This includes looking at more ambitious scenarios than the IEA has produced before. Improvements in technology continue to modify the outlook for the energy sector, driving changes in business models, energy demand and supply patterns as well as regulatory approaches. Energy security, air quality, climate change and economic competitiveness are increasingly being factored in by decision makers. Energy Technology Perspectives 2017 (ETP 2017) details these trends as well as the technological advances that will shape energy security and environmental sustainability for decades to come. For the first time, ETP 2017 looks at how far clean energy technologies could move the energy sector towards higher climate change ambitions if technological innovations were pushed to their maximum practical limits. The analysis shows that, while policy support would be needed beyond anything seen to date, such a push could result in greenhouse gas emission levels that are consistent with the mid-point of the target temperature range of the global Paris Agreement on climate change. The analysis also indicates that regardless of the pathway chosen for the energy sector transformation, policy action is needed to ensure that multiple economic, security and other benefits to the accelerated deployment of clean energy technologies are realised through a systematic and co-ordinated approach. ETP 2017 also features the annual IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2017 report, which shows that the current progress in clean energy technology development and deployment remains sub-optimal. It highlights that progress has been substantial where policies have provided clear signals on the value of technology innovation. But many technology areas still suffer from a lack of financial and policy support.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (438 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264275973
    Language: English
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  • 147
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The global energy scene is in a state of flux. Understanding the dynamic interplay of energy markets, technology and policy has never been more critical. The World Energy Outlook (WEO), widely regarded as the gold standard of energy analysis, provides strategic insight on what today’s policy and investment decisions mean for long-term trends. The 2017 edition of the WEO, which will be released on 14 November, will contain a full update of energy demand and supply projections through 2040 under different scenarios, and their consequences for energy security, investment, energy industries and the environment. It will also include in-depth analysis of: China’s energy outlook. China’s influence has long been felt in coal, oil and gas, as well as in nuclear power, but the country is also now firmly established as a global leader in renewable energy, efficiency and innovation. The WEO will examine China’s economic and energy transitions in detail, and consider how the country’s policy choices can shape not just national prospects, but also global outcomes. Natural gas. The outlook for gas markets is evolving rapidly under pressure from two revolutions: the shale revolution, led by the United States, and the LNG revolution that is testing traditional gas business and pricing models. It will also investigate the wider opportunities and uncertainties for gas in the transition to a cleaner energy system, including its role in tackling local pollution as well as the risk of methane emissions. In addition, the WEO-2017 series will feature two special analyses, to be released in October. The close links between energy and development, assessing today’s global picture for access to modern energy, the strategies and technologies that can enable countries to achieve energy for all by 2030, and the ways in which reliable energy can move communities from poverty towards prosperity. Prospects for energy in Southeast Asia, where infrastructure and investment have to keep up with rapid, sustained growth in energy demand. The report will cover the particular challenge of providing secure, clean and affordable energy to small island systems and remote settlements.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (763)
    ISBN: 9789264282308
    Language: English
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  • 148
    Unknown
    Basel, Beijing, Wuhan : MDPI
    Keywords: climate change ; climate ; demand ; energy ; financing ; geopolitical ; incentives ; infrastructures ; intergovernmental ; investments ; legislation ; management ; public ; stakeholders ; supply ; sustainability ; taxation ; technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Frederiks, E.; Stenner, K.; Hobman, E. The Socio-Demographic and Psychological Predictors of Residential Energy Consumption: A Comprehensive Review. Energies 2015, 8(1), 573-609; doi:10.3390/en8010573 --- Sun, W.; He, Y.; Chang, H. Forecasting Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption for Power Generation Using QHSA-Based LSSVM Model. Energies 2015, 8(2), 939-959; doi:10.3390/en8020939 --- Gutierrez-Escolar, A.; Castillo-Martinez, A.; Gomez-Pulido, J.; Gutierrez-Martinez, J.; Stapic, Z.; Medina-Merodio, J. A Study to Improve the Quality of Street Lighting in Spain. Energies 2015, 8(2), 976-994; doi:10.3390/en8020976 --- Chew, K.; Klemeš, J.; Alwi, S.; Manan, Z.; Reverberi, A. Total Site Heat Integration Considering Pressure Drops. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1114-1137; doi:10.3390/en8021114 --- Kim, S.; Shin, K.; Choi, B.; Jo, J.; Cho, S.; Cho, Y. A Study on the Variation of Heating and Cooling Load According to the Use of Horizontal Shading and Venetian Blinds in Office Buildings in Korea. Energies 2015, 8(2), 1487-1504; doi:10.3390/en8021487 --- Sheng, P.; Yang, J.; Shackman, J. Energy’s Shadow Price and Energy Efficiency in China: A Non-Parametric Input Distance Function Analysis. Energies 2015, 8(3), 1975-1989; doi:10.3390/en8031975 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(4), 2674-2700; doi:10.3390/en8042674 --- Li, W.; Li, H.; Sun, S. China’s Low-Carbon Scenario Analysis of CO2 Mitigation Measures towards 2050 Using a Hybrid AIM/CGE Model. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3529-3555; doi:10.3390/en8053529 --- Nasirov, S.; Silva, C.; Agostini, C. Investors’ Perspectives on Barriers to the Deployment of Renewable Energy Sources in Chile. Energies 2015, 8(5), 3794-3814; doi:10.3390/en8053794 --- Deng, X.; Yu, Y.; Liu, Y. Temporal and Spatial Variations in Provincial CO2 Emissions in China from 2005 to 2015 and Assessment of a Reduction Plan. Energies 2015, 8(5), 4549-4571; doi:10.3390/en8054549 --- Klimscheffskij, M.; Van Craenenbroeck, T.; Lehtovaara, M.; Lescot, D.; Tschernutter, A.; Raimundo, C.; Seebach, D.; Timpe, C. Residual Mix Calculation at the Heart of Reliable Electricity Disclosure in Europe—A Case Study on the Effect of the RE-DISS Project. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4667-4696; doi:10.3390/en8064667 --- Ferrara, R. The Smart City and the Green Economy in Europe: A Critical Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4724-4734; doi:10.3390/en8064724 --- Stenner, K.; Nwokora, Z. Current and Future Friends of the Earth: Assessing Cross-National Theories of Environmental Attitudes. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4899-4919; doi:10.3390/en8064899 --- Atlason, R.; Oddsson, G.; Unnthorsson, R. Theorizing for Maintenance Management Improvements: Using Case Studies from the Icelandic Geothermal Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 4943-4962; doi:10.3390/en8064943 --- Ellenbeck, S.; Beneking, A.; Ceglarz, A.; Schmidt, P.; Battaglini, A. Security of Supply in European Electricity Markets—Determinants of Investment Decisions and the European Energy Union. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5198-5216; doi:10.3390/en8065198 --- Hasager, C.; Vincent, P.; Badger, J.; Badger, M.; Di Bella, A.; Peña, A.; Husson, R.; Volker, P. Using Satellite SAR to Characterize the Wind Flow around Offshore Wind Farms. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5413-5439; doi:10.3390/en8065413 --- Puigjaner, L.; Pérez-Fortes, M.; Laínez-Aguirre, J. Towards a Carbon-Neutral Energy Sector: Opportunities and Challenges of Coordinated Bioenergy Supply Chains-A PSE Approach. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5613-5660; doi:10.3390/en8065613 --- Thollander, P.; Palm, J. Industrial Energy Management Decision Making for Improved Energy Efficiency—Strategic System Perspectives and Situated Action in Combination. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5694-5703; doi:10.3390/en8065694 --- Jänicke, M. Horizontal and Vertical Reinforcement in Global Climate Governance. Energies 2015, 8(6), 5782-5799; doi:10.3390/en8065782 --- Benavides, C.; Gonzales, L.; Diaz, M.; Fuentes, R.; García, G.; Palma-Behnke, R.; Ravizza, C. Correction: The Impact of a Carbon Tax on the Chilean Electricity Generation Sector. Energies 2015, 8(6), 6247-6248; doi:10.3390/en8066247 --- Wang, W.; Ouyang, W.; Hao, F. A Supply-Chain Analysis Framework for Assessing Densified Biomass Solid Fuel Utilization Policies in China. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7122-7139; doi:10.3390/en8077122 --- Punys, P.; Dumbrauskas, A.; Kasiulis, E.; Vyčienė, G.; Šilinis, L. Flow Regime Changes: From Impounding a Temperate Lowland River to Small Hydropower Operations. Energies 2015, 8(7), 7478-7501; doi:10.3390/en8077478 --- Reid, G.; Wynn, G. The Future of Solar Power in the United Kingdom. Energies 2015, 8(8), 7818-7832; doi:10.3390/en8087818 --- Scott, C.; Sugg, Z. Global Energy Development and Climate-Induced Water Scarcity—Physical Limits, Sectoral Constraints, and Policy Imperatives. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8211-8225; doi:10.3390/en8088211 --- Lilliestam, J.; Patt, A. Barriers, Risks and Policies for Renewables in the Gulf States. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8263-8285; doi:10.3390/en8088263 --- Van Ackere, S.; Van Eetvelde, G.; Schillebeeckx, D.; Papa, E.; Van Wyngene, K.; Vandevelde, L. Wind Resource Mapping Using Landscape Roughness and Spatial Interpolation Methods. Energies 2015, 8(8), 8682-8703; doi:10.3390/en8088682 --- Komendantova, N.; Vocciante, M.; Battaglini, A. Can the BestGrid Process Improve Stakeholder Involvement in Electricity Transmission Projects?. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9407-9433; doi:10.3390/en8099407 --- Kiyar, D.; Wittneben, B. Carbon as Investment Risk—The Influence of Fossil Fuel Divestment on Decision Making at Germany’s Main Power Providers. Energies 2015, 8(9), 9620-9639; doi:10.3390/en8099620 --- Bernardes, L.; Carneiro, J.; Madureira, P.; Brandão, F.; Roque, C. Determination of Priority Study Areas for Coupling CO2 Storage and CH4 Gas Hydrates Recovery in the Portuguese Offshore Area. Energies 2015, 8(9), 10276-10292; doi:10.3390/en80910276 --- Dovì, V.; Battaglini, A. Energy Policy and Climate Change: A Multidisciplinary Approach to a Global Problem. Energies 2015, 8(12), 13473-13480; doi:10.3390/en81212379
