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  • 101
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphology and reproduction of the adventive Mediterranean rhodophyte Polysiphonia setacea (1999)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 398-399 (1999), S. 91-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Polysiphonia setacea ; Rhodophyta ; culture ; growth ; biogeography ; Mediterranean Sea
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The red alga Polysiphonia setacea Hollenberg (=Womersleyella setacea (Hollenberg) R. Norris), described originally from the Hawaiian Islands and later reported for other tropical localities, has recently become widespread in the Mediterranean. In several localities it forms a dense, almost monospecific turf but, despite its abundance, it appears to reproduce only vegetatively; neither sporangia nor sexual reproductive structures have thus far been found. In order to elucidate its life history, plants were cultured in a variety of conditions of temperature, daylength and photon irradiance, and the upper thermal limit was also determined. Isolates of P. setacea grew well in culture, but were more tufted and branched than wild plants. No reproduction by spores or gametes was observed and only an unusual form of vegetative regeneration was found. Some pericentral cells became darker and larger than the others and produced proliferations from which new plants arose. Plants grew best at 15 and 20 °C, and relatively poor growth was observed at 10 and 25 °C. At 20 °C growth was better in long days than in short days. The upper thermal limit was 28 °C, and plants were able to tolerate a temperature as low as 5 °C for 4 weeks without any damage. These observations show that P. setacea is well adapted to the environmental conditions of the western Mediterranean, and there is good agreement with the phenology of the species in the wild. Although this entity has been treated as an introduction from a tropical area, our results suggest that the Mediterranean entity would not be able to survive or grow in surface waters of tropical areas whence this species has been reported. However, the occurrence of thermal ecotypes in P. setacea is a possibility and further studies, based perhaps on molecular data, are necessary to assess the origin of the Mediterranean populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017061428205
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  • 102
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Life History of Black Seabream, Spondyliosoma cantharus, off the Canary Islands, Central-east Atlantic (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 54 (1999), S. 325-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): population structure ; reproduction ; growth ; mortality ; fish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Black seabream, Spondyliosoma cantharus, caught off the Canary Islands is characterized by a protogynous hermaphroditism. The size range of the catches is between 8 and 40 cm, with a main distribution between 16 and 24 cm. The mean length of the individuals shows an increase with increasing depth. Males:females ratio is unbalanced in favour of females (1:2.18). The reproductive season extends from late autumn to mid spring, with a peak in spawning activity in January–February. A dichromatism is found between males and females during the spawning season. Males reach maturity at a larger total length, 22.7 cm (3 years old), than females, 17.3 cm (2 years old). Morphometric relationship between length and mass for the whole population is described by the parameters: a=0.00732, and b=3.24747. Otoliths age readings indicate that the exploited population consists of eleven age groups (0–X years), including a very high proportion of individuals between 2 and 3 years old. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for the whole population are: L∞=43.35 cm, k=0.24 year−1, and t0=−0.11 year. The rates of total, natural and fishing mortality are 1.36, 0.52 and 0.84 year−1, respectively. The length at first capture is 16.8 cm. The exploitation rate indicates that the stock is overfished.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007515301745
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  • 103
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the Life History of a Cyprinid Fish, Labeo cylindricus (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 55 (1999), S. 215-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): gonadosomatic index ; growth ; maturity ; migration ; mortality ; sex ratio ; spawning ; von Bertalanffy growth model
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Aspects of the life history of Labeo cylindricus in Lake Chicamba, a man made hydroelectric dam in central Mozambique were investigated. L. cylindricus was found to be a potadrometic, synchronous spawner concentrating in river mouths prior to migrating up flowing rivers in January to spawn. Length-at-(50%)-maturity was attained at a fork length (FL) of 96 mm for males and 98 mm for females, both within their first year of life. The adult sex ratio was found to be female dominated at 1 male:1.63 females. Scales were used to age the species, with two growth checks deposited annually. Growth was rapid and was best described by the von Bertalanffy growth model as L t =224.2(1−e-0.66(r+0.03)) mm FL. A maximum age of 4 years was observed for L. cylindricus with the largest male and female measuring 210 mm FL and 235 mm FL, respectively. The rate of natural mortality was estimated to be extremely high at 1.93 year-1 using length-converted catch curve analysis and is possibly a response to heavy predation by the introduced piscivore Micropterus salmoides.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007543319416
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  • 104
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Contribution to the Biology of the Vermilion Snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens, in Trinidad and Tobago, West Indies (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 55 (1999), S. 413-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): reproduction ; spawning ; age ; growth ; vermilion snapper ; Trinidad ; Tobago
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Reproduction and growth of the vermilion snapper, Rhomboplites aurorubens, were studied in Trinidad and Tobago. The smallest individual caught measured 145 mm total length (TL) and all fish appeared to be mature. It was not possible to precisely determine size at first maturity due to the use of macroscopic techniques. The smallest spent male and female measured 181 and 211 mm TL respectively, suggesting a size at first maturity below these sizes. Spawning occurred throughout the year, with a period of peak spawning from about June to November in the rainy season when river runoff increased. Sagittal otolith sections were used for age determination and the opaque ring, which was counted as the annulus, was deposited from January to May in the dry season. A total of 11 age groups between the ages of 2–12 years (155–505 mm total length) were found. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters were: L∞=532 mm, K=0.13 y−1, and t0=−0.17, where L∞ is the asymptotic length, K is the growth coefficient and t0 is the theoretical age at zero length. The relationship between weight (WT) and length (TL) was WT=3.43×10−5 TL2.82. Vermilion snapper in this study area appears to grow slower and attain a smaller asymptotic length, but has a longer lifespan than found in populations in higher latitudes. This may be attributed to different levels of exploitation, which may be higher in the latter areas.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007513432102
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  • 105
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Periodic chilling exposure during nursery culture (1999)
    Springer
    New forests 18 (1999), S. 301-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Schlagwort(e): chilling stress ; drought stress recovery ; field performance ; growth ; morphology ; nursery culture ; tree nursery
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Five week old white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss] seedlings were placed within controlled-temperature growth chambers, and subjected to one of four periodic, chilling treatments for approximately 16 weeks. The treatments differed in the frequency of 24 hour exposure to 5 °C the seedlings received, and ranged from no chilling (control), to once every two, three or four days. After 25 weeks of growth, the control seedlings were significantly taller than all chilling-exposed seedlings, but stem diameters were similar. Chilling did not affect either needle length or needle density compared to control seedlings. During a water deficit test, frequently chilling-exposed seedlings maintained significantly higher mid-day shoot water potentials under extreme water stress. Re-watering after the drought resulted in all chilling-treated seedlings recovering faster to pre-stress shoot water potential levels than the control seedlings. Measurements of new root growth after 21 days at 10 °C indicated that previous chilling exposure delayed or inhibited new root production.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006687523702
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  • 106
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The biochemical control of leaf expansion during drought (1999)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 29 (1999), S. 101-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): ABA ; cell wall-associated peroxidase ; expansins ; growth ; pH ; XET
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Over the past decade it has become clear that we cannot always explain the observed reduction in leaf expansion rates during drought by measuring the plant's water relations. This has led us to question the possibility of a role for the cell wall and its biochemical machinery in controlling the rate of leaf expansion during drought. However, if we are to reject or modify previous assumptions regarding the control of leaf expansion during drought, then we must offer alternative explanations. This article addresses recent work from this laboratory and in the literature, concerning the involvement of cell wall-enzymes, pH and abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating leaf expansion during water deficit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006299514732
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  • 107
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Use of dipyridyl-dithio substrates to measure directly the protein disulfide-thiol interchange activity of the auxin stimulated NADH: Protein disulfide reductase (NADH oxidase) of soybean plasma membranes (1999)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 200 (1999), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): NADH oxidase ; protein disulfide-thiol interchange ; dipyridyl-dithio substrates ; plasma membrane ; auxin ; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid ; growth ; plant (Glycine max)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Dipyridyl-dithio substrates were cleaved by isolated vesicles of plasma membranes prepared from etiolated hypocotyls of soybean. The cleavage was stimulated by auxins at physiological concentrations. The substrates utilized were principally 2,2′-dithiodippyrine (DTP) and 6,6′-dithiodinicotinic acid (DTNA). The DTP generated 2 moles of 2-pyridinethione whereas the 6,6′-dithiodinicotinic acid generated 2 moles of 6-nicotinylthionine. Both products absorbed at 340 nm. The auxin herbicide, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stimulated the activity approximately 2-fold to a maximum at about 10 μM. Concentrations of 2,4-D greater than 100 μM inhibited the activity. Indole-3-acetic acid stimulated the activity as well. The growth-inactive auxin, 2,3-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,3-D), was without effect. DTNA cleavage correlated with oxidation of NADH and reduction of protein disulfide bonds reported earlier in terms of location at the external plasma membrane surface, absolute specific activity, pH dependence and auxin specificity. The dipyridyl-dithio substrates provide, for the first time, a direct measure of the disulfide-thiol interchange activity of the protein previously measured only indirectly as an auxin-dependent ability of isolated plasma membrane vesicles to restore activity to scrambled and inactive RNase.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006916116297
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  • 108
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relationship between silicon availability, and growth and silicon concentration of the salt marsh halophyte Spartina anglica (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 215 (1999), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; porewater ; salt marshes ; silicon ; Spartina ; tissue concentrations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of silicon concentrations of various halophytes from salt marshes in the S.W. Netherlands shows that the silicon concentration of Spartina anglica (Gramineae) is relatively high. To study the influence of dissolved Si concentrations on growth and plant tissue concentrations of S. anglica, silicic acid was introduced into the sediment of natural patches of this halophyte occurring on a tidal flat. This resulted in a strong increase in dissolved silicon levels in the sediment porewater. In addition, S. anglica was cultured in the laboratory on nutrient solution enriched with dissolved silicon. Neither in the field nor in the laboratory experiment did the increased silicon levels have effects on shoot growth or led to consistent increases in the silicon concentration of plant tissues. Finally, different S. anglica stands in a number of salt marshes around the Oosterschelde basin were examined on sediment porewater silicon concentrations and silicon plant tissue concentrations. Sediment porewater silicon levels ranged between 36 and 554 μM. The average silicon concentration of the shoots from the various populations ranged between 3.52 and 11.73 mg/g DW. Consistent with the results of the field and laboratory experiments, there was no correlation between porewater silicon concentrations and average shoot length at the different sites, nor between porewater silicon concentrations and shoot silicon levels. Apparently, vegetative growth and tissue silicon concentrations of S. anglica do not respond to concentrations of dissolved Si in the range to which the plants were exposed naturally or experimentally in the field and in the laboratory (ca. 15–550 μM). In the data set pertaining to the different S. anglica field populations, however, negative correlations were observed between the average number of leaves per shoot at the different locations and the total silicon content of the 4th and 2nd leaves and of the entire shoots. The possible mechanisms explaining differences in tissue Si concentrations are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004751902074
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  • 109
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Seed treatment with growth regulators and crop productivity. I. 2,4-D as an inducer of salinity-tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (1999)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 210 (1999), S. 209-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): 2 ; 4-D ; germination ; growth ; salinity-tolerance ; seed treatment ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments were conducted under laboratory and greenhouse conditions to study the effect of 2,4-D on rooting and salinity tolerance of wheat. Seeds of one commercial wheat (Inqalab-91) and three salt-tolerant wheat lines (WL-41, WL-359, and WL-1073 developed through wide hybridization) were included in the study. Preliminary and short-term experiments were conducted to determine the level of 2,4-D (administered through seed soaking for 24.5 h. at 25 °C in the dark) at which the maximum number of roots emerged. Under hydroponic conditions, 2,4-D treatment of seeds caused an increase of 60 to 100% in the number of primary roots. The maximum increase in the number of roots was observed in one of the salt tolerant wheat lines (WL-41). The roots appeared in bunches but showed stunted growth at higher levels of 2,4-D. Dry matter accumulation decreased markedly; the effect was more pronounced in Inqalab-91 which is less tolerant to stress than other wheat lines. In all wheat types, allocation of dry matter to roots relative to shoot increased due to 2,4-D treatment. In soil, seeds treated with different levels of 2,4-D showed a germination delay of 1–3 days. Although the number of primary roots increased, 2,4-D treatment caused a decrease in total dry matter accumulation by plants grown for 40 days. In another experiment, conducted under greenhouse conditions, seed germination and growth of seedlings was significantly retarded in saline compared to that in non-saline (normal) soil. Initially, the pace of germination of treated seeds as well as seedling growth was slower in both soils, but after six weeks, the leaf area of seedlings raised from treated seeds was greater than those raised from untreated seeds. Towards maturity, plants arising from treated seeds developed wider and longer flag leaves leading to enhanced yield. Root biomass decreased in saline soil as compared to normal soil. However, 2,4-D treatment caused a substantial increase in root biomass in saline soil and the roots were harder in texture in wheats other than Inqalab-91. Seed treatment with 2,4-D led to a significant improvement in the number of productive tillers, yield of straw and grain, and grain protein content of all wheats grown in saline soil. Plants grown in normal soil did not show any marked effect of seed treatment on grain yield and other agronomic parameters. The four wheats showed substantial differences for different parameters but the salt tolerant wheat lines performed better compared to the commercial variety Inqalab-91.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004627017883
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  • 110
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sediment Toxicity Bioassays for Assessment of Contaminated Sites in the Nervion River (Northern Spain). 2. Tubifex tubifex Reproduction Sediment Bioassay (1999)
    Springer
    Ecotoxicology 8 (1999), S. 111-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3017
    Schlagwort(e): Tubifex tubifex ; sediment bioassay ; hormesis ; growth ; reproduction ; egestion rates
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Toxicity assessment based on sediment chronic bioassays with the aquatic worm Tubifex tubifex was performed at ten contaminated sites in the industrial area of Bilbao (Northern Spain). One control and three reference sites were also included. Tubifex bioassay measures both survival and reproduction impairment. These endpoints have been contrasted and discussed in relation to somatic growth and both individual and total biomass of cocoons. Survival was only affected at one site which was heavily contaminated by organic compounds, mainly PAHs. A group of four severely ecotoxic sediments was characterised by a drastic reduction in number and size of cocoons, and adult somatic growth. In other group of sediments, some significant increases were found for these variables. It is suggested that these increases represent an effect of hormesis. An index of reproductive effort was used to integrate the relationship between somatic growth and reproduction. Values of reproductive effort at the test sediments were lower than those at the control sediment, suggesting a conservative strategy of oligochaete worms which consisted in an investment into somatic line (growth) at the expenses of offspring. Rates of food consumption which were estimated from egestion rates, were low at the contaminated sites. This fact could be related to the low production levels found at these sites and may reflect avoidance feeding behaviour of the oligochaete worms within the sediments. At some reference sites, high production could have resulted from high nutritional quality of sediments, or to an hormetic effect due to low concentration of some chemicals. Results are discussed in relation to toxicity data from sediment three-brood bioassay with Daphnia magna Straus performed separately on the same sediments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008966702822
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  • 111
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and Survival of Fingerlings of Silver Catfish Exposed to Different Photoperiods (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 201-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): fingerlings ; growth ; light regimes ; photoperiod ; silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen) ; survival
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009299830102
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  • 112
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary Results on Rearing of Sparus Aurata × Pagrus Pagrus Hybrids. Performance Comparison With the Parental Species (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 295-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) ; growth ; hybridization ; red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) ; survival
