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  • 101
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    Governance and institutions for a long-term transition to low-carbon mobility (2019)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-15
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:380
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 102
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    Beyond production : the relevance of user decision and behaviour in LCA (2019)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-19
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 103
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    Economic models for assessing the economic effects of linking emissions trading schemes (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-06
    Beschreibung: Before linking emissions trading systems, there should be a good understanding of the expected economic implications: How could linking affect the development of the common allowance price, the development of emissions or industrial production, capital flows or liquidity? Answering these questions requires a multitude of data and assumptions and therefore usually the use of economic models. This report gives an overview of various economic models that are suitable for assessing the economic effects of linking. It analyses the economic indicators relevant for the assessment of the effects of linking, formulates requirements for economic models to answer this question, discusses the advantages and disadvantages of different modelling approaches and gives an assessment of which models are suitable in principle for the assessment of linking. Five models were selected for a more detailed description: E3ME, GEM-E3, PACE, POLES, and TIMES-MARKAL.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 104
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    Funding and financing of sustainable urban mobility measures : topic guide (2019)
    Brussels : Urban Mobility Observatory
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-10-09
    Beschreibung: The transformation of urban mobility systems causes financial costs for the procurement and operation of innovative products and services and for the adaptation of existing infrastructure. While public budgets are limited, investments in infrastructure and transport services compete against other spending priorities, and private investors often are reluctant to invest into sustainable transport projects. Thus, cities need to seek additional funding and financing options and to develop business models to attract private sector investments in the development of the urban transport system. Moreover, financing schemes should cover the entire SUMP (Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning) cycle, starting from planning, to project implementation and procurement up to the operation and maintenance of services and infrastructures. This requires the blending of different revenue sources, including: project related revenue sources such as public transport fares and the lease of advertising space in buses; the extension of the local tax base, for example through the introduction of road user charges and parking fees or the use of value capture mechanisms; National, bilateral, and European grants; Debt financing through loans and other instruments such as issuing green bonds. Finally, a prudential engagement of the private sector in infrastructure development and service provision can reduce the direct burden on public budgets while enhancing service quality. The applicability of specific financing options critically depends on the national legislative environment. Many of the instruments and case examples presented here may not be transferred to other Member States due to the different distribution of responsibilities and powers between the political levels in the Member States. This report, however, can inspire the search for potential funding and financing sources and is therefore aimed not only at local and regional authorities but also at decisionmakers at the national level. Still, whether a specific instrument can be used in a Member State needs to be assessed on a case-by-case base.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:380
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 105
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    The SDG-check : guiding open innovation towards Sustainable Development Goals (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-04
    Beschreibung: The "fuzzy front end" of innovation is argued to be crucial for the success and sustainability impact of a final product. Indeed, it is a promising area of focus in efforts to achieve the United Nations' 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which provide a globally accepted framework for sustainability. However, the usability of the 17 goals and the large number of sub-goals represent barriers to innovation practitioners. Moreover, this early innovation stage proves to be a challenge for corporate practitioners and innovators, largely due to the concept's intangible, qualitative nature and the lack of data. To help overcome these barriers, this article proposes a four-stage approach for structuring the innovation process using an online tool called the "SDG-Check", which help assess an innovator's sustainability orientation in the early phases of product and service development. It is a semi-quantitative tool to gather and combine assessments by experts involved in innovation processes with implications for the United Nations' SDGs. Furthermore, this article presents our first experiences in applying the SDG-Check based on three living lab innovation cases. The results indicate that the tools can support and inspire a dialogue with internal and external stakeholders with regards to sustainability considerations in the early design stages of product and service development.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:500
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 106
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    The multiple benefits of the 2030 EU energy efficiency potential (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-06
    Beschreibung: The implementation of energy efficiency improvement actions not only yields energy and greenhouse gas emission savings, but also leads to other multiple impacts such as air pollution reductions and subsequent health and eco-system effects, resource impacts, economic effects on labour markets, aggregate demand and energy prices or on energy security. While many of these impacts have been studied in previous research, this work quantifies them in one consistent framework based on a common underlying bottom-up funded energy efficiency scenario across the EU. These scenario data are used to quantify multiple impacts by energy efficiency improvement action and for all EU28 member states using existing approaches and partially further developing methodologies. Where possible, impacts are integrated into cost-benefit analyses. We find that with a conservative estimate, multiple impacts sum up to a size of at least 50% of energy cost savings, with substantial impacts coming from e.g., air pollution, energy poverty reduction and economic impacts.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 107
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    A complexity approach to defining urban energy systems (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-06
    Beschreibung: Urban energy systems have been commonly considered to be socio-technical systems within the boundaries of an urban area. However, recent literature challenges this notion in that it urges researchers to look at the wider interactions and influences of urban energy systems wherein the socio-technical sphere is expanded to political, environmental and economic realms as well. In addition to the inter-sectoral linkages, the diverse agents and multilevel governance trends of energy sustainability in the dynamic environment of cities make the urban energy landscape a complex one. There is a strong case then for establishing a new conceptualisation of urban energy systems that builds upon these contemporary understandings of such systems. We argue that the complex systems approach can be suitable for this. In this paper, we propose a pilot framework for understanding urban energy systems using complex systems theory as an integrating plane. We review the multiple streams of urban energy literature to identify the contemporary discussions and construct this framework that can serve as a common ontological understanding for the different scholarships studying urban energy systems. We conclude the paper by highlighting the ways in which the framework can serve some of the relevant communities.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 108
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    Status and development prospects of IRP/LCP activities in Germany (2019)
    Bochum : Ponte Press
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-07
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:330
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 109
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    Happy Wuppertal : measuring individual and community well-being on the urban scale (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-17
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 110
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    Enhancing scientific exchange : reflections on the first carbon pricing leadership coalition research conference (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-17
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 111
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    Cities as engines for mobility transitions : co-benefits and coalitions as enablers for a low-carbon transport (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-26
    Beschreibung: The transformation of cities towards sustainable and inclusive development is a key objective of the New Urban Agenda (United Nations 2017). Transport infrastructure is a critical factor in shaping cities, determining the energy intensity of mobility and providing access to essential social and economic opportunities. The sector also plays an important role in global climate change mitigation strategies, as it currently accounts for about 23% of global energy-related greenhouse gas emissions (IPCC 2014). There is substantial potential to improve urban access, air quality, safety and the quality of life in cities along with reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions if an integrated policy approach is applied that combines all intervention areas for transport policy and involves all levels of government. A package that achieves low-carbon transport and fosters sustainable developed includes avoided journeys through compact urban design and shifts to more efficient modes of transport, uptake of improved vehicle and engine performance technologies, low-carbon fuels, investments in related infrastructure, and changes in the built environment. From a governance perspective, all relevant political institutions at the local and national level need to be involved in the coalition building along with key societal actors, such as unions, industry and civil society organisations. Bringing the policy objectives of these actors together with an integrated policy package is a vital step towards a low-carbon, sustainable mobility system. Policy design and governance are critically interlinked as the ability of institutions to find a political consensus and to maintain policy stability heavily influences the success of measures to shape the transformation pathway towards sustainable mobility. This thesis aims to analyse these linkages and highlight the role of different policy and governance approaches. This analysis builds on transport and urban development research, but takes a transdisciplinary research perspective, building on the Multi-Level-Perspective on sustainability transitions (Geels 2002) and aims to highlight the potential for a consensus oriented policy approach (Lijphard 1999) that builds on co-benefits among key policy objectives and coalitions among key political actors, which leads to the main question for this thesis and the focus areas for the analysis.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:380
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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  • 112
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    Expanding the scale : making Article 6.4 ready for up-scaled crediting (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-20
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 113
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    Assessment of the implementation of sustainable energy action plans at local level : case study of Latvia (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-18
    Beschreibung: The need for sustainable energy management at the municipal level is growing, in order to meet EU climate goals. Multiple initiatives have been launched to support municipalities in energy planning and strategy development process. Despite available support, research shows mixed results about implementation of plans and strategies. This research paper analyses what targets municipalities set, how they monitor implementation of their sustainable energy action plans (SEAPs) and searches for the most important factors that have enabled or hindered the implementation of local SEAPs at Latvia. The article shows that, in some cases, there is evidence that SEAP development is a project-based activity, supported by external experts. From municipal personnel point of view, it is a project that ends with approved SEAP, but not a part of their future daily routine. Eventually implementation of the plan is difficult, because municipalities lack experience in daily management of energy data, distribution of responsibilities and implementation of procedures. Municipalities also tend to exclude important stakeholders in their SEAPs, like, private sector, household sector and transport sector, which lead to lower targets and lower achievements in GHG reduction.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 114
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    Comprehensive framework on asset management of transportation networks and resilience planning (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-16
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:380
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 115
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    Review and categorization of digital applications in the energy sector (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-18
    Beschreibung: Digitalization is a transformation process which has already affected many parts of industry and society and is expected to yet increase its transformative speed and impact. In the energy sector, many digital applications have already been implemented. However, a more drastic change is expected during the next decades. Good understanding of which digital applications are possible and what are the associated benefits as well as risks from the different perspectives of the impacted stakeholders is of high importance. On the one hand, it is the basis for a broad societal and political discussion about general targets and guidelines of digitalization. On the other hand, it is an important piece of information for companies in order to develop and sustainably implement digital applications. This article provides a structured overview of potential digital applications in the German energy (electricity) sector, including the associated benefits and the impacted stakeholders on the basis of a literature review. Furthermore, as an outlook, a methodology to holistically analyze digital applications is suggested. The intended purpose of the suggested methodology is to provide a complexity-reduced fact base as input for societal and political discussions and for the development of new digital products, services, or business models. While the methodology is outlined in this article, in a follow-up article the application of the methodology will be presented and the use of the approach reflected.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 116
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    Achieving Sustainable Development Goals in Nigeria's power sector : assessment of transition pathways (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-14
    Beschreibung: Nigeria is Africa's largest economy and home to approximately 10% of the un-electrified population of Sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, 77 million Nigerians or 40% of the population had no access to affordable, reliable and sustainable electricity. In practice, diesel- and petrol-fuelled back-up generators supply the vast majority of electricity in the country. In Nigeria's nationally-determined contribution (NDC) under the Paris Agreement, over 60% of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) reductions are foreseen in the power sector. The goal of this study is to identify and critically examine the pathways available to Nigeria to meet its 2030 electricity access, renewables and decarbonization goals in the power sector. Using published data and stakeholder interviews, we build three potential scenarios for electrification and growth in demand, generation and transmission capacity. The demand assumptions incorporate existing knowledge on pathways for electrification via grid extension, mini-grids and solar home systems (SHS). The supply assumptions are built upon an evaluation of the investment pipeline for generation and transmission capacity, and possible scale-up rates up to 2030. The results reveal that, in the most ambitious Green Transition scenario, Nigeria meets its electricity access goals, whereby those connected to the grid achieve a Tier 3 level of access, and those served by sustainable off-grid solutions (mini-grids and SHS) achieve Tier 2. Decarbonization pledges would be surpassed in all three scenarios but renewable energy goals would only be partly met. Fossil fuel-based back-up generation continues to play a substantial role in all scenarios. The implications and critical uncertainties of these findings are extensively discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 117
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    Trends, drivers, and pathways for sustainable urban mobility (2019)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-15
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:380
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 118
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    Implementation of nationally determined contributions : Rebublic of Marshall Islands country report (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-01
    Beschreibung: The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Republic of Marshall Islands under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of transport - especially low-carbon domestic shipping - and waste reduction, disposal and processing.