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIII, 623 Seiten)
    Edition: Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Energies
    ISBN: 9783038421580
    Language: English
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  • 149
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: ‌Cities drive economic growth but can also drive sustainable change. As the share of the world’s population living in cities rises, ambitious action in urban areas can be instrumental in achieving long‑term sustainability of the global energy system – including the carbon emission reductions required to meet the climate goals reached at COP21 in Paris. Support from national governments is a strategic prerequisite for leveraging the potential for sustainable energy technology and policy in cities that too often lies untapped. With global energy demand set to become even greater over the coming decades, Energy Technology Perspectives 2016 (ETP 2016) looks at the technology and policy opportunities available for accelerating the transition to sustainable urban energy systems. Such potential could be the key to successfully driving an energy transition that many still think impossible, provided that local and national actions can be aligned to meet the sustainability objectives at both levels. Indeed, policies still have a long way to go in this regard: ETP 2016 presents the annual IEA Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which finds once again that despite some notable progress, the rate of needed improvements is far slower than required to meet energy sector sustainability goals. By setting out sustainable energy transition pathways that incorporate detailed and transparent quantitative analysis alongside well-rounded commentary, ETP 2016 and its series of related publications have become required reading not only for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, but also for business leaders and investors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264252332
    Language: English
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  • 150
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The entry into force of the Paris Agreement has raised hopes and expectations of more concerted global efforts to tackle climate change, but how will the various country climate pledges made in Paris really affect the efficiency and carbon footprint of the energy sector? Will market dynamics change for oil, natural gas and coal - or might the slump in prices for some fuels be here to stay? How can governments address the impact of local pollution, often energy-related, on air quality? The World Energy Outlook 2016, released on 16 November, will shed light on all of these questions and more, all with the customary mix of rigorous quantitative modelling and insightful analysis. The WEO-2016 will include a particular focus on the following topical issues: -〉 The impact of COP21: WEO-2016 will track progress with the implementation of the different pledges made at COP21 and judge what they mean for long-term energy trends. Based on this assessment, it will examine and present policy options to bridge the gap and reach climate objectives. -〉 Major focus on renewables: renewable energy is vital to steer the energy system to the low-carbon future envisioned in the Paris agreement. This analysis will assess the rapid improvement in the competitiveness and economics of renewables, relative to fossil-fuels and other low carbon options, as well as the opportunities and questions that a rising share of renewable energy open up for the energy system as a whole. -〉 The road ahead for fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas remain the bedrock of global energy use but all face an uncertain period of adjustment, both to today’s market conditions and – over the longer term – to the prospect of a new policy landscape post-COP21. With lower prices bringing down the axe on many new projects, WEO-2016 will assess the impact on tomorrow’s market balances and the different pathways and risks that lie further ahead. -〉 Energy and water: Energy depends on water, and water requires energy. This analysis will assess current and future freshwater requirements for energy production, highlighting potential vulnerabilities and key stress points.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (667 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264264946
    Language: English
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  • 151
    Unknown
    Basel, Beijing, Wuhan : MDPI
    Keywords: geothermics ; development ; EGS ; energy ; exploration ; geothermal ; heat ; monitoring ; modeling ; power ; renewable ; resource ; supercritical
    Description / Table of Contents: Geothermal energy has been harnessed for recreational uses for millennia, but only for electricity generation for a little over a century. Although geothermal is unique amongst renewables for its baseload and renewable heat provision capabilities, uptake continues to lag far behind that of solar and wind. This is mainly attributable to (i) uncertainties over resource availability in poorly-explored reservoirs and (ii) the concentration of full-lifetime costs into early-stage capital expenditure (capex). Recent advances in reservoir characterization techniques are beginning to narrow the bounds of exploration uncertainty, both by improving estimates of reservoir geometry and properties, and by providing pre-drilling estimates of temperature at depth. Advances in drilling technologies and management have potential to significantly lower initial capex, while operating expenditure is being further reduced by more effective reservoir management—supported by robust models—and increasingly efficient energy conversion systems (flash, binary and combined-heat-and-power). Advances in characterization and modelling are also improving management of shallow low-enthalpy resources that can only be exploited using heat-pump technology. Taken together with increased public appreciation of the benefits of geothermal, the technology is finally ready to take its place as a mainstream renewable technology, exploited far beyond its traditional confines in the world’s volcanic regions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXX, 398 Seiten)
    Edition: Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Energies
    ISBN: 9783038421344
    Language: English
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  • 152
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Could oil prices stay lower for longer? What would it take for this to happen and what it would mean for energy security and for the energy transition? - India is set for a period of rapid, sustained growth in energy demand: how could this re-shape the energy scene? - What do new climate pledges mean for the way that the world meets its rising needs for energy?- What are the implications of the rising coverage of energy efficiency policies and the growing competitiveness of renewables? - Is the unconventional gas revolution going to go global, or to remain a North American phenomenon? These issues – and many more – are discussed here, with a special focus on India accompanying the customary, in-depth WEO analysis of the prospects for all fossil fuels, renewables, the power sector and energy efficiency around the world to 2040.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (700 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264243651
    Language: English
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  • 153