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Hybridization between gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, and red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, was undertaken and viable hybrids were produced by an artificial hormonal-induced cross. The hybrids, from the cross of female red porgy and male gilthead sea bream (Pp × Sa), survived through the yolk-sac larval stage. The hybrids produced from the cross of female gilthead sea bream and male red porgy (Sa × Pp) presented higher mortality in the larval stage (98.4%) compared to gilthead sea bream (80.0%) and red porgy (92.5%). Afterwards, the Sa × Pp hybrid was compared to the offspring of its parental species under the same rearing conditions (tanks of 500 l capacity, natural light, ambient temperature, self-feeding with commercial feed) in a 40–week experiment. In this comparative study, the Sa × Pp hybrid had intermediate mortality rate (6%), compared to gilthead sea bream (0%) and red porgy (21%). The growth profile of this hybrid resembled the slow growing phases of its parents (red porgy in warm period and gilthead sea bream in cold period). The feed conversion ratio between fish forms was not significantly different (1.54–1.84 in the Sa × Pp hybrid, 1.53–1.56 in the maternal species and 1.33–1.40 in the paternal one). The body weight variation in the Sa × Pp hybrid was quite high (31.7–37.9%), compared to that in gilthead sea bream (19.7–24.7%) and red porgy (18.0–31.3%). With respect to body coloration, the Sa × Pp hybrid was distinguishable and classified into groups of red porgy-like (55.1%), gilthead sea bream-like (40.6%), and intermediate forms (4.3%). The preliminary results of this study proved that the produced Sa × Pp hybrid had too low a performance for aquaculture use, but the interesting consequent hereditary potential could be a useful tool in fish hybridization practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009296000457
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  • 113
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Calcium Requirement of Tiger Puffer Fed a Semi-Purified Diet (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): bone mineralization ; calcium requirement ; feed efficiency ; growth ; semi-purified diet ; tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Juvenile tiger puffer (Takifugu rubripes) were fed semi-purified diets with graded levels (0–0.40%) of calcium (Ca) supplements for 8 weeks at a temperature of 23.0–25.5 °C. At the end of the feeding experiment, average final body weight increased with increasing dietary Ca levels. A diet without Ca supplement resulted in poor average final body weight and 0.05% dietary Ca supplement could not significantly improve the growth. However, supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.40% significantly increased growth. Dietary Ca supplements of 0.10% or more also improved the feed efficiency in tiger puffer. Ca and phosphorus contents of the bone were independent of dietary Ca supplements. However, 0.40% Ca in the diet decreased the zinc and manganese contents of bone. Results indicated that supplemental Ca levels of 0.10–0.20% in a semi-purified diet were required to maintain normal growth, feed utilization and bone mineralization of tiger puffer.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009237429590
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  • 114
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Gonad Maturation, Size and Age at First Maturity, Fecundity and Growth of Nile Tilapia (1999)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 7 (1999), S. 319-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): body composition ; dietary protein ; fecundity ; gonad maturation ; growth ; Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Six-week-old Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry with an average weight (SD) of 0.51(0.2) g were reared for 140 days on five formulated, isocaloric diets of different protein levels (25, 30, 40 and 45% by dry weight). Fish fed diets of higher protein levels (40 and 45%) showed better growth and feed conversion ratio than those on lower protein levels. Fast-growing fish matured earlier. Maturation rate was affected by the dietary protein levels. Males matured earlier than females: the first mature males were recorded when they were 14 weeks old, whereas the females matured after 18 weeks. In both sexes, mean percentage of mature fish rose with increasing dietary protein level, the percentage of mature males being higher than that of the females. Similarly, the percentage of mature fish rose with the increasing age of fish, with more than 50% males and females mature at the age of 22 and 24 weeks, respectively, the exception being the 25% protein diet fed fish, where the percentage of mature fish was below 50%. In all treatments, spawning was initiated when the fish were 22 weeks old. Smallest size at spawning of males and females was 9.2 cm (13.1 g) and 8.1 cm (8.9 g), respectively, and dietary protein levels influenced the size of fish at first maturity. For both sexes, no difference was found in the gonado-somatic index (GSI) among different treatments. Fecundity increased with increasing dietary protein levels, but significant differences were found only between 40–45% and 25–35% dietary protein levels. The relative fecundity (eggs g−1 female) was higher at the lower dietary protein levels (25–35%) than at the higher dietary protein levels (40–45%). The dietary protein levels did not have any significant influence on the size and weight of mature eggs. The chemical composition of fish and mature ovaries was significantly influenced by the dietary protein level.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009276911360
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  • 115
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Among-Provenance Variability of Gas Exchange and Growth in Response to Long-Term Elevated CO2 Exposure (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 403-412 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Genetic variability ; elevated CO2 ; climate change ; pine ; conifer ; photosynthesis ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Genetic variability can have profound effects on the interpretation of results from elevated CO2 studies, and future forest management decisions. Information on which varieties are best suited to future atmospheric conditions is needed to develop future forest management practices. A large-scale screening study of the effects of elevated CO2 on 15 half-sibling sources of genetically superior ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl ex P. Laws.) is presented. These sources represent multiple elevations and latitudes throughout California. Among-provenance variability in the effects of elevated CO2 on gas exchange and growth, and their correlation with geographic origin were investigated in ponderosa pine seedlings subjected to ambient or elevated CO2 concentrations (525 μmol mol-1 CO2, and 700 μmol mol-1 CO2) for more than two years in open-top chambers. Substantial among-provenance variability in growth response to elevated CO2 was evident, with 8 sources demonstrating no significant growth response to elevated CO2 while 7 sources responded positively. For all sources, elevated CO2 increased photosynthesis (ranging from 19% increase at 525 μmol mol-1 CO2 to 49% increase at 700 μmol mol-1 CO2). A modest correlation existed between geographic origin and above ground growth response to elevated CO2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005203024884
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  • 116
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and Biomass Partitioning of 6-Year-Old Spruces under Alkaline Dust Impact (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 114 (1999), S. 13-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): biomass ; cement dust ; growth ; partitioning ; spruces
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Two-year-old seedlings of Picea abies L., P. glauca L. and P. mariana L. were planted in a sample plot subjected to high concentrations of cement dust and in an unpolluted (control) area in 1990. In 1994, the six-year-old trees were dug up in the pre-bud-break period for morphological assessment. Comparison of biomass formation and the lengths of different organs of the trees showed that alkalization of the growth substrate (pH 8.1) and the high level of dust pollution load (600–2400 g m-2yr-1) are serious factors inhibiting height growth by 61%, the length of shoots and needles by 75 and 28%, respectively, and the dry weights of roots by 88%, stems by 90%, shoots by 91% and needles by 55%. The ratio of roots to shoots dry weights increased in all species of spruces under stress. P. mariana was the most sensitive to dust pollution impact and alkalization of the environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005048921852
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  • 117
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Forest Health in North America: Some perspectives on Actual and Potential Roles of Climate and Air Pollution (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 151-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): air quality ; Physiology ; growth ; biotic and abiotic interactions
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The perceived health of forest ecosystems over large temporal and spatial scales can be strongly influenced by the frames of reference chosen to evaluate both forest condition and the functional integrity of sustaining forest processes. North American forests are diverse in range, species composition, past disturbance history, and current management practices. Therefore the implications of changes in environmental stress from atmospheric pollution and/or global climate change on health of these forests will vary widely across the landscape. Forest health surveys that focus on the average forest condition may do a credible job of representing the near-term trends in economic value while failing to detect fundamental changes in the processes by which these values are sustained over the longer term. Indications of increased levels of environmental stress on forest growth and nutrient cycles are currently apparent in several forest types in North America. Measurements of forest ecophysiological responses to air pollutants in integrated case studies with four forest types (southern pine, western pine, high elevation red spruce, and northeastern hardwoods) indicate that ambient levels of ozone and/or acidic deposition can alter basic processes of water, carbon, and nutrient allocation by forest trees. These changes then provide a mechanistic basis for pollutant stress to enhance a wider range of natural stresses that also affect and are affected by these resources. Future climatic changes may ameliorate (+ CO2) or axacerbate (+ temperature, + UV-B) these effects. Current projections of forest responses to global climate change do not consider important physiological changes induced by air pollutants that may amplify climatic stresses. These include reduced rooting mass, depth, and function, increased respiration, and reduced water use efficiency. Monitoring and understanding the relative roles of natural and anthropogenic stress in influencing future forest health will require programs that are structured to evaluate responses at appropriate frequencies across gradients in both forest resources and the stresses that influence them. Such programs must also be accompanied by supplemental process -oriented and pattern -oriented investigations that more thoroughly test cause and effect relationships among stresses and responses of both forests and the biogeochemical cycles that sustain them.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005215112743
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  • 118
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Reduced Mobility of Triple Nodes and Lines on Grain Growth in Two and Three Dimensions (1999)
    Springer
    Interface science 7 (1999), S. 285-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Schlagwort(e): computer simulation ; growth ; energy dissipation ; grain boundaries ; triple nodes (Interfaces) ; triple line (Interfaces)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Vertex dynamics models in two and three dimensions are applied to study grain growth including a limited mobility of triple points (two dimensions) and triple lines (three dimensions). A recent experiment on a triple node is used to validate the proposed model. The reduced triple node/line mobility in the case of a polycrystalline sample is shown to influence both, the grain growth kinetics and the grain size distribution function.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008773411083
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  • 119
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Spectral Reflectance, Growth and Chlorophyll Relationships for Rice Crop in a Semi-Arid Region of India (1999)
    Springer
    Water resources management 13 (1999), S. 73-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1650
    Schlagwort(e): chlorophyll ; growth ; rice crop ; spectral reflectance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
    Notizen: Abstract Relations among spectral reflectance, chlorophyll ‘a’, and growth of rice plants grown on irrigated light textured soil in a semi arid region are presented here. There was a linear relation between spectral reflectance and rice plant height (r = 0.97), for band 1 (0.45–0.52 μm) reflectance values. On the other hand, in bands 2 (0.52–0.60 μm) and 3 (0.63–0.69 μm), reflectance values decreased until 70 days after planting (DAP) and then increased during the reproductive phase of the crop. The near infrared band 4 (0.76–0.90 μm) showed a maximum reflectance at 59 DAP (panicle initiation stage) and a decline in reflectance thereafter through maturity. The peak value of IR/R ratio was 16.39 at 62 DAP during the early reproductive phase; thereafter, it declines gradually with the maturity of the crop. Chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration was high during early growth (vegetative and early reproductive stages) and decreased during the flowering and maturity stages. The rice plant canopy show a high chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration at 64 and 59 DAP for sites A and B, respectively. Chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration is higher in site A plant canopies than it is in site B during the entire crop cycle. A good inverse correlation (r = 0.91) has been found between chlorophyll ‘a’ and band 1, while the IR/R ratio and the normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed a relationship (r = 0.78) with the chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration during the crop cycle. Band 2, 3 and 4 radiance values show a biphasic linear relationship with chlorophyll ‘a’ concentrations, negative for early growth and positive for flowering and maturity stages. Results indicate that the period between 66 to 70 DAP is most suitable for the assessment of rice crop yield, based on chlorophyll ‘a’ concentration.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008056400348
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  • 120
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and Characterization of a Polycrystalline Ionic Thin Film by Large-Scale Molecular-Dynamics Simulation (1999)
    Springer
    Interface science 7 (1999), S. 15-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Schlagwort(e): polycrystal ; ionic ; oxide ; molecular-dynamics ; simulation ; growth ; thin film ; structure ; characterization ; grain boundary
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A simulation methodology for the synthesis of polycrystalline, ionic thin films is developed. The method involves the preparation of a polycrystalline substrate onto which a thin film is subsequently grown by crystallization from the melt. A detailed structural analysis of a textured sixteen-grain FeO film, with a grain size of approximately 4.7 nm, shows that the interiors of the grains are almost perfect single crystals with only a very few vacancies and no interstitials. The grains are delineated by 〈001〉 tilt grain boundaries; as expected, the low-angle grain boundaries in the film consist of arrays of dislocations, while the high-angle grain boundaries are relatively narrow and well ordered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008782230777
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  • 121
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nitrogen and Its Effect on Growth, Nutrient Status and Parasite Attacks in Beech and Norway Spruce (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 99-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Nitrogen ; Fagus sylvatica ; Picea abies ; nutrition ; growth ; parasite attack
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract In permanent observation plots across Switzerland, nitrogen (N) concentration in the foliage of mature beech has increased by 15% and phosphorus (P) concentrations in beech and mature Norway spruce decreased by 12 and 13% respectively between 1984 and 1995, leading to increased N:P ratios. Modelled N deposition was correlated with stem increment in both beech and spruce, with indications of P limitation in some beech plots. Experimental application of 0-160 kg N ha-1〉 yr-1〉 over four to five years caused nutrient imbalances in various afforestation plots comparable to those observed in the permanent observation plots. The changes in the trees caused by N treatment led to increased attacks by parasites such as Apiognomonia errabunda, Phomopsis sp., Phyllaphis fagi in beech and Botrytis cinerea, Sacchiphantes abietis and Cinara pilicornis in Norway spruce. The results suggest current N deposition in Switzerland induces significant changes in the forest ecosystem.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005298609109
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  • 122
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical Responses and Altered Genetic Expression Patterns in Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa Doug ex P. Laws) Grown Under Elevated CO2 (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 116 (1999), S. 413-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Ponderosa pine ; elevated CO2 ; growth ; gene expression
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Biochemical and gene expression changes in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 were investigated in five maternal half-sibling breeding families of Ponderosa pine. Seedlings were grown in a common garden located at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, in open-topped chambers (OTC) for two years. Chamber atmospheres were maintained at ambient, ambient + 175 μL L-1, CO2, or ambient + 350 μL L-1CO2. Growth measurements showed significant increases in stem volumes and volume enhancement ratios in three of the five families studied when grown under elevated CO2. Biochemical and gene expression studies were undertaken to gain a mechanistic understanding of these phenotypic responses. Biochemical studies focused on sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) specific activities at increase CO2 levels. Kinetic evaluations of SPS showed an increase in VMax. Specific SPS probes revealed increases in the transcriptional levels of one SPS gene with exposure to increasing CO2. RT-PCR differential gene displays showed that overall only a small fraction of visualized gene transcripts responded to elevated CO2 (8-10%). There were also significant differences between the gene expression patterns of the different families, some of which correlated with alterations in growth at elevated CO2 levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005207112589
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  • 123
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hybridoma growth and productivity: effects of conditioned medium and of inoculum size (1999)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 29 (1999), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Schlagwort(e): batch culture ; conditioned medium ; growth ; hybridoma ; inoculum ; protein productivity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Abstract Apart from gas concentrations, temperature, and pH, generally only the initial conditions can be manipulated in batch culture. Inoculum size and initial conditioned medium concentration represent two important considerations for optimal batch production. Two hybridoma cell lines were used to assess the impact of these initial conditions on population growth and monoclonal antibody productivity in suspension batch culture. Varying initial cell concentration over the range of 1.0 × 105 cells mL-1 to 3.0 × 105 cells mL-1 did not affect maximum product titre or maximum volumetric cell-hours attained. Initial percent of conditioned medium up to 40 percent strongly impacted on population growth and productivity, with initial levels of 30 to 40% conditioned medium reducing or eliminating lag phase and increasing average viable cell density. However, specific productivity and product titre declined with increasing initial percent conditioned medium, even on a per volume of fresh medium basis. Glutamine and glucose depletion or ammonia toxicity could cause depressed product titres when conditioned medium is used. Glutamine and glucose levels can easily be replenished in conditioned medium at minimal cost, and ammonia can be removed. Specific productivity was higher during cyclic batch operating mode than during batch operating mode. This may be because cyclic batch operating mode results in an incidental volume of conditioned medium at the beginning of each cycle. A two stage, cyclic-batch/batch operating mode can be employed to fully utilize medium and maximize product titre.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008060802286