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 119
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    New paths to policy crediting? : Challenges and opportunities of policy-based cooperation under article 6 of the Paris agreement (2019)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-20
    Beschreibung: With the adoption of Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, former debates about generating carbon credits on the basis of national policies have resurged. National policies have not been eligible as project activities under the Kyoto Protocol's flexible mechanisms. The Paris Agreement opens the possibility for such policy crediting but also provides an entirely new context: Universal participation, ambitious long-term targets and nationally defined contributions (NDCs) that are to be made more ambitious over time. As this paper shows, these changes in the framework conditions add an additional layer of complexity to policy-based cooperation. The paper explores the potential for policy-based cooperation by first briefly presenting the regulatory basis provided by the Paris Agreement before outlining a prototype for policy-based cooperation and its key challenges.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 120
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    Rural electrification with household wind systems in remote high wind regions (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-20
    Beschreibung: This paper offers a comparative analysis of small wind electrification programmes targeted at remote sheep farming households in two of the windiest regions of the world, Argentine Patagonia and the Falkland Islands/Islas Malvinas. Despite comparable environmental conditions and local livelihoods, their impact was vastly different. Insights from socio-technical systems and strategic niche management approaches offered a deeper understanding of the local context and development dynamics, facilitating the identification of the critical success factors that contributed to these two distinct outcomes and finally highlighting those that can inform the design of future such initiatives. The research is based upon a series of semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, observational field visits and review of archival sources. The critical factors identified by this case study research include strong and consistent institutional support, investment in robust equipment creation of effective feedback loops from the field and hybridisation. Additionally, a user centred approach that assesses whether small wind is really the right option for each individual household and if so, matches an appropriate energy system to their unique and evolving needs. Finally, empowering users to take on as much responsibility for maintenance as possible by integrating maintenance practices with local culture and ensuring the support of an effective decentralised maintenance network.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 121
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    The potential role of direct air capture in the German energy research program : results of a multi-dimensional analysis (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-06
    Beschreibung: A significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions will be necessary in the coming decades to enable the global community to avoid the most dangerous consequences of man-made global warming. This fact is reflected in Germany's 7th Federal Energy Research Program (EFP), which was adopted in 2018. Direct Air Capture (DAC) technologies used to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere comprise one way to achieve these reductions in greenhouse gases. DAC has been identified as a technology (group) for which there are still major technology gaps. The intention of this article is to explore the potential role of DAC for the EFP by using a multi-dimensional analysis showing the technology's possible contributions to the German government's energy and climate policy goals and to German industry's global reputation in the field of modern energy technologies, as well as the possibilities of integrating DAC into the existing energy system. The results show that the future role of DAC is affected by a variety of uncertainty factors. The technology is still in an early stage of development and has yet to prove its large-scale technical feasibility, as well as its economic viability. The results of the multi-dimensional evaluation, as well as the need for further technological development, integrated assessment, and systems-level analyses, justify the inclusion of DAC technology in national energy research programs like the EFP.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 122
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    The material footprint of private households in Germany : linking the natural resource use and socioeconomic characteristics of users from an online footprint calculator in Germany (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-21
    Beschreibung: Footprint calculators are efficient tools to monitor the environmental impact of private consumption. We present the results of an analysis of data entered into an online Material Footprint calculator undertaken to identify the socioeconomic drivers of the Material Footprint in different areas of consumption, from housing to holidaymaking. We developed regression models to reveal (1) the impact of socioeconomic characteristics on Material Footprints of private households and (2) correlations between the components of Material Footprints for different arrays of consumption. Our results show that an increasing Material Footprint in one array of consumption comes with an increasing Material Footprint in all other arrays, with the exception of housing and holidaymaking. The socioeconomic characteristics of users have a significant impact on their Material Footprints. However, this impact varies by the array of consumption. Households only exhibit generally bigger Material Footprints as a result of higher incomes and larger dwellings. We conclude that indicators which strive to monitor resource efficiency should survey disaggregated data in order to classify the resource use to different population groups and arrays of consumption.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 123
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    Centralized or host party-led? : Design options for the art. 6.4 body (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-20
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 124
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    Sustainable cycles and management of plastics (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-04
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 125
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    Critical evaluation of the material characteristics and environmental potential of laser beam melting processes for the additive manufacturing of metallic components (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-17
    Beschreibung: Nowadays, the main impetus to apply additive manufacturing (AM) of metals is the high geometric flexibility of the processes and its ability to produce pilot or small batch series. In contrast, resource and energy intensities are often not considered as constraints, even though the turnout of additive manufacturing is high, at least compared to chip removing processes. The study at hand analyses the material characteristics and environmental impacts of a hose nozzle as an example of a commercial product of simple geometry. The production routes turning (conventional manufacturing) and laser beam melting (additive manufacturing) are compared to each other in terms of natural resource use, climate change potential and primary energy demand. It is found, that the product shows a lower demand for natural resources when produced via AM, but higher carbon emissions and energy demand when using a steel, that is mainly (80%) produced from high-alloyed steel scrap. However, different case studies during the sensitivity analyses showed that a number of factors highly influence the results: the steel source as well as the source of electricity play a major role in determining the environmental performance of the production routes. The authors also found that other production processes (here cold forging of tubes) might be an eco-friendly alternative to both routes, if feasible from an economic point of view. In regard to the material characteristics, experimental testing revealed that the material advantages of AM produced hose nozzles (in particular higher yield strength) are reduced after a solution heat treatment is applied to the as-produced material, in order to increase corrosion resistance. However, products that do not require this production step might benefit from the higher yield strength, as a lower wall thickness could be realised.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 126
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    What makes people leave LESS food? : Testing effects of smaller portions and information in a bahavioral model (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-16
    Beschreibung: To contribute to a better understanding of consumer food leftovers and to facilitate their reduction in out-of-home settings, our study analyzes the effects of two common intervention strategies for reducing leftovers in a holistic behavioral model. Based on a quasi-experimental baseline-intervention design, we analyzed how the display of information posters and the reduction of portion sizes take an effect on personal, social and environmental determinants in a structural equation model. Applying data from online surveys and observations among 880 guests (503 baseline, 377 intervention) during two weeks in a university canteen, the suggested model allows to assign effects from the two interventions on plate leftovers to specific changes in behavioral determinants. Portion size reductions for target dishes are found to relate to lower levels of plate waste based on conscious perception, represented in smaller portion size ratings. Effects from seeing information posters are found to base on changed personal attitudes, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control. However, depending on how an individual reacts to the information (by only making an effort to finish all food or by making an effort and additionally choosing a different dish in the canteen) there are opposite effects on these determinants and consequently also on plate leftovers. Overall, the differentiated results on intervention effects strongly support the benefits of more holistic and in-depth analyses of interventions to reduce plate leftovers and therefore to contribute to more sustainable food consumption in out-of-home settings.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 127
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    Ecological and socio-technical assessment of collaborative consumption : resource efficiency potentials (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-02-17
    Beschreibung: Responsible consumption and production is one of the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. To achieve this goal the currently high extraction rates of natural resources, that our economy is based on, needs a transformation of the consumption and production system considering technological as well as social change. One of the promising transition approaches is seen in collaborative consumption with its many facets of socio-cultural innovations and fast growing number of participants and businesses. With a decreasing production of goods, due to a utilisation of underutilised assets, these offers might support an absolute reduction of the global resource use. However, a positive environmental effect depends on the setting and the social practices of such sharing offers and is not sustainable or resource efficient generally. Also, resource efficient practices with a low diffusion potential that stick in a niche offer no leverage to achieve sustainable consumption patterns. Thus, this paper describes a mixed method approach to analyse the resource efficiency and diffusion potential of 20 sharing offers in the area of mobility, housing & travel and everyday objects in Germany. Results show that the overall positive environmental connotation of sharing offers cannot be confirmed. We identified five clusters of offers that are all treated to be differently when it comes to deploying the positive potential and avoid unnecessary societal effort to achieve the mentioned Sustainable Development Goal.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 128
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    Long-term electricity scenarios for the MENA region : assessing the preferences of local stakeholders using multi-criteria analyses (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-06
    Beschreibung: In recent years, most countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia, have rolled out national policies with the goal of decarbonising their economies. Energy policy goals in these countries have been characterised by expanding the deployment of renewable energy technologies in the electricity mix in the medium term (i.e., until 2030). This tacitly signals a transformation of socio-technical systems by 2030 and beyond. Nevertheless, how these policy objectives actually translate into future scenarios that can also take into account a long-term perspective up to 2050 and correspond to local preferences remains largely understudied. This paper aims to fill this gap by identifying the most widely preferred long-term electricity scenarios for Jordan, Morocco and Tunisia. During a series of two-day workshops (one in each country), the research team, along with local stakeholders, adopted a participatory approach to develop multiple 2050 electricity scenarios, which enabled electricity pathways to be modelled using Renewable Energy Pathway Simulation System GIS (renpassG!S). We subsequently used the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) within a Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA) to capture local preferences. The empirical findings show that local stakeholders in all three countries preferred electricity scenarios mainly or even exclusively based on renewables. The findings demonstrate a clear preference for renewable energies and show that useful insights can be generated using participatory approaches to energy planning.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 129
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    Who should waste less? : Food waste prevention and rebound effects in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2021-05-04
    Beschreibung: Addressing food waste prevention is one target of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and a major task for the UN Environmental Programme and the European Commission. It is promising in terms of its environmental saving potential. However, it also leads to consumers being able to save money, which they then are likely to spend, thus again causing a negative environmental impact. This dimension of the so-called indirect rebound effect, which prevents the desired ecological benefits from being achieved, is investigated in this paper. By using a single-region environmentally extended input-output model from a production perspective, the indirect rebound effects from food waste prevention in Germany are analysed. Any political action needs to consider not only a differentiation in income class, but also alternative concepts such as the principles of sufficiency in order to achieve all ecological benefits and specifically the third target of SDG 12.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 130
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    Energy sufficiency in buildings : concept paper (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-12
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 131
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    Additionality revisited : guarding the integrity of market mechanisms under the Paris agreement (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-04-20
