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  • Springer  (44,622)
  • American Meteorological Society
  • Seismological Society of America (SSA)
  • 1980-1984  (45,417)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1982  (45,417)
  • 101
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    Dr. h. c. Dr. h.c. Friedrich Georgi vollendete 65. Lebensjahr (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 136-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02240449
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  • 102
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    Treffen der Gruppe Bundesrepublik Deutschland des Internationalen Ringes der Jagdwissenschaftler in Oberammergau (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 137-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02240450
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  • 103
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    IV. Referate (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02240451
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  • 104
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    Electronic Resource
    Die Muffelwildvorkommen im Lande Nordrhein-Westfalen (II)2 (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 88-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The first part of this analysis introduces the 26 free-living populations, elaborates on the history of their introduction, describes their development and outlines the boundaries of their present distribution. The total population size is presently estimated at about 1300, the annual hunter harvest amounts to 350 to 400. Table 1 gives information about the habitats of these 26 populations, and in Table 2 biological factors of the populations are dealt with. The mean population size is about 40 animals, but 4 herds consists of 4 or less sheep, while 3 populations have 100 and more members. The size of the ranges varies accordingly. Some small populations in the vicinity of large cities (Dortmund, Bielefeld, Siegen) occupy habitats of 300 to 400 ha in size, others in the mountainous “Hochsauerland” may range over 6000 ha. Table 3 lists characteristics of the populations in regard to colour of the hide, percentage of ewes with horns, susceptability to diseases and parasites. Female sheep with horns have been observed in 12 populations, but only in 3 was that percentage 40 % or more. In 8 populations all rams have the typical “saddle” (“saddle” refers to a light grey-coloured saddle-shaped piece of the hide on the otherwise dark brown back of these sheep), in 13 populations such rams with saddles dominate, while dark rams (melanistic phase) make up less than 10 %. These two colour phases are of about equal magnitude in 7 populations. A woolly coat, which indicates cross-breeding with domestic sheep, has only been sporadically observed in 2 populations. The facial mask (the amount and configuration of white hair in an otherwise dark face) was recognized as a reliable characteristic for determining age in 7 populations, in 6 other populations it is rejected as unpredictable. In the majority its use for recognizing age of the sheep is only recommended in connection with other characteristics. Excessive outgrowing of houres of hooves was observed in 70 % of the mufflon herds. A very high parasite load was reported for 3 populations. The second part of this analysis deals with population dynamics and trophy quality. Table 5 gives population specific characteristics of horns of rams, such as annual growth increments, horn curl diameter and horn spread. Also listed are the percentage of those rams whose horns have the tendency of growing back into the neck or skull; or directly translated, so-called “in-growers”. In Table 4 dressed weights of moufflon sheep of both sexes are given. Great variations exist between different populations in regard to trophy quality. To some extent this difference is caused by differing percentage of rams with “in-growing” horns, referred to above. This characteristic forces the culling of such affected rams, at an early age — an age long before optimum trophy quality is reached. Of 23 populations inspected, only 6 had no rams with this characteristic. In 8 populations 50 % or more of the rams are affected. With few exceptions, the best horn growth characteristics were documented in relatively small, expanding populations, which also exhibited the largest body sizes. The paper concludes with a discussion on the interrelations between population dynamics and population quality.
    Abstract: Résumé Les implantations actuelles du Mouflon dans le Land sont décrites. La première partie de ce travail est consacrée à la présentation des 26 „populations“ vivant en parcours libre, à l'historique de leur acclimatation, l'évolution de leurs effectifs, les limites de leurs aires de distribution. L'effectif total est estimé à quelque 1300 têtes tandis que le tableau de tir annuel s'élève à 350 à 400 têtes. Le Tableau 1 fournit les cotes de bonité stationnelle de 26 implantations; au Tableau 2, on trouve une énumération des facteurs biologiques des populations. La taille moyenne des „populations“ est de 40 mais 4 peuplements comptent 10 têtes ou moins tandis que 3 autres totalisent 100 têtes et plus. Quelques implantations suburbaines (Dortmund, Bielefeld, Siegen) sont établies sur quelque 300 à 400 ha, d'autres, comme dans le Haut-Sauerland, occupent plus de 6000 ha. Le Tableau 3 renseigne des caractères des populations en question comme la couleur du pelage, le pourcentage de brebis à cornes et la sensibilité aux maladies. Des brebis à cornes ont été notées dans 12 „populations“ mais 3 seulement révèlent un pourcentage de 40 et plus. Dans 8 situations, tous les béliers portent la tache de selle typique; dans 13 autres, ce caractère est dominant tandis que 10 % des sujets présentent un pelage uniformément foncé. Dans 7 situations, il y a équilibre entre la fréquence de ces deux caractères. Le