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: As climate negotiators work towards a deal that would limit the increase in global temperatures, interest is growing in the essential role technology innovation can and must play in enabling the transition to a low-carbon energy system. Indeed, recent success stories clearly indicate that there is significant and untapped potential for accelerating innovation in clean technologies if proper policy frameworks are in place. In an especially timely analysis, the 2015 edition of Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP 2015) examines innovation in the energy technology sector and seeks to increase confidence in the feasibility of achieving short- and long-term climate change mitigation targets through effective research, development, demonstration and deployment (RDD&D). ETP 2015 identifies regulatory strategies and co-operative frameworks to advance innovation in areas like variable renewables, carbon capture and storage, and energy-intensive industrial sectors. The report also shows how emerging economies, and China in particular, can foster a low-carbon transition through innovation in energy technologies and policy. Finally, ETP 2015 features the IEA annual Tracking Clean Energy Progress report, which this year shows that efforts to decarbonise the global energy sector are lagging further behind. By setting out pathways to a sustainable energy future and by incorporating detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well-rounded commentary, ETP 2015 and its series of related publications are required reading for experts in the energy field, policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (412 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264233423
    Language: English
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  • 154
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the eighth in a series of studies on electricity generating costs, presenting levilised cost of electricity projections for baseload and renewable generation plants commissioned in 2020, except where noted, in 22 countries. As policy makers work to ensure that the power supply is reliable, secure and affordable, while making it increasingly clean and sustainable in the context of the debate on climate change, it is becoming more crucial that they understand what determines the relative cost of electricity generation using fossil fuel, nuclear or renewable sources of energy. A wide range of fuels and technologies are presented in the report, including natural gas, coal, nuclear, hydro, solar, onshore and offshore wind, biomass and biogas, geothermal, and combined heat and power, drawing on a database from surveys of investment and operating costs that include a larger number of countries than previous editions. The analysis of more than 180 plants, based on data covering 22 countries, reveals several key trends, pointing, for example, to a significant decline in recent years in the cost of renewable generation. The report also reveals that nuclear energy costs remain in line with the cost of other baseload technologies, particularly in markets that value decarbonisation. Overall, cost drivers of the different generating technologies remain both market-specific and technology-specific. Readers will find a wealth of details and analysis, supported by over 200 figures and tables, underlining this report’s value as a tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies, climate change and the evolution of power sectors around the world.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (211 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264244436
    Language: English
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  • 155
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Starting from the premise that electricity will be an increasingly important vector in energy systems of the future, Energy Technology Perspectives 2014 (ETP 2014) takes a deep dive into actions needed to support deployment of sustainable options for generation, distribution and consumption. In addition to modelling the global outlook to 2050 under different scenarios for more than 500 technology options, ETP 2014 explores the possibility of “pushing the limits” in six key areas: - Solar Power: Possibly the Dominant Source by 2050 - Natural Gas in Low-Carbon Electricity Systems - Electrifying Transport: How Can E-mobility Replace Oil? - Electricity Storage: Costs, Value and Competitiveness - Attracting Finance for Low-Carbon Generation - Power Generation in India Since it was first published in 2006, ETP has evolved into a suite of publications that sets out pathways to a sustainable energy future in which optimal policy support and technology choices are driven by economics, energy security and environmental factors. - Topic-specific books and papers explore particularly timely subjects or cross-cutting challenges. - Tracking Clean Energy Progress provides a yearly snapshot of advances in diverse areas, while also showing the interplay among technologies. - Supported by the ETP analysis, IEA Technology Roadmaps assess the potential for transformation across various technology areas, and outline actions and milestones for deployment. Collectively, this series lays out the wide range of necessary and achievable steps that can be taken in the near and medium terms to set the stage for long-term energy policy objectives, clearly identifying the roles of energy sector players, policy makers and industry. Next editions will examine the role of technology innovation to meet climate goals (2015) and urban energy systems (2016). Who will benefit from using ETP 2014? Past experience shows that ETP publications attract wide and varied audiences, including experts in the energy field (e.g. technology analysts and academics), policy makers and heads of governments, as well as business leaders and investors. This reflects the value of the series’ detailed and transparent quantitative modelling analysis and well–rounded commentary, which ultimately support high-level policy messages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (382 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208001
    Language: English
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  • 156
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; wind power ; solar photovoltaics ; climate change ; electricity ; renewable energy ; energy security
    Description / Table of Contents: Wind power and solar photovoltaics (PV) are crucial to meeting future energy needs while decarbonising the power sector. Deployment of both technologies has expanded rapidly in recent years, one of the few bright spots in an otherwise bleak picture of clean energy progress. However, the inherent variability of wind power and solar PV raises unique and pressing questions. Can power systems remain reliable and cost-effective while supporting high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE)? And if so, how? Based on a thorough review of the integration challenge, this publication - gauges the economic significance of VRE integration impacts - highlights the need for a system-wide approach to integrating high shares of VRE - recommends how to achieve a cost-effective transformation of the power system. This book summarises the results of the third phase of the Grid Integration of VRE (GIVAR) project, undertaken by the IEA over the past two years. It is rooted in a set of seven case studies, comprising 15 countries on four continents. It deepens the technical analysis of previous IEA work and lays out an analytical framework for understanding the economics of VRE integration impacts. Based on detailed modelling, the impact of high shares of VRE on total system costs is analysed. In addition, the four flexible resources which are available to facilitate VRE integration – generation, grid infrastructure, storage and demand side integration – are assessed in terms of their technical performance and cost-effectiveness.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (234 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208032
    Language: English
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  • 157
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA estimates that carbon dioxide emissions could be reduced to a level that would limit long‐term global temperature increases to 2°C through broad deployment of low‐carbon energy technologies, including CCS. In the IEA’s Energy Technology Perspectives 2012 2°C Scenario (2DS), CCS contributes about one‐seventh of cumulative emissions reductions from a business‐as-usual scenario through 2050. Achieving this contribution requires appropriate policy frameworks to both promote demonstration and deployment of CCS and ensure it is undertaken in a safe and environmentally responsible manner. The IEA Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review aims to help countries develop their own regulatory frameworks by documenting and analysing recent CCS legal and regulatory developments from around the world. It was first published in 2010, and a new edition is released annually to provide an up‐to‐date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. Each edition includes short contributions from national, regional, state and provincial governments that review recent and anticipated CCS regulatory developments and highlight a particular, pre-nominated regulatory theme. To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends, based on the contributions submitted. The theme for this fourth edition of the CCS Review is policy measures to promote CCS demonstration and deployment. Other issues that have been highlighted include storage assessment and the Alberta Regulator Framework Assessment (RFA) process. Contributions from 22 governments and 6 international CCS organisations are presented in the fourth edition.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (88 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 158
    Keywords: environment ; biomass ; project ; research ; ecosystem ; purification ; reed ; resource ; Asia ; energy ; development