    Beschreibung: The Paris Agreement requires mitigation contributions from all Parties. Therefore, the determination of additionality of activities under the market mechanisms of its Article 6 will need to be revisited. This paper provides recommendations on how to operationalize additionality under Article 6. We first review generic definitions of additionality and current approaches for testing of additionality before discussing under which conditions additionality testing of specific activities or policies is still necessary under the new context of the Paris Agreement, that is, in order to prevent increases of global emissions. We argue that the possibility of "hot air" generation under nationally-determined contributions (NDCs) requires an independent check of the NDC's ambition. If the NDC of the transferring country does contain "hot air", or if the transferred emission reductions are not covered by the NDC, a dedicated additionality test should be required. While additionality tests of projects and programmes could continue to be done through investment analysis, for policy instruments new approaches are required. They should be differentiated according to type of policy instrument. For regulation, we suggest calculating the resulting pay-back period for technology users. If the regulation generates investments exceeding a payback period threshold, it could be deemed additional. Similarly, carbon pricing policies that generate a carbon price exceeding a threshold could qualify; for trading schemes an absence of over-allocation needs to be shown. The threshold should be differentiated according to country categories and rise over time.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 132
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    The development dictionary : a guide to knowledge as power (2019)
    London : Zed Books
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    Publikationsdatum: 2020-01-27
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: book , doc-type:book
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  • 133
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    Key concepts, core challenges and governance functions of international climate governance : deliverable 4.1 ; COP21 - results and implications for pathways and policies for low emissions European societies (2019)
    Paris : Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Combating climate change requires a fundamental simultaneous transformation of various sectoral systems that are key to the functioning of our economies and societies, such as energy, industry, transport, housing, and agriculture. This report by the COP21 RIPPLES project examines sector-specific challenges to decarbonisation and what contribution international governance could make to overcoming these challenges. Taking a sectoral perspective, the report identifies the key governance challenges that exist internationally towards the deep transformations required, and specifies the resulting key governance functions to be fulfilled by means of international cooperation/international institutions. To this end, the report first clarifies a number of key concepts, including international (climate) governance, international and transnational institutions, institutional complexes and poly-centricity. It then derives a number of functions that international institutions can fulfil from the relevant literature: providing guidance and signals, setting rules, providing transparency and accountability, providing capacity building, technology and finance, and facilitating knowledge and learning. This is the basis for an investigation into the key governance challenges and the potential of international governance in 14 key sectoral systems.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 134
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    The role of clean hydrogen in the future energy systems of Japan and Germany : an analysis of existing mid-century scenarios and an investigation of hydrogen supply chains (2019)
    Berlin : Adelphi
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Germany and Japan have both gained substantial experience with hydrogen production and applications, albeit with focus on different sectors. They also share similar drivers for hydrogen development and, of course, similar technical and economic opportunities and challenges. However, there also are relevant differences in the policy priorities and approaches. Notwithstanding differing emphases and patterns, the two countries share three main drivers for hydrogen development and deployment: climate mitigation and other environmental goals, energy supply diversification, and technological leadership. In this context, hydrogen has been identified by the German and the Japanese governments during the Energy Policy Dialogue as having potential for closer cooperation. The authors of this study provide an overview of demand-side deployment by sector (residential, transport, industry, power generation and power-to-x) for both countries, as well as of their hydrogen policy debates, key institutions, R&D programs and demonstration projects. They also present a short survey on relevant international platforms and initiatives in which Japan and Germany participate. On the basis of a meta-analysis of the role of hydrogen in 18 long-term energy system scenarios for Germany and 12 scenarios for Japan, this study draws conclusions on the possible role of hydrogen in the long term energy policy debates of both countries. Subsequently, the authors discuss sustainability criteria and certification schemes for clean hydrogen, compare the greenhouse gas intensity of different hydrogen supply chains and provide a data-based analysis to identify countries which could become important suppliers of clean hydrogen.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 135
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    How can existing national climate policy instruments contribute to ETS development? : Final report (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Before introducing an emissions trading system, jurisdictions have to consider the ex-isting energy and climate policy framework. This report seeks to analyse and evaluate non-ETS climate policy instruments, such as carbon taxes or green certificate trading schemes, regarding their suitability to serve as a basis for establishing emission trading systems. There is a general assessment of prototypical policy instruments. Besides, the report contains insights from case studies in India and Mexico. The report is meant to inform ETS development by showing how existing policy instruments could contribute to this process and by illustrating how non-ETS policy instruments could coexist with an emissions trading system, allowing for an effective policy mix.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 136
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    Make fossil fuels great again? : The Paris agreement, Trump, and the US fossil fuel industry (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Theoretical advances suggest that international governance in general and the Paris Agreement in particular provide a strong signal guiding sociotechnical systems toward decarbonization. We assess this signal and its effects empirically, by examining the struggle of competing narratives as present in the communications of leading US fossil fuel industry associations and companies. The results are then discussed in the context of the national and international climate and energy policy debates in a study period from late 2014 until the announcement of withdrawal from the Paris Agreement in June 2017. We find that the Paris Agreement has institutionalized a narrative paradigm that is surprisingly resilient. While the election of Donald Trump and his climate and energy policy led to a narrative shift in the coal industry, the oil and gas industry remained conspicuously silent in its immediate response and maintained its narrative strategies despite its alignment with the Paris Agreement.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 137
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    The evolution of industry 4.0 and its impact on the knowledge base for the circular economy (2019)
    Jakarta : Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:330
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 138
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    Implementation of nationally determined contributions : Ethiopia country report (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of Ethiopia under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of agriculture, forestry and low-emission transport.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 139
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    Is 1+1 more than 2? : The German-Japanese Energy Transition Council (GJETC), a role model for bi-national cooperation (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: In spite of differences in energy policies and supply, Japan and Germany have to master similar challenges: To reorganize the energy supply system towards - in the long term - being reliable, affordable, low in risks and resource use, and climate-neutral. At the same time, the ecological modernization should maintain or even strengthen international competitiveness. To better address these challenges, a bi-national expert council has been established between the two high-tech countries in 2016 - the GJETC. The aim of the GJETC is to show that despite different starting points, a national energy transition can be more successful, if both countries learn from their strengths and also weaknesses, to avoid the latter. If the implementation of an energy transition in the two countries is socially and economically sound and advances technology innovation and deployment, it may not only double success, but can also serve as blue prints for other countries, especially due to learning from similarities and differences. For example: Why is per capita energy consumption higher in transport in Germany, but energy intensity higher in Japan's building sector? How can variable renewable energies be integrated in an efficient energy system at lowest costs? The Council meets twice a year, holds stakeholder dialogues and outreach events, and prepares policy papers on strategic topics of mutual interest. Four comprehensive studies, each in cooperation of a German and a Japanese research institute, have been the basis for 15 joint key recommendations during the 1st phase. The 2nd phase to 2020 will study the role of hydrogen and digitalisation for the energy transition, as well as other topics. The paper presents the findings and recommendations of the GJETC of the first phase 2016-18 as well as first results of the second phase. It also reviews the setup of the GJETC and the way it works, to assess if and how it can serve as a role model of bilateral cooperation on the energy transition.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 140
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    Social impacts of large-scale solar thermal power plants : assessment results for the NOORo I power plant in Morocco (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Many countries are increasingly investing in renewable energy technologies to meet growing energy demands and increase the security of their energy supply. This development is also evident in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, where renewable energy targets and policies have evolved rapidly in recent years. There is a steady increase in both the number of planned and implemented solar photovoltaic (PV) but also of solar thermal projects in form of Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) plants. Many of these installations are designed as large utility-scale systems. Despite the fact that these types of large-scale projects can have significant effects on local communities and their livelihoods, the existing research into the social impacts of such large-scale renewable energy infrastructures at local level is limited. However, assessing and managing these impacts is becoming increasingly important to reduce risks to both the affected communities and to the project and businesses activities. In order to provide more robust evidence on the local effects, this research study reviews the social impacts of large-scale renewable energy infrastructure in the MENA region based on a case study of the NOORo I CSP plant in Ouarzazate, Morocco. Data collected during two empirical field studies, in combination with expert interviews and secondary data analysis, provides detailed evidence on the type and significance of livelihood impacts of the NOORo I CSP plant. The analysis results in a consolidated list of 30 impacts and their significance levels for different stakeholder groups including farmers, young people, women, community representatives and owners of small and medium enterprises. The results show that, overall, the infrastructure development was received positively. The review also indicates that factors identified as having effects on the sustainability of local livelihoods are mainly related to information management and benefit distribution, rather than physical or material aspects.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 141
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    Success factors for the global stocktake under the Paris Agreement (2019)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: While the Paris Agreement (PA) has enshrined ambitious long-term objectives, the current level of action of the Parties to the Agreement falls far short of this ambition, as is recognised in the very COP decision adopting the Agreement. The Global Stocktake (GST) established in Art. 14 of the PA is a key element to address this problem. Its purpose is to review the implementation of the PA and to assess the progress made towards the collectively agreed goals. The aim of this report is to develop recommendations on how to maximise the potential impact of the GST. The report starts from a perspective of what the GST could ideally do, irrespective of decisions already taken under the UNFCCC and other political constraints. In the second step, the report takes these limitations into account and suggests ways for how to nonetheless work towards the desired outcome.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 142
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    System integration of renewables and smart grids in Korea : supporting Germany's energy dialogue with Japan and Korea ; short scientific report (2019)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: In the context of the German-Korean Energy Policy Dialogue, integration of renewable power sources and smart grids have been identified as topics with high relevance. This study aims to support mutual learning and exploration of new fields for collaboration by identifying similarities and differences in the respective status quos, strategies and policies in both countries. After a short introduction to the South Korean energy situation, Chapter 2 provides an overview of the South Korean power market, its situation regarding renewable power sources and the Korean definition of smart grids. Chapter 3 of this study highlights the major South Korean energy strategies and regulatory frameworks relevant to integration of renewable energies and smart grids. In Chapter 4, the status and perspectives of renewable energy sources integration and smart grids in South Korea are discussed, presenting various demonstrative examples, new business models and the current situation of technology deployment. Chapter 5 puts South Korea in the global context and compares it to Germany. Finally, Chapter 6 draws conclusions and presents recommendations on suitable areas for mutual learning.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 143
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    Estimating the sufficiency potential in buildings : the space between underdimensioned and oversized (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The emission reduction potential of energy efficiency and energy supply in buildings is estimated in various energy and climate action plans, scenarios, and potential analyses. But the third pillar of sustainability - sufficiency - is neglected in most studies.The increasing demand of space per person in the residential sector is a trend in most European countries. Its implication on energy use, demand for resources like land, building material, equipment, and waste production is enormous. Next to the ecological impact, the distribution of space has social and societal effects. Thus, sufficiency policies in the building sector complementing efficiency and energy policy are needed for a sustainable development of the European building stock. But how can a sufficiency potential in the building sector be estimated? How much space and equipment is needed for a decent living and how much is too much? The paper proposes four areas of sufficiency in buildings: space, design and construction, equipment, and use. It presents a set of indicators, a quantitative estimate of energy savings from reduced per capita floor area, and visualises the sufficiency potential in European countries in an experimental approach. The final discussion focuses on the question: What does this mean for policy making?