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  • 124
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The ecophysiological response of mussels (Mytilus edulis) in mesocosms to a range of inorganic nutrient loads: simulations with the model EMMY (1999)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 33 (1999), S. 83-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): eutrophication ; feeding ; growth ; Mytilus edulis ; validation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract EMMY is an ecophysiological model of the growth and reproduction of a single mussel (Mytilus edulis L.). It contains feedback loops in the uptake and metabolism of food and in the partitioning of carbon and nitrogen to the internal state variables somatic tissue, storage, organic shell matrix and gametes. In this paper EMMY is used to simulate individual mussel growth in a series of mesocosm experiments with different inorganic nutrient loads (N and P). The experiments explore the impact of eutrophication reduction scenarios on mussel growth under defined and controlled conditions. In earlier studies EMMY was calibrated using expert knowledge on growth and reproduction during a period of 5 years. The resulting calibrated model was validated for system inputs and observations of three ecosystems with significantly different food and silt concentrations. EMMY reproduced the mussel growth sufficiently accurate in ecosystems with moderate or high food concentrations. In this study EMMY was adapted in order to cope with low food concentrations, then recalibrated (using the original calibration data and procedure) and applied without further calibration to 3 replicated mesocosm experiments. The EMMY simulations in this study show the ecophysiological response of mussels to different food (phytoplankton and detritus) concentrations. It is concluded that the mussels can adapt to significantly reduced food concentrations, due to inorganic nutrient load reduction, and still maintain growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009995823741
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  • 125
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Organismic determinants and their effect on growth and regeneration in Gracilaria gracilis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): organismic determinants ; Gracilaria gracilis ; Rhodophyta ; regeneration ; growth ; mariculture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The growth of Gracilaria gracilis (Stackhouse) Steentoft, Irvine et Farnham was examined by studying the effect of organismic determinants such as thallus length, position along the thallus and branching. Knowledge of these factors is essential in order to increase production from suspended seaweed rafts seeded with vegetative G. gracilis fragments. Seeding netlons with seaweed material freshly collected from subtidal populations provided up to 30% higher relative growth rates than seaweed maintained on the netlons for successive months. Initial seedstock length greatly affected growth rates and yields such that 30-cm thalli fragments resulted in growth rates 14% higher than for 10-cm fragments. This difference is suggested to be due to the higher contribution to overall biomass by growth of lateral branches. Comparisons of the growth of apical and basal fragments suggest that growth takes place over the entire length of the thallus, but that the apex contributes more to overall elongation than does the proximal part. The removal of apical meristems resulted in an enhanced branching frequency with production of four times as many branches as intact fragments. Evidence is also provided for extensive morphological differentiation following long periods of rapid growth. These thalli have very high frequency of branching, are hollow due to the disintegration of medullary cells and are considered to be completely senescent. These factors have implications for the successful cultivation of G. gracilis on commercial mariculture systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008102409472
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  • 126
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of total dissolved solids and irradiance on growth and toxin production by Nodularia spumigena (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 551-558 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Nodularia ; growth ; hepatotoxin production ; nodularin ; salinity ; irradiance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the influence of total dissolved solids/salinity (TDS mgL-1) on growth and biomass specific rates of nodularin (hepatotoxin) production by Nodularia spumigena 001E isolated from Lake Alexandrina, South Australia. Maximum biomass yield (dry matter, chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon/POC) at 80 μmol photon m-2 s-1 was recorded at 3300 mg TDS L-1 and decreased at salinities above or below this value (p 〈 0.05). The maximum biomass yield (dry matter and chlorophyll a) at 30 μmol m-2 s-1 occurred at a higher salinity of 9900 mg TDS L-1. Cultures grown at 80 μmol m-2 s-1, at a TDS〉 6600 mg L-1, had significantly (p 〈 0.05) lower nodularin content (ml-1 medium) than cultures grown at the same salinities at 30 μmolm-2 s-1. The maximum total toxin concentration (mL-1 medium) occurred at 9900 and 3300 mg TDS L-1 at 30 μmol m-2 s-1and 80 μmol m-2 s-1 respectively. Toxin per unit biomass, expressed as dry matter, chlorophyll a and POC was similar for cultures grown at 30 μmol m-2 s-1 or 80 μmol m-2s-1 at salinities 〈 6600 mg TDS L-1. At salinities 〉 9900 mg TDS L-1 the toxin content per unit biomass decreased at both irradiances, however, cultures grown at 30 μmol m-2s-1 had a higher toxin content than those grown at 80 μmol m-2 s-1. The results indicate that not only do changes in irradiance and salinity directly influence growth and toxin production but that changes in irradiance affected the influence of salinity.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008193918189
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  • 127
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of salinity and pH on growth and agar yield of Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui in laboratory and outdoor cultivation (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 11 (1999), S. 543-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): agar ; Gracilaria tenuistipitata ; growth ; salinity ; seawater pH
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Acclimation responses of the red alga Gracilaria tenuistipitata var. liui collected on the northwest coast of Philippines were determined in laboratory setups and outdoor cultivation tanks in Haifa, Israel. Growth under laboratory conditions was influenced by all three variables studied, namely, temperature (20 or 30 °C), salinity (20, 30 or39‰) and seawater pH (6.5, 7.0, 8.0 or ≥ 9.0). In 250 mL flasks lacking pH control growth was influenced by temperature only at 20 ‰, whereas at 39 ‰, growth rates were similar at 20 or 30 °C. In 500 mL cylinders in which pH was controlled, growth rates were significantly different at a pH of 6.5 and 7.0 for all salinities, with maximal rates occurring in 39 ‰. At pH 8.0, and above, growth rates between salinities were similar and reduced to approximately 50% at a pH of 9.0 compared to rates at a pH of 6.5. Photosynthesis responses generally resembled growth responses both, in 250 mL and 500 mL cultures. In 40-L outdoor tanks, weekly growth and agar yields were apparently enhanced by increasing light intensities (up to full sunlight) and nutrient concentrations (up to 0.2 mM PO3 2- and 2.0 mM NH4 +), and rates averaged four times higher than rates determined in the smaller flask cultures. This study shows broad salinity tolerance of G. tenuistipitata var. liui and its ability to sustain growth rates that are among the highest measured for Gracilaria spp. in outdoor cultures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008141906299
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  • 128
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and Characterization of TlBaCaCuO Thin Films (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of superconductivity 11 (1998), S. 135-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9605
    Schlagwort(e): Superconductor ; thallium ; Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O ; film ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract We discuss two methods tor the ex-situ furnace growth of pure TIBaCaCuO superconducting thin films on LaAlO3(100) substrates. The traditional approach of “crucible processing” is used to grow high-quality films of several of the TIBaCaCuO phases. “Two-zone processing” promises greater thermodynamic control, yet film properties from optimized films are not as good as those grown from crucibles. The transport kinetics of Tl-oxide vapor from a source to the film surface appears to be a dominant factor. The best results are from single-phase Tl-1212 and Tl-2212 thin films. Tc's are high and sharp, Jc's 〉 1 × 107 A/cm2 at 5 K, and surface morphologies are relatively smooth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022687408646
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  • 129
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immigration, assimilation and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 273-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Schlagwort(e): JEL classification: F22 ; O3 ; J61 ; Key words: Immigration ; assimilation ; growth ; diversity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. This paper analyzes the welfare effects of immigration and its subsequent effect on ethnic diversity in a model featuring human capital spillovers which depend on the degree of ethnic heterogeneity, variation rates of time preference across individuals and endogenous levels of immigration and assimilation. In the model, an increase in ethnic diversity reduces the spillovers effect for the majority. Nonetheless, immigration can be welfare improving for the majority ethnic group even if it increases the degree of diversity as long as it raises the average human capital level and/or growth rate by increasing the proportion of people with low rates of time preference. However, if an economy is too homogenous, it will not be able to attract immigrants. Finally, if the level of immigration is not too high, then immigration also raises the net benefits to assimilation which leads to a more homogenous economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050069
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  • 130
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Endogenous fertility, mortality and growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 517-534 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Schlagwort(e): Key words: Fertility ; mortality ; growth ; JEL classification: J13 ; O41
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Sociologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract. Economic and demographic outcomes are determined jointly in a choice-theoretic model of fertility, mortality and capital accumulation. There is an endogenous population of reproductive agents who belong to dynastic families of overlapping generations connected through altruism. In addition to choosing savings and births, parents may reduce (infant) deaths by incurring expenditures on health-care which is also provided by the government. A generalised production technology accounts for long-run endogenous growth with short-run transitional dynamics. The analysis yields testable time series and cross-section implications which accord with the empirical evidence on the relationship between demography and development.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050082
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  • 131
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photosynthetic and Transpiration Rates of Soybean as Affected by Different Irradiances During Growth (1998)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 35 (1998), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): Glycine max ; growth ; leaf nitrogen content ; mesophyll conductance ; specific leaf area ; stomatal conductance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic (PN) and transpiration (E) rates in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Fukuyutaka] plants grown under 100, 50, or 25 % of full sun irradiance (I100, I50, I25 plants) were compared. In the morning, activities of the plants were measured at irradiances under which they grew. However, during the afternoon, all the plants were tested under full irradiance. The lower the growth irradiance, the lower PN, E, and mesophyll conductance values were found. Stomatal conductance was considerably lower in I25 plants only. Both the increase in specific leaf area (SLA) and the decrease in nitrogen content per leaf area unit contributed to the PN reduction of soybean plants grown under low irradiances. Though E of the plants grown under different irradiances differed less markedly than PN, the water use efficiency declined from I100 to I25.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006935125111
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  • 132
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amelioration of NaCl Stress by Triadimefon in Soybean Seedlings (1998)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 41 (1998), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): amino acids ; Glycine max ; growth ; nucleic acids ; proline ; proteins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract NaCl stress decreased root growth, shoot length and dry matter production of Glycine max seedlings. It has also caused accumulation of proline and amino acids and decreased protein and nucleic acid contents of the seedlings. Addition of triadimefon to NaCl stressed seedlings partially restored the growth and increased the protein, amino acid, proline and nucleic acid contents of the seedlings. The root biomass production under combination of triadimefon and NaCl was even larger than control. Thus triadimefon can ameliorate the effect of NaCl stress in soybean.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001737221832
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  • 133
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of local source-sink manipulations on fruits and leaves of young pear trees (1998)
    Springer
    Biologia plantarum 41 (1998), S. 623-627 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8264
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; leaf area removal ; fruiting spur ; Pyrus communis ; ringing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of modifying local source-sink relations on fruit and leaf characteristics of young pear trees were evaluated during the 1997 - 1998 growing season. The following treatments were applied: early spur ringing (ESR) from 27 days after full bloom (DAFB), late spur ringing (LSR) from 97 DAFB, early 15 % spur leaf area removal (ELAR) and late 15 % spur leaf area removal (LLAR). ESR and LSR significantly inhibited fruit growth, suggesting that the fruiting spurs were not fully autonomous in their carbon economy. ELAR and LLAR had little effect on fruit size; sink strength was demonstrated here, since the presence of the fruit caused an efficient transfer of photoassimilates. ESR treatment decreased specific leaf mass (SLM) by 23.84 % when measured 94 DAFB. ELAR did not significantly influence SLM. Treatments had no marked influence on fruit quality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001865021614
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  • 134
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Allozyme heterozygosity and development in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): Salmo salar ; protein-coding loci ; heterozygosity ; growth ; sexual maturation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The development of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr was monitored during the first year in a fresh-water hatchery environment to test whether multilocus heterozygosity (computed for six allozyme loci: s AAT-4*, IDDH-1*, IDDH-2*, IDPH-3*, s MDH-3,4* andm MEP-2*) is associated with growth (body mass, fork length) and maturity status (mature male parr). The length frequency distribution of population was unimodal in September, but was clearly bimodal by December. UMG fish tended to be more heterozygous and had higher growth rates than LMG fish. The heterozygosity of UMG fish and mature male parr (MMP) did not differ significantly but MMP showed lower growth rates than UMG. There were positive correlations between the number of heterozygotic loci and the fork length, weight or growth rates of individuals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007771417270
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  • 135
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of elevated winter temperature and sub-lethal pollutants (low pH, elevated ammonia) on protein turnover in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 377-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; growth ; protein synthesis ; protein degradation ; RNA ; temperature ; pH ; ammonia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Appetite, growth, and protein turnover (synthesis, growth and degradation) of liver and gills were measured in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed to satiation, and exposed for 90 days to elevated winter temperatures (+2 °C above ambient) and either low pH (5.2) in softwater or 70 μM total ammonia (TAmm) in hardwater. All fish increased in weight during the experiments, but those exposed to +2°C grew significantly more than those at ambient temperature due to a stimulation of appetite. During the relatively constant temperature of the first 75 days, +2 °C caused a significant increase in the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in the liver of hardwater-acclimated fish, as a result of an increase in RNA translational efficiency (KRNA). The elevated temperature also induced an increase in gill protein synthesis in softwater-acclimated fish but in this case the underlying mechanism was an increase in Cs, the capacity for protein synthesis (RNA:protein) rather than in KRNA. The addition of 70 μM TAmm had no effect on protein turnover in either liver or gills of hardwater-acclimated fish. Low pH inhibited protein growth in the liver of softwater-acclimated fish at day 90 under both temperature regimes. This inhibition was effected via a decrease in protein synthesis at control temperature but via an increase in protein degradation when the fish were exposed to both low pH and +2 °C. From these results we conclude that a simulated global warming scenario has potentially beneficial rather than detrimental effects on protein turnover and growth of freshwater fish during winter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007748213387
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  • 136
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of varying rearing temperatures on expression of different trypsin isozymes, feed conversion efficiency and growth in Atlantic salmon (shape Salmo salar L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 247-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantic salmon ; trypsin isozymes ; isozyme expression ; rearing temperatures ; feed conversion efficiency ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Hatching and start-feeding temperatures affected the expression of different trypsin isozymes in the pyloric caeca of Atlantic salmon. Hatching temperature of 10 °C induced the expression of the common isozyme TRP-2*100, and of 6 °C induced the variant TRP-2*92 (p$〈$0.01). In contrast, start-feeding temperature of 12 °C significantly (p$〈$0.0001) influenced the expression of the variant TRP-2*92, compared to 6 °C. The frequencies between different trypsin isozyme patterns were not changed at later stages under varied rearing temperatures. The frequency distribution between Atlantic salmon without and with trypsin variants was about 0.4:0.6. The trypsin isozyme TRP-2*92 was the major variant in Norwegian salmon, while the trypsin variant TRP-1*91 was dominant in Scottish salmon, at frequencies of 0.47 and 0.42, respectively. The presence of both the common and either variant trypsin isozymes were important for feed utilization and growth at varying rearing temperatures. Trypsin isozymes are functionally sensitive to different temperatures. The expression of the common trypsin isozyme TRP-2*100 is important when the water temperature is $〉$ 8 °C, while it is important for the expression of the variant TRP-2*92 when the water temperature is $\leq$ 8 °C, especially below 6 °C. The variant TRP-1*91 was observed to perform effectively at a wider temperature range than the variant TRP-2*92, but not at temperature $\leq$ 6 °C. Genetic variation in trypsin isozyme pattern is a primary factor affecting food conversion efficiency and growth under different rearing temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007731717021