pelage laineux, révélateur d'un croisement avec le mouton domestique, n'est décelé que sporadiquement dans deux situations. Le masque du visage n'est retenu comme critère fiable de jugement de l'animal que dans 7 territoires; dans 6 autres, on ne lui accorde aucun crédit. Dans la plupart des cas le masque du visage n'est retenu comme critère de jugement qu'en association avec d'autres caractères. Dans 90 % des „populations“ on observe le phénomène de sur-développement des ongles. Dans 3 territoires, une forte infection parasitaire constitue un problème. La deuxième partie de ce travail concerne la dynamique de population et le développement des cornes. Le Tableau 4 renseigne des caractéristiques des cornes propres aux populations concernées, telles que les taux de croissance annuels, le diamètre de la courbe intérieure et l'envergure. On indique également, dans les différentes „populations“, le pourcentage des sujets dont les cornes sont dites „rentrantes“. Le Tableau 5 renseigne les poids de venaison. De grandes variations existent de „population“ à „population“ en ce qui concerne la qualité des trophées. Celle-ci dépend en partie d'une plus ou moins grande proportion de sujets à cornes rentrantes, ce qui nécessite une élimination prématurée. Parmi les 23 „populations“ examinées sous cet angle, 3 seulement ne présentent pas de cas de cornes rentrantes. Dans 8 des peuplements étudiés, 50 % ou plus des béliers présentent cette malformation. A quelques exceptions près, les taux de croissance et les poids de venaison les plus élevés sont notés dans des „populations“ relativement peu importantes et se trouvant en phase d'expansion. Le travail se conclut par une discussion à propos des corrélations entre dynamique et qualité de populations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die gegenwärtig im Lande Nordrhein-Westfalen vorkommenden Muffelwildbestände werden beschrieben. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit stellt die 26 freilebenden Populationen vor, erläutert die Geschichte ihrer Einbürgerung, die Entwicklung der Bestände, die Begrenzung ihrer Areale. Der Gesamtbestand wird auf ungefähr 1300 geschätzt, die jährliche Strecke beträgt 350 bis 400 Stück. Tabelle 1 gibt über Standortfaktoren der 26 Vorkommen Auskunft; in Tabelle 2 werden biologische Faktoren der Populationen aufgezählt. Die mittlere Populationsgröße beträgt etwa 40, aber 4 Bestände haben 10 oder weniger Tiere, während 3 Bestände sich aus 100 und mehr Tieren zusammensetzen. Die Größe der Einstände variiert entsprechend. Einige kleine Vorkommen in Großstadtnähe (Dortmund, Bielefeld, Siegen) leben auf 300 bis 400 ha, andere imHochsauerland nehmen über 6000 ha ein. Tabelle 3 befaßt sich mit Merkmalen der Populationen wie Färbung der Decke, Prozentsatz von gehörnten Schafen und Anfälligkeit für Krankheiten. Gehörnte Schafe wurden in 12 Vorkommen registriert, nur in 3 ist der Prozentsatz 40 % und mehr. In 8 Beständen haben alle Widder den typischen Sattelfleck, in 13 weiteren Beständen sind solche Widder dominierend, während Schwärzlinge weniger als 10 % ausmachen. In 7 Vorkommen halten sich Schwärzlinge und Widder mit dem arteigenen Sattelfleck etwa die Waage. Wollige Behaarung, die auf Hausschafeinkreuzung hindeutet, kommt nur noch vereinzelt in 2 Beständen vor. Die Gesichtsmaske wird nur für 7 Bestände als ein zuverlässiges Ansprechmerkmal bezeichnet, in 6 Vorkommen wird sie vollständig abgelehnt. In der Mehrzahl der Vorkommen wird die Gesichtsmaske als Ansprechmerkmal nur im Zusammenhang mit anderen Eigenschaften empfohlen. In 98 % der Vorkommen ist Schalenauswachsen beobachtet worden. In 3 Beständen bereitet ein hoher Parasitenbefall Probleme. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Populationsdynamik und Schneckenqualität. Tabelle 5 gibt populations-spezifische Merkmale der Schnecken wieder, wie jährliche Zuwachsraten, Innenkreisdurchmesser und Auslage. Aufgeführt ist ebenfalls der Prozentsatz der Einwachser in den einzelnen Beständen. Tabelle 4 führt Wildbretgewichte auf. Große Variationen bestehen zwischen den Beständen in bezug auf die Trophäenqualität. Diese sind zum Teil durch einen mehr oder weniger großen Anteil von Einwachsern bedingt, was einen frühen Abschuß erforderlich macht — einen Abschuß bevor das Reifealter in bezug auf die Trophäenqualität erreicht ist. Von den 23 diesbezüglich untersuchten Populationen weisen nur 3 keine Einwachser auf. In 8 der betroffenen Bestände haben 50 % oder mehr der Widder diese Veranlagung. Mit wenigen Ausnahmen wurden die höchsten Schneckenzuwachsraten und die größen Wildbretgewichte in verhältnismäßig kleinen, wachsenden Populationen beobachtet. Die Arbeit schließt mit einer Diskussion über die Zusammenhänge zwischen Populationsdynamik und Populationsqualität.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02240441
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  • 105
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    Ergebnisse von Losungsuntersuchungen an einer Auerwild-population in den Vogesen (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 162-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Qualitative analysis of Capercaillie faeces in a research district in the Northern Vosges Mountains showed a strong preference for Pinus sylvestris and Pinus mugo needles in the winter period and for non-lignified parts of Vaccinium spec. in the summer period. Abies alba needles and buds of the afore-mentioned conifers were also eaten in winter. The widely occurring Picea abies was not used for nutrition. During summer, remnants of the following plants were identified from the faeces. Abies alba, Calluna vulgaris, Fagus silvatica, Luzula silvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Pteridophyta, Sorbus aucuparia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum. Insect components were found in the faeces of hens during the breeding period and during rearing of the young. Grit was mainly picked up in the first half of September and in early March.
