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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (702)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (594)
  • 1980-1984  (1.296)
  • 1983  (1.296)
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  • 1980-1984  (1.296)
Jahr
  • 101
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    A dynamical basis for crustal deformation and seismotectonic block movements in central Europe (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The stress field in the earth's crust as inferred from satellite gravity data causes crustal deformation and seismotectonic block movements in central Europe. The satellite-determined stresses in the crust of central Europe are consistent with earthquake focal mechanisms, joint-orientation and in situ stress measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors (ISSN 0031-9201); 32; May 1983
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  • 102
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    Is there any chlorine monoxide in the stratosphere? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A ground-based search for stratospheric 35-ClO was carried out using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer in the solar absorption mode. Lines due to stratospheric HNO3 and tropospheric OCS were detected at about 0.2 percent absorptance levels, but the expected 0.1 percent lines of ClO in this same region were not seen. We find that stratospheric ClO is at least a factor of seven less abundant than is indicated by in situ measurements, and we set an upper limit of 2.3 x 10 to the 13th molecules/sq cm at the 95 percent confidence level for the integrated vertical column density of ClO. Our results imply that the release of chlorofluorocarbons may be significantly less important for the destruction of stratospheric ozone (O3) than is currently thought. Previously announced in STAR as N83-27518
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 15
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  • 103
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    Petrological evolution of the crust and mantle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An examination is undertaken of the sources of data for the study of terrestrial crust and mantle evolution. The two interrelated approaches to this task involve, on the one hand, the interpretation of data from available materials, and on the other the modeling of expected processes and their products from experimental and theoretical arguments. The former is presently considered in light of the evidence for additions to the crust noted in the study of igneous activity and, possibly, of metasomatism, in the evidence found for fractionation in the mantle through the study of igneous activity and mantle xenoliths, in the evidence for recycling of material both within the crust and through return of crust to the mantle, and in the evidence provided by other planetary bodies.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; July 198
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  • 104
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    Magnetic anomalies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The implications and accuracy of anomaly maps produced using Magsat data on the scalar and vector magnetic field of the earth are discussed. Comparisons have been made between the satellite maps and aeromagnetic survey maps, showing smoother data from the satellite maps and larger anomalies in the aircraft data. The maps are being applied to characterize the structure and tectonics of the underlying regions. Investigations are still needed regarding the directions of magnetization within the crust and to generate further correlations between anomaly features and large scale geological structures. Furthermore, an increased data base is recommended for the Pacific Ocean basin in order to develop a better starting model for Pacific tectonic movements. The Pacific basin was large farther backwards in time and subduction zones surround the basin, thereby causing difficulties for describing the complex break-up scenario for Gondwanaland.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; April 19
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  • 105
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    Status of the geopotential (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Satellite laser ranging, satellite altimetry, and improved measurements of surface gravitational anomalies have broadened the data base on intermediate and short wavelength regions of the earth gravity field. The global data set served to develop new geopotential models with a resolution in spherical harmonics out to degree 180. The resolution was made possible using Seasat altimetry data containing 56,761 values of 1 x 1 deg gravity anomalies. Satellite-to-satellite tracking techniques involving the Geos-3 and Apollo spacecraft data for the sea surface temperature have yielded accurate intermediate wavelength gravity variations which correlate well with residual depth anomalies. Oceanic gravity anomalies have been computed directly from satellite altimetry or through statistical estimation using oceanic geoid heights. The data sets for gravimetric geoids have been compared with altimetric surfaces to identify areas which were of interest for geophysical investigation. Future data sets could become available from a proposed satellite-to-satellite Doppler tracking system (Gravsat) launched by NASA.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; April 19
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  • 106
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    Submillimeter detection of stratospheric OH and further line assignments in the stratospheric emission spectrum (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Hydroxyl radical has been identified in submillimeter stratospheric emission spectra measured with an unapodized resolution of 0.0033 per cm. Many features due to vibrationally excited ozone have also been detected. The contribution to the submillimeter atmospheric spectrum of NO, NO2, and HBr is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves (ISSN 0195-9271); 4; May 1983
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  • 107
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    Data on total and spectral solar irradiance (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a brief survey of the data available on solar constant and extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance. The spectral distribution of solar radiation at ground surface, computed from extraterrestrial solar spectral irradiance for several air mass values and for four levels of atmospheric pollution, is also presented. The total irradiance at ground level is obtained by integration of the area under the spectral irradiance curves. It is significant that, as air mass increases or as turbidity increases, the amount of energy in the infrared relative to the total increases and that the energy in the UV and visible decreases.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Applied Optics (ISSN 0003-6935); 22; May 1
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  • 108
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    The plasmaspheric electric field as measured by ISEE 1 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The electrodynamics of the plasmasphere has been a topic of considerable interest. Models predict a space charge buildup, or Alfven layer, at the inner edge of the ring current which opposes the dawn-dusk convection electric field in the magnetosphere and thus shields the plasmasphere from the convection electric field. The current study has the objective to present data from the ISEE 1 double cylindrical probe instrument. All measurements reported were made in the plasmasphere with electron densities of the order of 30-50 or greater per cu cm. The average electric field pattern for quiet conditions is found to be qualitatively consistent with previous average results from whistler measurements and radar backscattering measurements. The magnitudes and gross patterns are in qualitative agreement with representative ionospheric dynamo models. The basic convective flow vectors from the penetration of the magnetospheric electric field tend to follow contours which are parallel to those of the average plasmapause boundary on the nightside.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; May 1
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  • 109
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    Observations of large magnetospheric electric fields during the onset phase of a substorm (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An auroral substorm is a highly transient process which is triggered on auroral L shells and leads to an abrupt change of state in the nightside magnetosphere. Direct measurements of electric fields in the outer magnetosphere are of critical importance to understand the processes involved in sudden substorm enhancements. Shepard et al. (1980) reported direct measurements of electric fields from the GEOS 2 satellite at equatorial latitudes which showed 15 mV/m westward inductive electric fields in association with tail collapses. Similar direct electric field measurements of the westward inductive electric field at low latitudes from the ISEE 1 satellite during the onset phase of an auroral substorm are reported in the present investigation. The observations show a rapid inward magnetic field (westward electric field) motion near midnight at low or equatorial latitudes simultaneous with the sudden onset of auroral substorm enhancements near the foot of the satellite field line.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; May 1
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  • 110
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    The Delta band dissociation of nitric oxide - A potential mechanism for coupling thermospheric variations to the mesosphere and stratosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Depletion of solar radiation at discrete wavelengths by nitric oxide has a significant impact on the dissociation rate of this gas in the delta(0, 0) and delta(1, 0) bands. Inclusion of the opacity provided by a typical NO profile reduces the dissociation rate in the upper stratosphere to 50-75 pct of that predicted when the optical depth calculation omits this contribution. A substantial fraction of the NO column abundance as measured near the stratopause resides in the lower thermosphere where correlations of NO with solar and magnetic activity are well documented. Variations in the thermospheric NO abundance therefore modulate the radiation field at the precise wavelengths absorbed by this molecule in the mesosphere and upper stratosphere. Predicted changes in the dissociation rate arising from a varying thermospheric opacity exceed 8 pct throughout the mesosphere and reach 15 pct between 65 km and 95 km.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 111
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    Evidence for quasi-periodic components in Dobson network total ozone records (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Power spectrum analysis has been applied to the total ozone time series at each of a sample of Dobson stations with records of more than 15 years in the interval 1957 to 1981. The distributions of strongly periodic or quasiperiodic signals in these spectral estimates, for three spectral estimators and two levels of confidence, show distinct features. These appear at the previously known or suspected periods of 3.5-4.0 years, 27 months, and 21 months as well as the previously unreported period of 11.5 months. Possible geophysical implications are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 112
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    The distribution and annual cycle of ozone in the upper stratosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Study of the global distribution of upper stratospheric ozone derived from backscatter ultraviolet (BUV/SBUV) instruments on the Nimbus 4 and 7 satellites reveals the following characteristics for the period June 1970 May 1972 plus portions of 1978 and 1979. At pressures less than 5 mbar a local midlatitude maximum in the ozone mixing ratio develops in autumn and persists through the winter season in both hemispheres. However, by a pressure of 10 mbar the seasonal trend has reversed, with midlatitude summer values exceeding those in winter. The largest ozone mixing ratios in a global sense occur at tropical latitudes between pressures of 7 and 9 mbar. The general character of this pattern repeats from year to year, although differences in detail exist, especially in winter. This interannual variability in ozone increases the difficulty in extracting small long-term trends from the available data base. The overall seasonal pattern revealed by the measurements is in accord with photochemical model predictions which include the annual variation in temperature and solar illumination.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 113