    Description / Table of Contents: This book depicts the results of a research project in northern China, where an international and interdisciplinary team of researchers from Italy, Germany and China has applied a broad range of methodology in order to answer basic and applied research questions and derive comprehensive recommendations for sustainable water management and wetland restoration. The project primarily focused on ecosystem services, e.g. the purification of water and biomass production. In particular, the ecosystem function and use of reed (Phragmites australis) and the perception as well as the value of water as a resource for Central Asia's multicultural societies was analysed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 242 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9788860460691
    Language: English
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  • 159
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Does growth in North American oil supply herald a new era of abundance - or does turmoil in parts of the Middle East cloud the horizon? How much can energy efficiency close the competitiveness gap caused by differences in regional energy prices? What considerations should shape decision-making in countries using, pursuing or phasing out nuclear power? How close is the world to using up the available carbon budget, which cannot be exceeded if global warming is to be contained? How can sub-Saharan Africa's energy sector help to unlock a better life for its citizens? Answers to these questions and a host of others are to be found in the pages of World Energy Outlook 2014 (WEO-2014), released on 12 November in London. Bringing together the latest data and policy developments, the WEO-2014 presents up to date projections of energy trends for the first time through to 2040. Oil, natural gas, coal, renewables and energy efficiency are covered, along with updates on trends in energy-related CO2emissions, fossil-fuel and renewable energy subsidies, and universal access to modern energy services.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (726 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264208056
    Language: English
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  • 160
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Integrating electricity markets across regions is vital both for the integration of renewable energies and to control production and distribution costs. But cross-border electricity trade continues to be perceived as potentially risky to security of electricity supply. In response, this report suggests the need for strong co-ordination of electricity security regulatory frameworks across jurisdictions. Based on the experience of International Energy Agency (IEA) member countries, this paper identifies two ways to integrate markets over wider geographic areas. The straightforward solution is to consolidate markets and system operations. For instance, merging system operators ensures that the same rules for electricity system security apply across all consolidated control areas. When this is not feasible, because of institutional barriers, co-ordinating markets and system operations can be improved One key finding of this report is that the integration of electricity security rules often lags behind integration the integration of markets themselves. This hinders the further developments needed to accommodate renewables. Governments can work together to coordinate electricity security regulations and develop the seamless power markets needed to attain decarbonisation targets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 161
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA (Please request login data at the PIK library)
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Large differences in regional energy prices are set to affect industrial competitiveness, influencing investment decisions and company strategies. The extraordinary rise of light tight oil in the United States will play a major role in meeting global demand growth over the next decade, but the Middle East – the only large source of low-cost oil – will remain at the centre of the longer-term oil outlook. India is set to overtake China in the 2020s as the principal source of growth in global energy demand. These are just some of the key findings from the IEA in the latest edition of its World Energy Outlook released today in London. Bringing together the latest data and policy developments, the World Energy Outlook 2013 presents up to date, projections of energy trends through to 2035, fuel by fuel, sector by sector, region by region and scenario by scenario. Oil is analysed in-depth: resources, production, demand, refining and international trade. Energy efficiency is treated in much the same way as conventional fuels: Its prospects and contribution are presented in a dedicated chapter. The report examines the outlook for Brazil's energy sector and provides updates on three key areas of critical importance to energy and climate trends: (i) achieving universal energy access; (ii) developments in subsidies to fossil fuels and renewables; and (iii) the impact of energy use on climate change. World Energy Outlook 2013 - special early reports: - Special Report Redrawing the energy-climate map released 10 June - Special Report Southeast Asia Energy Outlook released on 2 October The World Energy Outlook is recognised as the most authoritative source of strategic analysis of global energy markets. It is regularly used as input to the development of government policies and business strategies and raises public awareness of the key energy and environmental challenges the world is facing.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (687 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264201309
    Language: English
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  • 162
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industry and government decision makers and others with a stake in the energy sector all need WEO-2012. It presents authoritative projections of energy trends through to 2035 and insights into what they mean for energy security, environmental sustainability and economic development. Oil, coal, natural gas, renewables and nuclear power are all covered, together with an update on climate change issues. Global energy demand, production, trade, investment and carbon-dioxide emissions are broken down by region or country, by fuel and by sector. Special strategic analyses cover: - What unlocking the purely economic potential for energy efficiency could do, country-by-country and sector-by-sector, for energy markets, the economy and the environment. - The Iraqi energy sector, examining both its importance in satisfying the country’s own needs and its crucial role in meeting global oil and gas demand. - The water-energy nexus, as water resources become increasingly stressed and access more contentious. - Measures of progress towards providing universal access to modern energy services. There are many uncertainties; but many decisions cannot wait. The insights of WEO-2012 are invaluable to those who must shape our energy future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (668 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264180840
    Language: English
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  • 163
    Keywords: seismology ; seismicity ; energy
    Description / Table of Contents: In the past several years, some energy technologies that inject or extract fluid from the Earth, such as oil and gas development and geothermal energy development, have been found or suspected to cause seismic events, drawing heightened public attention. Although only a very small fraction of injection and extraction activities among the hundreds of thousands of energy development sites in the United States have induced seismicity at levels noticeable to the public, understanding the potential for inducing felt seismic events and for limiting their occurrence and impacts is desirable for state and federal agencies, industry, and the public at large. To better understand, limit, and respond to induced seismic events, work is needed to build robust prediction models, to assess potential hazards, and to help relevant agencies coordinate to address them. Induced Seismicity Potential in Energy Technologies identifies gaps in knowledge and research needed to advance the understanding of induced seismicity; identify gaps in induced seismic hazard assessment methodologies and the research to close those gaps; and assess options for steps toward best practices with regard to energy development and induced seismicity potential.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 225 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780309253673
    Language: English
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  • 164
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy ; carbon
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy efficiency is finally a common sense term. Nowadays almost everyone knows that using energy more efficiently saves money, reduces the emissions of greenhouse gasses and lowers dependence on imported fossil fuels. We are living in a fossil age at the peak of its strength. Competition for securing resources for fuelling economic development is increasing, price of fuels will increase while availability of would gradually decline. Small nations will be first to suffer if caught unprepared in the midst of the struggle for resources among the large players. Here it is where energy efficiency has a potential to lead toward the natural next step - transition away from imported fossil fuels! Someone said that the only thing more harmful then fossil fuel is fossilized thinking. It is our sincere hope that some of chapters in this book will influence you to take a fresh look at the transition to low carbon economy and the role that energy efficiency can play in that process.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (344 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535103400