    Abstract: Résumé Des analyses qualitatives de fientes du Grand Tétras dans une zone de recherches du Nord des Vosges révèlent une forte préférence d' aiguilles de Pinus sylvestris et de Pinus mugo en période hivernale et de parties non-lignifiées de Vaccinium spec. en période estivale. En hiver, les Tétras mangent en outre des aiguilles d' Abies alba et des bourgeons des conifères mentionnés. L' Epicéa, très répandu dans la zone d' études, n'intervient pas dans leur alimentation. Dans les fientes récoltées au cours de la période estivale, on note l'ensemble des plantes suivantes: Abies alba, Calluna vulgaris, Fagus silvatica, Luzula silvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Pteriodophyta, Sorbus aucuparia, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum. Des éléments animaux sont relevés au cours des périodes de couvaison et d' élevage dans les fientes des poules. Des gastrolithes sont principalement ingérés du début à la mi-septembre et au début mars.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Qualitative Untersuchungen von Auerwildlosung in einem Untersuchungsgebiet der Nordvogesen ergaben eine starke Bevorzugung von Waldkiefer- und Bergkiefernadeln im Winterhalbjahr und von unverholzten Teilen der Gattung Vaccinium im Sommerhalbjahr. Im Winter wurden außerdem Tannennadeln und Knospen der erwähnten Koniferen geäst. Die in großem Umfang vorkommende Fichte wurde als Nahrungspflanze verschmäht. Im Sommerhalbjahr wurden insgesamt folgende Pflanzen in der Nahrung festgestellt: Tanne, Heidekraut, Buche, Waldhainsimse, Waldkiefer, Farne, Vogelbeere, Heidelbeere, Moorbeere. Tierische Bestandteile wurden in der Brut- und Aufzuchtphase in Hennenlosung gefunden. Gastrolithen werden schwerpunktmäßig Anfang-Mitte September und Anfang März aufgenommen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241926
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  • 106
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    Ergebnisse einer Streckenanalyse beim Feldhasen (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 178-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The purpose of this investigation was to find out how the annual kill results in the canton of Thurgovie (Switzerland) from 1932 to 1979 have changed under the influence of air temperature and precipitation. The investigation showed that the influence of weather factors depends on periods of time of varying length and that monthly meteorological values give better results than seasonal ones. Both these aspects must be considered for the kill analysis to be as informative as possible. Within the general climatic conditions, air temperature was of the greatest importance for the abundance dynamics of the field hare from October to December as well as in August and September whereas precipitation played a rather subordinate role in January and September only. The negative influence of mild winters proved to be considerable since such winters encourage the outbreak of Coccidiose and their influence is all the more pronounced the longer the sequence of mild winters lasts. The combination of some specific weather factors allowed the reconstruction of the actual kill development with a high degree of accuracy. The conclusion may therefore be drawn that the marked fluctuations of kill results in the canton of Thurgovie are mainly due to the weather and are not the result of hunting activities, predators, or agricultural methods.
    Abstract: Résumé La présente étude se propose d' examiner, pour le canton de Thurgovie en Suisse, comment, sous l'influence de la température de l'air et des précipitations les tableaux de chasse annuels ont évolué durant la période qui s'étend de 1932 à 1979. Il s'est avéré que l'action des éléments météorologiques diffère selon la longueur de la période pour laquelle ils sont calculés, et que les valeurs mensuelles offrent de meilleurs résultats que celles des saisons. Ces deux points sont à prendre en compte pour qu'une telle analyse de tableaux livre le plus d'informations possible. Etant donné le climat général, c'est la température de l'air entre octobre et décembre, ainsi que la température des mois d'août et de septembre, qui exerça l'influence la plus marquée sur l'évolution quantitative des populations du Lièvre; en revanche, les précipitations ne jouèrent un rôle, à vrai dire secondaire, qu'en janvier et septembre. En favorisant l'apparition de la coccidiose, les températures hivernales élevées ont un effet négatif, d'autant plus net que la suite des hivers doux persiste, dont l'importance s' est révélée considérable. Grâce à l'action conjuguée de quelques éléments métérologiques choisis, il a été possible de reproduire avec beaucoup de précision l'évolution des tableaux. On en arrive à la conclusion que les fluctuations prononcées que l'on observe dans les tableaux de chasse du canton de Thurgovie sont à assigner principalement aux conditions météorologiques et non à la chasse, aux prédateurs ou aux méthodes d'exploitation en vigueur dans l'agriculture.