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    Lidar- and balloon-borne particle counter comparisons following recent volcanic eruptions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Balloon-borne particle counter measurements at Laramie, Wyoming (41 deg N) are used to calculate the expected lidar backscatter at 0.694 micron wavelength from July 1979 to February 1982, a period which included at least four detectable perturbations of the stratospheric aerosol layer due to volcanic eruptions. These calculations are compared with lidar measurements conducted at Garmisch-Partenkirchen (47.5 deg N) during the same period. While the agreement is generally good using only the main mode in the particle size distribution (radius about 0.07 micron) during approximately the first 6 months following a major volcanic eruption, a measured secondary mode near 1 micron radius, when included, improves the agreement. Calculations of the expected backscatter at 25-30 km reveal that substantial number of particles diffuse into this high altitude region about 7 months after a major eruption, and these particles should be taken into account when normalizing lidar at these altitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 114
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    Unusual behavior in the condensation nuclei concentration at 30 km (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The result obtained with an improved balloon-borne condensation nuclei (CN) counter that is capable of operating to altitudes of at least 30 km are presented. Of major interest is the appearance of a quasiannual variation near 30 km which could be described by a sudden concentration increase of unusually small particles occurring in the winter or spring followed by a 1- to 3-month decay period to background levels. The magnitude of the variation has increased dramatically following the recent generally high levels of volcanic activity affecting the lower stratosphere. Several potential explanations for the event are considered, but none appear entirely satisfactory or complete at the present time. The explanation with the fewest drawbacks would attribute the production of growth of the new cn to a highly supersaturated H2SO4 vapor layer generated by any one of several proposed processes in the upper high latitude stratosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 115
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    A general circulation model study of atmospheric carbon monoxide (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The carbon monoxide cycle is studied by incorporating the known and hypothetical sources and sinks in a tracer model that uses the winds generated by a general circulation model. Photochemical production and loss terms, which depend on OH radical concentrations, are calculated in an interactive fashion. The computed global distribution and seasonal variations of CO are compared with observations to obtain constraints on the distribution and magnitude of the sources and sinks of CO, and on the tropospheric abundance of OH. The simplest model that accounts for available observations requires a low latitude plant source of about 1.3 x 10 to the 15th g/yr, in addition to sources from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and oxidation of methane. The globally averaged OH concentration calculated in the model is 750,000/cu cm. Models that calculate globally averaged OH concentrations much lower than this nominal value are not consistent with the observed variability of CO. Such models are also inconsistent with measurements of CO isotopic abundances, which imply the existence of plant sources.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; April 20
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  • 116
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    Condensation nuclei events at 30 km and possible influences of solar cosmic rays (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Two recent observations have provided the basis for study of a relationship between solar activity and the formation of small particles in the earth's atmosphere; the discovery of annual increases of condensation nuclei (CN) at 30 km and the detection of sulfuric acid molecules in large negative ion clusters in the 25-35-km altitude region. These observations have led to formulation and testing of a model wherein CN are formed in a 'polar cloud chamber' supersaturated with sulfuric acid vapor and triggered by ionization associated with solar flare cosmic radiation. It is concluded that such a model provides a potential explanation of the observations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 302; April 7
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  • 117
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    The newfoundland basin - Ocean-continent boundary and Mesozoic seafloor spreading history (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is pointed out that over the past 15 years there has been considerable progress in the refinement of predrift fits and seafloor spreading models of the North Atlantic. With the widespread acceptance of these basic models has come increasing interest in resolution of specific paleogeographic and kinematic problems. Two such problems are the initial position of Iberia with respect to North America and the geometry and chronology of early (pre-80 m.y.) relative motions between these two plates. The present investigation is concerned with geophysical data from numerous Bedford Institute/Dalhousie University cruises to the Newfoundland Basin which were undrtaken to determine the location of the ocean-continent boundary (OCB) and the Mesozoic spreading history on the western side. From the examination of magnetic data in the Newfoundland Basin, the OCB east of the Grand Banks is defined as the seaward limit of the 'smooth' magnetic domain which characterizes the surrounding continental shelves. A substantial improvement in Iberia-North America paleographic reconstructions is achieved.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 62; 3, Ma; March 19
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  • 118
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    Slope-induced errors in radar altimetry over continental ice sheets (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Altimeter measurements of ranges to modelled irregular surfaces are simulated and two correction schemes are used to reconstruct the modelled surfaces from the simulated data. When the cross-track slope is negligible, the problem can be treated as two-dimensional and the relocation method is preferred to the slope correction method. In a two-dimensional test case, 85 percent of the slope-induced rms error was removed by the relocation method. The mean error along profiles of about 75 km or longer is usually reduced more than the rms error. An alternative slope correction scheme, which uses the local slope to calculate the expected error, is less effective in the two-dimensional case. Over a simulated three-dimensional surface, where groundtracks are widely spaced and cross-track slopes are significant, the slope-correction method must be used in at least the cross-track direction.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 119
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    Analysis and retracking of continental ice sheet radar altimeter waveforms (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Seasat-1 radar altimeter data set acquired over both the Antarctic and Greenland continental ice sheets is analyzed to obtain corrected ranges to the ice surface. The radar altimeter functional response over the continental ice sheets is considerably more complex than over the oceans. Causal factors identified in this complicated response include sloping surfaces, undulating ice surfaces with characteristic wavelengths on the same spatial scale as the altimeter beam-limited footprint, off-track reflections, and dynamic lag of the altimeter tracking circuit. Retracking methods using the altimeter return pulse waveforms give range corrections that are typically several meters. The entire set of Seasat-1 altimetry over the continental ice sheets is being retracked by fitting a multi-parameter function to each waveform. Many waveforms have double ramps indicating near-normal reflections from two distinct portions of the ice surface within the altimeter beam. Two independent range measurements differing by less than 25 m are obtained from retracking the double-ramp waveforms.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 120
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    Surface elevation contours of Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Preliminary results from Seasat radar altimetry over Antarctica north of 72 deg S and Greenland south of 72 deg N are presented. Surface elevations of the ice sheets, obtained from computer retracking of the radar altimeter waveforms, are contoured at 50-m intervals for Greenland and at 100-m intervals for Antarctica. Elevation differences at orbital crossover points are analyzed to obtain a precision of 1.9 m; this figure is partly determined by radial errors of approximately 1.0 m in orbital determination and partly by noise due to ice surface irregularities. Adjustment of the radial components of the orbits to minimize the differences in elevations at crossovers over a small, relatively flat region reduces the rms difference to 0.25 m, which is indicative of the optimum precision obtainable over the ice sheets. However, the precision degrades as the slope of the surface or amplitude of the undulations increases, yielding an overall precision of + or - 1.6 m.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 121
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    Use of Seasat synthetic aperture radar and Landsat multispectral scanner subsystem data for Alaskan glaciology studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Three Seasat synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and three Landsat multispectral scanner subsystem (MSS) scenes of three areas of Alaska were analyzed for hydrological information. The areas were: the Dease Inlet in northern Alaska and its oriented or thaw lakes, the Ruth and Tokositna valley glaciers in south central Alaska, and the Malaspina piedmont glacier on Alaska's southern coast. Results for the first area showed that the location and identification of some older remnant lake basins were more easily determined in the registered data using an MSS/SAR overlay than in either SAR or MSS data alone. Separately, both SAR and MSS data were useful for determination of surging glaciers based on their distinctive medial moraines, and Landsat data were useful for locating the glacier firn zone. For the Malaspina Glacier scenes, the SAR data were useful for locating heavily crevassed ice beneath glacial debris, and Landsat provided data concerning the extent of the debris overlying the glacier.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 28
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  • 122
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    Location and source of ionospheric high latitude troughs (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The global extent of the high-latitude troughs from altitudes between approximately 400 and 1100 km are explored using ion composition measurements from the satellite OGO 6. The trough locations are compared with prominent magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling signatures in order to understand the source and controlling mechanisms for these plasma depletions. It is found that, on the average, the troughs at all local times are in the vicinity of the auroral oval and move equatorward in response to increasing magnetic activity. The average trough location is compared with the average polar cap boundary as defined by the convection electric field reversal and the electron trapping boundary, as well as with the maximum horizontal magnetic disturbance associated with the large-scale field-aligned currents. It is concluded that the troughs are mainly the result of enhanced chemical O(+) losses in regions having high convection velocities.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 31; Jan. 198
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  • 123
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    Experimental evidence for the acceleration of thermal electrons by ion cyclotron waves in the magnetosphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Experimental evidence is presented for the acceleration of thermal electrons by large amplitude ion cyclotron waves (ICWs). The wave power in the ULF range near the helium gyrofrequency is compared with the distribution function of low energy electrons measured by GEOS satellite instruments. This comparison shows that electrons are accelerated near the geomagnetic equator along field lines, at times when the ICW energy is large and the cold plasma density is below a threshold value. It is suggested that these accelerated electrons can account for the ELF emissions, modulated at the ICW frequency, observed by Wehrlin (1981). A very efficient acceleration of thermal electrons along field lines results from other ULF events having frequencies close to the proton gyrofrequency. Evidence for this lies in the fact that medium energy protons having large temperature anisotropies in the 100-500 eV range are responsible for the ICW wave generation.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Feb. 1
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  • 124