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  • 137
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Influence of dietary blends of menhaden oil and canola oil on growth, muscle lipid composition, and thyroidal status of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in sea water (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 123-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantic salmon ; canola oil ; growth ; lipid composition ; thyroidal status
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of various dietary blends of menhaden oil (MO) with canola oil (CO) on the growth performance, whole body proximate composition, flesh quality (muscle proximate and lipid composition) and thyroidal status of immature Atlantic salmon in sea water were studied. Atlantic salmon (initial weight, 145.2–181.3 g), held on a natural photoperiod and in 1100 L fibreglass tanks that were supplied with running, aerated (D.O., 9–10.5 p.p.m.), ambient temperature (8–10.5 °C) sea water (salinity, 28–30‰), were fed twice daily to satiation one of four isonitrogenous (∼36% digestible protein) and isoenergetic (∼18.8 MJ of digestible energy kg-1) extruded high-energy diets for 112 days. All diets contained omega –3 (n-3) fatty acids in excess of requirements and differed only with respect to the source of the supplemental lipid which was either, 25% MO; 20.75% MO and 4.25% CO; 16.5% MO and 8.5% CO; or 12.25% MO and 12.75% CO. Thus, CO comprised, respectively, 0, 15.5, 31.2, or 47.0% of the total dietary lipid content (∼28% on an air-dry basis). Dissimilar percentages of saturated fatty acids in the dietary lipids were not found to be consistently related to the apparent gross energy digestibility coefficients of the diets. Atlantic salmon growth, dry feed intake, feed and protein utilization, percent survival, thyroidal status, and whole body and muscle proximate compositions were generally not influenced by the different sources of supplemental lipid. Therefore, our results suggest that canola oil may comprise as much as 47% of the lipid in high-energy grower diets for Atlantic salmon without compromising performance. The muscle lipid compositions generally mirrored those of the dietary lipids which, in turn, were influenced strongly by the concentrations and compositions of the CO and MO in the diet. Hence, as the dietary CO level was increased there were attendant increases in percentages of oleic acid (18:1(n-9)), linoleic acid (18:2(n-6)), total omega-6 (n-6) fatty acid content, and ratios of (n-6) to (n-3) and decreases of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5(n-3)), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6(n-3)) and n-3 HUFAs (EPA & DHA) in the flesh lipids. The ranges for percentages of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in the flesh lipids were, however, much less than those noted respectively in the dietary lipids probably because of selective metabolism of many of the former acids and some of the 18 carbon unsaturates for energy purposes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007727618179
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  • 138
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Differential expression and localization of annexin V in cardiac myocytes during growth and hypertrophy (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 178 (1998), S. 229-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): annexin V ; cardiac myocyte ; growth ; hypertrophy ; heart
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Recently it was shown that annexin V is the most prominent member of the annexin family in the adult heart [1]. Amongst others, annexin V has been suggested to play a role in developmental processes. The aim of the present study was to explore whether in the heart annexin V content and localization change during maturational and hypertrophic growth, in order to obtain indications that annexin V is involved in cardiac growth processes. First, in the intact rat heart annexin V content and localization were studied during perinatal development. It was clearly demonstrated that annexin V content in total heart transiently increased in the first week after birth, from 0.79 ± 0.06 µg/mg protein at l day before birth to a peak value of 1.24 ± 0.08 µg/mg protein 6 days after birth, whereafter annexin V protein levels declined to a value of 0.70 ± 0.06 µg/mg protein at 84 days after birth (p 〈 0.05). Differences in annexin V content were also observed between myocytes isolated from neonatal and adult hearts [0.81 ± 0.09 and 0.17 ± 0.08 µg/mg protein, respectively (p 〈 0.05)]. Moreover, during cardiac maturational growth the subcellular localization of annexin V might change from a cytoplasmic to a more prominent sarcolemmal localization. Second, in vivo hypertrophy induced by aortic coarctation resulted in a marked degree of hypertrophy (22% increase in ventricular weight), but was not associated with a change in annexin V localization or content. The quantitative results obtained with intact hypertrophic rat hearts are supported by findings in neonatal ventricular myocytes, in which hypertrophy was induced by phenylephrine (10-5 M). In the latter model no changes in annexin V content could be observed either. In conclusion, the marked alterations in annexin V content during the maturational growth in the heart suggest a possible involvement of this protein in this process. In contrast, the absence of changes in annexin V content and localization in hypertrophied hearts compared to age matched control hearts suggests that annexin V does not play a crucial role in the maintenance of the hypertrophic phenotype of the cardiac muscle cell. This notion is supported by observations in phenylephrine-induced hypertrophied neonatal cardiomyocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006803900554
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  • 139
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Free Trade, Growth, and Convergence (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 3 (1998), S. 143-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; convergence ; trade ; liberalization ; knowledge diffusion
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Can trade liberalization have a permanent affect on output levels, and more important, does it have an impact on steady-state growth rates? The model emphasizes the role that knowledge spillovers emanating from heightened trade can have on income convergence and growth rates during transition and over the long run. Among the results of the model, unilateral liberalization by one country reduces the income gap between the liberalizing country and other, wealthier countries. From the long-run growth perspective, unilateral (and multilateral) liberalization generates a positive impact on the steady-state growth of all the trading countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009705702579
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  • 140
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Income Distribution, Redistributive Politics, and Economic Growth (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 3 (1998), S. 217-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; inequality ; political economy ; income distribution ; political effect ; threshold effect
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article studies the political economy of inequality and growth by combining the political economy approach with an imperfect capital market assumption. In the present model, there emerges a class of individuals whose members do not invest privately beyond the state-financed schooling, due to their initial wealth constraint. We show that inequality affects private investment not only through the political effect, which relates inequality to private investment negatively, but also through what we call the threshold effect, which associates inequality to private investment positively. In general, private investment and inequality do not show a monotone negative relationship.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009762720862
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  • 141
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Democracy and Growth: Alternative Approaches (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 3 (1998), S. 241-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): democracy ; growth ; regime change ; regression tree
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article focuses on two previously unexamined aspects of the relationship between economic growth and democracy. First, the growth experiences of countries that experience significant changes in democracy are examined directly. Countries that democratize are found to grow faster than a priori similar countries, while countries that become less democratic grow more slowly than comparable countries. These differences do not seem to be due to differences in education or investment levels. Second, regression tree analysis suggests that democracy, along with initial income and literacy, contributes to the identification of regimes of countries facing similar aggregate production functions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009714821770
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  • 142
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Why Isn't Convergence Instantaneous? Young Workers, Old Workers, and Gradual Adjustment (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 3 (1998), S. 5-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): convergence ; growth ; complementarity ; adjustment ; young workers ; old workers ; age
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The human capital of young and old workers are imperfect substitutes both in production and in providing on-the-job training. This helps explain why capital does not flow from rich to poor countries, causing instantaneous convergence of per capita output. If each generation chooses its human capital optimally, given that of the preceding and succeeding generations, human capital follows a unique rational-expectations path. For moderate substitutability, human capital within each sector oscillates relative to that in other sectors, but aggregate human capital converges to the steady state monotonically.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009797314078
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  • 143
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Economic Growth and Investment in Education: How Allocation Matters (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 3 (1998), S. 337-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; education ; human capital ; panel data
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article proposes an approach to answering two questions: first, does investment in education help growth; second, does the allocation of investment in education matter? I develop a model where individual ability is heterogeneous and education both trains students and reveals their suitability for further training. I use UNESCO data on educational enrollments and spending to estimate the efficiency of existing educational allocations in a panel of countries. A cross-country growth decomposition regression shows that the correlation of human capital capital accumulation and GDP growth is not significant in countries with poor allocations but is significant and positive in countries with better allocations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009763906365
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  • 144
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amino acid profiles and amino acid utilization in larval African catfish (Clarias gariepinus): effects of ontogeny and temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 43-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): African catfish ; fish larvae ; amino acid metabolism ; amino acid utilisation ; growth ; Clarias gariepinus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The present study investigated the qualitative amino acid (AA) requirements of larval African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Yolk-sac larval AA profiles were measured at different temperatures and also in animals reared at 28 °C fed Artemia nauplii or an experimental dry diet. The AA profile of C. gariepinus larvae changed during ontogeny, especially before the start of exogenous feeding. The AA profiles of the food items (yolk, Artemia and the dry diet) differed considerably from that of the larvae. No selective absorption of yolk AA was detected. Higher temperatures led to increased absorption and depletion rates of AA, and also to a higher retention efficiency of yolk nutrients. However, changes in temperature did not induce preferential absorption or depletion of individual AA, and caused only small variations in the AA profile. Depletion rates of individual AAs varied, possibly due to differences between larval and yolk AA profiles, and also to changes in the larval AA profile during ontogeny. There was little regulation of catabolism of individual AA in yolk-sac and starved larvae, and no sparing of essential AA.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007738228055
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  • 145
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biochemical growth characterization of fast and slow-growing rainbow trout strains: effect of cell proliferation and size (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 18 (1998), S. 213-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): rainbow troutK ; growth ; muscle ; nucleic acids ; RNA:DNA ; hyperplasia ; hypertrophy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Concentrations of RNA and DNA, determined in two rainbow trout strains, Cornec and Mirwart, over a period of 9 months, were used to assess and characterize growth potential. More rapid growth and higher muscle nucleic acid concentrations in the Cornac strain trout, suggest a more metabolically active strain with higher rates of protein synthesis. On the other hand, the higher concentration of muscle DNA, in the Cornec strain, suggests a smaller cell size and a larger number of cells per unit weight issue. The faster decrease of DNA concentration, with increasing body weight, in the Mirwart strain, reflected a lower percentage of hyperplasia and consequently a lower capacity for growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774929535
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  • 146
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fractal Approach in the Kinetics of Solid-Gas Decompositions (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of thermal analysis and calorimetry 52 (1998), S. 537-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8943
    Schlagwort(e): fractals ; growth ; nucleation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The author presents a model based on multi-step nucleation for the heterogeneous decompositions described by nucleation and growth phenomena, taking into account the fractal nature of the nuclei.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010115521902
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  • 147
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile tiger barb, Barbus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855) (1998)
    Springer
    Aquarium sciences and conservation 2 (1998), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): Barbus tetrazona ; nutrition ; dietary requirement-phosphorus ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of increasing dietary concentrations of phosphorus on growth, feeding efficiency and body composition were studied in the tiger barb (Barbus tetrazona) (Bleeker, 1855). Juvenile tiger barbs (initial weight 0.33 ± 0.02 g) were fed purified diets containing graded levels of KH2PO4 to provide 0.17–1.57% available dietary phosphorus for 8 weeks in freshwater glass aquaria. The weight gain, feeding efficiency and mineral composition of the whole body and bone were significantly (p〈0.05) affected by dietary phosphorus. Growth response data calculated by broken line analysis showed that the minimum dietary phosphorus level required for maximum growth was 0.52%. The carcass protein, fat and ash contents but not moisture were affected by various dietary phosphorus levels. Fish fed a low-phosphorus diet had high body crude fat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00466402
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  • 148
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and physiological responses to surgical and gastric radio transmitter implantation techniques in subyearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 371-372 (1998), S. 79-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): chinook salmon ; radio-telemetry ; surgery ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined the effects of surgical and gastric transmitter implantation techniques on the growth, general physiology and behavior of 230 subyearling chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, Walbaum) (100 mm–154 mm fork length). The transmitter weighed 1.3 g in air (0.9 g in water) and comprised, on average, 6% of the body weight of the fish (in air). Individuals were randomly assigned to an experimental group (control, surgical or gastric) and a sampling period (day 5 or day 21). Relative growth rate was expressed as% body weight gained/day. General condition was assessed by necropsy. Physiological response variables included hematocrit, leucocrit and plasma protein concentration. The mean relative growth rates of control, surgical and gastric fish were not significantly different at day 5. By day 21, the gastric group had a significantly lower relative growth rate (1.3%) as compared to the surgical group (1.8%) and the control group (1.9%) (P =0.0001). Mean hematocrit values were significantly lower in the surgical (41.8%) and gastric (42.2%) groups as compared to controls (47.3%) at day 5 (P =0.01), but all were within normal range for salmonids. No significant differences in hematocrit values were detected at day 21. Leucocrit values for all groups were ≤ 1% in 99% of the fish. Both tagged groups had significantly lower mean plasma protein levels as compared to controls at day 5 (P = 0.001) and day 21 (P = 0.0001). At day 21 the gastric group (64.4 g 100 ml-1) had significantly lower mean plasma protein levels than the surgical group (68.8 g 100 ml-1) (P = 0.0001). Necropsies showed decreasing condition of gastrically tagged fish over time, and increasing condition of surgical fish. Paired releases of surgically and gastrically implanted yearling chinook salmon in the lower Columbia River in spring, 1996 revealed few significant differences in migration behavior through two reservoirs. We conclude that gastrically implanted fish show decreased growth and condition over a 21 d period. We recommend a surgical implantation method for long-term studies of juvenile salmonids, however, gastric implantation may be suitable for short-term studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017019006039
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  • 149
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of Passive Integrated Transponder tags on survival and growth of juvenile brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and their use for studying movement in a small river (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 371-372 (1998), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): PIT tag ; survival ; growth ; movement ; browntrout ; freshwater
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract From 1993 to 1995, more than 2000 of 0 + brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) were captured in a small brook in October and released after clipping the left pelvic fin. More than 1700 of them were also tagged with a small Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tag (11 mm long) implanted in the body cavity. Tagged juveniles were recaptured in May in the brook but also one year later in the river Oir, and continuously in a trap during spring downstream migration in the river Oir. The combined marking experiment (PIT tag and fin-clipping) carried out during the two first years showed an average transponder loss rate of 3.38% after seven months for 0+ juveniles tagged in October. Pelvic fin regeneration occurred at a average low rate of 2.37± during the same period. Futhermore, PIT tag showed no significant effect on growth, survival in 0+ juveniles (55 to 127 mm fork length), tagged in October 1995 and recaptured in May 1996. PIT tagging has been used to analyse brown trout movement inside the river. Recapture rate in the brook from tagged 0+ juveniles after seven months decreased while size increased. The medium sized juveniles migrated in the main system Oir and the largest ones out of the main river. Results showed (1) PIT tagging is a reliable technique to analyse the movement and population dynamics of brown trout by taking into account the individual life history, (2) recruitment of juvenile trout in the river depends on fish size.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017022026937
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  • 150