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 144
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    Evaluating the adequacy of the outcome of COP21 in the context of the development of the broader international climate regime complex : deliverable 4.2 ; COP21 - results and implications for pathways and policies for low emissions European societies (2019)
    Paris : Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Much mitigation-related governance activity is evident in a range of sectoral systems, and regarding particular governance functions. However, there is a tendency for this activity to relate to the easiest functions to address, such as "learning and knowledge building", or to take place in somewhat limited "niches". Across all sectoral systems examined, the gap between identified governance needs and what is currently supplied is most serious in terms of the critical function of setting rules to facilitate collective action. A lack of "guidance and signal" is also evident, particularly in the finance, extractive industries, energy-intensive industries, and buildings sectoral systems. Of the sectoral systems examined, the power sector appears the most advanced in covering the main international governance functions required of it. Nevertheless, it still falls short in achieving critical governance functions necessary for sufficient decarbonisation. Significantly, while the signal is strong and clear for the phase-in of renewable energy, it is either vague or absent when it comes to the phase-out of fossil fuel-generated electricity. The same lack of signal that certain high-carbon activities need actively to be phased out is also evident in financial, fossil-fuel extractive industry and transport-related sectors. More effective mitigation action will need greater co-ordination or orchestration effort, sometimes led by the UNFCCC, but also from the bodies such as the G20, as well as existing (or potentially new) sector-level institutions. The EU needs to re-consider what it means to provide climate leadership in an increasingly "polycentric" governance landscape.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 145
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    Smart power grids and integration of renewables in Japan : status and activities concerning smart grids implementation and integration of renewable energy sources in Japan ; background study (2019)
    Berlin : Adelphi Consult
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: This study focuses on smart grids and integration of renewable energy sources in Japan. It first elaborates on the current status of the Japanese power market, its electricity grid, and the trends taking place which result in the need for smart grids. It proceeds with strategic and legislative framework setting relevant for smart grids and renewables, and with current status of smart grids and renewables. Further, it focuses on relevant stakeholders, new business models, and public acceptance relevant for smart grids and renewables. It then puts the Japanese developments in international context and, where possible, compares it to Germany. Lastly, it derives recommendations and identifies where Japanese and German policymakers, regulators and private sector stakeholders might profit from closer collaboration.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 146
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    What shape for the Paris mechanisms? : A synthesis of parties' submissions on article 6 of the Paris agreement (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement establishes three approaches for countries to cooperate with each other in implementing their climate protection contributions. However, Article 6 sketches out only some basic contours; the details are to be filled in by further negotiations. This article surveys the views countries have submitted so far in order to identify the main issues at stake, points of controvery and convergence and possible ways forward. The submissions reveal some sharp differences in opinions on key issues such as the scope of the new mechanisms, how to operationalise the Article 6 requirement to increase ambition, whether to have international provisions on the promotion of sustainable development, and how to protect environmental integrity in the use of Article 6. The article concludes with a number of recommendations on how to address these controversies.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 147
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    Phasing out coal in the German energy sector : interdependencies, challenges and potential solutions (2019)
    Berlin : German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Relevant aspects of the options and requirements for reducing and phasing out coal-fired power generation have been under debate for several years. This process has produced a range of strategies, analyses and arguments, outlining how coal use in the energy sector could be reduced and phased out in the planned time frame, and determining structural policy measures suitable to support this. This Coal Report studies the existing analyses and provides an overview of the state of debate. It is intended to provide information on facts and contexts, present the advantages and disadvantages of individual courses of action, and reveal the respective scientific backgrounds. It strives to take a scientific and independent approach, and present facts in concise language, making it easy to follow for readers who are not experts in the field, without excessive abridgements or provocative statements.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 148
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    The relevance of multiple impacts of energy efficiency in policy-making and evaluation (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Improvements in energy efficiency have numerous impacts additional to energy and greenhouse gas savings. This paper presents key findings and policy recommendations of the COMBI project ("Calculating and Operationalising the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency in Europe"). This project aimed at quantifying the energy and non-energy impacts that a realisation of the EU energy efficiency potential would have in 2030. It covered the most relevant technical energy efficiency improvement actions in buildings, transport and industry. Quantified impacts include reduced air pollution (and its effects on human health, eco-systems), improved social welfare (health, productivity), saved biotic and abiotic resources, effects on the energy system and energy security, and the economy (employment, GDP, public budgets and energy/EU-ETS prices). The paper shows that a more ambitious energy efficiency policy in Europe would lead to substantial impacts: overall, in 2030 alone, monetized multiple impacts (MI) would amount to 61 bn Euros per year in 2030, i.e. corresponding to approx. 50% of energy cost savings (131 bn Euros). Consequently, the conservative CBA approach of COMBI yields that including MI quantifications to energy efficiency impact assessments would increase the benefit side by at least 50-70%. As this analysis excludes numerous impacts that could either not be quantified or monetized or where any double-counting potential exists, actual benefits may be much larger. Based on these findings, the paper formulates several recommendations for EU policy making: (1) the inclusion of MI into the assessment of policy instruments and scenarios, (2) the need of reliable MI quantifications for policy design and target setting, (3) the use of MI for encouraging inter-departmental and cross-sectoral cooperation in policy making to pursue common goals, and (4) the importance of MI evaluations for their communication and promotion to decision-makers, stakeholders, investors and the general public.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 149
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    Review of policy instruments and recommendations for effective food waste prevention (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Each year, approximately one-third of the food produced for human consumption is lost or wasted worldwide. The waste of resources used for this food has significant environmental impacts in terms of land and water use as well as greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, one of the targets of the UN sustainable development goals is to halve per capita global food waste at the retail and consumer levels and reduce food losses along production and supply chains by 2030. However, sufficient knowledge about the suitability of instruments for food waste prevention is still lacking. The purpose of this paper is therefore threefold: first, it outlines the generation and causes of food losses and waste. Second, it discusses good practices from different countries, such as laws to reduce food waste, voluntary agreements, awareness campaigns and results from behavioural economics. Finally, based on these findings, this paper identifies barriers to as well as requirements for the implementation of effective and efficient instruments.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
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  • 150
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    The building battlefield : (in)consistencies in German policies for sustainable living (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: "400,000 new homes per year are needed in German cities." This figure has been cited repeatedly in political discussions, media, and statements of different groups for a couple of years now. Living space is needed to mitigate the (further) inordinate increase of rents in some cities and regions and to ease finding appropriate flats at affordable prices for low- and medium-income households. But how to activate investors and the real estate market? Having the triangle of sustainability in mind with its ecologic, social and economic cornerstones the discussion - metaphorically spoken - currently pulls the three corners: Which should have the highest priority? The economically driven most favourable solution is lowering the requirements for new buildings such as the energy performance to make building cheaper. The social perspective prefers an increase of public social housing investments regardless of efficiency standards. And the ecological side argues that a high performance is needed to reach energy and climate targets in the buildings sector. Starting at this point of discussion, firstly, the paper reflects the assumptions behind the numbers of new homes needed against a sufficiency background. Secondly, it presents current changes in German building policies: a new legislation for energy supply and efficiency is currently in preparation. It discusses the potential to integrate sufficiency aspects in building policies, focussing specifically on the new regulation, financial incentives, and energy advice. The paper analyses if and to what extent it is likely to balance the three cornerstones of sustainability by integrating sufficiency aspects into efficiency policies. Household experiences with prepayment meters are used as an example to illustrate the potential for tapping efficiency and sufficiency potentials in low-income households considering social, economic, and ecological aspects. Based on the identified (in)consistencies, thirdly, it suggests further development in German policies to make better use of synergies between the ecologic, social and economic demands on buildings.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 151
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    Energy sufficiency : how can research better help and inform policy-making? (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The concept of sufficiency - reducing energy uses beyond technical efficiency - is far-reaching and requires a reflection on human needs, energy services, urban structures, social norms, and the role of policies to support the shift towards lower-energy societies. In recent years, a growing body of literature has been published on energy sufficiency in various disciplines. However, there has been limited exchanges and cooperation among researchers so far, hindering the visibility and impact of this research. This paper presents an assessment of where sufficiency research stands, especially in the perspective of policy-making. It is the first overview paper issued in the context of the newly-founded ENOUGH network - International network for sufficiency research & policy, established in 2017. In the first part, we provide a condensed literature review on energy sufficiency, based on dozens of recent references collected through the network. Through four main themes (the nature of sufficiency, the challenges of modelling it, the barriers to its diffusion, and the approaches to foster it), we summarise the key issues and approaches. We then present what the scholars themselves see as the priorities for future research, promising sufficiency policy options, and key barriers that research should help overcome. We collected their views through a questionnaire completed by more than 40 knowledgeable authors and experts from various disciplines. We finally build on the previous parts to draw some recommendations on how sufficiency research could increase its impact, notably in relation to policy-making.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 152
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    Managing the transition to industry 4.0 through multilevel governance systems (2019)
    Jakarta : Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:330
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: bookpart , doc-type:bookPart
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  • 153
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    Implementation of nationally determined contributions : Islamic Republic of Iran country report (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The study analyses the country background, emissions trends, ongoing activities and barriers relating to the implementation of the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) of the Islamic Republic of Iran under the UNFCCC. A special emphasis is laid on further mitigation potentials in the fields of demand-side efficiency through energy-price reform, upstream oil and gas efficiency (with an emphasis on gas flaring) and a sustainable energy mix (with an emphasis on renewable energies).