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    Geodynamics of the Baikal-Stanovoy seismic belt (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The convection generated tensional stress field in the earth, as inferred from satellite gravity data, reveals an anomalous lens of upwelling mantle rocks under the Baikal rift zone. The point of no strain at 56 deg N 116 deg E forms a seismic gap along the Baikal-Stanovoy seismic belt. East of this point, the stress field changes from extension to compression. Therefore, the position of no strain at the eastern termination of the rift accounts for the dying-out of the rift zone and for the appearance of a compressive structure in the Stanovoy Range.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors; 31; Jan. 198
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  • 125
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    The origins of Birkeland currents (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Fundamental observations and zero-order theories for Birkeland currents are employed, together with recent observational data, to formulate a first-order model for the currents. Five categories of Birkeland currents are detailed, including region 1 current sheets which follow the auroral oval, region 2 currents with opposite polarity forming on the equatorward side, cusp currents poleward of region 1, currents appearing after extended periods of the interplanetary magnetic field, and a three-layer overlap of current sheets in the Harang discontinuity. The region 1 currents near noon are found to be driven by the interplanetary electric field on open field lines, while away from noon the inner edge of the plasma sheet is the source. Charge separation drives the region 2 currents, and neutralization is effected in the ionosphere. The magnetopause is concluded to be an insignificant factor for the Birkeland currents. Convection reversal is predicted to occur in the region 1 interior. Finally, four lobed polar electric fields are considered to be generated by the boundary layer dynamo, and indicate a closed magnetospheric configuration.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 21; Feb. 198
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    MAP/GLOBUS campaign 1983 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The major scientific objectives of the campaign are the accurate measurement of ozone and its short-term variability together with the determination of members of the NO sub x family as NO, NO2, NO3, N2O5, and HNO3. Related important solar fluxes (including scattered fluxes) shall be measured as much as possible. Other important trace species (as H2O) shall be determined simultaneously. The detailed scientific objectives for the ozone and NO sub x measurements are given. A further scientific objective is the study of atmospheric dynamics, especially of the meteorological background. Therefore special analysis will be performed of the data of respective network stations and satellites. Local wind and turbulence measurements will also be performed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 8; p 17-43
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  • 127
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    MSG-7: Molecular absorption processes related to the penetration of ultraviolet solar radiation into the middle atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The information presently available on the absorption cross sections of O2 and O3 with attention to the application of these data in middle atmospheric science is reviewed. The cross sections values reported by different groups are intercompared in tabular form where feasible, and specific values are recommended when there is a basis for preferring a particular set of results over other available data. When no such basis exists, the differences among published cross sections then serve to indicate a range of uncertainty. In these cases the need for additional work is indicated. Specific topics addressed are the absorption of molecular oxygen at Lyman alpha, in the Schumann-Runge continuum, in the Schumann-Runge bands, and in the Herzberg continuum. For ozone, the Hartley and Huggins bands are considered.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Vol. 8; p 53-74
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  • 128
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    The magma budget of Volcan Arenal, Costa Rica from 1968 to 1980 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The magma volume emitted by Volcan Arenal, Costa Rica, has been calculated to be 304 x 10 to the 6th cu m. A near-continuous rise from very deep within the crust is proposed as an explanation for Arenal's magma supply, and the long-term seismic pattern is interpreted as individual batches of magma using previously fractured pathways. During a break in activity (1973) the effusion site moved from Crater A to Crater C, approximately 400 m higher. It is maintained that the steady downward tilting of the volcano's summit was caused by the loading of the volcano's western side by about 19 x 10 to the 6th cu m of lava. Also noted is the abrupt decrease in effusion rate compatible with the increased magmatic head needed to reach Crater C. It is concluded that the constancy of magma composition and effusion rate from 1974 to 1980 indicates a homogeneous magma reservoir.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (ISSN 0377-0273); 19; 281-302
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  • 129
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    The Geopotential Research Mission - Mapping the near earth gravity and magnetic fields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Geopotential Research Mission (GRM), NASA's low-level satellite system designed to measure the gravity and magnetic fields of the earth, and its objectives are described. The GRM will consist of two, Shuttle launched, satellite systems (300 km apart) that will operate simultaneously at a 160 km circular-polar orbit for six months. Current mission goals include mapping the global geoid to 10 cm, measuring gravity-field anomalies to 2 mgal with a spatial resolution of 100 km, detecting crustal magnetic anomalies of 100 km wavelength with 1 nT accuracy, measuring the vectors components to + or - 5 arc sec and 5 nT, and computing the main dipole or core field to 5 nT with a 2 nT/year secular variation detection. Resource analysis and exploration geology are additional applications considered.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 130
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    The El Chichon volcanic cloud - An introduction (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Background information on the El Chichon volcanic cloud is provided, and coordinated observational campaigns designed to investigate the El Chichon cloud are described. An introduction is then given to the set of papers about the El Chichon cloud in Geophysical Research Letters, volume 10, number 11. Topics discussed include in situ measurements of the size distribution of the volcanic aerosols, high resolution size measurements, the spatial and temporal evolution of the cloud, and the optical properties of the cloud.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 989-992
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  • 131
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    A two-dimensional model simulation of the EL Chichon volcanic eruption cloud (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Using a two-dimensional model of sulfate photochemistry, transport, and aerosol microphysics, a 2-year period following the eruptions of El Chichon have been simulated. Present calculations suggest that the residence time of the cloud in the stratosphere exceeds 2 years. The model reproduces the observed optical depth, lidar backscatter, and infrared extinction coefficients, if about 10 megatonnes of SO2 are injected. The major deficiency of the model is a somewhat too rapid transport.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1053-105
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  • 132
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    El Chichon volcanic ash in the stratosphere - Particle abundances and size distributions after the 1982 eruption (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Volcanic ash particles collected from the stratosphere after the March/April, 1982 explosive eruption of El Chichon volcano, Mexico, were mostly 2-40 micron vesicular shards of silicic volcanic glass that varied in abundance, at 16.8-19.2 km altitude, from 200 per cu m (30-49 deg N lat.) in May to 1.3 per cu m (45-75 deg N) in October. At the minimum, the ash cloud covered latitudes 10-60 deg N in July and 10 deg S-75 deg N in October. In May and July, ash particles were mostly free, individual shards (and clusters of shards) but, by October, were intimately associated with liquid droplets (presumably, sulfuric acid). In May 1982, the total stratospheric burden of ash was at least 240 tons (2.2 x 10 to the 8th g) although the total ash injected into the stratosphere by the eruption was probably 480-8400 tons.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1033-103
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  • 133
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    Spectroscopic measurements of the 8- to 13-micrometer transmission of the upper atmosphere following the El Chichon eruptions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Infrared transmission spectra of the atmosphere above 11-km altitude were obtained at latitudes from 2 deg S to 50 deg N in December 1982. A circular variable-interference filter spectrometer mounted in a Convair 990 (the Galileo II) aircraft was used to obtain spectra of the sun through different air masses. Comparisons of spectra through different air masses provide atmospheric transmission measurements that show not only normal absorption features, such as those from CO2 and O3, but also additional absorption near 8.5 microns consistent with H2SO4 aerosols. The average fractional absorption from latitude 10 deg N to 41 deg N at 8.5 microns was 0.02/air mass, half of which was attributable to aerosols.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1009-101
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  • 134
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    Size-specific composition of aerosols in the El Chichon volcanic cloud (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A NASA U-2 research aircraft flew sampling missions in April, May, July, November, and December 1982 aimed at obtaining in situ data in the stratospheric cloud produced from the March-April 1982 El Chichon eruptions. Post flight analyses provided information on the aerosol composition and morphology. The particles ranged in size from smaller than 0.05 m to larger than 20 m diameter and were quite complex in composition. In the April, May, and July samples the aerosol mass was dominated by magmatic and lithic particles larger than about 3 m. The submicron particles consisted largely of sulfuric acid. Halite particles, believed to be related to a salt dome beneath El Chichon, were collected in the stratosphere in April and May. On the July 23 flight, copper-zinc oxide particles were collected. In July, November, and December, in addition to the volcanic ash and acid particles, carbon-rich particles smaller than about 0.1 m aerodynamic diameter were abundant.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1041-104
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  • 135
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    United States crustal thickness (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: The thickness of the crust, the thickness of the basal (intermediate or lower) crustal layer, and the average velocity at the top of the mantle have been mapped using all available deep-penetrating seismic-refraction profiles in the conterminous United States and surrounding border areas. These profiles are indexed to their literature data sources. The more significant long wavelength anomalies on the three maps are briefly discussed and analyzed. An attempt to use Bouguer gravity to validate mantle structure was inconclusive.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Tectonophysics (ISSN 0040-1951); 93; 13-31
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  • 136
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    Recent advances in numerical simulation of space-plasma-physics problems (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Computer simulations have become an increasingly popular, important and insightful tool for studying space plasmas. This review describes MHD and particle simulations, both of which treat the plasma and the electromagnetic field in which it moves in a self consistent fashion but on drastically different spatial and temporal scales. The complementary roles of simulation, observations and theory are stressed. Several examples of simulations being carried out in the area of magnetospheric plasma physics are described to illustrate the power, potential and limitations of the approach.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: ESA Journal (ISSN 0379-2285); 7; 4, 19
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  • 137