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurde für den Kanton Thurgau (Schweiz) die Frage geprüft, wie sich im Zeitraum zwischen 1932 und 1979 die Jahresstrecken unter dem Einfluß der Lufttemperatur und des Niederschlages verändert haben. Es zeigt sich dabei, daß die Wirksamkeit der Witterungselemente an unterschiedlich lange Zeiträume gebunden ist und daß die meteorologischen Werte der Monate bessere Ergebnisse liefern als diejenigen der Jahreszeiten. Beides muß berücksichtigt werden, wenn die Streckenanalyse möglichst aufschlußreich gestaltet werden soll. Unter dem gegebenen Allgemeinklima erlangte die Lufttemperatur zwischen Oktober und Dezember sowie während der Monate August und September für die Abundanzdynamik des Feldhasen die größte Bedeutung; die Niederschläge spielten dagegen einzig im Januar und September eine eher untergeordnete Rolle. Als bemerkenswert hoch erwies sich die negative Wirkung hoher Wintertemperaturen, die das Aufkommen der Coccidiose begünstigen und um so stärker zur Geltung kommen, je länger die Folge milder Winter andauert. Durch das Zusammenwirken einiger ausgewählter Witterungselemente ließ sich der ausgewiesene Streckenverlauf mit hoher Genauigkeit nachvollziehen. Daraus darf der Schluß gezogen werden, daß im Kanton Thurgau die ausgeprägten Schwankungen im Streckenverlauf zur Hauptsache der Witterung und nicht der Jagd, dem Raubwild oder den landwirtschaftlichen Nutzungsmethoden zuzuschreiben sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241928
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  • 107
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    Untersuchungen über die Endoparasiten des Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus) und Versuche zu ihrer Bekämpfung (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 169-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 60 hares were shot in driven shoots in hunting districts near Bayreuth/Bavaria and their digestive tracts, lungs, and some of the livers were examined for endoparasites. All hares were infested. 96,7 % of them accomodated helminths and in particular 96,5 %Trichostrongylus retoraeformis with an average number of worms of 409, 40,7 %Trichuris leporis (Ø 21), 3,4 % (2 animals) Passalurus ambiguus (Ø 936) and 44,1 % the lungwormProtostrongylus pulmonalis. One hare was infested with the cestodeMosgovoyia pectinata. Graphidium strigosum, Fasciola hepatica andDicrocelium dendriticum could not be found. — 83,1 % of the hares gave out coccidia oocysts. The most frequent species wasEimeria semisculpta (81,4 %), followed byE. leporis (37,3 %),E. europaea (22 %), andE. robertsoni (20,3 %). — Considerable differences in the frequency and intensity of the infestation could not be observed within various groups of hares such as male — female animals, younger — older, in good — poor condition or with bodyweights more — less then 3,6 kg. Only lungworms seemed to be more frequent in older (56,3 %) than in younger animals (28 %) and also in hares with a bodyweight less than 3,6 kg (50 %) compared with those of 3,6 kg and more (36 %). For the treatment of the infestation with endoparasites Fenbendazol (Panacur®) in a dosage of 5 mg/kg bodyweight per animal and day against the roundworms and 2 ml Whitsyn®-S per animal to reduce the giving off of oocysts, both medicaments mixed together with Carosil (100 g per hare and day), were put out to the animals for 5 days. It is supposed that the irregular intake of the medicated feed due to the mild weather is the reason for this experiment in therapy producing no evident success.
    Abstract: Résumé Dans des territoires de chasse aux environs de Bayreuth (Bavière), le tractus digestif, les poumons et quelques foies de 60 lièvres tirés lors de chasses en battue ont été analysés en ce qui concerne leur endoparasitisme. Tous les lièvres étaient contaminés: 96,7 % hébergeaient des Helminthes à savoir 96,5 % de Trichostrongylus retortaeformis (avec un nombre de larves moyen de 409), 40,7 % de Trichuris leporis (Ø 21), 3,4 % (2 sujets) de Passalurus ambiguus (Ø 936) et 44,1 % de vers pulmonaires Protostrongylus pulmonalis. Un animal était contaminé par le ver plat Mosgovoyia pectinata. Graphidium strigosum, Fasciola hepatica et Dicrocoelium dendriticum étaient absents. 83,1 % des lièvres expulsaient des oocytes de coccidies. L'expèce la plus fréquente était Eimeria semisculpta (81,4 %) suivie d'E. leporis (37,3 %), d'E. europaea (22 %) et d'E. robertsoni (20,3 %). Des différences importantes de fréquence et d'intensité de contamination n'apparurent pas en regroupant les sexes, les classes d'âge, la condition alimentaire, les catégories de poids inférieurs ou supérieurs à 3,6 kg. Les vers pulmonaires furent les seuls à être apparemment plus fréquents chez les sujets d'âge moyen (56,3 %) par rapport aux jeunes (28 %) et chez les lièvres avec un poids inférieur à 3,6 kg (50 %) par rapport à ceux présentant un poids supérieur à 3,6 kg (36 %). En vue du traitement anti-parasitaire, une dose de 5 mg/kg de poids corporel par animal et par jour de Fenbendazol (Panacur®) — pour combattre les vers ronds — et une dose de 2 ml de Whitsyn®-S par animal pendant 5 jours pour réduire l'excrétion d'oocytes — ont été appliquées en mélange avec du marc de Carosil à raison de 100 gr par animal et par jour. On présume que, par suite d'une adoption irrégulière liée à des conditions atmosphériques trop clémentes, cette tentative thérapeutique resta sans effet notoire.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung In Revieren um Bayreuth/Bayern wurden 60 Hasen auf Treibjagden erlegt und ihre Gescheide (Magen-Darmtrakt, Lunge und teilweise Leber) auf Endoparasiten untersucht. Alle Hasen waren befallen. 