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 154
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    Challenges of coal transitions : a comparative study on the status quo and future prospects of coal mining and coal use in Indonesia, Colombia and Viet Nam (2019)
    Dessau-Roßlau : Umweltbundesamt
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Today more than 45 % of all energy-related CO2 emissions come from burning coal. Thus, reducing CO2 emissions from coal use is a necessity for reaching the targets of the Paris Agreement. This will not only pose challenges for coal consumers (restructuring of the energy system), but also for countries whose economy is strongly depending on the production of coal. This paper examines the role of coal in three countries, which are or were in recent years among the top coal exporters: Indonesia, Colombia and Vietnam. Understanding challenges and possible transition pathways in these countries will help to develop global strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from coal in the short to mid-term.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
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  • 155
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    A pathway design framework for national low greenhouse gas emission development strategies (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The Paris Agreement introduces long-term strategies as an instrument to inform progressively more ambitious emission reduction objectives, while holding development goals paramount in the context of national circumstances. In the lead up to the twenty-first Conference of the Parties, the Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project developed mid-century low-emission pathways for 16 countries, based on an innovative pathway design framework. In this Perspective, we describe this framework and show how it can support the development of sectorally and technologically detailed, policy-relevant and country-driven strategies consistent with the Paris Agreement climate goal. We also discuss how this framework can be used to engage stakeholder input and buy-in; design implementation policy packages; reveal necessary technological, financial and institutional enabling conditions; and support global stocktaking and increasing of ambition.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 156
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    Global climate (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: The twenty-third Conference of the Parties (COP-23) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) was held in Bonn on 6-17 November 2017, under the presidency of Fiji. COP-23 focused, in particular, on developing rules to implement the 2015 Paris Agreement and on raising ambition for climate protection. Since this was the first "Oceanic" COP, special attention was given to supporting the countries of the Global South in their efforts to reduce emissions, adapt to climate change, and deal with the unavoidable impacts of climate change. This article summarizes the main developments and results of COP-23.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 157
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    German energy transition : targets, current status, chances and challenges of an ambitious pathway (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: With the "Energiewende", the German term for the transformation of the national energy system, the German government pursues ambitious goals, primarily but not only to reflect the climate change challenge and to react to the risks associated with the use of nuclear power plants. After launching the energy concept in mid-2011, which describes the "Energiewende" goals, Germany was perceived as an international pioneer in energy transition for many years and has been acknowledged for its braveness to combine ambitious greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation targets with a phase out program for nuclear power plants. In this context, this article asks where Germany’s energy transition currently stands, what is planned next and how far the set targets have been achieved or where more action is required to stick to this pathway.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 158
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    Paris agreement : ship moves out of the drydock ; an assessment of COP24 in Katowice (2019)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Last year's conference of the global climate change regime took place from 2 until 15 December 2018 in Katowice, Poland. The conference had two main objectives: operationalising the Paris Agreement by adopting detailed rules for its implementation, and starting the process of strengthening Parties' climate protection contributions. This article covers the negotiations on these two sets of issues and also includes a discussion of other recent climate activities by Parties and non-Party actors. Success of the negotiations in Katowice was far from assured, but in the end COP24 concluded with the adoption of the "Katowice Climate Package" setting out detailed guidelines on how to implement its various elements. However, the conference fell short on the first objective, none of the major emitting countries was ready to step up its climate ambition. The most important aspect of the Katowice outcome is therefore that it has brought the wrangling about implementation procedures to a close, making way for the true task at hand: the strengthening of national and international activities to protect the climate and the implementation of the existing pledges. Arguably, a key factor that has been slowing down climate policy is the power of entrenched interests. The article therefore concludes with a reflection on how such barriers to climate action may be overcome and what role future COPs may play in this regard.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 159
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    Options for fostering increasing ambition levels under the Paris Article 6.4 mechanism : discussion paper (2019)
    Berlin : German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Article 6 of the Paris Agreement establishes mechanisms for Parties to "pursue voluntary cooperation in the implementation of their nationally determined contributions to allow for higher ambition in their mitigation and adaptation actions [...]" (Article 6.1). I. e. the mechanisms are explicitly designed to foster higher ambition. However, without additional guidance and rules, the economic incentives of carbon markets may work against increasing host country ambition. For example, setting ambitious NDC targets may directly reduce the amount of mitigation outcomes that go beyond the NDC target and that a host country can transfer abroad. The report presents four options on how the risks can be ad-dressed and ambition can be increased: (1) Strengthening reporting, transparency and comparability; (2) Reconciling the design of the Article 6.4 mechanism with ambition raising of host countries; (3) Supporting the host country to raise ambition through the Article 6.4 mechanism; (4) Fostering the acquiring country to raise ambition through the Article 6.4 mechanism. These options are assessed and recommendations are provided on how they could be implemented.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 160
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    What role do transaction costs play in energy efficiency improvements and how can they be reduced? (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Ex-ante policy evaluation requires a detailed understanding of how the subjects addressed by the policy react to its implementation. In the context of energy efficiency, policy measures typically aim at influencing investment decisions towards more efficient options. As has been discussed widely in the context of the "energy efficiency gap", investments in energy efficiency improvements are frequently not conducted even though they seem cost-effective from a simple cost-benefit perspective, where transaction costs have been identified as one important barrier. While transaction costs have been discussed widely from a conceptional perspective, empirical studies quantifying transaction costs and measures to reduce them are rare. This paper presents approaches, results and insights from a recently completed research project funded by the German Federal Energy Efficiency Center (BfEE), addressing transaction costs in various energy efficiency measures and the role of energy efficiency services to overcome the barrier. We analyse a set of 11 energy efficiency investments covering private households, public institutions and the industry sector. We gather data on direct investment costs and energy cost savings and provide a detailed analysis of the various barriers and transaction costs associated with the implementation. We then analyse the costs of existing energy efficiency services using data provided by the BfEE. We compare the different cost elements and analyze the potential of energy efficiency services to reduce transaction costs. We find that the role of transaction costs differs substantially between households, public institutions and companies and that the impact of energy efficiency services on transaction costs needs to be evaluated using different methodological approaches. We conclude that while data availability on disaggregated transaction costs is a major challenge, energy services can reduce transaction costs considerably.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:330
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 161
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    Energy poverty in the EU : indicators as a base for policy action (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: In 2016, the European Commission presented the Clean Energy for all Europeans Package , comprising legislative proposals to facilitate the clean energy transition within the EU, such as the revised EPBD 2010/31/EU and EED 2012/27/EU.Besides putting energy efficiency first and achieving global leadership in renewable energy, a third goal of the package was to provide a "fair deal to consumers" with "no one left behind"., While in some Member States the issue of energy poverty already was on the political agenda, enabling affordable access to basic energy services for all households and thus reducing energy poverty is now an explicit policy target of the revised EU Directives. In order to assess and monitor the extent of the issue across the EU and address it by suitable measures, the concept of energy poverty needs to be defined, operationalised and measured. The paper aims to investigate the role of energy poverty indicators for policy making. To do so, it provides an overview on existing measurement approaches.Furthermore, the paper presents the development and current state of energy poverty across the EU using a set of four complementary indicators used by the EU Energy Poverty Observatory. These consensual and expenditure-based indicators are calculated using data from the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions and the Household Budget Survey. In addition, the paper highlights peculiarities of results on the different indicators, describes persisting issues with regard to their calculation and interpretation against the background of the underlying data base. Based on the results of this analysis, further necessities of data collection and research are pointed out.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 162
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    Behind closed windows : an actor-centred analysis of barriers for the diffusion of energy efficient ventilation systems in residential buildings (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Reaching the climate goals for the building sector requires to improve insulation and to increase air tightness of buildings in order to minimize heat loss. To achieve these goals and to prevent risks to the health of occupants and damages to the building fabric due to insufficient removal of pollutants and humidity, broad implementation of Mechanical Ventilation and Heat Recovery (MVHR) systems is crucial. Comparable and up to date figures on the market penetration of MVHR systems across the EU are hardly available. However, figures point to only a small share of residential buildings being currently equipped with such systems (cf. Riviere et al. 2009). For the German building stock the figure is estimated to be below 5% (Händel 2011). The paper presents insights into the reasons for the slow diffusion of HRV technologies in the German building stock. It builds on the results of a recently completed research project whose central aim was to identify actor-specific and structural barriers for the diffusion of efficient ventilation systems in apartment buildings and to examine how these barriers can be addressed. The analysis is based on 40 semi-structured expert interviews with energy consultants, HVAC craftsmen, and housing companies, as well as guided in-depth interviews with private owners of apartment buildings or apartments that were evaluated by means of qualitative content analysis. Based on the collected data, seven barrier categories were identified, each containing a range of single barriers for the diffusion of efficient ventilation systems within the residential building stock. Results of the analysis were quantitatively validated by means of online surveys and a household survey among 1,008 households. The paper points out interdependencies within the chain of effects leading up to the investment decision of building owners. Furthermore, based on good practice examples identified within the data collection process, it proposes different measures to address these barriers.
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 163
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    Achieving overall mitigation of global emissions under the Paris article 6.4 mechanism : discussion paper (2019)
    Berlin : German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement establishes a new mechanism for Parties to cooperate in achieving their nationally determined contributions (NDCs). One key innovation of the Article 6.4 mechanism is its objective to "deliver an overall mitigation in global emissions" (Art. 6.4(d)). This report develops recommendations on how to implement this objective. A key difficulty lies in the fact that even basics of how the mechanism is supposed to function have so far not been clarified by the Parties. The report therefore first sketches out what has so far been agreed and discussed on the mechanism’s activity cycle. Second, as the concept of overall mitigation has so far also not been clearly defined by Parties, the report derives a working definition from the language that was agreed in the Paris Agreement. In the next step, the report provides a survey of the options to achieve overall mitigation that have so far been discussed in the relevant literature and in the Article 6 negotiations. Many of these options were developed in the context of the Kyoto mechanisms. The report therefore discusses to what extent the options are also applicable under the Paris Agreement or whether adjustments need to be made. In the following, the options that are applicable under the Agreement are assessed on the basis of a number of criteria. The report concludes with a summary of the main findings and recommendations.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: workingpaper , doc-type:workingPaper
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  • 164
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    The voluntary carbon market : what may be its future role and potential contributions to ambition raising? ; Discussion paper (2019)
    Berlin : German Emissions Trading Authority (DEHSt)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: This report explores the future role of the voluntary carbon market and its potential to contribute to raising the ambition of climate policy. For this purpose, desk research was complemented by interviews with voluntary carbon market representatives. The report finds that the current roles of the voluntary market are set to change fundamentally due to the Paris Agreement. For the future of the voluntary market as an investor, three roles were identified, each of which is associated with specific challenges: The market may maintain its current role of buyer of carbon neutrality credits, it may become a supporter of NDC implementation, or it may become a driver of ambition. With regard to the future role of private certification standards, the Paris Agreement may hold the possibility of using such standards in the context of compliance activities. Overall, the findings indicate that the voluntary market has some potential to contribute to ambition raising. Whether this potential will actually be unlocked depends on how the concept of ambition raising will be operationalized under the Paris Agreement and to what degree it can be integrated into the voluntary market's activities and business models.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 165
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    Research study on holistic indicators for waste prevention (2019)
    Brussels : Zero Waste Europe
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-18
    Beschreibung: Because prevention is closely linked to complex consumption patterns, even cultural changes, such as increasing environmental awareness, changes in the average size of households or changes in the industrial structure of an economy, are relevant factors for the interpretation of changes in the generation of waste - it is more or less impossible to isolate the effect of specific waste prevention measures in this complex system. This must be considered, in particular, in international comparisons of policies and their potential transferability. The guidelines of the European Commission on waste prevention also point to the particular problem of data availability in the area of prevention: as waste statistics focus mainly on the treatment and fate of wastes, they are often of limited value for prevention of waste because they don't give sufficient information about their origins or reasons for their generation. Against this background, this report has the following objectives: Chapter 2 discusses strengths and weaknesses of typical waste-based prevention indicators; Chapter 3 analyses possible indicators that consider an upstream perspective and take into account the ecological rucksacks of products and components that have become waste; Chapter 4 focuses on specific product groups that could be targeted by waste prevention indicators. In general, the report describes the complexity of measuring waste prevention and outlines pros and cons of possible approaches. The final chapter aims to draw rather pragmatic conclusions on possibly most preferable options for future policy-making.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:330
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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    Zeitschrift für Geophysik 36 / 3 (2019)
    Physika-Verlag, Würzburg
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar | 8 Z NAT 2148
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-02-28
    Beschreibung: Dieser Band enthält Artikel zu Themengebieten der Geophysik, veröffentlicht durch die Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft in dem Jahr 1970.