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population dynamics of Corbicula fluminea (Bivalvia) in the Paraná River Delta (Argentina) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 380 (1998), S. 153-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Corbicula fluminea ; population dynamics ; reproduction ; molluscs ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Benthic individuals and drifting planktonic juveniles of Corbicula fluminea were sampled in the Lower Delta of the Paraná River (Argentina) at monthly intervals between October 1995 and October 1996. Densities of settled clams above 1 mm, around 300–1000 ind. m-2, varied little throughout the year. Below 1 mm benthic juveniles, on the other hand, showed a single conspicuous abundance peak in October-November (up to 1722 ind. m-2), and were practically absent during the rest of the year (overall annual mean: 1070 ± 797 ind. m-2). Drifting juveniles showed one major peak in December 1995 (160 ind. m-3), and a minor one at the end of March (24 ind. m-3). Length-frequency analyses of the monthly field data clearly indicate a highly structured population with a single well defined reproduction period centered on October–November. Population parameters derived from the seasonally oscillating version of von Bertalanffy's growth formula were as follows: maximum shell length: 32 mm (maximum observed shell length: 33 mm); growth constant: 0.65; growth seasonality (i.e., span of summer-to-winter growth-rate difference): 0.7; winter point (i.e., time of the year when growth is minimum): 0.5 (June–July); estimated size range for one year-old individuals: 15.3–22.4 mm; for two years: 23.5–27 mm, and three years: 27.5–29.3 mm. Comparison with previous data confirm the influence of water temperature on the clam's reproduction and growth and furnish additional evidence suggesting that food availability may be as important for recruitment as thermic regimes. Contrasts between traits of the population analyzed herein with those described previously from a nearby (ca. 10 km) site more influenced by industrial pollution point at the influence of water quality on Corbicula's recruitment and growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003428728693
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  • 151
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Application of a bioenergetics model for analysis of growth and food consumption of subarctic whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) in Lake Kilpisjärvi, Finnish Lapland (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 390 (1998), S. 153-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Coregonus ; bioenergetics model ; growth ; food consumption ; parasite transmission ; subarctic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A bioenergetics model was used to estimate daily food consumption and growth of benthic whitefish Coregonus lavaretus (L.) of age groups 1+ to 10+, in oligotrophic Lake Kilpisjärvi, northern Finnish Lapland. Fish and zooplankton samples and water temperature data were collected twice per month from February to December 1993. Simulation results indicated wide seasonal variations in consumption and growth rates. Growth was in general slow; especially in age-group 6 the net increase in weight was slight. The fit of the model to the weight data was good, and the model was able to follow even rapid seasonal variations in the weight. There were clear changes in the diet during the year. In March, when the food intake was reduced, copepods, mainly adult calanoids, formed the bulk of the food consumed. The most intensive consumption period lasted from June to late September. Chironomid pupae and planktonic cladocerans were the major summer food items. The largest individuals fed mainly on molluscs during summer. Zooplankton survey and consumption estimates did not show directly that the population density of copepodids and adults of Eudiaptomus graciloides were affected by whitefish predation although their population density decreased in spring. Nauplii, showing the maximum population density in April, were not consumed. The role of copepod consumption in the timing of Diphyllobothrium ditremum plerocercoid transmission to whitefish was also discussed. The increased copepod consumption rate during winter results in high energy intake but also an increased risk of food transmitted parasite infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003525008870
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  • 152
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Root distribution following spatial separation of water and nitrogen supply in furrow irrigated corn (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 199 (1998), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): corn ; growth ; nitrogen ; root ; water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Proper management of water and fertilizer placement in irrigated corn (Zea mays L.) has the potential to reduce nitrate leaching into the groundwater. Potential management practices tested in a two year field experiment included row or furrow fertilizer placement combined with every or alternate furrow irrigation. To understand how fertilizer availability to plants could be affected by these management practices, root growth and distribution in a Ulm clay loam soil were examined. Spring rains were greater than normal in both years providing adequate moisture for early root growth in both irrigated and non-irrigated furrows. As the non-irrigated furrow began to dry, root biomass increased as much as 126% compared with the irrigated furrow. The greatest increase was at lower depths, however, where moisture was still plentiful. When early season moisture was available, roots proliferated throughout the soil profile and quickly became available to take up fertilizer N in both irrigated and non-irrigated furrows. Root growth responded positively to fertilizer placement in the furrow in 1996 but not in 1995. Excessive N leaching in 1995 may have limited the response to fertilizer N.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004369227455
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  • 153
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting feeding rate, reproduction and growth of an oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus (Müller) (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 377 (1998), S. 183-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Lumbriculus ; feeding rate ; reproduction ; growth ; sediment toxicity tests
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Worm density of a deposit feeding oligochaete (Lumbriculus variegatus) did not affect egestion whereas both temperature and sediment type had a significant influence. The worms egested less actively at the lowest temperature (6 °C). The egestion rate, expressed as mg dry feces produced, was highest in the sandy sediment and lowest in the sediment derived almost exclusively from decaying plant material. The amount of dry material and the volume of wet sediment passing through the worms varied between the test sediments; the results are probably dependent on the chosen unit of measure. Reproduction was significantly decreased in sandy sediment with low organic carbon content. Reproduction was also dependent on the worm size, larger worms reproducing more frequently. Most worms lost weight during the tests, but the loss was lowest in the sediment with the highest organic carbon content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003252520704
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  • 154
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison between the life cycles of two Soleidae, the common sole, Solea solea, and the thickback sole, Microchirus variegatus, in the Bay of Biscay (France) (1998)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 53 (1998), S. 193-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): flatfish ecology ; adults ; juveniles ; larvae ; distribution ; growth ; otolith
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The life history of two Soleidae, the common sole, Solea solea, and the thickback sole, Microchirus variegatus, were compared in the Bay of Biscay in an attempt to set out factors which could explain settlement styles known to be different between juveniles of each species. Common sole juveniles had been shown to depend on coastal and estuarine nurseries, and the thickback sole to develop in open-sea nurseries, although the spawning grounds and spawning season of both species overlapped (offshore and at springtime, respectively). For this study, data on adult, juvenile and larva distributions were obtained from cruises carried out in the Bay of Biscay during the last decade. In addition, growth rate of larvae and planktonic interval duration, estimated by means of otolith increment analysis, were compared, as well as literature-derived information on behaviour of larvae. By comparing larval features, it appeared that thickback sole did not obtain the advantage of a slightly longer pelagic life span for an increased dispersal, due to an early shift to benthic behaviour. Other evidence was given by more specifically stated distributions that the further and deeper offshore spawning of M. variegatus, compared to S. solea, was a likely key-factor of the juvenile settlement process. This could explain why the thickback sole, contrary to the common sole, never reach coastal areas and thus settle offshore, in waters deeper than 30 m.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007476204955
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  • 155
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Photomorphogenetic responses to UV radiation and short-term red light in lettuce seedlings (1998)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 26 (1998), S. 73-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): greening ; growth ; hypocotyl ; leaf ; red light ; ultraviolet radiation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Effects of red light (R), far-red light (FR) and UV radiation on growth and greening of lettuce seedlings (Latuca sativa L., cv. Berlinskii) have been investigated. UV-B and UV-C inhibited hypocotyl elongation and stimulated cotyledonary growth. R in combination with UV-B and UV-C partly eliminated these effects, but FR increased those and reversed the R effect. Chlorophyll accumulation was inhibited by UV-B and UV-C. In comparison with cotyledonary growth, R strengthened the UV inhibitory effect, and FR reversed this effect of R. Thus, UV and phytochrome system modify the effects of each other on hypocotyl and leaf growth in lettuce seedlings depending on the level of active phytochrome formed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006047327094
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  • 156
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Black spruce family growth performance under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2 (1998)
    Springer
    New forests 15 (1998), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5095
    Schlagwort(e): early selection ; genotype × environment interaction ; growth ; retrospective ; seedling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Seedlings from 20 families of black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), representing a large range in field productivity, were subjected to a greenhouse retrospective test under ambient (409 ppm – year 1, 384 ppm – year 2) and high (686 ppm – year 1, 711 ppm – year 2) atmospheric CO2 environments. After one and two growth cycles, seedling height and diameter growth significantly increased under elevated CO2. At the end of the experiment, seedlings grown under high CO2 had a mean above-ground dry weight of 48.77 g as compared to 26.36 g for seedlings grown under ambient atmospheric CO2. Families were a significant source of variation for all growth parameters. Although the family × CO2 environment interaction was not a statistically significant source of variation in the analysis of variance, the correlation between greenhouse and 15-year field height growth was weaker (r = 0.29, p = 0.2177) under elevated CO2 compared to ambient CO2 (r = 0.51, p = 0.0223) following the first growth cycle. However, following the second growth cycle, greenhouse-field correlations were similar between the two CO2 environments (ambient CO2: r = 0.55, p = 0.0115; elevated CO2: r = 0.56, p = 0.0101). Thus, with this set of families, growth performance ranking after two years appears relatively stable under ambient and elevated CO2.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006586317535
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  • 157
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fast changes in growth rate and cytokinin content of the shoot following rapid cooling of roots of wheat seedling (1998)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 26 (1998), S. 105-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Schlagwort(e): cooling ; cytokinins ; growth ; immunoassay ; wheat
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Changes in the concentration of cytokinins were studied following root cooling. Simultaneously, the growth rate of the second leaf was monitored with a highly sensitive growth sensor attached to its tip. Cytokinins were separated by thin layer chromatography and immunoassayed using antibodies to zeatin riboside. The extension rate of the second leaf decreased within 15 minutes of cooling the nutrient medium from 24 °C to 4 °C. The concentration of cytokinins in shoots decreased with similar rapidity. In contrast cytokinins in roots increased slightly during the initial period of cooling before declining. The sharp decrease in cytokinin concentrations in shoots 15 minutes after cooling of roots may contribute to the abrupt inhibition of shoot growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006088827358
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  • 158
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of habitat on growth and shape of contrasting phenotypes of Bembicium vittatum Philippi in the Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia (1998)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 378 (1998), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): translocation experiments ; growth ; shape ; Bembicium vittatum ; plasticity ; genetic variation ; size ; shells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Translocation experiments were used to test the effect of habitat on growth and shape of three contrasting phenotypes of Bembicium vittatum: dwarf, highly domed snails from an usually dry tidal pond; large, moderately domed snails from a sheltered, regularly inundated pond; and relatively flat snails from a vertical, exposed shore. Snails from both ponds grew nearly twice as fast in the wet pond as in the dry pond, indicating a high degree of plasticity of growth. Associated with these changes in growth rates was convergence of shape. Under conditions of rapid growth, the dwarf snails became relatively flatter, and hence more similar to the native snails at that site. These results indicate that the dwarf phenotype is largely a plastic stunting in response to conditions of little submersion time. The snails from the exposed shore also grew faster in the sheltered, wet pond than at their native site. However, they not only retained their flat shape, but actually became flatter (and hence divergent from the pond snails) when grown in the pond. Thus, variation in shell shape was due to interactions between source population and a common plastic association of flatter growth profile with more rapid growth. Previous experiments had demonstrated high heritability of the flat phenotype, while the present results show that the expression of the genetically different types is affected substantially by the conditions of growth, and that phenotypic differences among populations may either overestimate or underestimate the underlying genetic differences. This unpredictability of the relationship between variation in shell form and its underlying genetic basis complicates interpretations of geographical variation or palaeontological sequences based on shell form.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003241722328
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  • 159
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Root growth responses to lead in young maize seedlings (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 200 (1998), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): cell length ; growth ; lateral roots ; lead ; phytotoxicity ; roots ; seedling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract This work was undertaken to follow the appearance and development of symptoms of lead toxicity in growing roots of seedlings. The effects of lead nitrate (10-2–105 M) were studied on the roots of maize (Zea mays) seedlings, cvs. Diamant and Sterling. The roots were grown on filter paper either on glass in trays or in large Petri dishes. The following characteristics of root growth were studied: seed germination, length of primary and seminal roots, number of seminal and lateral roots, length of branching zone, length of meristem and fully-elongated cells and the number of fully-elongated cells along the daily length increment. 10-2 M lead nitrate exerted a clear toxic effect on root elongation just after radicle emergence; its influence on shoot growth was weak. However 10-2 M Pb solution did not affect either radicle emergence itself or seminal root emergence, which can be explained by the impermeability of seed testa to lead salt. The inhibitory effect of 10-3 M lead nitrate appeared a day later and was not as toxic: the growth of primary and seminal roots proceeded at lower rate due to a partial inhibition of cell division and cell elongation in them. 10-3 M lead nitrate modified the root system morphology: it exerted no effect on the emergence of lateral roots and their number, but induced a more compact distribution of lateral roots along a shorter branching zone due to a reduced length of mature cells in the primary root. As a result of the more prominent inhibition of primary root growth, a shorter branching zone with more compactly located lateral roots occupied a position much closer to the root tip than in roots grown without the influence of lead.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004204605833
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  • 160
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of salinity on growth, biomass production and photosynthesis of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. seedlings (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 205 (1998), S. 163-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Schlagwort(e): biomass ; growth ; photosynthesis ; salinity ; salt-tolerance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of NaCl salinity on growth, dry-matter production and leaf photosynthesis of seedlings of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. and Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. was studied by imposing 4 levels (40, 80, 120 and 160 mM) of NaCl in pot culture. Salinity up to 160 mM did not affect plant survival, but did affect plant growth and dry-matter production depending upon the species and salt concentration. NaCl reduced leaf number and dry-weight of all the plant components, but increased stem dry-weight, especially in E. camaldulensis. Salinization also stimulated total dry-matter production at all the salinity levels in E. camaldulensis but only at 40 mM in D. sissoo. The two species varied in protein and chlorophyll concentration and in leaf photosynthetic rate. Protein and chlorophyll concentration of the plants fell at all the levels of NaCl, except at 40 mM, where stimulation in the photosynthetic carbon assimilation of the plants occurred. However, no distinct relationship between leaf photosynthetic rate and dry-matter production was found. The study indicated that low salt concentrations generally stimulated growth, biomass production and rate of photosynthesis in both the species, and E. camaldulensis appeared more NaCl salt-tolerant than D. sissoo.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004381021039
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  • 161
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile tiger barb, Barbus tetrazona (Bleeker, 1855) (1998)
    Springer
    Aquarium sciences and conservation 2 (1998), S. 9-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1448
    Schlagwort(e): Barbus tetrazona ; nutrition ; dietary requirement--phosphorus ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of increasing dietary concentrations of phosphorus on growth, feeding efficiency and body composition were studied in the tiger barb (Barbus tetrazona) (Bleeker, 1855). Juvenile tiger barbs (initial weight 0.33 ± 0.02 g) were fed purified diets containing graded levels of KH2PO4 to provide 0.17--1.57% available dietary phosphorus for 8 weeks in freshwater glass aquaria. The weight gain, feeding efficiency and mineral composition of the whole body and bone were significantly (p 〈 0.05) affected by dietary phosphorus. Growth response data calculated by broken line analysis showed that the minimum dietary phosphorus level required for maximum growth was 0.52%. The carcass protein, fat and ash contents but not moisture were affected by various dietary phosphorus levels. Fish fed a low-phosphorus diet had high body crude fat
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009620609174
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  • 162