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    Relationships between mineralization and silicic volcanism in the central Andes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Existing models for the genesis of porphyry copper deposits indicate that they formed in granodioritic stocks located in the infrastructure of andesitic stratovolcanoes. It is noted that sites of porphyry-type subvolcanic tin mineralization in the Eastern Cordillera of Bolivia are distinguished by the absence of such andesitic structures. The surface expression of a typical subvolcanic porphyry tin deposit is thought to be an extrusive dome of quartz latite porphyry, sometimes related to a larger caldera structure. Evidence from the El Salvador porphyry copper deposit in the Eocene magmatic belt in Chile indicates that it too may be more closely related to a silicic volcanic structure than to an andesitic stratovolcano. The dome of La Soufriere, Guadeloupe is offered as a modern analog for the surface expression of subvolcanic mineralization processes, with the phreatic eruptions there indicating the formation of hydrothermal breccia bodies in depths. It is pointed out that the occurrence of mineralized porphyries, millions of years after caldera formation, does not necessarily indicate that tin intrusions and mineralization are not genetically related to the subcaldera pluton, but may be a consequence of the long thermal histories (1-10 million years) of the lowermost parts of large plutons.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research (ISSN 0377-0273); 18; 165-190
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  • 138
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    Relationship of strength of turbulence to received power (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Because of contributions due to reflection, the determination of the turbulence refractive index structure constant may be affected. For pure scattering from turbulence in the inertial subrange, the radar echo power can be used to calculate the refractive index structure constant. The radar power is determined by a convolution integral. If the antenna beam is swung to sufficiently large off-zenith angles ( 12.5 deg) so that a quasi-isotropic response from the tail ends of the Gaussian angular distribution can be anticipated, the evaluation of the convolution integral depends only on the known antenna pattern of the radar. This procedure, swinging the radar beam to attenuate the reflected component, may be called angular or direction filtering. The tilted antenna also may be pick up reflected components from near the zenith through the sidelobes. This can be tested by the evaluation of the correlation function. This method applies a time domain filtering of the intensity time series but needs a very careful selection of the high pass filters.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Intern. Council Sci. Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 302-303
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  • 139
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    Determination of vertical and horizontal wavelengths of gravity waves (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The determination of horizontal and vertical wavelengths of gravity waves obviously relies on measurement of wave parameters in horizontal and vertical directions. A very suitable parameter, measured fairly easily with MST radars, is the fluid velocity. Average velocities and superimposed turbulent fluctuations are much larger in the horizontal than in the vertical direction. Vertical and horizontal fluid velocities due to wave-like events are mostly about equal in magnitude. Vertical fluid velocities due to waves therefore can be more reliably detected than horizontal velocities. Estimates of gravity wave events using MST radar data are calculated and results are indicated.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 262-268
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  • 140
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    Radar observations of inertial period waves in the lower stratosphere over Arecibo (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Several hundred hours of wind velocity measurements made with the Arecibo 430-MHz radar during the past few years have indicated the presence of persistent wave like structures just above the tropopause. To further investigate these structures, a nearly continuous times series of wind measurements in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere was made from May 5 to May 12, 1982 at Arecibo. Each of 16 compass points was sampled as the 430-MHz feed was rotated in a velocity azimuth display (VAD) mode at a zenith angle of 15 degrees off-vertical. Using a nonlinear least squares parameter estimation technique line of sight velocities were calculated from Doppler shifts of the received spectra. These velocities were reduced to zonal and meridional components of the wind vector; the vertical component of the wind vector will be available after further reduction.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 34
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  • 141
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    The greenstone belts of Zimbabwe (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The present configuration of the greenstone belts is explained. Three ages of granite-greenstone terrain can be recognized within the Zimbabwe Archean Craton. The oldest greenstone belt remnants constitute the volcano-sedimentary Sebakwian group dated at c. 3.5 Ga minimum on the evidence from various granites and gneisses. The more extensive, main greenstone belts comprise the dominantly volcanic Bulawayan Group and dominantly sedimentary Shamvaian Group. An unconformity within the Bulawayan Group allows its subdivision into the Lower and Upper Greenstones. The Lower Greenstones possibly form part of a granite-greenstone terrain about 2.9 Ga old. The widespread Upper Greenstones and the locally developed, unconformably overlying Shamvaian Group are about 2.7 Ga old. Two suites of late granites post-date the main greenstone belts. These comprise that tonalitic Sesombi Suite at c. 2.7 Ga and the more potashrich Chilimanzi Suite at c. 2.6 Ga.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 98
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  • 142
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    Archean crust-mantle geochemical differentiation (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Isotope measurements on carbonatite complexes and komatiites can provide information on the geochemical character and geochemical evolution of the mantle, including the sub-continental mantle. Measurements on young samples establish the validity of the method. These are based on Sr, Nd and Pb data from the Tertiary-Mesozoic Gorgona komatiite and Sr and Pb data from the Cretaceous Oka carbonatite complex. In both cases the data describe a LIL element-depleted source similar to that observed presently in MORB. Carbonatite data have been used to study the mantle beneath the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield one billion years (1 AE) ago. The framework for this investigation was established by Bell et al., who showed that large areas of the province appear to be underlain by LIL element-depleted mantle (Sr-85/Sr-86=0.7028) at 1 AE ago. Additionally Bell et al. found four complexes to have higher initial Sr ratios (Sr-87/Sr-86=0.7038), which they correlated with less depleted (bulk earth?) mantle sources, or possibly crustal contamination. Pb isotope relationships in four of the complexes have been studied by Bell et al.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 92-94
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  • 143
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    Metamorphic fluids and uplift-erosion history of a portion of the Kapuskasing structural zone, Ontario, as deduced from fluid inclusions (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Fluid inclusions can be used to determine the compositional evolution of fluids present in high grade metamorphic rocks (Touret, 1979) along with the general P-T path followed by the rocks during uplift and erosion (Hollister et al., 1979). In this context, samples of high grade gneisses from the Kapuskasing structural zone (KSZ, Fig. 1) of eastern Ontario were studied in an attempt to define the composition of syn- and post-metamorphic fluids and help constrain the uplift and erosion history of the KSZ. Recent work by Percival (1980), Percival and Card (1983) and Percival and Krogh (1983) shows that the KSZ represents lower crustal granulites that form the lower portion of an oblique cross section through the Archean crust, which was up faulted along a northeast striking thrust fault. The present fluid inclusion study places constraints upon the P-T path which the KSZ followed during uplift and erosion.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Workshop on A Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 76-80
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  • 144
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    Development of the Earth's early crust: Implications from the Beartooth Mountains (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Beartooth Mountains of Montana and Wyoming are one of several major uplifts of Precambrian rocks in the northwestern of the Wyoming Province. The range is composed of a wide variety of rock types which record a complex geologic history that extends from early ( 3400 Ma) to late (approx 700 Ma) Precambrian time. The Archean geology of the range is complex and many areas remain unstudied in detail. In this discussion two areas are discussed for which there is considerable structural, geochemical and petrologic information. The easternmost portion of the range (EBT) and the northwesternmost portion, the North Snowy Block (NSB), contain rather extensive records of both early and late Archean geologic activity. These data are used to constrain a petrologic tectonic model for the development of continental crust in this area.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 61-65
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  • 145
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    Use of olivine and plagioclase saturation surfaces for the petrogenetic modeling of recrystallized basic plutonic systems (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: During petrogenetic studies of basic plutonic rocks, there are at least three major questions to be considered: (1) what were the relative proportions of cumulate crystals and intercumulus melt in a given sample? (2) what is the composition and variation in composition of the melts within the pluton? and (3) what is the original composition of the liquids, their source and evolution prior to the time of emplacement? Use of both saturation surfaces can place strong limits on the compositions of potential cumulate phases and intercumulus melts. Consideration of appropriate trace elements can indicate whether a sample is an orthocumulate, adcumulate or mesocumulate. Thus, when trace element and petrographic data are considered together with the saturation surfaces, it should be possible to begin to answer the three major questions given above, even for strongly recrystallized basic plutons.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 51
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  • 146
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    Ion microprobe zircon geochronology of the Uivak Gneisses: Implications for the evolution of early terrestrial crust in the North Atlantic Craton (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Ion microprobe U-Pb results for zircons from three Uivak I gneisses and one specimen of Uivak II gneiss, from the Saglek-Hebron area of Northern Labrador are reported. These results are compared with interpretations based on published conventional U-Pb zircon results and with conclusions about crustal evolution in the NAC derived from Rb-Sr, Sm-Nd and Pb-Pb isotopic studies.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 28-33
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  • 147
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    Average sedimentary rock rare Earth element patterns and crustal evolution: Some observations and implications from the 3800 Ma ISUA supracrustal belt, West Greenland (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Rare earth element (REE) data is given on a set of clastic metasediments from the 3800 Ma Isua Supracrustal belt, West Greenland. Each of two units from the same sedimentary sequence has a distinctive REE pattern, but the average of these rocks bears a very strong resemblance to the REE pattern for the North American Shale Composite (NASC), and departs considerably from previous estimates of REE patterns in Archaean sediments. The possibility that the source area for the Isua sediments resembled that of the NASC is regarded as highly unlikely. However, REE patterns like that in the NASC may be produced by sedimentary recycling of material yielding patterns such as are found at Isua. The results lead to the following tentative conclusions: (1) The REE patterns for Isua Seq. B MBG indicate the existence of crustal materials with fractionated REE and negative Eu anomalies at 3800 Ma, (2) The average Seq. B REE pattern resembles that of the North American Shale Composite (NASC), (3) If the Seq. B average is truly representative of its crustal sources, then this early crust could have been extensively differentiated. In this regard, a proper understanding of the NASC pattern, and its relationship to post-Archaean crustal REE reservoirs, is essential, (4) The Isua results may represent a local effect.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 38-41
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  • 148