    Beschreibung: 〈ul style="line-height:2;"〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0058.pdf"〉Heft 3〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0059.pdf"〉Titelseite〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0060.pdf"〉Inhaltsverzeichnis〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0061.pdf"〉[Impressum]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0062.pdf"〉Die Theorien der thermoremanenten Magnetisierung von Gesteinen (Soffel, H.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0065.pdf"〉Natural Magnetization of Deep Core Samples of Basaltic Rocks from Brazil (Schult, A.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0069.pdf"〉Crustal Structure of the East African Rift System from Spectral Response Ratios of Long-Period Body Waves (Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0071.pdf"〉Crustal Investigation from Gravity Measurements at the Scarp of the Ethiopian Plateau (Makris, J., Thiele, P., Zimmermann, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0074.pdf"〉Die Verbreitung von schadenverursachenden Erdbeben auf dem Gebiet der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Versuch einer seismologischen Regionalisierung (Ahorner, L., Murawski, H., Schneider, G.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0077.pdf"〉Über den Einfluß oberflächennaher Störkörper auf geoelektrische Widerstandsmessungen (Töpfer, K. D.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0079.pdf"〉Zur Problematik der Deutung paläomagnetischer Meßergebnisse auf Grund von Untersuchungen an den Basalten des Paläovulkans Vogelsberg in Hessen (Schenk, E.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0085.pdf"〉Crustal and Upper Mantle Structure of the Ethiopian Rift Derived from Seismic and Gravity Data (Makris, J., Menzel, H., Zimmermann, J., Bonjer, K.-P., Fuchs, K., Wohlenberg, J.)〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈li〉〈a href="https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/download/pdf/PPN101433392X_0036/LOG_0087.pdf"〉[Werbung]〈/a〉〈/li〉 〈/ul〉
    Beschreibung: research
    Beschreibung: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGG
    Schlagwort(e): 550 ; Geophysik ; Erdbeben ; Geoelektrik ; Geomagnetismus ; Gravitation ; Tektonik ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Materialart: map
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 167
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    LAC 2019 : 25th Latin-American Colloquium of Geosciences : program and abstracts : Universität Hamburg, Germany September 18-21, 2019 (2019)
    Geounion Alfred-Wegener-Stiftung, Potsdam
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-02
    Beschreibung: This volume contains the program, abstracts and field guides of the 25th Latin-American Colloquium of Geosciences (LAC). In the tradition of the holistic approach of Alexander von Humboldt in approaching complex research problems, the LAC celebrates transdisciplinary milestones achieved through German-Latin American cooperation in the geosciences. It also highlights the results of individual research projects and identify future avenues of cooperation. The following topics are central to the LAC: Ocean-continent transition, Continental growth and modification, Earth-surface processes and their climatic and tectonic forcings. The main topics of the LAC are complemented by contributions regarding methodological and technical advances, coIlection-based and paleo-environmental research, and resource formation. The scientific goal of the LAC is at the heart of a deeper understanding of the interactions between solid earth, atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere with a focus on Latin America. The forcing factors governing the Earth's systems also involve the interaction with humankind.
    Beschreibung: conference
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:558
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: map , publishedVersion
    Format: 106
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 168
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    Creating statistics for China's building energy consumption using an adapted energy balance sheet (2019)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-12-07
    Beschreibung: China's regular energy statistics does not include the building sector, and data on building energy demand is included in other types of energy consumption in the Energy Balance Sheet (EBS). Therefore data on building energy demand is not collected based on statistics, but rather calculated or estimated by various approaches in China. This study aims at developing and testing China's building energy statistics by applying an adapted EBS. The advantage of the adapted EBS is that statistical data is from the regular statistical system and no additional statistical efforts are needed. The research result shows that the adapted EBS can be included in China regular energy statistical system and can be standardized in a transparent way. Testing of the adapted EBS shows that China's building energy demand has shown an annual increase of 7.6% since 2001, and a lower contribution to the total energy demand as compared to the developed world. There is also a close link to lifestyle and living standard while industrial energy demand is mainly driven by economy and decoupling of building energy demand with increasing of building floor area, this is due to a considerable improvement of building energy efficiency. The adapted EBS creates a method for China conducting statistics of building energy consumption at the sector level in a uniform way and serves as the basis for any sound building energy efficiency policy decisions.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:600
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: article , doc-type:article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 169
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    Measuring urban circularity based on a territorial perspective : final report ; CIRCTER - circular economy and territorial consequences (2019)
    Luxembourg : ESPON EGTC
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-10-24
    Beschreibung: This report provides an overview of the main findings from the different research tasks in the CIRCTER project and delivers selected policy messages with European coverage. The report provides: (Sec. 2) a territorial definition of the circular economy; (Sec. 3) insights into the available statistics on material and waste patterns and flows and their interpretation, alongside new territorial evidence on both aspects; (Sec. 4) a sectoral characterisation of the circular economy at regional level (NUTS-2), including data on turnover and jobs; (Sec. 5) key findings from the CIRCTER case studies; (Sec. 6) a systemic interpretation of the circular economy that works as a knowledge-integration mechanism for the entire report; (Sec. 7 and 8) an analysis of the most relevant circular economy policies and strategies at various territorial levels; (Sec. 8) a subset of policy recommendations focusing in particular on territorial and cohesion policies, and; (Sec. 9) suggestions for further research.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:300
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 170
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    The energy transition in Europe : a vision of progress (2019)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-10
    Beschreibung: Europe needs a new vision of progress. An energy transition has this potential. It can give the "European idea" a future-oriented content. The goal for 2050 is clear: a Europe without fossil and nuclear energy! This is not a utopia. Studies, resolutions of the EU and some member states prove that this vision is feasible and has many advantages: more jobs, more security of supply, fewer premature deaths due to air pollution, reduction of resource conflicts, falling energy costs. New green lead markets for renewable energies and resource efficiency are emerging. A European energy transition requires an alliance, ideally fuelled by neighbours France and Germany. Many are hoping for Germany as a driver of nuclear and coal phase-out. But deciding on "revolutionary goals" is not enough: finally implementing them is what Germany and Europe are waiting for. This report shows which concrete steps can advance this vision of progress.
    Schlagwort(e): ddc:320
    Repository-Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: report , doc-type:report
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 171
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    The experimental gravity field model XGM2019e (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-02
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: XGM2019e is a combined global gravity field model represented through spheroidal harmonics up to d/o 5399, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 2’ (~4 km). As data sources it includes the satellite model GOCO06s in the longer wavelength area combined with terrestrial measurements for the shorter wavelengths. The terrestrial data itself consists over land and ocean of gravity anomalies provided by courtesy of NGA (identical to XGM2016, having a resolution of 15’) augmented with topographically derived gravity over land (EARTH2014). Over the oceans, gravity anomalies derived from satellite altimetry are used (DTU13, in consistency with the NGA dataset).The combination of the satellite data with the terrestrial observations is performed by using full normal equations up to d/o 719 (15’). Beyond d/o 719, a block-diagonal least-squares solution is calculated for the high-resolution terrestrial data (from topography and altimetry). All calculations are performed in the spheroidal harmonic domain.In the spectral band up to d/o 719 the new model shows over land a slightly improved behavior over preceding models such as XGM2016, EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008 when comparing it to independent GPS leveling data. Over land and in the spectral range above d/o 719 the accuracy of XGM2019e suffers from the sole use of topographic forward modelling; Hence, errors are increased in well-surveyed areas compared to models containing real gravity data, e.g. EIGEN6c4 or EGM2008. However, the performance of XGM2019e can be considered as globally more homogeneous and independent from existing high resolution global models. Over the oceans the model exhibits an improved performance throughout the complete spectrum (equal or better than preceding models).
    Schlagwort(e): geodesy ; global gravity field model ; ICGEM ; GOCO ; GOCE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 6 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
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  • 172
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    The polar extended gravity field model TIM_R6e (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-09-02
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: TIM_R6e is an extended version of the satellity-only global gravity field model TIM_R6 (Brockmann et al., 2019) which includes additional terrestrial gravity field observations over GOCE's polar gap areas. The included terrestrial information consists of the PolarGap campaign data (Forsberg et al., 2017) augumented by the AntGG gravity data compilation (Scheinert et al., 2016) over the southern polar gap (〉83°S) and the ArcGP data (Forsberg et al. 2007) over the northern polar gap (〉83°N). The combination is performed on normal equation level, encompassing the terrestrial data as spectrally limited geographic 0.5°x0.5° grids over the polar gaps.
    Beschreibung: TechnicalInfo
    Beschreibung: Processing procedures: (extending TIM_R6)Gravity from orbits (SST): (identical to TIM_R6)- short-arc integral method applied to kinematic orbits, up to degree/order 150- orbit variance information included as part of the stochastic model, it is refined by empirical covariance functionsGravity from gradients (SGG): (identical to TIM_R6)- parameterization up to degree/order 300- observations used: Vxx, Vyy, Vzz and Vxz in the Gradiometer Reference Frame (GRF)- realistic stochastic modelling by applying digital decorrelation filters to the observation equations; estimated separately for individual data segments applying a robust procedureGravity from terrestrial observations (TER):- collocation of the original terrestrial data sources onto 30'x30' geographic gravity disturbance grids (in the polar gap areas above 83° southern/northern latitude, thus forming a pair of polar caps)- spectral limitation of the data to D/O 300 within the collocation process- the chosen grid is fully compatible with the grid of the zero observation constraints of the original TIM_R6 model. In its function it replaces the original constraints- from the collocated polar caps, a partial normal equation system, up to D/O 300 is derivedCombined solution:- addition of normal equations (SST D/O 150, SGG D/O 300, TER D/O 300)- Constraints: * Kaula-regularization applied to coefficients of degrees/orders 201 - 300 (constrained towards zero, fully compatible with TIM_R6)- weighting of SST and SGG is identical to TIM_R6. All TER observations are weighted with 5 mGal.Specific features of resulting gravity field:- Gravity field solution is (mostly) independent of any other gravity field information (outside the polar gap region)- Constraint towards zero starting from degree/order 201 to improve signal-to-noise ratio- Related variance-covariance information represents very well the true errors of the coefficients (outside the polar gap region)- Solution can be used for independent comparison and combination on normal equation level with other satellite-only models (e.g. GRACE), terrestrial gravity data, and altimetry (outside the polar gap region)- Since in the low degrees the solution is based solely on GOCE orbits, it is not competitive with a GRACE model in this spectral region (outside the polar gap region)- In comparison to TIM_R6, TIM_R6e should deliver more accurate results, especially towards the polar gaps. However, as it uses additional data sources it cannot be seen as totally independent anymore: even outside the polar gap regions correlations (introduced by the holistic nature of spherical harmonics) may be found.