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The influence of feeding regime on growth and slaughter traits of cage-reared Atlantic salmon (1998)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 6 (1998), S. 1-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Schlagwort(e): Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) ; Condition factor ; feeding regimes ; growth ; proximate composition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of different feeding methods on growth and slaughter traits of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, have been examined. Swimming activity associated with feeding was greatest amongst fish fed using automatic feeders, intermediate amongst those fed predetermined rations by hand, and least in groups of fish fed to satiation twice per day. Fish fed to satiation ate more and grew faster than did those provided with rations predicted to support high rates of growth, but the fish fed to satiation had higher feed:gain ratios than those given predetermined rations as two meals per day. The muscle tissues of the fish fed to satiation had higher lipid (%) and lower moisture (%) contents than did those of the fish fed the predetermined rations, but differences in muscle composition could be accounted for by differences in the size of the fish. Lipid was positively, and moisture negatively, correlated with fish size, whereas per cent protein and dress-out losses were little influenced by fish size and feeding regime. The fish fed to satiation were slightly heavier for a given length than those in the other groups. There was, however, no evidence that the largest fish had the highest condition factor, nor could condition factor be used to predict per cent lipid in the muscle tissue. Size variation increased in all groups of fish, and this was, in part, due to the cessation of growth of maturing individuals. Size variation was, however, most marked in the groups fed using automatic feeders, suggesting that interindividual competition for food was greatest amongst these fish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009250118318
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  • 163
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Uptake, Storage and Loss of Cadmium and Lead in the Woodlouse Porcellio scaber (Crustacea, Isopoda) (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 108 (1998), S. 51-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): Crustacea ; growth ; heavy metals ; monitoring
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The dynamics of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in juvenile Porcellio scaber were studied over 6 months after exposing them to three different concentrations of lead and cadmium in their food. Subsequently the ability of P. scaber to eliminate lead and cadmium was studied over two months. Growth was measured to determine whether metal contamination leads to physiological stress in the animals. The accumulation of Pb and Cd in P. scaber shows two different phases. Up to the age of 2–3 months the assimilation exceeds the rate of growth and leads to rapidly increasing concentrations. After 3 months the rate of accumulation is proportional to the rate of growth and the heavy metal concentrations remain on a stabilized level. P. scaber was able to eliminate about 40% of the assimilated lead within 2 weeks but there was no elimination of Cd within 7 weeks. Contaminated P. scaber shows significant growth reduction. The physiological response of P. scaber to heavy metal contamination is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005086123969
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  • 164
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toxic and Sublethal Effects of Ammonium Chloride on a Freshwater Fish Oreochromis mossambicus (1998)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 104 (1998), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Schlagwort(e): ammonium chloride ; conversion efficiency ; feeding rate ; growth ; Oreochromis mossambicus ; survival
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of ammonium chloride on survival and feeding energetics of the freshwater fish Oreochromis mossambicus were studied. At a concentration of 600 mg L-1 ammonium chloride, 100% mortality was observed within 24 h; no mortality occurred at 400 mg L-1 within 96 h; Concentration of 450 mg L-1 ammonium chloride was found as median lethal concentration at 96 h exposure. Rearing the fish in increasing sublethal concentrations of ammonium chloride, it was found that the feeding rate decreased from 20.309 ± 0.506 mg g live fish-1 day-1 (mg g-1 d-1 (control) to 11.594 ± 0.479 mg g-1 d-1 at the highest sublethal concentration (100 mg L-1. Growth rate was drastically reduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1004941825193
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  • 165
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The spirit of capitalism, social status, money, and accumulation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of economics 68 (1998), S. 219-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-7134
    Schlagwort(e): spirit of capitalism ; social status ; money ; growth ; E1 ; E31 ; O42
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper demonstrates the unambiguous existence of the Tobin portfolio-shift effect in the wealth-is-status and the spirit-of-capitalism models of growth. Namely, higher inflation leads to higher capital stock in the long run, and inflation increases the endogenous-growth rate of the economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01237193
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  • 166
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Growth and the content of laurinterol and debromolaurinterol in Laurencia okamurae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): Debromolaurinterol ; growth ; Laurencia ; laurinterol
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The growth of Laurencia okamurae and the content of laurinterol and debromolaurinterol were influenced by various factors. Temperature influenced growth raere te with a maximum at 25°C, regardless of daylength. Maturity depended on temperature rather than daylength; the plants grew without maturing at 15°C, while the plants matured within two weeks at 25°C. The plants were able to grow at salinities of 14–50‰ with maximum growth at 26‰. The salinities growth rash;50‰te reduced with decreasing concentration of nitrate below 1.2 × 10-3 M, and of total phosphate below 7.5× 10-8 M. Bromide concentration had no effect on growth, and the plants grew without bromide. Variation in temperature between 15–25°C and daylength produced no obvious change in laurinterol and debromolaurinterol contents. On the other hand, an increase in salinity led to an increase for both. The plants cultured in a completely artificial medium, modified ASP12NTA, showed a marked drop in their content of these metabolites. An increase in concentrations of nitrate, total phosphate or bromide did not restore the content.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008037706596
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  • 167
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of thiobencarb on growth and photosynthesis of the soil alga Protosiphon botryoides (Chlorophyta) (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 10 (1998), S. 547-554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Schlagwort(e): herbicide ; green alga ; growth ; nutrients ; photosynthesis ; it Protosiphon botryoides ; respiration ; Thiobencarb
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of the herbicide thiobencarb (Saturn) were tested on the growth and physiology of the chlorophyte Protosiphon botryoides isolated from an Egyptian paddy. Assays were conducted using 16-day batch cultures. Chlorophyll and dry weight biomass yields were significantly reduced at 2–3 mg L-1 thiobencarb, and dark respiration increased and protein decreased significantly at 3 mg L-1. Reductions in exponential specific growth rate (μ) were generally small, but in some cases significant. Thiobencarb also slightly, but significantly, reduced the 77 K fluorescence parameter Fv/Fm, an indicator of maximum photosynthetic efficiency. No consistent dose-dependent changes occurred in chlorophyll per unit dry weight, total carbohydrate or gross photosynthetic capacity. Whereas half of the added thiobencarb was recovered from control (uninoculated) medium, it was largely absent from cells and culture medium after sixteen days, indicating biodegradation by the alga or associated bacteria. P. botryoides recovered fully within sixteen days following subculture in thiobencarb-free medium. Independently varying phosphate and nitrate nine-fold had no clear effect on the sensitivity of P. botryoides to thiobencarb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008092826338
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  • 168
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Beyond Our Original Horizons: the Tropicalization of Beverton and Holt (1998)
    Springer
    Reviews in fish biology and fisheries 8 (1998), S. 307-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5184
    Schlagwort(e): Beverton ; gear selection ; growth ; Holt ; mortality ; multispecies modelling ; Y/R analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The extension into tropical areas of Beverton and Holt's yield per recruit approach for stock assessment represents a straightforward case of ‘normal science’, the common Kuhnian counterpart to his much rarer ‘paradigm shifts’. It is shown that the normal science which, in recent decades, has led to new methods for estimating growth, mortality and other statistics required for yield per recruit analyses in data-sparse environments, has not only enriched fisheries science and aquatic biology as a whole, but has also contributed to identify the limitations of the single-species research programme originally defined by Beverton and Holt. The most likely prospect for that programme, in the tropics and elsewhere, is to become a component of the ‘multispecies’, or rather ‘ecosystem’ approach that is emerging, and to which Beverton and Holt will have contributed many of the concepts, and much of the rigour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008863215253
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  • 169
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Brassinolides promote the expression of a new Cicer arietinum β-tubulin gene involved in the epicotyl elongation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 37 (1998), S. 807-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Schlagwort(e): brassinolides ; β-tubulin ; Cicer arietinum ; epicotyls ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A cDNA clone, CanTUB, encoding a putative β-tubulin protein was isolated from a cDNA library constructed from 5-day old chickpea (Cicer arietinum) epicotyls. Analysis of its deduced amino acid sequence showed all the typical structural motifs of plant β-tubulins. Putative sequences for autoregulation and tubulin mRNA stability, GTP and Ca2+/MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins) binding sites were present. Southern blot analysis of chickpea genomic DNA revealed that there are multiple β-tubulin genes. The level of expression of β-tubulin genes was correlated with the rate of growth in either seedlings and adult plants. The transcript levels of β-tubulin genes were higher in actively elongating tissues such as etiolated epicotyls, roots and stem tissues of adult plants. Brassinolide-induced growth in chickpea epicotyls was accompanied by promotion of the expression of the gene coding for β-tubulin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006013718429
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  • 170
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Zooplankton nutrition: recent progress and a reality check (1998)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 32 (1998), S. 261-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Schlagwort(e): phosphorus ; fatty acid ; growth ; life history ; food limitation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Evidence suggests that marine and freshwater zooplankton generally experience food levels above subsistence values in terms of carbon. However, the quality of this food may be poor due to an insufficiency of other essential nutrients. In this review, we examine recent progress in three main areas of food quality research: (1) elemental (especially P) limitation, (2) digestion resistance, and (3) biochemical (especially fatty acids) limitation. We evaluate laboratory and field evidence in each of these areas, look at new evidence about the life history implications of the elemental limitation hypothesis, and suggest future avenues for research. From a rather large number of seemingly heterogeneous studies, a single consistent picture of food quality emerges: both P and essential fatty acids are predicted to be important dietary factors, but at different places and times. Nevertheless, despite an abundance of valuable laboratory studies, our knowledge of food quality limitation in the field is still poor.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009949400573
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  • 171
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The impact of elevated CO2 on growth and photosynthesis in Agrostis canina L. ssp. monteluccii adapted to contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 110 (1997), S. 169-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Agrostis canina ; CO2 vents ; photosynthesis ; lignification ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  The aim of this study was to characterise growth and photosynthetic capacity in plants adapted to long-term contrasting atmospheric CO2 concentrations (C a). Seeds of Agrostis canina L. ssp. monteluccii were collected from a natural CO2 transect in central-western Italy and plants grown in controlled environment chambers at both ambient and elevated CO2 (350 and 700 μmol mol−1) in nutrient-rich soil. Seasonal mean C a at the source of the plant material ranged from 610 to 451 μmol CO2 mol−1, derived from C4 leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C). Under chamber conditions, CO2 enrichment stimulated the growth of all populations. However, plants originating from elevated C a exhibited higher initial relative growth rates (RGRs) irrespective of chamber CO2 concentrations and a positive relationship was found between RGR and C a at the seed source. Seed weight was positively correlated with C a, but differences in seed weight were found to explain no more than 34% of the variation in RGRs at elevated CO2. Longer-term experiments (over 98 days) on two populations originating from the extremes of the transect (451 and 610 μmol CO2 mol−1) indicated that differences in growth between populations were maintained when plants were grown at both 350 and 700 μmol CO2 mol−1. Analysis of leaf material revealed an increase in the cell wall fraction (CWF) in plants grown at elevated CO2, with plants originating from high C a exhibiting constitutively lower levels but a variable response in terms of the degree of lignification. In vivo gas exchange measurements revealed no significant differences in light and CO2 saturated rates of photosynthesis and carboxylation efficiency between populations or with CO2 treatment. Moreover, SDS-PAGE/ LISA quantification of leaf ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) showed no difference in Rubisco content between populations or CO2 treatments. These findings suggest that long-term adaptation to growth at elevated CO2 may be associated with a potential for increased growth, but this does not appear to be linked with differences in the intrinsic capacity for photosynthesis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050146
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  • 172
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sources of Sectoral Growth in an Economy Wide Context: The Case of U.S. Agriculture (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of productivity analysis 8 (1997), S. 293-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0441
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; USagriculture ; externalities ; spill-overs ; public R and D
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Growth in U.S. agriculture is linked to the non-farm economy through domestic terms of trade and factor market adjustments. With almost stable input growth, the relatively large contributions from growth in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) are passed on to intermediate and final consumers in the form of declining real prices for primary farm products. The resulting net growth in the real value of farm output (GDP) is relatively low (0.25% per annum). The decomposition of TFP suggests that public agricultural stock of knowledge and infrastructure are “robustly” associated with TFP growth, while spill-overs from private agricultural and economy wide research and development (R and D) are positive but, relatively small.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007759705652
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  • 173
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Multifractal percolation and growth in intermittent media (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 87 (1997), S. 607-611 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Schlagwort(e): Scaling ; percolation ; growth ; intermittency ; moments
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The Havlin-Bunde multifractal hypothesis for the probability density of a random walker is used to obtain the scaling law of thepth-order correlation function of the concentration (for percolation) and of the height (for growing surfaces) differences:c p (r)=〈|Θ(x+r)−Θ(x)| p 〉∼r ς p in intermittent media. It is shown that near the transition to homogeneity σ p =A p In(p/p o)(whereA andp 0 are some constants). Good agreement with recent experiments and computer simulations of different authors is established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02181239
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  • 174
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of porcine somatotropin on the chemical body composition and fat quality in growing-finishing pigs (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 294-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Body composition ; fat ; growth ; somatotropin ; pig ; Körperzusammensetzung ; Fett ; Wachstum ; Somatotropin -Schwein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung An 78 männlichen Kastraten und weiblichen Schweinen der Kreuzung Pietrain x (Deutsches Edelschwein x Deutsche Landrasse) wurden Untersuchungen zum Einfluß einer porcinen Somatotropin (pST)-Behandlung während des Wachstums auf die chemische Körperzusammensetzung der Tiere, das Adipozyten-Wachstum und das Fettsäure-Profil des Rückenspecks untersucht. Die intramuskulären Injektionen (1 oder 3 mg pST) wurden täglich ab durchschnittlich 65 kg Lebendgewicht bis zum Schlachten verabreicht. Nach der pST-Behandlung wurden bei den Kastraten in allen untersuchten Merkmalen signifikante Unterschiede festgestellt, während sich bei den weiblichen Tieren nur leichte Reaktionen zeigten. Das pST verursachte eine Zunahme des Wasserund Proteingehaltes bei gleichzeitiger Reduzierung des Lipidgehaltes besonders in den fettreichen Körperteilen der Tiere. Im Rückenspeck war der Gehalt an ungesättigten Fettsäuren erhöht und der Fettzelldurchmesser erniedrigt.
    Notizen: Summary Seventy eight growing-finishing pigs (male castrates and females) of the cross-breed Pietrain x (Large White x German Landrace) were used to investigate the effects of pST treatment on the chemical composition of the body, the growth of adipocytes, and the fatty acid profile of the backfat. Intramuscular injections (1 or 3 mg pST) were administered daily from an average weight of 65 kg up to slaughter. After pST treatment significant changes in all studied characteristics were observed in barrows, whereas the females exhibited very small responses. The pST caused an increase of water and protein contents and a simultaneous decrease of lipid content especially in body parts rich in fat. Furthermore, the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids increased and the fat cell diameter decreased in the backfat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617801
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  • 175
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Nutrient intake and protein metabolism: responses to feeding (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 332-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Nutrient intake ; protein metabolism ; protein synthesis ; growth ; energy expenditures ; Nährstoffaufnahme ; Proteinstoffwechsel ; Proteinsynthese ; Wachstum ; Energieaufwand
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Eine Zunahme von fettfreiem Gewebe tritt auf, wenn die Proteinsynthese größer ist als der Proteinabbau. Obwohl während des Wachstums von der Geburt bis zur Reife die absoluten Proteinsynthese- und -abbauraten ansteigen, nehmen dagegen die fraktionellen Raten ab. Bcide Prozesse reagieren auf die Nährstoffaufnahme. Es gibt aber deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den verschiedenen Geweben. Protein, Kohlenhydrate und Fett können den Proteinansatz bei unreifen Tieren und Kindern stimulieren. Die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen und die Energieaufwendungen scheinen jedoch unterschiedlich zu sein.