96,7 % beherbergten Helminthen und zwar 96,5 % Trichostrongylus retortaeformis mit einer durchschnittlichen Wurmzahl von 409, 40,7 % (Trichuris leporis (Ø 21), 3,4 % (2 Tiere) Passalurus ambiguus (Ø 936) und 44,1 % die Lungenwürmer Protostrongylus pulmonalis. Ein Tier war mit dem Bandwurm Mosgovoyia pectinata befallen. Graphidium strigosum, Fasciola hepatica und Dicrocoelium dendriticum kamen nicht vor. — 83,1 % der Hasen schieden Kokzidienoozysten aus. Die am häufigsten auftretende Art war Eimeria semisculpta (81,4 %), dann folgten E. leporis (37,3 %), E. europaea (22 %) und E. robertsoni (20,3 %). — Erhebliche Unterschiede in der Befallshäufigkeit und -intensität traten innerhalb verschiedener Gruppierungen wie männliche — weibliche Hasen, junge — mitteljährige, in gutem — schlechtem Ernährungszustand sowie mit einem Gewicht über — unter 3,6 kg nicht auf. Lediglich Lungenwürmer schienen bei mitteljährigen Tieren (56,3 %) häufiger zu sein als bei jungen (28 %) und bei Hasen mit einem Gewicht unter 3,6 kg öfter (50 %) vorzukommen als bei solchen über 3,6 kg (36 %). Zur medikamentellen Behandlung des Endoparasitenbefalls wurden 5 Tage lang Fenbendazol (Panacur®) in einer Dosierung von 5 mg/kg KGW pro Tier und Tag zur Bekämpfung der Rundwürmer und 2 ml Whitsyn®-S pro Tier für 5 Tage zur Reduktion der Oozystenausscheidung mit Carosil-Trester (100 g pro Tier und Tag) vermischt angeboten. Es wird vermutet, daß durch die unregelmäßige Annahme infolge zu milder Witterung dieser Therapieversuch zu keinem nachweisbaren Erfolg führte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241927
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  • 108
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    Kurt Mantel gestorben (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02241931
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  • 109
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    Zur Praxis der programmierten Jägerprüfung (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 193-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The increasing application of programmed exercises in various examination procedures is taken as the occasion to analyse the possibility of introduction of programmed questions within the scope of the written part of hunting examinations. An investigation of the current procedure in the States of the Federal Republic of Germany shows that in six Federal States the written hunting examination is either fully or partly conducted in programmed form, while in five States questions are posed without a choice of answers being provided. Positive and negative comments from the Supreme Hunting Authorities reflect the manifold attitudes on this subject. The article presents fundamental requirements of programmed examinations as well as their main advantages and disadvantages. A critical assessment of programmed exercises shows that their introduction within the scope of the hunting examination seems appropriate because thus at least two parts of the entire examination — the shooting and the written examination — fulfil the criterion of objective measurement of performance. Finally, by way of illustration, examples of programmed hunting examination questions are anexed.
    Abstract: Résumé L'usage croissant d'épreuves programmées pour l'examen d'aptitude cynégétique amène à s'interroger sur les possibilités de cette techniques dans le cadre de l'épreuve écrite de cet examen. Une étude sur les modalités de cette épreuve en République fédérale allemande révèle que, dans six Länder, l'épreuve écrite est complètement ou partiellement réalisée sous une forme programmée, tandis que dans cinq autres les questions sont posées sans un choix de réponses. Les prises de position positives et négatives des autorités supérieures en matière de chasse montrent la multiplicité des opinions à ce sujet. Les conditions indispensables posées aux épreuves programmées ainsi que leurs avantages et leurs inconvénients sont exposés. Une évaluation critique du système montre que son utilisation dans le cadre de l'examen d'aptitude cynégétique apparait comme justifié puisqu'ainsi deux parties au moins de l'ensemble de l'examen — le tir et l'épreuve écrite — satisfont au critère d'évaluation objective. Finalement, des exemples d'épreuves d'aptitude cynégétique programmées sont donnés à titre d'illustration.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die zunehmende Verwendung programmierter Aufgaben in unterschiedlichen Prüfungsverfahren wird zum Anlaß genommen, die Einsatzmöglichkeit programmierter Fragestellungen im Rahmen des schriftlichen Teils von Jägerprüfungen zu analysieren. Eine Untersuchung über die derzeitige Verfahrensweise in den Ländern der Bundesrepublik Deutschland zeigt, daß in sechs Bundesländern die schriftliche Jägerprüfung ganz bzw. zum Teil in programmierter Form durchgeführt wird, während in fünf Ländern Fragen ohne vorgegebene Antworten gestellt werden. Positive und negative Stellungnahmen der obersten Jagdbehörden spiegeln die Vielfalt der Meinungen zu diesem Thema wider. Grundlegende Anforderungen an programmierte Prüfungen sowie ihre wesentlichen Vor- und Nachteile werden aufgezeigt. Eine kritische Würdigung programmierter Aufgabenstellungen ergibt, daß ihr Einsatz im Rahmen der Jägerprüfung geeignet erscheint, weil somit mindestens zwei Teile der Gesamtprüfung — das Schießen und die schriftliche Prüfung — das Kriterium objektiver Leistungsmessung erfüllen. Zur Veranschaulichung werden abschließend Beispiele für programmierte Jägerprüfungsfragen angefügt.