    Language: English
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  • 165
    Keywords: energy ; lowcarbon city ; solid waste management ; sustainable development ; urban development ; urban transport
    Description / Table of Contents: The continuing rapid growth and development of China’s cities brings many complex challenges. Tasked with supporting strong economic development that provides jobs and a good quality of life for its growing number of residents, China’s cities also must ensure sustainable development in line with national efforts to transition to a less carbon-intensive economy, as outlined in China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China summarizes, through the specific lens of low-carbon development, the lessons of the World Bank’s activities related to sustainable urban development in China. The various chapters present overall approaches and achievements in low-carbon city developments and highlight specific experiences across all urban sectors, including energy, transport, solid waste, water, and waste water. The book also explores cities’ role in climate adaptation and opportunities presented by carbon finance and other global mechanisms to finance low-carbon city development. The World Bank project data and experience combined with the national and international experience presented in this edited book deliver both a broad picture and actionable steps for China’s urban development. The chapters argue that China’s cities not only need to, but also have an opportunity and the ability to integrate sustainable low-carbon development in their urban development. Low-carbon efforts align closely with the sustainable urbanization agenda and the book points to multiple benefits, such as improved air quality and urban livability, that can be derived from implementing this urgent agenda. The intended audience of this edited book is government officials of municipalities, cities, and townships in China who will be defining policies and programs to achieve the targets of economic growth and carbon emission reductions emerging from the 12th Five-Year Plan. The lessons presented may also be of interest to other countries and development partners supporting low-carbon urban programs.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXVII, 516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821389881
    Language: English
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  • 166
    Keywords: energy ; lowcarbon city ; solid waste management ; sustainable development ; urban development ; urban transport
    Description / Table of Contents: The continuing rapid growth and development of China’s cities brings many complex challenges. Tasked with supporting strong economic development that provides jobs and a good quality of life for its growing number of residents, China’s cities also must ensure sustainable development in line with national efforts to transition to a less carbon-intensive economy, as outlined in China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. Sustainable Low-Carbon City Development in China summarizes, through the specific lens of low-carbon development, the lessons of the World Bank’s activities related to sustainable urban development in China. The various chapters present overall approaches and achievements in low-carbon city developments and highlight specific experiences across all urban sectors, including energy, transport, solid waste, water, and waste water. The book also explores cities’ role in climate adaptation and opportunities presented by carbon finance and other global mechanisms to finance low-carbon city development. The World Bank project data and experience combined with the national and international experience presented in this edited book deliver both a broad picture and actionable steps for China’s urban development. The chapters argue that China’s cities not only need to, but also have an opportunity and the ability to integrate sustainable low-carbon development in their urban development. Low-carbon efforts align closely with the sustainable urbanization agenda and the book points to multiple benefits, such as improved air quality and urban livability, that can be derived from implementing this urgent agenda. The intended audience of this edited book is government officials of municipalities, cities, and townships in China who will be defining policies and programs to achieve the targets of economic growth and carbon emission reductions emerging from the 12th Five-Year Plan. The lessons presented may also be of interest to other countries and development partners supporting low-carbon urban programs.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (LXVII, 516 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821389881
    Language: English
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  • 167
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy ; technology
    Description / Table of Contents: This book covers the areas of fundamentals in energy conservation and its applications in selected industries. There are nine chapters in this book which have been written by leading experts in energy from all over the world. The topics range from energy fundamentals from cosmic radiation, tidal waves and dams. The chapters examine the potential of utilizing energy from sustainable resources and how energy consumption may be conserved from various new technologies. The contents of this book include space energy, barotropic and baroclinic tidal energy, understanding energy conservation in biological context, Earth shelters, hydro power, biofuel from groundnut oil and low energy consumption in industrial production. This book is suitable as a reference for students, educators, researchers, scientists, engineers and energy practitioners. It will also be a useful for the understanding of energy fundamentals, design and applications.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (238 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535108290
    Language: English
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  • 168
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural gas is poised to enter a golden age, but this future hinges critically on the successful development of the world’s vast unconventional gas resources. North American experience shows unconventional gas - notably shale gas - can be exploited economically. Many countries are lining up to emulate this success. But some governments are hesitant, or even actively opposed. They are responding to public concerns that production might involve unacceptable environmental and social damage. This report, in the World Energy Outlook series, treats these aspirations and anxieties with equal seriousness. It features two new cases: a Golden Rules Case, in which the highest practicable standards are adopted, gaining industry a "social licence to operate"; and its counterpart, in which the tide turns against unconventional gas as constraints prove too difficult to overcome.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (150 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 169
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of worldwide efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA estimates that emissions can be reduced to a level consistent with a 2°C global temperature increase through the broad deployment of low-carbon energy technologies – and that CCS would contribute about one-fifth of emission reductions in this scenario. Achieving this level of deployment will require that regulatory frameworks – or rather a lack thereof – do not unnecessarily impede environmentally safe demonstration and deployment of CCS, so in October 2010 the IEA launched the IEA Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review. The CCS Review is a regular review of CCS regulatory progress worldwide. Produced annually, it collates contributions by national and regional governments, as well as leading organisations engaged in CCS regulatory activities, to provide a knowledge-sharing forum to support CCS framework development. Each two page contribution provides a short summary of recent and anticipated CCS regulatory developments and highlights a particular, pre-nominated regulatory theme. To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends, based on the contributions submitted. The theme for this third edition is stakeholder engagement in the development of CO2 storage projects. Other issues addressed include: regulating CO2-EOR, CCS and CO2-EOR for storage; CCS incentive policy; key, substantive issues being addressed by jurisdictions taking steps to finalise CCS regulatory framework development; and CCS legal and regulatory developments in the context of the Clean Energy Ministerial Carbon Capture, Use and Storage Action Group.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 170
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Due to its clean burning properties, low investment costs and flexibility in production, natural gas is often put forward as the ideal partner fuel for wind power and other renewable sources of electricity generation with strongly variable output. This working paper examines three vital questions associated with this premise: 1) Is natural gas indeed the best partner fuel for wind power? 2) If so, to what extent will an increasing market share of wind power in European electricity generation affect demand for natural gas in the power sector? and 3) Considering the existing European natural gas markets, is natural gas capable of fulfilling this role of partner for renewable sources of electricity?