    Notizen: Summary Lean tissue growth occurs when the rate of protein synthesis exceeds the rate of protein breakdown. Althoughabsolute rates of protein synthesis and breakdown rise during growth from birth to maturityfractional rates fall. Both these processes are sensitive to nutrient intake but responses to feeding vary greatly amongst different tissues. Protein, carbohydrate and fat can all stimulate body protein accretion in immature animals and in children but the mechanisms by which they do so, and the energy expenditures involved, seem to be different.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617817
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  • 176
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipaemia and liver composition in pregnant rats consuming olive oil and olive oil used for frying (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Frying ; growth ; liver lipids ; lipaemia ; olive oil ; pregnancy ; rat ; Fritierung ; Wachstum ; Leberfett ; Olivenöl ; Schwangerschaft ; Ratte
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Um Informartionen über den Zusammenhang zwischen der Aufnahme von Fett, das zum Fritieren benutzt wurde, und dem Fetthaushalt während Perioden starken Körperaufbaus zu haben, wurde der Einfluß der Aufnahme von frischem Olivenöl (Gehalt polarer Verbindungen, 2 %; Ölsäure 78,9 mg/100 mg Öl, und Linolsäure 7 mg/100 mg Öl) und von Olivenöl, das 15 mal in Folge für das Fritieren von Kartoffeln benutzt worden war (Gehalt polarer Verbindungen 9 %; Ölsäure 75,8 mg/100mg Öl und Linolsäure 6,2 mg/100mg Öl) während der Gravidität, untersucht. Dazu wurden trächtige Wistar Ratten in zwei Gruppen geteilt, die beide eine isokalorische Diät bekamen, deren Fettanteil 15 % von frischem (unbenutztem) (P1) bzw. fritiertem (benutztem) (P2) Olivenöl stammte mit nicht trächtigen Ratten verglichen. Die Gravidität erhöhte (p〈0,01) die Futteraufnahme, das Körpergewicht, die Gewichtszunahmen und die Futterverwertung. Die Ölqualität beeinflußte dagegen diese Parameter nicht. Während der Gravidität stiegen die Serumwerte der Triglyceride (TG) (p〈0,01) und des Cholesterins (TC) (p〈0,05) an, während die der Phosphatide (PH) sanken (p〈0,01). Ein signifikanter Effekt der Ölqualität und eine Wechselwirkung zwischen Gravidität und Öl wurde für TG und PH festgestellt. Das Gewicht und der Fettgehalt der Leber der trächtigen Ratten stiegen signifikant an (p.〈0.05), Leber TC, TG und PH stiegen während der Gravidität (ungefähr um das 3-fache der Ausgangswerte), aber es traten keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen der Aufnahme von benutztem und nicht benutztem Öl (P2 vs P1) auf. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Aufnahme von leicht verdorbenem Olivenöl als alleinige Fettquelle der Nahrung keine besonderen Folgen für die Gravidität hat, was die Gewichtszunahme der Mütter und der Feten, die Lipämie und die Zusammensetzung des Leberfetts betrifft.
    Notizen: Summary The effect of the consumption of unused olive oil (polar content, 2 %; oleic acid, 78.9 mg/100 mg oil, and linoleic acid 7 mg/100 mg oil) and olive oil used discontinuously for frying potatoes 15 times (polar content, 9 %; oleic acid, 75.8 mg/100 mg oil and linoleic acid 6.2 mg/100 mg oil) was studied in pregnant rats with the aim of better understanding the relationship between the consumption of fat used in frying and lipid metabolism during periods of intense anabolism. Trials were performed in pregnant Wistar rats, divided into 2 groups and fed isocaloric diets in which the fat content (15 % wt/wt) consisted of unused olive oil (P1) or oil previously used for frying (P2), and the results were compared with those of nonpregnant rats fed unused olive oil (NP1) and olive oil used for frying (NP2). Pregnancy increased (p〈0.01) food intake, body weight, weight gain, and food efficiency ratio (P2 vs NP2 and P1 vs NP1, respectively), but the treatment of oil included in the diets did not alter these parameters. Gestation significantly increased the serum triglyceride (TG) (p〈0.01) and total cholesterol (TC) (p〈0.05) concentrations and diminished that of phospholipids (PH) (p〈0.01). A significant effect of the type of oil consumed and a pregnancy x oil interaction on Tg and PH levels was observed. The weight of the liver and its fat content increased significantly (p〈0.05) as a result of pregnancy. Liver TC, TG, and PH increased (approximately 3 times the original values) during gestation, but no significant differences due to the intake of used or unused oil (P2 vs P1) were observed. The results indicate that the consumption of moderately altered olive oil, as the sole source of fat, does not alter the effect of pregnancy on the mothers' weight gain, lipaemia, and hepatic fat composition to any important degree.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623365
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  • 177
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Partitioning of fat and protein in energy retention of growing animals (1997)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 36 (1997), S. 299-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Schlagwort(e): Energy retention ; protein retention ; fat retention ; growth ; body composition ; broilers ; Energieansatz ; Proteinansatz ; Fettansatz ; Wachstum ; Körperzusammensetzung ; Broiler
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft , Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Mit steigender Aufnahme erhöht sich der Körperfettgehalt und der Körperproteingehalt nimmt ab. Es wird oft angenommen, daß jede Zunahme im Ansatz mit mehr Fett und weniger Protein verbunden ist. Experimentelle Ergebnisse widerlegen jedoch diese Annahme. In zwei Experimenten mit männlichen Broilerhühnern wurden die Tiere auf einem Niveau von 60 % und 100 % der empfohlenen Energieaufnahme gefüttert. Die Körperzusammensetzung bei 1500 g zeigte, wie erwartet, daß sich bei steigenden Aufnahmen der Körperfettgchalt vergrößert und der Körperproteingehalt abnimmt. Fettund Proteinansatz waren linear mit der totalen Energieretention (ER) korreliert. Das bedeutet, daß jede Zunahme im Ansatz den gleichen Protein- und Fettgehalt besitzt. Wenn der Fettansatz gleich Null ist wird nur Protein, etwa 50 % des maximalen Ansatzes, retiniert. Wenn ER=O ist, wird Protein angesetzt und Fett mobilisiert. Energie-und N-Bilanzuntersuchungen bestätigen die konstante Zusammensetzung jeder Vergrößerung des Ansatzes. Die Ergebnisse beider Experimente zeigen, daß die ER aus zwei Komponenten besteht: einem basalen konstanten täglichen Proteinansatz und einer variablen zusätzlichen ER, die hauptsächlich aus Fett besteht. Der basale Proteinansatz beträgt etwa 50 % des maximalen Ansatzes. Mit steigenden Energieaufnahmen wird der basale Proteinansatz mit einer zusätzlichen Menge von Protein und Fett im konstanten Verhältnis ergänzt.
    Notizen: Summary With increasing intakes the body fat content increases and that of protein decreases. It is most often assumed that this is brought about because each increment in retention contains more fat and less protein. Experimental results, however, showed that this explanation is not true. In two experiments male broiler chickens were fed at levels between 60 and 100 % of recommended energy intake. Body composition at 1500 g showed, as expected, that with increasing intakes body fat content increased and protein content decreased. Both fat and protein retention per day were linearly related to total energy retention (ER). This means that each increment in retention has the same protein and fat content. At zero fat retention only protein was retained, about 50 % of maximal retention. At zero ER protein was retained and fat mobilized. Energy and N balance experiments confirmed the constant composition of each increment in retention. The results of both experiments show that total ER consisted of two components: a basic constant daily protein retention and a variable additional ER, mainly consisting of fat. The basic protein retention is about half of maximal retention. With increasing energy intakes the basic protein retention is combined with an additional amount of protein and fat in a constant ratio.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01617802
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  • 178
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of copper on cellular processes in higher plants (1997)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 34 (1997), S. 321-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): genetic apparatus ; growth ; oxidative enzymes ; photosynthetic apparatus ; senescence ; toxicity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal which in recent studies has been attributed an increasing role in metabolic processes of plant cells. It is an indispensable component of oxidative enzymes or of particular structural components of cells. At elevated concentrations, Cu can act strongly on chromatin, the photosynthetic apparatus, growth, and senescence processes. The mechanisms of the metal toxicity depending largely on the growth stage of treated plants are presented in this review.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006818815528
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  • 179
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of Development and Life History in Pan and Cebus (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of primatology 18 (1997), S. 683-701 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8604
    Schlagwort(e): capuchins ; chimpanzees ; growth ; reproduction ; weaning
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined growth and development in capuchins and chimpanzees in relation to weaning, onset of reproduction, and reproductive life span. Striking differences are evident in neurobehavioral status at birth (more mature in capuchins), the relative duration of infancy (longer in chimpanzees), and the proportional weight of the infant at the time of weaning (greater in capuchins). Although capuchins and chimpanzees spend a similar proportion of life in a weaned but reproductively immature state, chimpanzees spend so much more of their lives as nursing infants that reproductive output per individual is much lower than in capuchins. Discussion centers around tolerated transfers of food (food-sharing) as a potential adaptation to limited foraging success by immature foragers. Perhaps food transfers from adult to infant, which is a more prominent feature of behavior in chimpanzees than in capuchins in natural environments, allow a very small weanling chimpanzee to survive.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026339712071
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  • 180
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of Cd2+ on the physiological state and photosynthetic activity of young barley plants (1997)
    Springer
    Photosynthetica 34 (1997), S. 293-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9058
    Schlagwort(e): amino acids ; 14C photoassimilation ; dark respiration rate ; growth ; Hordeum vulgare ; photoassimilates ; proteins ; transpiration rate ; water relations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Obzor) were grown as a water culture in a climatic room. One part of them was subjected to a long-term Cd2+ stress - 12 d with 5.4×10−5 M Cd. The Cd2+ stress inhibited formation of the photosynthetic apparatus and its capacity for 14C photoassimilation, decreased the content of soluble proteins, increased the dark respiration rate and the free amino acids content, disturbed plant water relations, as well as the distribution of 14C within primary photoproducts of the treated barley plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006805010560
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  • 181
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The role of growth in endocrine regulation of salmon smoltification (1997)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 17 (1997), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; salmon ; smoltification ; insulin ; insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) ; growth hormone ; thyroxine ; photoperiod ; temperature ; nutrition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007710308765
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  • 182
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity and growth of HeLa cells by natural and synthetic retinoids (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 166 (1997), S. 101-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Schlagwort(e): NADH oxidase ; plasma membranes ; growth ; retinol ; retinoids ; HeLa cells
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Several retinoids, both natural and synthetic, were evaluated for their ability to modulate NADH oxidase activity of plasma membranes of cultured HeLa cells and the growth of HeLa cells in culture. Both NADH oxidase activity and the growth of cells were inhibited by the naturally-occurring retinoids all trans-retinoic acid (tretinoin) and retinol as well as by the synthetic retinoids, trans-acitretin, 13-cis-acitretin, etretinate and arotonoid ethylester (Ro 13-6298). For all retinoids tested, inhibition of NADH oxidase activity and inhibition of growth were correlated closely. With tretinoin, etretinate and arotonoid ethylester, NADH oxidase activity and cell growth were inhibited in parallel in proportion to the logarithm of retinoid concentration over the range of concentrations 10-8 to 10-5 M. Approximately 70% inhibition of both NADH oxidase activity and growth was reached at 10 µM. With retinol, trans-acitretin and 13-cis-acitretin, inhibition of NADH oxidase activity and growth also were correlated but maximum inhibition of both was about 40% at 10 µM. The possibility is suggested that inhibition of the plasma membrane NADH oxidase activity by retinoids may be related to their mechanism of inhibition of growth of HeLa cells in culture. (Mol Cell Biochem 166: 101-109, 1997)
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006866726050
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  • 183
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exploitation and Growth (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 251-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): exploitation ; growth ; property rights ; taxation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract I develop a model of exploitation—coercive wealthtransfer—and growth based on social importance. Exploitationreduces growth since the return to capital falls with exploitationcosts. Initial relative wealth across groups—the measureof social importance—determines which group is the exploiterand how costly exploitation will be. The exploiter selects anexploitation path that maintains its dominant position and rarelymaximizes current transfers. Productive minorities and fast-growinggroups are most prone to exploitation. International sanctions,if strong, end exploitation; otherwise they increase exploitationand reduce growth. Segregation and apartheid are broadly consistentwith the theory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009730825259
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  • 184
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Macrodynamic Implications of Income-Transfer Policies for Human Capital Investment and School Effort (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 305-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; income distribution ; tax and transfer policy ; human capital investment ; school effort
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract The distortion in educational investment in poorer childrenis often attributed to credit market imperfections and henceto the unequal access of children to educational opportunity.However, the distortion might also be attributable to disincentiveeffects that cause children to make inefficient use of educationalopportunities. This possibility is demonstrated for an overlappinggenerations economy with multiple family dynasties in which childrenhave random unobservable abilities and base their school efforton their parents‘ after-tax returns to schooling. Income redistributioncan result in suboptimal effort choices that offset the beneficialeffects of income transfers and sharply lower social welfare.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009734926167
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  • 185
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Power, Distributive Conflicts, and Multiple Growth Paths (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 155-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; taxation ; capital flight ; multiple equilibria ; redistribution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article shows that multiple growth paths may occurin a politico-economic model of endogenous growth. This multiplicityis characterized by the coexistence of the low-tax, low-capital-flightequilibrium and a high-tax, high-capital-flight equilibrium.The likelihood of multiplicity is crucially related to the structureof power in society—namely, it is necessary that the politicallydecisive agents have a greater access to international capitalmarkets than the average in the economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009729117637
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  • 186
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Distribution of Human Capital and Economic Growth (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 93-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): Income distribution ; human capital ; growth ; overlapping-generations ; Kuznets hypothesis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyzes the interaction between the distributionof human capital, technological progress, and economic growth.It argues that the composition of human capital is an importantfactor in the determination of the pattern of economic development.The study demonstrates that the evolutionary pattern of the humancapital distribution, the income distribution, and economic growthare determined simultaneously by the interplay between a local home environment externality and a global technologicalexternality. In early stages of development the local home environmentexternality is the dominating factor and hence the distributionof income becomes polarized; whereas in mature stages of developmentthe global technological externality dominates and the distributionof income ultimately contracts. Polarization, in early stagesof development may be a necessary ingredient for future economicgrowth. An economy that prematurely implements a policy designedto enhance equality may be trapped at a low stage of development.An underdeveloped economy, which values equality as well as prosperity,may confront a trade-off between equality in the short-run followedby equality and stagnation in the long-run, and inequality inthe short-run followed by equality and prosperity in the longrun.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009785714248
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  • 187
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The Transition from Stagnation to Growth: An Adaptive Learning Approach (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 185-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; human capital ; development ; transition ; learning ; genetic algorithm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This article develops the first model in which, consistentwith the empirical evidence, the transition from stagnation toeconomic growth is a very long endogenous process. The modelhas one steady state with a low and stagnant level of incomeper capita and another steady state with a high and growing levelof income per capita. Both of these steady states are locallystable under the perfect foresight assumption. We relax the perfectforesight assumption and introduce adaptive learning into thisenvironment. Learning acts as an equilibrium selection criterionand provides an interesting transition dynamic between steadystates. We find that for sufficiently low initial values of humancapital—values that would tend to characterize preindustrialeconomies—the system under learning spends a long periodof time (an epoch) in the neighborhood of the low-income steadystate before finally transitioning to a neighborhood of the high-incomesteady state. We argue that this type of transition dynamic providesa good characterization of the economic growth and developmentpatterns that have been observed across countries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009733218546
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  • 188