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    An ancient depleted mantle source for Archean crust in Rajasthan, India (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Data from an initial set of Banded Gneiss Complex (BGC) east of the city of Udaipur are given. In this region the BGC comprises typical grey gneiss with variably abundant granitic and mafic components. Efforts to date were concentrated on the mafic components which, based on chemical data, appear to be metavolcanic. All samples examined were recrystallized under amphibolite or upper amphibolite facies conditions. Pertinent chemical data for a small number of amphibolites analyzed so far are: SiO2: 49-53%; MgO: 5.7-7.3%; K2O: 0.24-0.50%; Ni: 106-140 ppm; Zr: 37-159 ppm. From Sm/Nd data, all amphibolites show small to moderate LREE enrichments.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 55-56
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    On the extraction of atmospheric turbulence parameters from radar backscatter Doppler spectra. Part 1: Theory (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A theory is developed for the extraction of r.m.s. velocities of scatterer motions from spectra measured with a Doppler backscatter radar. The effects of finite beam-widths, finite pulse lengths, beam broadening, shear broadening, and the other such spectral contaminants are considered. It is shown that these contaminants can play a major role in determining the measured spectral widths (and, equivalently, the signal fading time), and so must be properly considered if the spectral widths are to be used to extract the r.m.s. motions of the scatterers. It is also shown that these r.m.s. motions can be used to estimate turbulence intensities, in those cases where turbulence is the dominant cause of the scatterer motions.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Intern. Council Sci. Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 304
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  • 150
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    Ionospheric limitations to time transfer by satellite (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The ionosphere can contribute appreciable group delay and phase change to radio signals traversing it; this can constitute a fundamental limitation to the accuracy of time and frequency measurements using satellites. Because of the dispersive nature of the ionosphere, the amount of delay is strongly frequency-dependent. Ionospheric compensation is necessary for the most precise time transfer and frequency measurements, with a group delay accuracy better than 10 nanoseconds. A priori modeling is not accurate to better than 25%. The dual-frequency compensation method holds promise, but has not been rigorously experimentally tested. Irregularities in the ionosphere must be included in the compensation process.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Goddard Sace Flight Center Proc. of the 16th Ann. Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Appl. and Planning Meeting; p 229-245
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  • 151
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    Mesopheric turbulence intensities measured with a HF radar at 35 deg S. Part 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A theory was developed for extracting turbulence energy dissipation rates from spectra measured with a radar. It is shown that factors apart from turbulence contribute to the observed spectral widths, and that these factors must be considered if accurate estimates of energy dissipation rates are to be obtained. In particular, beam-width broadening and shear broadening are important. The first results obtained with this theory are presented. The rules were obtained using the large HF array at Adelaide, Australia, primarily during the Southern Hemisphere winter of 1981. Results are consistent with rocket measurements of turbulence, with typical values varying between 0.01 and 1/0.2 W kg at 80-90 km altitude.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Intern. Council Sci. Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 304
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  • 152
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    The relationship between strength of turbulence and backscattering radar power at HF and VHF (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The formulae relating turbulence and other atmospheric parameters to backscattered power for radar observations are reviewed. Emphasis is on the case of scatter from turbulent irregularities which have scales corresponding to the range of isotropic, inertial range turbulence. The applicability of this assumption is discussed. A formula is introduced for the mesosphere which relates ionospheric electron densities to backscattered power.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 289-301
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  • 153
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    Baroclinic instability in the stratosphere and mesosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The energy source of stratospheric planetary waves is largely due to vertical propagation from the troposphere, but the stratospheric zonal mean state which changes with time is not stable against small perturbations, whereby transient perturbation waves are generated at the expense of the stratospheric zonal mean available potential energy. This theoretical conclusion is obtained based on the quasi-geostrophic model in spherical coordinates which calculates the characteristic solutions for the basic zonal mean state changing with time.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 35
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  • 154
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    Meteorological and dynamical requirements for MST radar networks: Waves (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Studies of wave motions using the MST radar have concentrated on single station time series analyses of gravity waves and tides. Since these radars collect high time resolution data they have the potential to become a significant tool for mesoscale research. In addition, radars are operated almost continuously unattended and, consequently, data sets are available for analyzing longer period wave motions such as tides and planetary scale waves. Although there is much to learn from single station data, the possibilities of new knowledge from a network of radars is exciting. The scales of wave motions in the atmosphere cover a broad range. Consequently the choice of a radar network depends to a large extent on the types of wave motions that are studied. There are many outstanding research problems that would benefit from observations from a MST radar network. In particular, there is a strong need for measurements of gravity wave parameters and equatorial wave motions. Some of the current problems in wave dynamics are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 30-33
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  • 155
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    The Archean crust in the Wawa-Chapleau-Timmins region. A field guidebook prepared for the 1983 Archean Geochemistry-Early Crustal Genesis Field Conference (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: This guidebook describes the characteristics and interrelationships of Archean greenstone-granite and high-grade gneiss terrains of the Superior Province. A 300-km long west to east transect between Wawa and Timmins, Ontario will be used to illustrate regional-scale relationships. The major geological features of the Superior Province are described.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 98-169
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  • 156
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    Granitic rocks and metasediments in Archean crust, Rainy Lake area, Ontario: ND isotope evidence for mantle-like SM/ND sources (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Granitoids, felsic volcanic rocks and clastic metasediments are typical rocks in Archean granite-greenstone belts that could have formed from preexisting continentasl crust. The petrogenesis of such rocks is assessed to determine the relative roles of new crust formation or old crust formation or old crust recycling in the formation of granite-greenstone belts.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 83-86
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  • 157
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    Techniques for studying gravity waves and turbulence: Horizontal, vertical and temporal resolution needed (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: One of the most important atmospheric measurements that is needed is a measure of the gravity-wave spectrum. The MST radar has been investigated as means to measure the temporal resolution required to determine gravity-wave oscillations. The required vertical and horizontal resolution is dependent on the particular part of the gravity wave spectrum that is analyzed. Horizontal spacing is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 247-249
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  • 158
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    Two-dimensional Finite Element Modeling for Modeling Tectonic Stress and Strain (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2014-09-12
    Beschreibung: Techniques of finite element analysis in two dimensional plane strain were applied to problems of geophysics and tectonics. More specifically, the flexibility of the finite element method was employed to address problems involving geological complexity and fault interactions. The modeling of effective anisotropy in material elastic properties proved useful in describing the deformation of faulted crustal blocks. The applications of this modeling work to problems of actual tectonics in southern California was explored. Preliminary models show encouraging agreement with measured tectonic strain in this region, and modeling work was done to gain an understanding of the stress state in a locked fault region with future seismic potential.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 188-201
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  • 159
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    A study of the charged particle calibration requirements for the Deep Space Network (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: A study made of the Deep Space Network charged particle calibration requirements is discussed. The effects of charged particles on navigation and timing systems were reviewed and it was proposed that a system based upon the Global Positioning System satellites be used to measure the charged particle content of the ionosphere. The system would be required to measure the total electron content of the ionosphere to the order of 10 to the 16th power electron per square meter. Two types of systems were suggested as possible candidates for making these measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 124-131
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  • 160
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    Venus topography: Clue to hot-lithosphere tectonics? (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The topography of Venus is studied in order to learn about hot lithosphere tectonic processes of Archean Earth. Except for the difference in H2O abundances (Archaen Earth was wet; modern Venus is very dry), linear zones on Venus may be analogous to the tectonic settings for some Archean greenstone belts.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 57-60
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  • 161
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    Structural variation of proterozoic dikes in central Superior Province: A possible reflection of post-Archean shield deformation (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: Preliminary work is reported on the use of two structural parameters, dike dip and thickness, as possible depth-of-exposure indicators in the Central Superior Province. The data demonstrate systematic variations in the dip and thickness of 2.6 and 1.14 Ga. dikes across the Central Superior Province and are tentatively interpreted to result from post intrusion deformation. Combination of these results with additional structural and paleomagnetic data from dikes of all gas may permit detailed mapping both spatially and temporally of crustal deformation in this part of the Canadian Shield. Although dike dip and thickness data apparently reflect crustal exposure level as given by host rock metamorphic grade (ranging from subgreenschist to granulite), these post-orogenic dikes themselves are at most only weakly metamorphosed. This requires that regional isotherms dropped dramatically after the Kenoran orogeny (2.65 Ga.) and prior to emplacement of the earlist post-orogenic swarm (Matachewan-Hearst) at 2.6 Ga.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 42-46
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  • 162
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    Sm-Nd isotopic systematics of the ancient Gneiss complex, southern Africa (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: In order to shed some new light on the question of the absolute and relative ages of the Ancient Gneiss Complex and Onverwacht Group, a Sm-Nd whole-rock and mineral isochron study of the AGC was begun. At this point, the whole-rock study of samples from the Bimodal Suite selected from those studied for their geochemical characteristics by Hunter et al., is completed. These results and their implications for the chronologic evolution of the Kaapvaal craton and the sources of these ancient rocks are discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 24-27