    Pages: Online-Ressource (54 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 171
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) is the International Energy Agency’s most ambitious publication on new developments in energy technology. It demonstrates how technologies – from electric vehicles to smart grids – can make a decisive difference in achieving the objective of limiting the global temperature rise to 2°C and enhancing energy security. ETP 2012 presents scenarios and strategies to 2050, with the aim of guiding decision makers on energy trends and what needs to be done to build a clean, secure and competitive energy future. ETP 2012 shows: • Current progress on clean energy deployment, and what can be done to accelerate it • How energy security and low carbon energy are linked • How energy systems will become more complex in the future, why systems integration is beneficial and how it can be achieved • How demand for heating and cooling will evolve dramatically and which solutions will satisfy it • Why flexible electricity systems are increasingly important, and how a system with smarter grids, energy storage and flexible generation can work • Why hydrogen could play a big role in the energy system of the future • Why fossil fuels will not disappear but will see their roles change, and what it means for the energy system as a whole • What is needed to realise the potential of carbon capture and storage (CCS) • Whether available technologies can allow the world to have zero energy related emissions by 2075 – which seems a necessary condition for the world to meet the 2°C target
    Pages: Online-Ressource (690 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 172
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: natural gas ; energy
    Description / Table of Contents: Natural gas is a vital component of the world's supply of energy and an important source of many bulk chemicals and speciality chemicals. It is one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources, and helps to meet the world's rising demand for cleaner energy into the future. However, exploring, producing and bringing gas to the user or converting gas into desired chemicals is a systematical engineering project, and every step requires thorough understanding of gas and the surrounding environment. Any advances in the process link could make a step change in gas industry. There have been increasing efforts in gas industry in recent years. With state-of-the-art contributions by leading experts in the field, this book addressed the technology advances in natural gas industry.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (554 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535105077
    Language: English
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  • 173
    Unknown
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World Energy Outlook 2011 brings together the latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another year to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets, today and for the next 25 years. This edition of the IEA’s flagship WEO publication gives the latest energy demand and supply projections for different future scenarios, broken down by country, fuel and sector. It also gives special focus to such topical energy sector issues as: • Russia’s energy prospects and their implications for global markets. • The role of coal in driving economic growth in an emissions-constrained world. • The implications of a possible delay in oil and gas sector investment in the Middle East and North Africa. • How high-carbon infrastructure “lock-in” is making the 2°C climate change goal more challenging and expensive to meet. • The scale of fossil fuel subsidies and support for renewable energy and their impact on energy, economic and environmental trends. • A “Low Nuclear Case” to investigate what a rapid slowdown in the use of nuclear power would mean for the global energy landscape. • The scale and type of investment needed to provide modern energy to the billions of the world’s poor that do not have it. WEO-2011 provides invaluable insights into how the energy system could evolve over the next quarter of a century. The book is essential reading for anyone with a stake in the energy sector.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (659 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264124134
    Language: English
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  • 174
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This working paper evaluates cost and performance trends related to carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power generation, based on extensive analysis of data from major engineering studies published between 2006 and 2010. Since individual studies use different methodologies and boundary conditions, study estimates for over 50 CO2 capture installations are re-evaluated on a consistent basis and updated to current cost levels. The paper discusses the need for further standardisation of evaluation methodologies and additional data for specific CO2 capture routes. Further analysis for non-OECD countries is considered crucial for global energy scenario models, and for improving the skills and knowledge developing countries need to evaluate the role of CCS in their national energy contexts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (51 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 175
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that 100 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) projects will be required by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050 if CCS is to contribute fully to the least-cost technology portfolio for CO2 mitigation. For CCS to reach its emissions reduction potential, the 2009 IEA publication Technology Roadmap: Carbon Capture and Storage recommends that international legal obstacles associated with global CCS deployment be removed by 2012 – including the prohibition on transboundary CO2 transfer under the London Protocol. The London Protocol was amended by contracting parties in 2009 to allow for cross-border transportation of CO2 for sub-seabed storage, but the amendment must be ratified by two-thirds of contracting parties to enter into force. It is unlikely that this will occur in the near term; this working paper therefore outlines options that may be available to contracting parties under international law to address the barrier to deployment presented by Article 6, pending formal entry into force of the 2009 amendment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 176
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: What impact will the return of high energy prices have on the fragile economic recovery? Will geopolitical unrest, price volatility and policy inaction defer investment in the oil sector and amplify risks to our energy security? What will renewed uncertainty surrounding the role of nuclear power mean for future energy and environmental trends? Is the gap between our climate actions and our climate goals becoming insurmountable? World Energy Outlook 2011 tackles these and other pressing questions. The latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another turbulent year are brought together to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets. WEO-2011 once again gives detailed energy demand and supply projections out to 2035, broken down by region, fuel, sector and scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 177
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA’s Smart Grids Technology Roadmap identified five global trends that could be effectively addressed by deploying smart grids. These are: increasing peak load (the maximum power that the grid delivers during peak hours), rising electricity consumption, electrification of transport, deployment of variable generation technologies (e.g. wind and solar PV) and ageing infrastructure. Along with this roadmap, a new working paper – Impact of Smart Grid Technologies on Peak Load to 2050 – develops a methodology to estimate the evolution of peak load until 2050. It also analyses the impact of smart grid technologies in reducing peak load for four key regions; OECD North America, OECD Europe, OECD Pacific and China. This working paper is a first IEA effort in an evolving modelling process of smart grids that is considering demand response in residential and commercial sectors as well as the integration of electric vehicles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 178
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Timely and effective deployment of demand response could greatly increase power system flexibility, electricity security and market efficiency. Considerable progress has been made in recent years to harness demand response. However, most of this potential remains to be developed. The paper draws from IEA experience to identify barriers to demand response, and possible enablers that can encourage more timely and effective demand response including cost reflective pricing, retail market reform, and improved load control and metering equipment. Governments have a key role to play in developing and implementing the policy, legal, regulatory and market frameworks needed to empower customer choice and accelerate the development and deployment of cost-effective demand response.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 179
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increased focus has been placed on the issues of energy access and energy poverty over the last number of years, most notably indicated by the United Nations (UN) declaring 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. Although attention in these topics has increased, incorrect assumptions and misunderstandings still arise in both the literature and dialogues. Access to energy does not only include electricity, does not only include cook stoves, but must include access to all types of energy that form the overall energy system. This paper chooses to examine this energy system using a typology that breaks it into 3 primary energy subsystems: heat energy, electricity and transportation. Describing the global energy system using these three subsystems provides a way to articulate the differences and similarities for each system’s required investments needs by the private and public sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 180
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. This Brochure provides and overview of the analysis and results. Readers interested in an in-depth discussion of methodology are referred to the MOSES Working Paper.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (16 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 181