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technological Diffusion, Convergence, and Growth (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 1-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; technology ; diffusion ; convergence ; adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We construct a model that combines elements of endogenousgrowth with the convergence implications of the neoclassicalgrowth model. In the long run, the world growth rate is drivenby discoveries in the technologically leading economies. Followersconverge toward the leaders because copying is cheaper than innovationover some range. A tendency for copying costs to increase reducesfollowers‘ growth rates and thereby generates a pattern of conditionalconvergence. We discuss how countries are selected to be technologicalleaders, and we assess welfare implications. Poorly defined intellectualproperty rights imply that leaders have insufficient incentiveto invent and followers have excessive incentive to copy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009746629269
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  • 189
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Matching, Heterogeneity, and the Evolution of Income Distribution (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 61-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): search ; matching ; mismatch ; human capital ; growth ; wage inequality ; income inequality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper analyzes a model in which firms and workershave to engage in costly search to find a production partner,and endogenizes the skill, job, and wage distributions in thiscontext. The presence of search frictions implies that thereare two redistributive forces in the labor market. The firstis mismatch relative to the Walrasian economy; skilled workerstend to work with lower physical to human capital ratios, andthis compresses the earnings differentials. The second is theopportunity cost effect; because the opportunity cost of acceptingan unskilled worker, which is to forgo the opportunity to employa skilled worker, is high, unskilled wages are pushed down. Theinteraction between these two forces leads to a non-ergodic equilibriumprocess for wage and income inequality. Further, the presenceof mismatch reduces the rate of return to physical capital andthus depresses growth. A key prediction of the analysis is thatincreasing wage inequality is more likely to arise in economieswith less frictional labor markets, which is in line with thediverse cross-country patterns observed over the past two decades.Finally, the paper predicts that, as is largely the case withU.S. data, between group and within group wage inequality shouldmove in the same direction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009733730177
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  • 190
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Democratic Choice of an Education System: Implications for Growth and Income Distribution (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 169-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; democracy ; education ; inequality
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract We use an OLG model to examine democratic choice betweentwo modes of government support for education: subsidies forprivately purchased education and free uniform public provision.We find little conflict between democracy and growth: the samefactors that generate popular support for subsidization overfree uniform provision—large external benefits, a largeexcess burden, and little inequality—also favor its relativegrowth performance. Furthermore, restricting the franchise toan upper-income elite may also reduce growth. Two extensionsexamine the effect of intergenerational mobility and indicatethe theoretical possibility of periodic swings in the balancebetween public and private spending.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009781101707
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  • 191
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Location and the Growth of Nations (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of economic growth 2 (1997), S. 399-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; international spillovers ; spatial economics ; openness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract Does a country‘s long-term growth depend on what happensin countries that are nearby? Such linkages could occur for avariety of reasons, including demand and technology spillovers.We present a series of tests to determine the existence of suchrelationships and the forms that they might take. We find thata country‘s growth rate is closely related to that of nearbycountries and show that this correlation reflects more than theexistence of common shocks. Trade alone does not appear responsiblefor these linkages either. In addition, we find that being neara large market contributes to growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009741426524
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  • 192
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Technology Transfer, Income Distribution and the Process of Economic Development (1997)
    Springer
    Open economies review 8 (1997), S. 245-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-708X
    Schlagwort(e): income distribution ; human capital ; growth ; complementarity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Abstract This paper studies the role of income distribution and technology transfer in the process of economic development. A novel aspect of the model is that the composition of human capital as well as the level affect economic growth. Utilizing an overlapping-generations model in which income distribution changes endogenously, we present an economic explanation for why some countries could not start modern economic growth; why some countries took off but have apparently stopped growing after some time; and why some countries have successfully developed and continue to grow.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008242831419
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  • 193
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Environmental Effects on the Accumulation of Hydroxamic Acids in Wheat Seedlings: The Importance of Plant Growth Rate (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 543-551 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Temperature ; photoperiod ; hydroxamic acids ; growth ; defense ; secondary metabolites ; wheat ; Gramineae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of temperature and photoperiod on accumulation of hydroxamic acids (Hx) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Hx concentrations were significantly higher at higher temperatures. No such clear trend was found for the photoperiod effect. The significant effect of temperature and photoperiod on growth rate of seedlings and the significant positive correlation between growth rate prior to analysis and levels of Hx, suggested that environmental effects on Hx accumulation were at least partially mediated through their effect on plant growth rate. After uncoupling the effect of environmental conditions from the effect of plant growth rate by statistical means the effect of temperature on Hx was no longer significant. Therefore, temperature effect was fully mediated by plant growth rate. Implications of the patterns found are discussed in issues of plant-defense general theories.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006376.92876.14
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  • 194
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diet and growth of a leaf-shredding caddisfly in southern Appalachian streams of contrasting disturbance history (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 346 (1997), S. 193-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): stream ; disturbance ; caddisfly ; shredder ; diet ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diet and growth of leaf-shredding caddisfly larvae, Pycnopsyche spp.,were examined in streams draining a reference catchment and a 16-year-oldclear-cut (disturbed) catchment at Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory insouthwestern North Carolina, USA. The objective was to explain why shredderproduction is higher in the disturbed streams despite the larvae having lessfood (i.e., leaves) available. We predicted larvae would grow faster onfast-decaying leaf material representative of the disturbed streams. Larvaeconsumed mostly leaf detritus in three streams draining each catchment overthree seasons (fall, winter, and spring), which showed larvae did notconsume higher quality foods (e.g., algae and animal material) in disturbedstreams. When fed 2-month-old conditioned black birch (Betula lenta L.) (afast-decaying leaf species) and white oak (Quercus alba L.) (a slow-decayingleaf species) leaves in the laboratory, larvae grew significantly faster onthe birch leaves. However, when larvae were fed the same leaf types after3-months conditioning, larvae grew significantly faster on oak leaves. Afield growth experiment conducted for 42 d using mixed-species leaf dietsrepresentative of each catchment and initially conditioned for 2 monthsfound that Pycnopsyche grew significantly better on the diet representativeof the reference catchment. The ’reference diet‘ contained more oak leaveswhich apparently became a more acceptable food as the experiment proceeded.High shredder production in the disturbed streams could not be explained byhigh Pycnopsyche growth rates on fast-decaying leaves. Instead, larvae grewbetter on leaves that were apparently conditioned optimally regardless ofconditioning rate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002930419317
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  • 195
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of temperature, and food quantity and quality on the growth and development rates in laboratory-cultured copepods and cladocerans from a Sri Lankan reservoir (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 350 (1997), S. 131-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): microcrustacean zooplankton ; tropical limnology ; laboratory cultures ; growth ; development rates ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Length growth, instar durations, fecundity and mortality rates of fivespecies of microcrustacean zooplankton from a tropical reservoir weremeasured in relation to food quantity and temperature in laboratorycultures. Three cladocerans (Ceriodaphnia cornuta, Moina micrura,Diaphanosoma excisum), one calanoid copepod (Heliodiaptomus viduus), and onecyclopoid copepod (Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides) were studied. Filteredseston (45 µm mesh) from a local pond was used for food. Two foodconcentrations were employed: (1) 10 µg chlorophyll l−1(ca 0.25 mg Cl−1), and (2) 50 µg chlorophylll−1 (ca 1.25 mg C l−1). Food levels and watertemperature (22.5, 27.5, and 32.5 °C) used, roughly covered the rangesfound in the reservoir. Although all the three growth parameters were oftenaffected to some degree by temperature and food, the quantitative responseof the species differed. Also, the species reacted differently to the threepossible interactions (i.e. food × temperature,food × instar, andtemperature × instar). This contributed to the overalldifferences in the species responses. For the cladocerans, instar durationswere always affected by temperature. The food did not affect the durationtime of the adults and that of the combined juvenile instars, the latterexcept in one case significantly. For the two copepods food level affectedthe duration times of naupliar and copepodite instars, but the effect oftemperature was only significant for H. viduus. The development timesobserved for H. viduus were extraordinary long compared with values reportedin the literature for other tropical calanoids. This suggests that foodconditions in our culture were adversely affecting its growth rates.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003087815861
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  • 196
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bioenergetics model for an air-breathing fish, Channa striatus (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental biology of fishes 50 (1997), S. 309-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; consumption ; metabolism ; body weight
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Food consumption, standard metabolism, and growth of juvenile snakehead, Channa striatus, a cannibalistic and air-breathing fish were measured at 24–26 °C under controlled laboratory condition. Snakehead weighing 3.2–29.5 g were evaluated, and were fed smaller snakehead. Based on our observations, we determined bioenergetics relationships between specific food consumption, metabolic rates, and body weight. These values, along with other published parameter values allowed us to construct a bioenergetics model for snakehead. We then verified our model with growth and food consumption measurements from an independent feeding trial. Predicted fish growth closely matched observed growth. Our model underestimated cumulative food consumption when a constant activity value was used, but consumption estimates improved when we used non-constant activity values (1-5 times of standard metabolism). Predicted fish maintenance ration was 1.7% of body weight per day. Food conversion efficiency was greatest (0.59) when fed 2% body weight daily, but declined when daily consumption exceeded 6% body weight. This model provides a useful approach for assessing food requirements of snakehead under controlled condition.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007345203542
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  • 197
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Translocation of assimilates in Undaria and its cultivation in China (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 352 (1997), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Undaria pinnatifida ; translocation ; photoassimilates ; growth ; cultivation ; yield
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Undaria cultivation on a commercial scale began in China only in the last decade. Today, Undaria pinnatifida is the main species under cultivation concentrated in two provinces, Liaoning and Shandong. The annual production in the early nineties was 8000-13 000 tons dry weight, which is two or three times the pre-1980 figures. The raft cultivation method maintaining the alga at the desired depths generally ensures the light saturated rate of photosynthesis on clear days, and enhances production. Under the cultivated condition, the calculated annual primary productivity of this alga is 160 gC m−2 y−1. Translocation of 14C-labelled photoassimilates in rapidly growing sporophyte of Undaria pinnatifida was studied in the open sea. Samples from different parts of the blade with counterparts exposed to tracer (NaH14CO3) showed that the translocation that occurred mainly from the tip of the blade to the growing region had obvious source-sink relationship. It took 20 minutes to translocate the labelled photoassimilates from the epidermis, via cortex, to the medulla of the midrib, where rates of translocation averaging 42–48 cm h−1 were observed in the open sea. Production experiments of tip-cutting of the blades showed an increased production of 9%.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003004230593
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  • 198
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Notes on the life history of the clam shrimp, Eulimnadia texana (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 359 (1997), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Conchostraca ; branchiopod ; growth ; survival ; reproduction ; carapace rings
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Several life history measures (growth rate, egg production, molt frequency, age at maturity and lifespan) were measured on several clam shrimp hermaphrodites (Eulimnadia texana Packard) grown in a laboratory setting under optimal growth conditions. Growth rates were high early in life, and then dropped dramatically when egg production began (day 5–6). Early egg production was low, and increased until approximately day 7, after which production leveled off for several days. Reproductive senescence was noted after day 17, with clutch sizes continuously dropping until death. Average molts per day was approximately 1.1, and molting seemed to be more closely associated with egg production than with growth. Growth and egg production were negatively correlated, indicating a possible trade-off between these two traits. No other trade-offs were detected. These shrimp show typical early-colonist life history traits, displaying high initial growth, early reproduction at a high rate, and then early senescence and death.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003106702451
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  • 199
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preliminary results of providing various combinations of live foods to grouper (Epinephelus coioides) larvae (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 358 (1997), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): grouper larvae ; live foods ; growth ; fatty acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Fertilized oyster eggs, S-rotifer (Brachionusrotundiformis) and SS-rotifer (Brachionus sp.),were tested either solely or in combination fortheir suitability as feed for early stage grouper (Epinephelus coioides) larvae. Sizes ofS-rotifers ranged between 143-224 µm lorica lengthwith mean 182±21µm, and SS-rotifersbetween 122-176µmlorica length with mean 154±13µm. Theresults indicated that both fertilized oyster eggs andSS-rotifers were suitable as feed at F1 (first feedingday). However, poor growth was recorded when providing oyster eggs solely for the periodsF1-F3. Although growth of larvae at F6 had nodifference between the sole SS-rotifers and the oystereggs additionally provided for F1-F3, better survivalof larvae at F15 was obtained when providingcombinations of SS-rotifers with oyster eggs for F1-F3.Besides, better growth and survival of larvae at F15was found when providing S-rotifers enriched withKirin yeast for F7-F15. The highest survival andfastest growth of larvae at F15 was found whenproviding oyster eggs for F1-F3, SS-rotifers forF1-F6, S-rotifers for F7-F15, both rotifers enrichedwith Kirin yeast, and Isochrysis for F1-F15.Total fatty acid (TFA), EPA, DHA content, and DHA/EPA(D/E) ratio of larvae changed with their sizes andcorresponded to that of their feeds. The F15 larvaehaving a higher TFA grew faster, having higher DHA orEPA survived better.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003153407419
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  • 200
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Population regulation and role of mesozooplankton in shaping marine pelagic food webs (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 363 (1997), S. 13-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Copepods ; growth ; mortality ; grazing ; vertical flux
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Copepods constitute the majority of the mesozooplankton in the oceans.By eating and being eaten copepods have implications for the flow of matterand energy in the pelagic environment. I first consider populationregulation mechanisms in copepods by briefly reviewing estimates of growthand mortality rates and evidence of predation and resource limitation. Theeffects of variations in fecundity and mortality rates for the demography ofcopepod populations are then examined by a simple model, which demonstratesthat population growth rates are much more sensitive to variations inmortality than to variations in fecundity. This is consistent with theobserved tremendous variation in copepod fecundity rates, relatively low andconstant mortality rates and with morphological and behavioralcharacteristics of pelagic copepods (e.g., predator perception and escapecapability, vertical migration), which can all be considered adaptations topredator avoidance. The prey populations of copepods, mainly protozoa(ciliates) and phytoplankton, may be influenced by copepod predation tovarying degrees. The highly variable morphology and the population dynamics(e.g., bloom formation) of the most important phytoplankton prey populations(diatoms, dinoflagellates) suggest that predation plays a secondary role incontrolling their dynamics; availability of light and nutrients as well ascoagulation and sedimentation appear generally to be more important. Thelimited morphological variation of planktonic ciliates, the well developedpredator perception and escape capability of some species, and the oftenresource-unlimited in situ growth rates of ciliates, on the other hand,suggest that copepod predation is important for the dynamics of theirpopulations. I finally examine the implications of mesozooplankton activityfor plankton food webs, particularly their role in retarding vertical fluxesand, thus, the loss of material from the euphotic zone.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003173721751
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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