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  • 163
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    Equatorial MST radars: Further consideration (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The results presented give additional support to the need of equatorial MST radars in order to obtain more information on the nature of equatorial waves in the MST region. Radar deduced winds such as obtained at Jicamarca for periods of months indicate that with these data the full range of equatorial waves, with time scales of seconds to years, can be studied.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: International Council of Scientific Unions Middle Atmosphere Program, Vol. 9; p 36-39
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  • 164
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    The Pikwitonei granulite domain: A lower crustal level along the Churchill-Superior boundary in central Manitoba (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The greenschist to amphibolite facies tonalite-greenstone terrain of the Gods Lake subprovince grades - in a northwesterly direction - into the granulite facies Pikwitonei domain at the western margins of the Superior Province. The transition is the result of prograde metamorphism and takes place over 50 - 100 km without any structural or lithological breaks. Locally the orthopyroxene isograd is oblique to the structural grain and transects greenstone belts, e.g., the Cross Lake belt. The greenstone belts in the granulite facies and adjacent lower grade domain consist mainly of mafic and (minor) ultramafic metavolcanics, and clastic and chemical metasedimentary rocks. Typical for the greenstone belts crossed by the orthopyroxene isograd are anorthositic gabbros and anorthosites, and plagiophyric mafic flows. The Pikwitonei granulite domain has been interpreted as to represent a lower crustal level which was uplifted to the present level of erosion. On the basis of gravimetric data this uplift has been modelled as an obduction onto the Churchill Province during the Hudsonian orogeny, similar to the Ivrea Zone. The fault between the Churchill and Superior Province is described.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 95-97
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  • 165
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    Continental crustal composition and lower crustal models (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The composition of the upper crust is well established as being close to that of granodiorite. The upper crustal composition is reflected in the uniform REE abundances in shales which represent an homogenization of the various REE patterns. This composition can only persist to depths of 10-15 km, for heat flow and geochemical balance reasons. The composition of the total crust is model dependent. One constraint is that it should be capable of generating the upper granodioritic (S.L.) crust by partial melting within the crust. This composition is based on the andesite model, which assumes that the total crust has grown by accretion of island arc material. A representation of the growth rate of the continental crust is shown. The composition of the lower crust, which comprises 60-80% of the continental crust, remains a major unknown factor for models of terrestrial crustal evolution. Two approaches are used to model the lower crust.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 87-91
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  • 166
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    Clastic sedimentary rocks of the Michipicoten Volcanic-sedimentary belt, Wawa, Ontario (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2016-06-07
    Beschreibung: The Wawa area, part of the Michipicoten greenstone belt, contains rock assemblages representative of volcanic sedimentary accumulations elsewhere on the shield. Three mafic to felsic metavolcanic sequences and cogenetic granitic rocks range in age from 2749 + or - 2Ma to 2696 + or - 2Ma. Metasedimentary rocks occur between the metavolcanic sequences. The total thickness of the supracrustal rocks may be 10,000 m. Most rocks have been metamorphosed under greenschist conditions. The belt has been studied earlier and is currently being remapped by Sage. The sedimentrologic work has been briefly summarized; two mainfacies associations of clastic sedimentary rocks are present - a Resedimented (Turbidite) Facies Association and a Nonmarine (Alluvial Fan Fluvial) Facies Association.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Lunar and Planetary Inst. Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust; p 66-70
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  • 167
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    Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling. Evaluation number 6 (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Evaluated sets of rate constants and photochemical cross sections are presented. The primary application of the data is in the modeling of stratospheric processes, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthropogenic and natural phenomena.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-CR-175564 , JPL-PUB-83-62 , NAS 1.26:175564
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  • 168
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    Large-scale, near-Earth, magnetic fields from external sources and the corresponding induced internal field (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Data from MAGSAT analyzed as a function of the Dst index to determine the first degree/order spherical harmonic description of the near-Earth external field and its corresponding induced field. The analysis was done separately for data from dawn and dusk. The MAGSAT data was compared with POGO data. A local time variation of the external field persists even during very quiet magnetic conditions; both a diurnal and 8-hour period are present. A crude estimate of Sq current in the 45 deg geomagnetic latitude range is obtained for 1966 to 1970. The current strength, located in the ionosphere and induced in the Earth, is typical of earlier determinations from surface data, although its maximum is displaced in local time from previous results.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-85012 , NAS 1.15:85012
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  • 169
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    Conservation laws of wave action and potential enstrophy for Rossby waves in a stratified atmosphere (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The evolution of wave energy, enstrophy, and wave motion for atmospheric Rossby waves in a variable mean flow are discussed from a theoretical and pedagogic standpoint. In the absence of mean flow gradients, the wave energy density satisfies a local conservation law, with the appropriate flow velocity being the group velocity. In the presence of mean flow variations, wave energy is not conserved, but wave action is, provided the mean flow is independent of longitude. Wave enstrophy is conserved for arbitrary variations of the mean flow. Connections with Eliassen-Palm flux are also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-86058 , NAS 1.15:86058
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  • 170
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    Multiple ion streams in the near vicinity of the Space Shuttle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Differential measurements of ion flow direction and energy during the third Space Shuttle mission have revealed the existence of ion streams in the near vicinity of the Orbiter at angles of attack as great as 50 deg with respect to the ram direction and typically with 10 percent of the ram current intensity. Neither the source nor the mechanism by which these secondary ion streams were created are known at present; however, it is reasonably certain that they are not of geophysical origin, but result from the interaction of the Orbiter with its environmental ionospheric plasma. The energy of the secondary streams was observed to be very close to the ion ram energy, and they were therefore not detected by a standard planar Retarding Potential Analyzer instrument. This leaves open the question as to their existence in the vicinity of orbiting spacecraft in general. Possible connections between secondary ion streams and phenomena previously observed in the vicinity of ionospheric spacecraft are mentioned.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1215-121
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  • 171
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    Field-aligned ion beams upstream of the earth's bow shock Evidence for a magnetosheath source (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: High time resolution ISEE-1 and -2 observations of upstream field-aligned ion beams at several crossings of the earth's bow shock indicate that some beams are due to high energy magnetosheath particles leaking through the shock into the upstream region. The distribution immediately downstream of these oblique shocks consists of a 'core' of directly transmitted, slightly heated ions, plus a crescent-shaped, high-velocity distribution, centered roughly on the magnetic field in the direction toward the upstream region, with a fairly well defined low velocity cutoff.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1207-121
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  • 172
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    Anisotropies and flows of suprathermal particles in the distant magnetotail - ISEE 3 observations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The ISEE-3 spacecraft has been transferred in 1982 into an earth orbit which brings the satellite close to the tailward Lagrangian point L2 at about 220 R(E) and thus allows exploration of the distant geomagnetic tail. An initial analysis of energetic proton measurements greater than 30 keV from the Max-Planck-Institut/University of Maryland sensor system on ISEE-3 is reported. It has been found that suprathermal protons are a persistent feature of the distant tail. Differential intensitites at 30 keV are essentially constant between the lunar distance and 220 R(E) and about one order of magnitude smaller than in the near earth, or greater than about 20 R(E), plasma sheet. Assuming that these protons are convected with the local plasma flow, it is possible to derive plasma velocities. During time periods where a comparison is possible, these velocities compare favourably well with the velocities derived from the Los Alamos National Laboratory plasma analyzer on board the same spacecraft. The appearance of the plasma sheet, as evidenced by the suprathermal particles, is rather bursty. Anisotropies are large, and predominantly tailward.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1203-120
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  • 173
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    Production of nitrous oxide and consumption of methane by forest soils (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Soils in an Amazonian rainforest are observed to release N2O at a rate larger than the global mean by about a factor of 20. Emissions from a New England hardwood forest are approximately 30 times smaller then Brazilian values. Atmospheric methane is consumed by soils in both systems. Tropical forests would provide a major source of atmospheric N2O if the Brazilian results are representative.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1156-115
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  • 174
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    Equivalent source modeling of the core magnetic field using magsat data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Experiments are carried out on fitting the main field using different numbers of equivalent sources arranged in equal area at fixed radii at and inside the core-mantle boundary. In fixing the radius for a given series of runs, the convergence problems that result from the extreme nonlinearity of the problem when dipole positions are allowed to vary are avoided. Results are presented from a comparison between this approach and the standard spherical harmonic approach for modeling the main field in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. The modeling of the main field with an equivalent dipole representation is found to be comparable to the standard spherical harmonic approach in accuracy. The 32 deg dipole density (42 dipoles) corresponds approximately to an eleventh degree/order spherical harmonic expansion (143 parameters), whereas the 21 dipole density (92 dipoles) corresponds to approximately a seventeenth degree and order expansion (323 parameters). It is pointed out that fixing the dipole positions results in rapid convergence of the dipole solutions for single-epoch models.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity (ISSN 0022-1392); 35; 4 19
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  • 175