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that 100 carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects must be implemented by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050 if CCS is to fully contribute to the least-cost technology portfolio for CO2 mitigation. To help countries address the many legal and regulatory issues associated with such rapid deployment, the IEA launched the Carbon Capture and Storage Legal and Regulatory Review (CCS Review) in October 2010. The CCS Review gathers contributions by national and regional governments, as well as leading organisations engaged in CCS regulatory activities, to provide a knowledge-sharing forum that supports national-level CCS regulatory development. Each contribution provides a short summary of recent and anticipated developments and highlights a particular regulatory theme (such as financial contributions to long-term stewardship). To introduce each edition, the IEA provides a brief analysis of key advances and trends. Produced bi-annually, the CCS Review provides an up-to-date snapshot of global CCS regulatory developments. The theme for the second edition of the CCS Review, released in May 2011, is long-term liability for stored CO2. Other key issues addressed include: national progress towards implementation of the EU CCS Directive; developments in marine treaties relevant to CCS; international climate change negotiations; and the development process for CCS regulation.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 182
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electricity use is growing worldwide, providing a range of energy services: lighting, heating and cooling, specific industrial uses, entertainment, information technologies, and mobility. Because its generation remains largely based on fossil fuels, electricity is also the largest and the fastest-growing source of energy-related CO2 emissions, the primary cause of human-induced climate change. Forecasts from the IEA and others show that “decarbonising” electricity and enhancing end-use efficiency can make major contributions to the fight against climate change. Global and regional trends on electricity supply and demand indicate the magnitude of the decarbonisation challenge ahead. As climate concerns become an essential component of energy policy-making, the generation and use of electricity will be subject to increasingly strong policy actions by governments to reduce their associated CO2 emissions. Despite these actions, and despite very rapid growth in renewable energy generation, significant technology and policy challenges remain if this unprecedented essential transition is to be achieved. The IEA Climate and Electricity Annual 2011 provides an authoritative resource on progress to date in this area, with statistics related to CO2 and the electricity sector across ten regions of the world. It also presents topical analyses on meeting the challenge of rapidly curbing CO2 emissions from electricity, from both a policy and technology perspective.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (90 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 183
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: What impact will the return of high energy prices have on the fragile economic recovery? Will geopolitical unrest, price volatility and policy inaction defer investment in the oil sector and amplify risks to our energy security? What will renewed uncertainty surrounding the role of nuclear power mean for future energy and environmental trends? Is the gap between our climate actions and our climate goals becoming insurmountable? World Energy Outlook 2011 tackles these and other pressing questions. The latest data, policy developments, and the experience of another turbulent year are brought together to provide robust analysis and insight into global energy markets. WEO-2011 once again gives detailed energy demand and supply projections out to 2035, broken down by region, fuel, sector and scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 184
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. The main message of this paper is that while carbon pricing is a prerequisite for least-cost carbon mitigation strategies, carbon pricing is not enough to overcome all the barriers to cost-effective energy efficiency actions. Energy efficiency policy should be designed carefully for each sector to ensure optimal outcomes for a combination of economic, social and climate change goals. This paper aims to examine the justification for specific energy efficiency policies in economies with carbon pricing in place. The paper begins with an inventory of existing market failures that attempt to explain the limited uptake of energy efficiency. These market failures are investigated to see which can be overcome by carbon pricing in two subsectors – electricity use in residential appliances and heating energy use in buildings. This analysis finds that carbon pricing addresses energy efficiency market failures such as externalities and imperfect energy markets. However, several market and behavioural failures in the two subsectors are identified that appear not to be addressed by carbon pricing. These include: imperfect information; principal-agent problems; and behavioural failures. In this analysis, the policies that address these market failures are identified as complementary to carbon pricing and their level of interaction with carbon pricing policies is relatively positive. These policies should be implemented when they can improve energy efficiency effectively and efficiently (and achieve other national goals such as improving socio-economic efficiency).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (44 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 185
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper explores the relationships between climate policy and renewable energy policy instruments. It shows that, even where CO2 emissions are duly priced, specific incentives for supporting the early deployment of renewable energy technologies are justified by the steep learning curves of nascent technologies. This early investment reduces costs in the longer term and makes renewable energy affordable when it needs to be deployed on a very large scale to fully contribute to climate change mitigation and energy security. The paper also reveals other noteworthy interaction effects of climate policy and renewable policy instruments on the wholesale electricity prices in deregulated markets, which open new areas for future research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 186
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency’s Energy Efficiency Unit (EEU) has begun a new programme of work on innovative energy-efficiency policies for mitigating fuel poverty. The IEAs current research focuses on the potential for low-income weatherisation programmes to address poor housing quality – the main driver of fuel poverty - as well as innovative methods for financing and evaluating such programmes. A common problem is that the energy-saving benefits accruing to fuel-poor households barely offset the investment required, suggesting a weak return on government spending. However, these investments have additional co-benefits for participants as well as for energy providers, property owners, local communities and society as a whole. This first IEA workshop focused on methods for incorporating the range of co-benefits into evaluation of low-income weatherisation programmes. The presentations given by top experts in the fuel poverty field are summarised in this report, along with conclusions and proposals for further research.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (40 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 187
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Special early excerpt of the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the United Nations General Assembly on the Millenium Development Goals.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 188
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: As demonstrated by the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami-triggered blackouts in Japan, electricity shortfalls can happen anytime and anywhere. Countries can minimise the negative economic, social and environmental impacts of such electricity shortfalls by developing emergency energy-saving strategies before a crisis occurs. This new IEA report Saving Electricity in a Hurry: Update 2011 highlights preliminary findings and conclusions from electricity shortfalls in Japan, the United States, New Zealand, South Africa and Chile. It draws on recent analysis to: - reinforce well-established guidelines on diagnosing electricity shortfalls, identifying energy-saving opportunities and selecting a package of energy-saving measures; and - highlight proven practice for implementing emergency energy-saving programmes. This paper will be valuable to government, academic, private-sector and civil-society stakeholders who inform, develop and implement electricity policy in general, and emergency energy-saving programmes in particular.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 189
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Increased focus has been placed on the issues of energy access and energy poverty over the last number of years, most notably indicated by the United Nations (UN) declaring 2012 as the “International Year of Sustainable Energy for All”. Although attention in these topics has increased, incorrect assumptions and misunderstandings still arise in both the literature and dialogues. Access to energy does not only include electricity, does not only include cook stoves, but must include access to all types of energy that form the overall energy system. This paper chooses to examine this energy system using a typology that breaks it into 3 primary energy subsystems: heat energy, electricity and transportation. Describing the global energy system using these three subsystems provides a way to articulate the differences and similarities for each system’s required investments needs by the private and public sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (64 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 190
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. Ensuring energy security has been at the centre of the IEA mission since its inception, following the oil crises of the early 1970s. While the security of oil supplies remains important, contemporary energy security policies must address all energy sources and cover a a comprehensive range of natural, economic and political risks that affect energy sources, infrastructures and services. In response to this challenge, the IEA is currently developing a Model Of Short-term Energy Security (MOSES) to evaluate the energy security risks and resilience capacities of its member countries. The current version of MOSES covers short-term security of supply for primary energy sources and secondary fuels among IEA countries. It also lays the foundation for analysis of vulnerabilities of electricity and end-use energy sectors. MOSES contains a novel approach to analysing energy security, which can be used to identify energy security priorities, as a starting point for national energy security assessments and to track the evolution of a country’s energy security profile. By grouping together countries with similar “energy security profiles”, MOSES depicts the energy security landscape of IEA countries. By extending the MOSES methodology to electricity security and energy services in the future, the IEA aims to develop a comprehensive policy-relevant perspective on global energy security. This Working Paper is intended for readers who wish to explore the MOSES methodology in depth; there is also a brochure which provides an overview of the analysis and results.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (48 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 191
    Keywords: carbon ; energy ; climate change ; coal emissions ; energy efficiency