    Schlagwort(e): global gravitational model ; ICGEM ; GOCE ; PolarGap ; geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 173
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    Numerical simulations of the (de)stabilization of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (2019)
    Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) / PANGAEA
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: There is evidence that a self-sustaining ice discharge from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) has started, potentially leading to its disintegration. The associated sea level rise of more than 3m would pose a serious challenge to highly populated areas including metropolises such as Calcutta, Shanghai, New York City, and Tokyo. Here, we show that the WAIS may be stabilized through mass deposition in coastal regions around Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers. In our numerical simulations, a minimum of 7400 Gt of additional snowfall stabilizes the flow if applied over a short period of 10 years onto the region (−2 mm year−1 sea level equivalent). Mass deposition at a lower rate increases the intervention time and the required total amount of snow. We find that the precise conditions of such an operation are crucial, and potential benefits need to be weighed against environmental hazards, future risks, and enormous technical challenges.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    CITATION PIK
  • 174
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    The evolution of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and its implications for surface warming (2019)
    Universität Potsdam
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is likely the most well-known system of ocean currents on Earth, redistributing heat, nutrients and carbon over a large part of the Earth’s surface and affecting global climate as a result. Due to enhanced freshwater fluxes into the subpolar North Atlantic as a response to global warming, the AMOC is expected, and may have already started, to weaken and these changes will likely have global impacts. It is therefore of considerable relevance to improve our understanding of past and future AMOC changes. My thesis tries to answer some of the open questions in this field by giving strong evidence that the AMOC has already weakened over the last century, by narrowing future projections of this slowdown and by studying the impacts on global surface warming.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
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    CITATION PIK
  • 175
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    CCU and CCS – Building Blocks for Climate Protection in Industry (2019)
    utzverlag GmbH
    In:  acatech POSITION
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-03-21
    Beschreibung: Germany wishes to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 80 to 95 per cent by 2050. However, despite the success to date, the measures which have already been planned and implemented are not sufficient for achieving this ambitious goal. In addition to the energy sector, the largest source of greenhouse gas emissions, German industry is also responsible for releasing considerable volumes of global warming gases. In its Climate Action Plan 2050, the Federal Government has for the first time set a sector target for industry. The present acatech POSITION PAPER analyses the options for (re)utilising and storing CO2 (Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) and Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS)) which come into consideration for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes. It is recommended that a wide-ranging public debate about the use of CCU and CCS be conducted in the near future. Only then will it be possible to take account of reservations about CCU and CCS, further develop suitable technology in good time and bring it to market maturity so that the necessary infrastructure can be planned, approved, funded and constructed.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/report
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    CITATION PIK
  • 176
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    A 100 3-component sensor deployment to monitor the 2018 EGS stimulation in Espoo/Helsinki, southern Finland - Datasets (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-05-13
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: A seismic network was installed in the Helsinki capital area of Finland to monitor the response to a 6 km deep geothermal stimulation experiment in 2018. The Institute of Seismology, University of Helsinki (ISUH), installed these 100 geophones in addition to five surface broadband sensors and a 13-site borehole network deployed by the operating company. The stations operated for 106 days between 7 May and 20 August 2018 (day 127 to 232). The data set consists of raw CUBE-recorder data and converted MSEED data.
    Schlagwort(e): enhanced geothermal system ; induced seismicity ; array of arrays ; monitoring ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS ; geology ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; 201802 ; Otaniemi Reservoir stimulation (ORS)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , temporary seismological network
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 177
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    GRACE-FO Geopotential GAD Coefficients GFZ RL06 (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-06-07
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Spherical harmonic coefficients that are zero over the continents, and provide the anomalous simulated ocean bottom pressure that includes non-tidal air and water contributions elsewhere during the specified timespan. These coefficients differ from GLO (or GAC) coefficients over the ocean domain by disregarding upper air density anomalies. The anomalous signals are relative to the mean field from 2003-2014.
    Schlagwort(e): Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) ; Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Level-2 ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; Ocean ; Ocean Bottom Pressure ; AOD ; Atmosphere ; Non-tidal Atmosphere ; Dealiasing Product ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 2 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 178
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    Temporary passive seismic data acquired at Rittershoffen geothermal field Alsace, France, 2013-2014 (TOPASE) - Datasets (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2022-11-28
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This report describes the passive seismic data acquired by the TOPASE network deployed over Rittershoffen geothermal field (Alsace, France). The monitoring period extends from March 2013 to November 2014, which includes the stimulation of the first well of the doublet, the drilling of the second well and well tests. These data were acquired using 31 Earth Data Loggers PR6-24 and MARK-SERCEL L-4C-3D 1 Hz seismometers of the Geophysical Instrument Pool Potsdam (GIPP), which were provided to the KIT-AGW-Geothermal research division.
    Schlagwort(e): geothermics ; enhanced geothermal system ; Rittershoffen ; Upper Rhine Graben ; induced seismicity
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , temporary seismological network
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 179
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    The PRIMAP-hist national historical emissions time series (1850-2017) (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-02-23
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: This is an updated version of Gütschow et al. (2019, http://doi.org/10.5880/pik.2019.001). Please use this version which incorporates updates to input data as well as correction of errors in the original dataset and its previous updates. For a detailed description of the changes please consult the CHANGELOG included in the data description document.The PRIMAP-hist dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of greenhouse gas emission pathways for every country and Kyoto gas covering the years 1850 to 2017, and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states, as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data resolves the main IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) 2006 categories. For CO2, CH4, and N2O subsector data for Energy, Industrial Processes and Agriculture is available. Version 2.1 of the PRIMAP-hist dataset does not include emissions from Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF).List of datasets included in this data publication:(1) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_09-Nov-2019.csv: With numerical extrapolation of all time series to 2017. (only in .zip folder)(2) PRIMAP-hist_no_extrapolation_v2.1_09-Nov-2019.csv: Without numerical extrapolation of missing values. (only in .zip folder)(3) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_data-format-description: including CHANGELOG(4) PRIMAP-hist_v2.1_updated_figures: updated figures of those published in Gütschow et al. (2016)(all files are also included in the .zip folder)When using this dataset or one of its updates, please also cite the data description article (Gütschow et al., 2016, http://doi.org/10.5194/essd-8-571-2016) to which this data are supplement to. Please consider also citing the relevant original sources.SOURCES:- Global CO2 emissions from cement production v4: Andrew (2019)- BP Statistical Review of World Energy: BP (2019)- CDIAC: Boden et al. (2017)- EDGAR version 4.3.2: JRC and PBL (2017), Janssens-Maenhout et al. (2017)- EDGAR versions 4.2 and 4.2 FT2010: JRC and PBL (2011), Olivier and Janssens-Maenhout (2012)- EDGAR-HYDE 1.4: Van Aardenne et al. (2001), Olivier and Berdowski (2001)- FAOSTAT database: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2019)- RCP historical data: Meinshausen et al. (2011)- UNFCCC National Communications and National Inventory Reports for developing countries: UNFCCC (2019)- UNFCCC Biennal Update Reports: UNFCCC (2019)- UNFCCC Common Reporting Format (CRF): UNFCCC (2018), UNFCCC (2019), Jeffery et al. (2018)Full references are available in the data description document.
    Beschreibung: Methods
    Beschreibung: Country resolved data are combined from different sources using the PRIMAP emissions module (Nabel et. al., 2011). They are supplemented with growth rates from regionally resolved sources and numerical extrapolations.
    Schlagwort(e): greenhouse gas emissions ; historical emissions ; emissions time series ; composite source ; national emissions ; climate change ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 MODELS 〉 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC MODELS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 〉 INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 〉 FOSSIL FUEL BURNING ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 ATMOSPHERE 〉 ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY 〉 TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 HUMAN DIMENSIONS ; environmental policy
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 180
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    GRACE-FO Geopotential GSM Coefficients GFZ RL06 (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-21
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Spherical harmonic coefficients representing an estimate of Earth's mean gravity field during the specified timespan derived from GRACE-FO mission measurements. These coefficients represent the full magnitude of land hydrology, ice, and solid Earth processes. Further, they represent atmospheric and oceanic processes not captured in the accompanying GAC product.
    Schlagwort(e): Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment Follow-On (GRACE-FO) ; Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; Level-2 ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
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    Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO Geopotential GSM Coefficients GFZ RL06 (Level-2B Product) (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-21
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Version History:09 June 2020:Release of Version 0002. This is an update of Version 0001 of the same data set. All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section. Previously released versions of this data set are available at ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-2B/old_versions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO spherical harmonic coefficients of GFZ RL06 Level-2 GSM products representing an estimate of Earth's gravity field variations during the specified timespan. Post-processing steps comprise: (1) subtraction of a long-term mean field; (2) optionally, decorrelation and smoothing with VDK filter (anisotropic filter taking the actual error covariance information of the underlying GSM coefficients into account, see Horvath et al. (2018)); (3) replacement of coefficients C20, C30 (only for the months starting from 2016/11 and later), C21 and S21 and its formal standard deviations by values estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR); (4) subtraction of linear trend caused by Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA) as provided by a numerical model; (5) insertion of geocenter coefficients (C10, C11, S11); and (6) removal of estimated aliased signal of the S2 tide (161 days period). These coefficients represent signals caused by water mass redistribution over the continents and in the oceans.These post-processed GRACE/GRACE-FO GSM products are denoted as Level-2B products.There are multiple variants of Level-2B products available that differ by the characteristics of the anisotropic filter applied. These variants are distinguishable by the following strings in the product file names:- 'NFIL': Level-2B product is not filtered- 'VDK1': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK1- 'VDK2': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK2- 'VDK3': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK3- 'VDK4': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK4- 'VDK5': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK5- 'VDK6': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK6- 'VDK7': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK7- 'VDK8': Level-2B product is filtered with VDK8The individual auxiliary data sets and models used during the post-processing steps mentioned above are provided as well (in the aux_data folder):- 'GRAVIS-2B_2002095-2020091_GFZOP_0600_NFIL_0002.gz': Long-term mean field calculated as unweighted average of the 183 available GFZ RL06 GSM products in the period from 2002/04 up to and including 2020/03.- 'GRAVIS-2B_GFZOP_GRACE+SLR_LOW_DEGREES_0002.dat': time series of coefficients C20, C30, C21 and S21 estimated from a combination of GRACE/GRACE-FO and SLR- 'GRAVIS-2B_GIA_ICE-6G_D_VM5a_0002.gz': Model from Peltier et al. (2018) for subtraction of linear trend caused by GIA- 'GRAVIS-2B_GFZOP_GEOCENTER_0002.dat': Time series with geocenter coefficients estimated from GFZ RL06Further information about the Level-2B products and the auxiliary data is provided in the header of the corresponding data files.