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    The 300- to 900-A spectrum of a nightside aurora (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Attention is given to the results of a satellite observation of a nightside aurora. The observations had been made with the aid of an instrument which was designed specifically to detect and to measure accurately the intensity of features in a wavelength range from 300 to 900 A. The considered data were acquired by an EUV spectrometer on the USAF STP 78-1 satellite launched on February 24, 1979. A bright, discrete auroral arc was selected for study, taking into account the intense O II, 834 A emission line as the most distinctive auroral diagnostic feature in the wavelength region from 300 to 900 A. There is found to be an excellent correspondence between most of the auroral features and the brightest O II laboratory discharge emission lines.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10247-10
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  • 176
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    A reexamination of ATS 6 magnetometer data for radially polarized Pc 3 magnetic pulsations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The polarization of Pc 3 (22-100 MHz) magnetic pulsations measured by the ATS 6 fluxgate magnetometer at synchronous orbit has been examined by using dynamic autospectral analysis. In contrast to the result obtained by Arthur et al. (1977) using the same data set, very few cases of radially polarized Pc 3 pulsations are found. It is suggested that satellite noise in the radial component, which depends on frequency f as 0.015/f (nT-squared/Hz), is responsible for this disagreement. In the presence of this type of noise, diagonalization of the spectral matrix can produce an erroneous major axis of polarization. Most Pc 3 pulsations classified as radially polarized by Arthur et al. appear to be a consequence of small amplitude azimuthal pulsations contaminated by satellite noise.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10223-10
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  • 177
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    O(1S) from dissociative recombination of O2(+) - Nonthermal line profile measurements from Dynamics Explorer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The measurements reported were made of the O(1S) emission line profile at 5577 A at high spectral resolution with the Fabry-Perot interferometer on the Dynamics Explorer spacecraft. It is found that the line profile has marked nonthermal characteristics in the nightglow. A simple collisional relaxation model is used to analyze the nighttime emission line profiles, measured in the equatorial region. The branching ratio is inferred for the dissociative recombination of O2(+) leading to O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S) + O(3P) channel by a factor of 4; this does not agree with the ratio reported by Hernandez (1971). It is noted, however, that the result is consistent with the active channel for O(1S) production being via the 1Sigma u + repulsive state of O2, as suggested by the theoretical calculations of Guberman (1983). In addition, a value is obtained for the excitation exchange cross section for O(1S).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10163-10
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  • 178
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    Multistation measurements of high-latitude ionospheric convection (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Satellite and ground-based observations of the ionospheric drift velocity taken during a MITHRAS campaign have been combined to determine instantaneous pictures of the high-latitude convection pattern. These data, taken when the interplanetary magnetic field has a relatively stable southward/away orientation, show the existence of an asymmetric convection pattern under these conditions. A stability in the high latitude convection geometry can also be seen and changes in response to magnetic disturbances are inferred. Changes in the convection pattern as the interplanetary field turns northward possibly provide some information about the nature of the magnetosphere-solar wind interaction.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: AD-A142285 , AFOSR-TR-84-0483 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10111-10
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  • 179
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    Polar cap electron densities from DE 1 plasma wave observations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Electric-field-spectum measurements from the plasma-wave instrument on the Dynamics Explorer 1 spacecraft are used to study the local electron density at high altitudes in the northern polar-cap region. The electron density is determined from the upper cutoff of whistler-mode radiation at the electron plasma frequency. Median density values over the polar cap at L greater than 10 are found to vary from 35.2 + or - 8.5 cu cm at 2.1 earth radii to 0.99 + or - 0.51 cu cm at 4.66 earth radii. The steady-state radial-outflow model is examined for consistency with the observed density profile. A power-law fit to the radial variation of the electron density yields an exponent of - 3.85 + or - 0.32, which for the radial-outflow model implies a flow velocity increasing nearly linearly with incresing radial distance. Comparison of the observed electron densities with theoretical polar-wind densities yields consistent results up to 2.8 earth radii. A comparison of the observed electron densities with low-altitude density profiles from the Alouette II and ISIS 1 spacecraft illustrates transitions in the slope of the profile at 1.16 earth radii and between 1.55 and 2.0 earth radii. The changes in the density profile suggest that changes occur in the basic radial-transport processes at these altitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10123-10
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  • 180
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    Pedersen density drift instabilities (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the linear kinetic theory of electrostatic-drift instabilities driven by Pedersen and density-drift velocities. The model uses a uniform magnetic field B; a weak, uniform density gradient in the x direction; and a weak, uniform electric field in the y direction. Weak charged-neutral collisions are represented by the addition of BGK model terms to the Vlasov equation. The resulting local dispersion equation is used to study the properties of the associated instabilities at ka(i) greater than about 1 (where k is the wave number and a(i) is the ion gyroradius). Results show that the E x B gradient drift instability at ka(i) = about 1 may grow in the auroral ionosphere primarily in the vicinity of 200 km and only if the electron density is sufficiently small.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10104-10
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  • 181
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    Comparison of the characteristics of potential drop and current-driven double layers (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The characteristics of double layers driven by an applied potential drop and by an injected current into a plasma are compared. In the latter case the potential drop across the double layer appears because of the formation of a virtual cathode. The double layers formed by the two mechanisms show striking similarities with regard to their structure, temporal evolution, and dynamics. However, in the case of current-driven double layers a large energization of ions trapped in the virtual cathode region is observed. Such a large energization of trapped ions is not seen in the case of the potential-drop driven double layers. The interrelation between the field-aligned currents and potential drops for the auroral plasma is discussed. For current-driven double layers, it is found that the current density is proportional to the 1/2 power of the potential drop.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10081-10
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  • 182
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    Emissions of second-harmonic auroral kilometric radiation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The cyclotron maser theory of Wu and Lee (1979) is used in treating second-harmonic auroral kilometric radiation (AKR). Good agreement is obtained with the ISIS 1 observation reported by Benson (1982). It is found that when the ratio of the electron plasma frequency to the electron gyrofrequency is less than 0.3, the fundamental AKR prevails over the second-harmonic AKR. When the value of this ratio is greater than or approximately equal to 0.3, the fundamental AKR may become weaker than the second-harmonic AKR, and when it is greater than 0.3 the fundamental AKR may diminish. It is also found that the second harmonic AKR with frequencies below twice the electron gyro-frequency can propagate downward.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10072-10
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  • 183
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    Cyclotron maser emission of auroral Z mode radiation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Results are presented suggesting that loss cone driven cyclotron maser emission by upgoing electrons, closely analogous to auroral kilometric radiation (AKR), may be the mechanism behind the observed Z mode radiation. With this hypothesis, the lack of a strong correlation between the Z mode radiation and AKR is not surprising; the ray paths for the X mode and the Z mode are markedly different, with the former directed upward and the latter downward. In addition, it is expected that the generation of the Z mode will be favored only in regions where the ratio of the plasma frequency to the electron cyclotron frequency is greater than or approximately equal to 0.3, that is, where the X mode radiation is suppressed. If the fraction of the radiation generated that crosses the cyclotron layer is large, then the argument in favor of the loss cone driven cyclotron maser as the source of the observed Z mode radiation is a strong one. The spatial growth rates are fairly large in comparison with those for the X mode, and there seems to be little doubt that Z mode radiation should be generated under conditions that differ only slightly from those for the generation of X mode radiation in AKR.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10065-10
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  • 184
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    A theoretical model study of observed correlations between whistler mode waves and energetic electron precipitation events in the magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A recently extended test particle computer model of the gyroresonance wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere is applied to previously reported cases of observed correlations between whistler mode waves and ionospheric responses to particle precipitation. Three different ionospheric effects, namely, X-ray bursts, photoemissions, and D region perturbations, all correlated with VLF waves and believed to be caused by precipitated particles, are considered. The precipitation flux level, the pulse shape, and the associated time delays are computed for the parameters relevant to each case and are compared with values deduced from the data. The results demonstrate that the existing theoretical model can be useful for interpreting experimental results of this kind. Furthermore, the model results and observations, used together, provide a basis for additional diagnostics of the various parameters of the cold and energetic particle distributions in the magnetosphere. For example, when applied to the observed photoemission case (Helliwell et al., 1980) the model results imply that the trapped energetic particle distribution function at the time could be modeled as proportional to E exp -n/2 with n about 3.5 to 6, where E is the particle energy.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10053-10
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  • 185
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    Three dimensional global modeling of atmospheric CO2 (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A model was developed to study the prospects of extracting information on carbon dioxide sources and sinks from observed CO2 variations. The approach uses a three dimensional global transport model, based on winds from a 3-D general circulation model (GCM), to advect CO2 noninteractively, i.e., as a tracer, with specified sources and sinks of CO2 at the surface. The 3-D model employed is identified and biosphere, ocean and fossil fuel sources and sinks are discussed. Some preliminary model results are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TM-85444 , NAS 1.15:85444 , DE84-005696 , DOE/ER-60082/T1
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  • 186
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    Workshop on a Cross Section of Archean Crust (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Various topics relevant to crustal genesis, especially the relationship between Archean low - and high-grade terrains, were discussed. The central Superior Province of the Canadian Shield was studied. Here a 120 km-wide transition from subgreenschist facies rocks of the Michipicoten greenstone belt to granulite facies rocks of the Kapuskasing structural zone represents an oblique cross section through some 20 km of crust, uplifted along a northwest-dipping thrust fault.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-CR-175451 , NAS 1.26:175451 , LPI-TR-83-03
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  • 187