    Description / Table of Contents: This study from the Independent Evaluation Group draws lessons for development and climate change mitigation from the World Bank Group’s far-reaching portfolio of projects in energy, forestry, transport, coal power, and technology transfer. Reviewing what has worked, what hasn’t, and why, the evaluation’s key findings include: Energy efficiency can offer countries direct economic returns that dwarf those of most other development projects, while also reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Tropical forest protected areas, on average, significantly reduce tropical deforestation, preserving carbon and biodiversity. Deforestation rates are lower in areas that allowed sustainable use by local populations than in strictly protected areas. Deforestation rates were lowest of all in indigenous forest areas. For renewable energy projects, long-duration loans have been important in making projects financially viable.. But at prevailing carbon prices, carbon offset sales had little impact on most renewable energy projects’ rate of returns, and did not address investors’ need for up-front capital. Technology transfer – broadly understood to include diffusion of technical and financial innovations related to low-carbon development – has worked well when the logic of piloting and demonstration is well thought out, and when grants are used to mitigate the risk of pioneering efforts.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXXIX, 128 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821386545
    Language: English
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  • 192
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this report is to help EE practitioners, government officials and stakeholders to establish the most effective EE governance structures, given their specific country context. It also aims to provide readers with relevant and accessible information to support the development of comprehensive and effective governance mechanisms. The International Energy Agency (IEA) conducted a global review of many elements of EE governance,including legal frameworks, institutional frameworks, funding mechanisms, co-ordination mechanisms and accountability arrangements, such as evaluation and oversight. The research tools included a survey of over 500 EE experts in 110 countries, follow-up interviews of over 120 experts in 27 countries and extensive desk study and literature searches on good EE governance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (226 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 193
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy ; energy efficiency ; global warming
    Description / Table of Contents: Global warming resulting from the use of fossil fuels is threatening the environment and energy efficiency is one of the most important ways to reduce this threat. Industry, transport and buildings are all high energy-using sectors in the world and even in the most technologically optimistic perspectives energy use is projected to increase in the next 50 years. How and when energy is used determines society's ability to create long-term sustainable energy systems. This is why this book, focusing on energy efficiency in these sectors and from different perspectives, is sharp and also important for keeping a well-founded discussion on the subject.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (188 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071374
    Language: English
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  • 194
    Unknown
    Rijeka : InTech
    Keywords: energy ; energy engineering
    Description / Table of Contents: The contributions in this book present an overview of cutting edge research on natural gas which is a vital component of world's supply of energy. Natural gas is a combustible mixture of hydrocarbon gases, primarily methane but also heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane and butane. Unlike other fossil fuels, natural gas is clean burning and emits lower levels of potentially harmful by-products into the air. Therefore, it is considered as one of the cleanest, safest, and most useful of all energy sources applied in variety of residential, commercial and industrial fields. The book is organized in 25 chapters that cover various aspects of natural gas research: technology, applications, forecasting, numerical simulations, transport and risk assessment.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (616 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789533071121
    Language: English
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  • 195
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Oil and gas markets have been marked by an increased divergence in recent months. On the one hand, oil market developments have generated an unpleasant sense of déja vu: rapid demand growth in emerging markets eclipsed sluggish supply growth to push prices higher even before the conflict in Libya tightened supplies still further. Oil prices around $100/bbl are weighing down on an already-fragile macroeconomic and financial situation in the OECD, pressuring national budgets in the non-OECD and causing price inflation of other commodities, as well as political concerns about speculation. There is an uncanny resemblance to the first half of 2008. On the other hand, in the world of natural gas an amazing disconnect has developed as demand recovered to well above pre-financial-crisis levels in most major regions. Gas markets have tightened in Europe and Asia, where prices are about twice the level seen in the United States, as the unconventional gas revolution is in full swing. From the upstream implications of the Arab Spring to the macroeconomic consequences of the eurozone crisis, energy markets are experiencing one of the most uncertain periods in decades. Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2011 provides a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas fundamentals through 2016. The oil market analysis covers demand developments on a product-by-product and key-sector basis, as well as a detailed bottom-up assessment of upstream and refinery investments, trade flows, oil products supply and OPEC spare capacity. The gas market analysis offers a region-by-region assessment of demand and production, infrastructure investment, price developments and prospects for unconventional gas. It also examines the globalising LNG trade.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (272 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 196
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are set to double by 2050 unless decisive action is taken. International Energy Agency (IEA) analysis demonstrates, however, that it is possible – in the same timeframe to 2050 – to reduce projected greenhouse-gas emissions to half 2005 levels, but this will require an energy technology revolution, involving the aggressive deployment of a portfolio of low-carbon energy technologies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (130 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 197
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Brazil, China, India and South Africa have each worked to improve access to electricity services. While many of the challenges faced by these countries are similar, the means of addressing them varied in their application and effectiveness. This report analyses the four country profiles, determining the pre-requisites to successful rural electrification policies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (118 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 198
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. For the first time, the IEA has merged its medium-term market reports for oil and gas, thereby giving readers a broader perspective on global trends. Critical questions persist for both markets, including whether economic and energy demand outlooks are clearer than in mid-2009. Do oil markets show a genuine structural shift in demand patterns? Will they sustain a nascent recovery in upstream spending evident in 2010? And how long will current levels of OPEC spare capacity persist? For the gas market, will demand recover from its collapse in 2009? How long will the gas glut last? Will unconventional gas revolutionise gas markets outside North America? And how is consumption changing in China, Russia and the Middle East? Medium-Term Oil and Gas Markets 2010 presents a comprehensive outlook for oil and gas market fundamentals over the next three to five years. The oil market analysis develops two demand scenarios that reflect uncertainties about the path of economic recovery after the global slow-down in 2008/09. Market balances are generated from detailed analysis of upstream investment projects, oil field decline rates, product-by-product demand trends, and refinery investment and operations. The gas market analysis assesses prices, unconventional gas, future demand developments and LNG markets, as well as investment across the gas value chain. With a focus on key producers (including Russia, the Caspian region and the Middle East) and rising LNG exporters (such as Australia), it examines implications for global gas markets.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (373 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 199
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This joint report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) is the seventh in a series of studies on electricity generating costs. It presents the latest data available for a wide variety of fuels and technologies, including coal and gas (with and without carbon capture), nuclear, hydro, onshore and offshore wind, biomass, solar, wave and tidal as well as combined heat and power (CHP). It provides levelised costs of electricity (LCOE) per MWh for almost 200 plants, based on data covering 21 countries (including four major non-OECD countries), and several industrial companies and organisations. For the first time, the report contains an extensive sensitivity analysis of the impact of variations in key parameters such as discount rates, fuel prices and carbon costs on LCOE. Additional issues affecting power generation choices are also examined. The study shows that the cost competitiveness of electricity generating technologies depends on a number of factors which may vary nationally and regionally. Readers will find full details and analyses, supported by over 130 figures and tables, in this report which is expected to constitute a valuable tool for decision makers and researchers concerned with energy policies and climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (218 Seiten)
    Language: English
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  • 200
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The International Energy Agency (IEA) considers carbon capture and storage (CCS) a crucial part of worldwide efforts to limit global warming by reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. The IEA has estimated that the broad deployment of low-carbon energy technologies could reduce projected 2050 emissions to half 2005 levels – and that CCS could contribute about one-fifth of those reductions. Reaching that goal, however, would require around 100 CCS projects to be implemented by 2020 and over 3 000 by 2050.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    Language: English
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