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    Beitrag zur Morphometrie und Wachstumsdynamik der Schnecke des Muffelwidders (Ovis ammon musimon, Schreber 1782) (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 145-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The growth dynamics and morphometry of the horns of mufflon rams from Nordrhine-Westfalia are described and compared with other German and European populations. After 7 to 8 years of age rams have horn lengths of 600 to 900 mm. An influence of latitude of the mufflon habitats is indicated, in that rams from southern populations of the total distribution of this wild sheep species put on more horn growth during their first year of life compared to rams from northern populations and reach already 50 % of the total horn length after 2 years. Rams from more northern populations catch up after the third year and often obtain longer total horn lengths. The trophy quality of rams in Nordrhein-Westfalia varies greatly. The Bielefeld populations exceeds all others, including rams from C.S.S.R., in the horn growth rates during the first years. Other populations, for instance those from the Eifel Mountains, are of poor quality. The horn growth dynamics of these rams resemble those of rams from the Isle of Korsika. “Compensating horn growth”, whereby rams, that show poor initial growth make up for it by above-average horn growth in later years, as has been described for American wild sheep, chamois and ibex, could only be demonstrated for a few populations in Nordrhine-Westfalia. The wear of the horn tip of mufflon rams was investigated. In general, it could be demonstrated that this wear rate exceeds new growth put on at the horn base after the 8th year. Growth in horn circumference increases on the average to the 5th year. After that a decrease was observed, which, however, even in 10-year-old rams, did not amount to more than a 5 % reduction in horn circumference. The number of “adornment rings” of “ripples” per annual growth increment decreases with increasing age. A correlation appears to exist between number of such rings and length of the annual increment. There also appears to be a tendency to produce a certain “density of rings” per increment. On the other hand, no tendency could be demonstrated, to produce a certain number of rings per increment, which could have been correlated with “moon phases” or months. The term “monthly ring” instead of “adornment ring” is therefore rejected. The influence of sex glands on horn growth is discussed. An example is given, where a horn grew into the eye of a ram.
    Abstract: Résumé La dynamique de croissance et al morphométrie des cornes du Mouflon des Rhénanie-Westphalie sont décrites et comparées avec celles d'autres populations allemandes et européennes. Les béliers de Mouflon atteignent, après 7 à 8 ans, une longueur moyenne de cornes de 600 à 900 mm. Une influence de la latitude géographique d'origine sur la dynamique de croissance des cornes est perceptible, en ce sens que les béliers, originaires de peublements situés dans la partie méridionale de l'aire de dispersion générale de cet Ovidé, montrent une croissance plus forte au cours de la première année comparée à celle de sujets d'origine septentrionale, de telle sorte qu'après 2 ans, plus de 50 % de la longueur définitive des cornes est formée. Les béliers d'origine septentrionale rattrapent leur retard au cours de la 3ème élongation et atteignent souvent des dimensions finales plus importantes. La qualité des trophées des béliers des peuplements de Rhénanie-Wesphalie varie dans des proportions considérables. Les conformations de Bielefeld dominent toutes les autres — en ce compris celles que l'on retrouve ein Tchécoslovaquie — quant aux taux de croissance au cours des 7 premières années. D'autres conformations, par exemple celle de l'Eifel, sont de qualité moyenne; leur dynamique de croissance se rapproche de celle des béliers de Corse. La «croissance compensée» des cornes suivant laquelle le taux modéré de croissance initiale est compansé par un sur-développement ultérieur des cornes par rapport à la moyenne — à l'instar de ce qui se passe chez les moutons sauvaques américains, le Chamois et le Bouquetin des Alpes — n'a pu être démontrée que chez quelques population de Rhénanie-Westphalie. L'usure des extrémités des cornes a été examinée. On a pu constater qu'en général cette érosion dépassait l'accroissement de la base de la corne à partir de la 8ème année. La circonférence des cornes augmente en moyenne jusqu'à la 5ème année; ensuite s'observe un rétrécissement qui, même chez les sujets de 10 ans, n'entraîne cependant pas de réduction de la circonférence supérieure à 5 %. Le nombre d'annelures par segment annuel diminue avec l'âge. Une corrélation apparait entre le nombre d'annelures et la longueur des segments. On observe également une tendance à la formation d'une certaine densité d'annelures en fonction du taux de croissance des cornes. Par contre, aucune tendance n'a du être déclée quant à la formation d'un certain nombre d'annelures qui aurait pu être mis en corrélation avec les phases lunaires. L'expression «anneau lunaire» au lieu d'annelure décorative («Schmuckwulst») est donc écartée. L'influence des glandes sexuelles sur la croissance des cornes est évoquée. Description est donnée d'un cas de cornes rentrantes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wachstumsdynamik und Morphometrie der Schnecken nordrhein-westfälischer Muffelwidder wird beschrieben und mit anderen deutschen und europäischen Muffelwildbeständen verglichen. Muffelwidder erreichen nach 7 bis 8 Jahren eine Schneckenlänge von durchschnittlich 600 bis 900 mm. Ein Einfluß der geographischen Breite der Vorkommen auf die Wachstumsdynamik der Schnecken deutet sich an, indem Widder von südlichen Beständen des Gesamtareals dieser Wildschafart im ersten Jahr mehr Hornwachstum zeigen als Widder von nördlichen Populationen und nach zwei Jahren bereits über 50 % der Gesamtschneckenlänge ausgebildet haben. Widder von nördlichen Populationen holen aber im 3. Wachstumsabschnitt auf und erreichen oft größere Gesamtschneckenlängen. Die Trophäenqualität der Widder nordrhein-westfälischer Bestände variiert erheblich. Das Bielefelder Vorkommen übertrifft alle anderen, einschließlich tschechoslowakischer Widder, in den Wachstumsraten der ersten 7 Jahre. Andere Vorkommen, zum Beispiel die Eifelbestände, sind von mäßiger Qualität. Ihre Wachstumsdynamik ähnelt der der Widder von Korsika. „Kompensierendes“ Schneckenwachstum, in dem Widder, die anfänglich mäßiges Hornwachstum zeigen, in den späteren Jahren durch überdurchschnittliches Wachstum aufholen, wie es für amerikanische Wildschafe, Gams und Alpensteinbock beschrieben worden ist, konnte nur für wenige nordrhein-westfälische Populationen demonstriert werden. Die Spitzenabnutzung der Widderschnecken wurde untersucht. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß im allgemeinen diese Abnutzungsrate die Zuwachsrate an der Hornbasis ab dem 8. Jahre übertrifft. Das Schneckenumfangswachstum nimmt im Schnitt bis zum 5. Jahre zu, danach wurde ein Zurücksetzen beobachtet, das aber selbst bei zehnjährigen Widdern nicht mehr als eine 5 %ige Umfangsreduktion ausmachte. Die Zahl der Schmuckwülste pro Jahreszuwachsrate nimmt mit zunehmendem Alter ab. Eine Korrelation deutet sich an zwischen Schmuckwulstzahl und Länge der Zuwachsrate. Auch besteht eine Neigung, pro Zuwachsrate eine gewisse Schmuckwulstdichte auszubilden. Dagegen konnte keine Neigung nachgewiesen werden, pro Jahresabschnitt eine bestimmte Anzahl von Wülsten auszubilden, die man mit Mondphasen hätte korrelieren können. Der Ausdruck „Monatsring“ anstatt Schmuckwulst wird daher abgelehnt. Auf einen Einfluß der Sexualdrüsen auf das Schneckenwachstum wird eingegangen. Ein Fall von Schneckeneinwachen ins Licht wird beschrieben.
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    Kongenitale Hydromyelie als Ursache von Bewegungsstörungen bei einem europäischen Luchs (Lynx lynx) (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 202-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A description is given (for the first time) of an anomaly in the central nervous system of an European lynx: the anomaly falls into the category of hydromely. The anomaly was present at birth and at least in reserves was not lethal. Nothing speaks contrary to the fact that ethiological influences play a rôle, similar to genetical influences in other animals (dogs, cattle).
    Abstract: Résumé On décrit pour la première fois chez un lynx européen une anomalie du système nerveaux central qui relève du syndrome de l'Hydromélie. L'anomalie était congénitale mais ne présentait pas de caractère léthal tout au moins pour ce sujet maintenu en enclos. Rien ne contredit le fait que, de façon analogue à ce qui s'observe chez d'autres animaux (Chien, Bovidé), des effets génétiques jouent un rôle sur le plan étiologique.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird (erstmals) beim europäischen Luchs eine Anomalie des Zentralnervensystems beschrieben, die zum Formenkreis der Hydromyelie zählt. Die Anomalie war angeboren, sie wirkte zumindest bei Gehegehaltung nicht letal. Es spricht nichts dagegen, daß ätiologisch, ähnlich wie bei anderen Tieren (Hund, Rind) genetische Einflüsse eine Rolle spielen.
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    Zum 75. Geburtstag von Johannes Brüggemann (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 206-207 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Symposium „Biologie und Bewirtschaftung der Cerviden“ in Front Royal in der Zeit vom 1. bis 5. August 1982 (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    IV. Referate (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 210-212 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    Eine Methode zur botanischen Analyse des Mageninhaltes von Feldhasen (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 252-255 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A microscopic method for botanical analysis of stomach content of hare is described. This method enables the identification of feed plants even to the species of plant.
    Abstract: Résumé Description est faite d'une méthode microscopique d'analyse botanique du contenu stomacal chez le Lièvre brun. Cette méthode permet une identification des constituants alimentaires jusqu' au niveau de l'espèce.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine mikroskopische Methode zur botanischen Mageninhaltsanalyse bei Feldhasen beschrieben, die eine Identifizierung der pflanzlichen Nahrungsbestandteile bis zur Art hin ermöglicht.
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    Die Bedeutung der Landschaftsstruktur für die Populationsdichte des Feldhasen(Lepus europaeus/it Pallas 1778) (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 213-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Based on studies of 100 north-west German game-preserves, a relationship between the relative abundance of the hare (Lepus europaeus) and the types of countryside and the ways in which they are utilized was established. For 98% of the game-preserves the EDV-analysis provides a satisfactory explanation for the possible reasons for the size of the relative abundance. The positive significance of wintergrains, hay-grazing meadows and of the seasonal attractiveness of the habitat provided by edges of bordering woodland (Saumhabitat) became especially apparent. It was determined that no single factor alone influenced the hare, but that the result of the combination of several factors did. This was achieved by subjecting the results to Rotated Analysis (Equimax) which emphasized and clearly divided the favourable and the unfavourable from intensive and extensive utilization of the areas. With the help of the correlation analysis it can be finally pointed out that very large monocultures must be disadvantageous for the hare. Especially in countryside where farming is predominantly mechanised the hare relies on “Saumhabitat” during the “famine periods” caused by harvesting.