    Schlagwort(e): Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-2 ; Level-2B ; SHM ; Spherical Harmonic Model ; Gravitational Field ; GSM ; Geopotential ; Gravity Field ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Gravity Anomaly ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 182
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    GFZ GravIS RL06 Ocean Bottom Pressure Anomalies (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-21
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Version History:09 June 2020: Release of Version 0002. This is an update of Version 0001 of the same data set. All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section. Previously released versions of this data set are available at ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/OBP/old_versions---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on GFZ RL06 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2019) representing Ocean Bottom Pressure (OBP) variations provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over ocean areas. The OBP grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain seven different variables:1) 'barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure2) 'std_barslv': gravity-based barystatic sea-level pressure uncertainties3) 'resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure resobp4) 'std_resobp': gravity-based residual ocean circulation pressure uncertainties5) 'leakage': apparent gravity-based bottom pressure due to continental leakage6) 'model_ocean': background-model ocean circulation pressure7) 'model_atmosphere': background-model atmospheric surface pressureThese Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/OBP
    Schlagwort(e): Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Ocean Bottom Pressure ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 183
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    GFZ GravIS RL06 Continental Water Storage Anomalies (2019)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-04-21
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Version History:9 June 2020:Release of Version 0002. This is an update of Version 0001 of the same data set. All changes and updates are documented in the changelog available via the data download section. Previously released versions of this data set are available at ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/TWS/old_versions.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------GRACE/GRACE-FO Level-3 product based on GFZ RL06 Level-2B products (Dahle & Murböck, 2019) representing Terrestrial Water Storage (TWS) anomalies provided at 1° latitude-longitude grids as defined over all continental regions except Greenland and Antarctica. The TWS anomaly grids are provided in NetCDF format divided into yearly batches. The files each contain four different variables:1) 'tws': gravity-based TWS2) 'std_tws': gravity-based TWS uncertainties3) 'leakage': spatial leakage contained in TWS4) 'model_atmosphere': background model atmospheric massThese Level-3 products are visualized at GFZ's web portal GravIS (http://gravis.gfz-potsdam.de). Link to data products: ftp://isdcftp.gfz-potsdam.de/grace/GravIS/GFZ/Level-3/TWS
    Schlagwort(e): Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) ; GRACE Follow-on (GRACE-FO) ; Level-3 ; Mass ; Mass Transport ; Total Water Storage ; Time Variable Gravity ; Mass Balance ; Satellite Geodesy ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD ; Earth Observation Satellites 〉 NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder 〉 GRACE
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 184
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    Global magnetic observatory data 2014 (2019)
    INTERMAGNET ; Altay-Sayan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia) ; Bureau Central de Magnétisme Terrestre, BCMT (France) ; [weitere]
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-06-20
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: Definitive digital values of the Earth's mangetic field recorded during 2014 at INTERMAGNET observatories around the world. Data includes minute, hourly and daily vector values, along with observatory baseline values for quality control. Annual means are also included. All data is included on the single downloadable archive file (gzipped tar format) available from this landing page. This is the 24th annual publication in the series. Some national data institutions may have related DOIs that describe subsets of the data. These DOIs are shown under "Related DOIs to be quoted".For more information on the data formats used in this publication and the technical standards used to create the data, please refer to the INTERMAGNET Technical Manual and the Technical note TN6 "INTERMAGNET Definitive One-second Data Standard"..
    Beschreibung: Methods
    Beschreibung: Geomagnetic data is recorded and quality controlled at the institutions responsible for each observatory. Before becoming a member of INTERMAGNET, institutes must make a detailed submission for each observatory that is to join. This submission is verified by a committee in INTERMAGNET before the observatory is admitted. Only data from INTERMAGNET members is published by INTERMAGNET. Each annual definitive data set is checked for quality by a team of data checkers in INTERMAGNET before the data is admitted to the series for that year.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Real-time Magnetic Observatory Network (INTERMAGNET) is the global network of observatories, monitoring the Earth's magnetic field. The INTERMAGNET programme exists to establish a global network of cooperating digital magnetic observatories, adopting modern standard specifications for measuring and recording equipment, in order to facilitate data exchange and the production of geomagnetic products in close to real time. INTERMAGNET also coordinates the publication of quality-controlled, definitive geomagnetic data from its affiliated observatories.
    Schlagwort(e): definitive data ; INTERMAGNET ; geomagnetism ; magnetism ; observatory ; definitive ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOLOGICAL ADVISORIES 〉 GEOMAGNETISM ; In Situ Land-based Platforms 〉 GEOPHYSICAL STATIONS/NETWORKS 〉 GEOMAGNETIC STATIONS
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 1 Files
    Format: application/octet-stream
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    DATEN GFZ
  • 185
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    Unfolding Community Structure in Rainfall Network of Germany Using Complex Network-Based Approach (2019)
    In:  Water Resources and Environmental Engineering II
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-02-14
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION PIK
  • 186
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    Responding with love to a civilization in crisis. What if our efforts to create a more just and caring world weren’t separated from our efforts to adapt to near-term social collapse? (2019)
    In:  openDemocracy, 11.08.2019
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 187
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    Air Pollution in the Hindu Kush Himalaya (2019)
    In:  The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Air pollution has large impacts on the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), affecting not just the health of people and ecosystems, but also climate, the cryosphere, monsoon patterns, water availability, agriculture, and incomes (established but incomplete). Although the available data are not comprehensive, they clearly show that the HKH receives significant amounts of air pollution from within and outside of the region, including the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), a region where many rural areas are severely polluted. In addition, the HKH receives transboundary pollution from other parts of Asia. This chapter surveys the evidence on regional air pollution and considers options for reducing it, while underlining the need for regional collaboration in mitigation efforts. As described in Chap. 1, the HKH region is fragile and rapidly changing; while the outcome of the interplay of complex drivers is difficult to predict, it will have major consequences. That holds true for air pollution as well.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 188
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    Trading for Good. How Global Trade Can be Made to Serve People Not Money (2019)
    Zed Books Ltd
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Trade is the lifeblood of the global economy, but few would consider it a social good. Instead, our views on trade have polarized between two extremes: ‘free trade’ ideologues who regard trade as an end in itself, and ‘protectionists’ who view it as a destructive force to be contained. But there is another way to trade – one with the interests of people, not profit, at its heart. In this visionary work Christian Felber, founder of the Economy for the Common Good movement, offers a dazzling new paradigm for the global trading order. Confronting the ‘free trade religion’ which has reigned since Adam Smith, Felber champions an alternative approach in which trade serves the wider interests of society, incorporating the key issues of our time: human rights, climate change, and the growing divide richer and poorer countries. He proposes the groundbreaking idea of an ‘Ethical Trade Zone’, founded on a principled approach to tariffs and trade policies, and built with international cooperation on trade, taxation and labour.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 189
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    Policy pathways for Spain’s energy transition (2019)
    In:  MUSTEC Policy Brief Series
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This paper describes and quantifies three different energy policy pathways for Spain’s energy transition: government-centred, represented by the socialist party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español, PSOE); market-centred, represented by the conservative party (Partido Popular, PP); and grassroots, represented by Unidas Podemos.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 190
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    Regional Ocean Governance in the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework (2019)
    In:  Background briefs for 2020 Ocean Pathways Week, Montreal, 11-15 November 2019
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 191
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    The Anthropocene and Governance: Critical Reflections on Conceptual Relations (2019)
    In:  The Anthropocene Debate and Political Science | Routledge Research in Global Environmental Governance
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 192
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    Is it up to them? Individual leverages for sufficiency (2019)
    In:  GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Sufficiency is one important strategy for sustainable development. At an individual level, we need a better understanding of the relationship between sufficiency attitude and CO2 footprint. In this paper, we analyze sufficiency as a psychological determinant of low-carbon lifestyles and introduce an empirical measurement scale for individual sufficiency attitudes. Sufficiency aims at a total reduction of resource consumption, which is urgently needed to achieve our climate and sustainable development goals. This paper explores individual attitude towards a sufficiency-oriented lifestyle as a driver of a low carbon footprint. Survey data of 310 participants was analyzed to test whether individual sufficiency attitude manifests in people’s carbon footprint. The results provide evidence for this relationship but its strength varies between behavioral domains ‐ that is, heating, electricity, food consumption, everyday mobility, air travel. Potential structural and individual barriers to reducing CO2 emissions are discussed as possible factors that could explain differences between the behavioral domains. We argue that intrapersonal factors matter for sustainable lifestyles but that policy-making and structural change should complement and facilitate voluntary endeavors to achieve low-carbon lifestyles.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 193
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    Result data related to "Tröndle et al (2019): Home-made or imported. On the possibility for renewable electricity autarky on all scales in Europe" (2019)
    Zenodo
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: The files include results to out study investigating the possibility for renewable electricity autarky in Europe. For each administrative unit on the continental, national, regional, and municipal levels these files include: * Name, country, population, current electricity demand, land cover statistics, shared coast with exclusive economic zone * Potential in terms of area [km2], installable capacity [MW], annual electricity yield [TWh]
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/annotation
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    CITATION RIFS
  • 194
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    Vulnerability, Response-Ability, and the Promise of Making Refuge (2019)
    In:  Religions
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This paper proposes “making refuge” as a conceptual placeholder and an analytical rubric, a guiding ethos and praxis, for the engaged Buddhist aspiration of responding to the social, political, economic, and planetary crises facing the world. Making refuge is conceived as the work of building the conditions of trust and safety necessary for living and dying well together as co-inhabitants of diverse communities and habitats. The paper will explain the rationale for making refuge by connecting the dharmic understanding of dukkha with feminist conceptualizations of the body and vulnerability. This will chart some theoretical and methodological pathways for engaged Buddhism to further its liberatory aspirations in reciprocity with emergent movements in radical critical theory, contemplative studies, and social and ecological activism. The paper will also examine the effects of white supremacy in U.S. Buddhism through the framework of making refuge. This will demonstrate how political healing and restorative justice might be cultivated through a dispositional ethics that pays appropriate attention to the vulnerabilities facing oppressed people.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 195
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    Future skills and job creation through renewable energy in South Africa. Assessing the co-benefits of decarbonising the power sector (2019)
    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS), CSIR Energy Centre
    In:  IASS Study | COBENEFITS Study
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This study analyses the employment impacts of different plans for expanding electricity generation in South Africa’s power sector; this was carried out in the context of the COBENEFITS1 project with the aim of assessing the co-benefits of a low-carbon energy transition in the country. Four scenarios for the future development of the electricity sector in South Africa were analysed: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Least Cost planning scenario (CSIR_LC); Department of Environmental Affairs Rapid Decarbonisation scenario (DEA_RD); Integrated Resource Plan 2016 (IRP 2016); and Integrated Resource Plan Policy Adjusted scenario 2018 (IRP 2018).
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 196
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    From voluntary commitments to ocean sustainability (2019)
    In:  Science
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 197
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    Strengthening International Cooperation for a Global Energy Transition (2019)
    In:  IASS Policy Brief
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: This policy brief makes three recommendations for strengthening international cooperation in support of a global energy transition.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 198
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    Protecting the Global Commons. The Politics of Planetary Boundaries (2019)
    In:  Routledge Handbook of the Study of the Commons | Routledge Handbooks
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 199
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    Summary for Decision-Makers – Regional Ocean Governance of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction: Lessons Learnt and Ways Forward (2019)
    Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations (IDDRI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 200
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    Human mobility and health in a warming world (2019)
    In:  Journal of travel medicine
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-07-18
    Beschreibung: Humans have a long history of mobility on a spectrum from voluntary migration to forced displacement in response to social, political and environmental change. While many migration drivers exist, climate change is likely to amplify the environmental drivers of migration. At least 1.5°C of warming above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052 are projected if global warming continues to increase at the current rate. The associated impacts are diverse and include temperature and precipitation extremes in most inhabited regions and increased probability of drought and flood. Migration can be an important and useful adaptive response to climate impacts when it increases household resilience and reduces socio-economic vulnerabilities, and yet can also have negative health consequences. The climate–migration–health nexus entails complex interactions including the following: first, climate-related risks to health faced by migrants at all stages of the migration journey. Second, the impacts of migration itself on health with possible specific health implications of climate-related migration. This article provides a brief overview of climate-related migration, identifies climate hotspots where substantial migration and displacement are anticipated and explores the health implications of climate-related migration.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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