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    FeO and H-2O and the homogeneous accretion of the earth (1983)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Shock devolatilization recovery data for brunite (Mg(OH)2) shocked to 13 and 23 GPa are presented. These data combined with previous data for serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) are used to constrain the minimum size terrestrial planet for which planetesimal infall will result in an impact generated water atmosphere. Assuming, in hydrous phyllosilicates, model calculations simulating the interaction of metallic iron with impact released free water on the surface of the accreting Earth were carried out. It is assumed that the reaction of water with iron in the presence of enstatite is the prime source of the terrestrial FeO component of silicates and oxides. Lower and upper bounds on the terrestrial FeO budget are based on mantle FeO content and possible incorporation of FeO in the outer core. We demonstrate that the iron water reaction would result in the absence of atmospheric/hydrospheric water, if homogeneous accretion is assumed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-CR-173242 , NAS 1.26:173242
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  • 188
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    Space shuttle exhaust cloud properties (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A data base describing the properties of the exhaust cloud produced by the launch of the Space Transportation System and the acidic fallout observed after each of the first four launches was assembled from a series of ground and aircraft based measurements made during the launches of STS 2, 3, and 4. Additional data were obtained from ground-based measurements during firings of the 6.4 percent model of the Solid Rocket Booster at the Marshall Center. Analysis indicates that the acidic fallout is produced by atomization of the deluge water spray by the rocket exhaust on the pad followed by rapid scavening of hydrogen chloride gas aluminum oxide particles from the Solid Rocket Boosters. The atomized spray is carried aloft by updrafts created by the hot exhaust and deposited down wind. Aircraft measurements in the STS-3 ground cloud showed an insignificant number of ice nuclei. Although no measurements were made in the column cloud, the possibility of inadvertent weather modification caused by the interaction of ice nuclei with natural clouds appears remote.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA-TP-2258 , NAS 1.60:2258
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  • 189
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    Equatorial ozone characteristics as measured at Natal (5.9 deg S, 35.2 deg W) (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Ozone density profiles obtained through electrochemical concentration cell (ECC) sonde measurements at Natal were analyzed. Time variations, as expected, are small. Outstanding features of the data are tropospheric densities substantially higher than those measured at other stations, and also a total ozone content that is higher than the averages given by satellite measurements. Previously announced in STAR as A82-29798
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 20
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  • 190
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    Shape of the magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The shape of the magnetosphere has been studied by using a global MHD model of the magnetosphere. It is found that MHD and the Chapman-Ferraro models agree in total magnetopause current distributions, but that the MHD model presents a very different physical picture from that of the Chapman-Ferraro model. In the MHD model with B(IMF) = 0 or northward, the cusp is not exposed directly to the solar wind because the dayside magnetic field lines drape around the nightside magnetosphere. Furthermore, in the MHD model a current sheet exists above the cusp region.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; July 198
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  • 191
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    Upstream electron oscillations and ion overshoot at an interplanetary shock wave (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: During the passage of a large interplanetary shock on Oct. 13, 1981, the ISEE-1 and -2 spacecraft were in the solar wind outside of the upstream region of the bow shock. The high time resolution data of the University of California particle instruments allow pinpointing the expected electron spike as occurring just before the magnetic ramp. In addition, two features that occur at this shock have not been observed before: electron oscillations associated with low frequency waves upstream of the shock and sharp 'overshoot' (about 1 sec) in the ion fluxes that occur right after the magnetic ramp. This interplanetary shock exhibits many of the same characteristics that are observed at the earth's bow shock.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; July 198
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  • 192
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    Increase and seasonal cycles of nitrous oxide in the earth's atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: It is determined that nitrous oxide (N2O) is increasing at about 0.9 ppb/yr in the northern hemisphere and at about 0.7 ppb/yr in the southern hemisphere, based on about 9000 ground-level measurements at Cape Meares, Oregon (45 deg N), and Cape Grim, Tasmania (42 deg S), spanning a three-year period. It is also shown that the N2O concentrations vary with season in the northern hemisphere, where the concentrations are 0.8 ppbv higher during April, May, and June compared to the rest of the year, and in the southern hemisphere where the concentrations are about 0.5 ppbv lower during March, April, and May compared to the rest of the year. An explanation of this increase as a sizeable anthropogenically-controlled land-based source is presented, based on an examination of the existing estimates of natural and anthropogenic sources of N2O. Mass-balance calculations are also presented which suggest that a natural land-based source, peaking in spring, would explain the main features of the observed seasonal cycle. A growth model is employed to extrapolate the observed increase of N2O into the future and the results are compared with exponential extrapolations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Tellus, Series B - Chemical and Physical Meteorology (ISSN 0280-6509); 35B; July 198
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  • 193
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    Electromagnetic induction studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Recent developments in electromagnetic induction studies of the lithosphere and the asthenosphere are reviewed. Attention is given to geoelectrical studies of active tectonic areas in terms of the major zones of crustal extension, the basin and range province along western regions of North America, and the Rio Grande rift. Studies have also been performed of tectonic activity around Iceland, the Salton Trough and Cerro Prieto, and the subduction zones of the Cascade Mountains volcanic belt, where magnetotelluric and geomagnetic variation studies have been done. Geomagnetic variations experiments have been reported in the Central Appalachians, and submarine electromagnetic studies along the Juan de Fuca ridge. Controlled source electromagnetic and dc resistivity investigations have been carried out in Nevada, Hawaii, and in the Adirondacks Mountains. Laboratory examinations on the conductivity of representative materials over a broad range of temperature, pressure, and chemistry are described.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; April 19
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  • 194
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    Secular variation of earth's gravitational harmonic J2 coefficient from Lageos and nontidal acceleration of earth rotation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Analysis of 5.5 years of Lageos satellite range data reveal significant residual nodal signatures: an acceleration and annual and semiannual periods. These signatures primarily reflect variations in the zonal gravitational harmonic J2 coefficient and hence the polar moment of inertia. The implied decrease of J2 = -3 x 10 to the -11th/yr is consistent with both historical observations of the nontidal acceleration of the earth's rotation and models of viscous rebound of the solid earth from the decrease in load due to the last deglaciation.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 303; June 30
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  • 195
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    Energy transfer in the quiet and disturbed magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Progress on magnetospheric energy transfer reported during the 1979-1982 quadrennium is reviewed. A discussion of the macroscopic control of magnetospheric phenomena by solar-wind electric and magnetic fields and kinetic pressure is followed by sections on energy transfer processes at the dayside magnetopause, in the magnetotail, near geosynchronous orbit, and at altitudes of about 1 earth radius above the auroral oval. Rapid progress in these areas has been stimulated primarily by ISEE and S3-3 observations and by the development of techniques for the large-scale computer simulation of plasma phenomena.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0034-6853)
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  • 196
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    Polar and auroral phenomena - A review of U.S. progress during 1979-1982 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: The quadrennium 1979-1982 has been a highly active time in the field of polar and auroral research, with nearly 400 research papers and thirty general or topical review papers written by U.S. authors. This paper highlights progress in understanding auroral morphology, precipitating particle fluxes, the spectra and sources of upward-flowing particles, large-scale Birkeland currents, and theoretical and experimental advances in auroral-scale electrodynamics. Global electrodynamics, active experiments, plasma waves, and auroral aeronomy, although certainly 'polar and auroral phenomena', are discussed in other papers in this issue.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: (ISSN 0034-6853)
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  • 197
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    Theory of hydromagnetic waves in the magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: A survey of theoretical and experimental research on the origin and characteristics of low-frequency hydromagnetic (HM) waves in the magnetosphere is presented, with a focus on advances in theory made in the last ten years. Basic wave theory and a collisionless plasma theory are applied to the magnetosphere as a HM system. Continuous energy sources are considered, such as the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability, the ring-current plasma, and drift instabilities. Other topics discussed include the theory of inhomogeneous HM waves, signal behavior in atmosphere and ionosphere, Alfven waves and ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling, Pi2 signals, damping, pulsating aurora, heavy-ion scattering, and standing waves in high-speed flows (like the wake phenomena caused on Jupiter by the passing of Io, observed by Voyager 1).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 35; Aug. 198
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  • 198
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    Energetic ions upstream of the earth's bow shock during an energetic storm particle event (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Simultaneous observations of low-energy protons and alpha particles from ISEE 3 far upstream and from ISEE 1 close to the earth's bow shock during the passage of an interplanetary shock wave with its associated energetic storm particles are presented. Intensities, spectra, and anisotropies of the energetic storm particles are modified due to the interaction of these particles with the earth's bow shock. An intensity spike observed at ISEE 1 during the passage of the interplanetary shock is interpreted as being due to postacceleration of energetic storm particles at the bow shock by the first-order Fermi mechanism. The spikes observed at ISEE 1 after the passage of the interplanetary shock are most probably due to reflection of the energetic storm particles at the bow shock.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; July 1
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  • 199
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    Auroral plasmas in the evening sector - Satellite observations and theoretical interpretations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Beschreibung: Previously announced in STAR as N83-74905
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Space Science Reviews (ISSN 0038-6308); 35; July 198
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  • 200
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    Eruption age of a Pleistocene basalt from Ar-40-Ar-39 analysis of partially degassed xenoliths (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-28
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; June 10
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