    Abstract: Résumé C'est en se basant sur l'étude de 100 districts cynégétiques du nord-ouest de l'Allemagne que l'abondance relative (tableaux de chasse) du Lièvre (Lepus europaeus Pallas 1778) a été mise en corrélation avec la structure paysagère et les modes d'exploitation agricole. Pour 98% des districts cynégétiques, l'analyse de l'EDV apporte une explication satisfaisante quant aux causes probables des taux d'abondance relative. On souligne l'effet favorable des céréales d'hiver, des pâtures de fauche ainsi que l'attrait saisonnier des habitats de lisière constitués de bosquets. Il apparaît qu'aucun des facteurs considéré isolément n'influence le Lièvre mais que ce dernier est affecté par l'effet conjoint de plusieurs facteurs. Dans ce sens, on présente le résultat d'une analyse de type Equimax qui fait très clairement la part entre les effets favorables ou défavorables des surfaces exploitées de façon intensive ou extensive. L'analyse de corrélation permet finalement de montrer que de très grandes monocultures sont défavorables aux populations de lièvres. Dans l'habitat axé sur l'agriculture mécanisée, le Lièvre nécessite des biotopes constitués de lisières pour affronter les périodes de disette résultant des récoltes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Auf der Grundlage von 100 nordwestdeutschen Jagdkreisen wurde die relative Abundanz (Jagdstrekken) des Feldhasen (Lepus europaeus) mit der Landschaftsstruktur und den Bewirtschaftungsformen des Agrarlandes in Beziehung gebracht. Für 98% der Jagdkreise bringt die EDV-Analyse eine befriedigende Aufklärung über die möglichen Gründe für die Höhe der relativen Abundanz. Es wird besonders auf die positive Bedeutung des Wintergetreides, der Mähweiden und auf die saisonale Saumhabitat-Attraktivität der Feldgehölze verwiesen. Herausgestellt wird, daß keiner der Faktoren den Feldhasen einzeln beeinflußt, sondern daß ihn die integrierte Wirkung mehrerer Faktoren trifft. Dafür wird das Ergebnis einer rotierten Hauptachsenfaktorenanalyse vorgestellt, die deutlich getrennt die Gunst bzw. Ungunst von intensiv und extensiv bewirtschafteten Flächen hervorhebt. Mit Hilfe der Korrelationsanalyse kann schließlich darauf hingewiesen werden, daß für den Feldhasenbesatz sehr große Monokulturen nachteilig sind. Der Feldhase benötigt in der maschinell landwirtschaftlich genutzten Landschaft Saumhabitate für die durch die Ernte hervorgerufenen „Hungerperioden“.
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    Die Chromosomen des Auerhahnes (Tetrao urogallus L.) (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 255-259 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary This is a report on the diploid set of chromosomes in the capercaillie. The capercaillie has 18 macrochromosomes: 2 of these are sex chromosomes, and an as yet uncertain number of micro-chromosomes. It is unfortunately unpossible at the moment to gather information for necessary population cytogenetic investigations, since the species has practically died out in Germany.
    Abstract: Résumé Le jeu diploïde des chromosomes de l'Urogalle est constitué de 18 grands chromosomes dont 2 sont des chromosomes sexuels et d'un nombre encore indéterminé de micro-chromosomes. La disponibilité de matériel nécessaire aux recherches sur la cytogénétique de populations de l'Urogalle est actuellement compromise en raison de la quasi-extinction de l'espèce en Allemagne.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über den diploiden Chromosomensatz des Auerhahnes berichtet. Der Auerhahn besitzt 18 Makrochromosomen, 2 davon sind Geschlechtschromosomen, und eine noch nicht sicher bekannte Anzahl von Mikrochromosomen. Die Materialbeschaffung für notwendige populationszytogenetische Untersuchungen ist z. Z. leider nicht möglich, da die Art in Deutschland fast ausgestorben ist.
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    Der Einfluß verschiedener Helminthen-Infektionen auf den Allgemeinzustand, den Erythrozytenhaushalt und die Serumproteine des Rehes (Capreolus capreolus, L. 1758) (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 231-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Experiments were carried out in two periods on the worm infestation of roe deer. In both experimental periods, 4 non-infected roe deer were used as control animals. In the first experimental period, 4 worm-free roe deer were infected 4 times at 8–9 week intervals with 70.000 infections stomach/intestinal worm larvae. The infections caught on in every case, as shown clearly by egg excretion, decrease in the haematocrite and increase in the numbers of leukocites (white blood corpuscles) in the blood. Body weight, antler formation and general condition remained unaffected. Examination of the serum proteins with the carrier electrophoresis and the two-dimensional immune electrophoresis showed that no acut phase reactions occured with this subclinical worm infestation, but that humoral immune reactions (increase of gamma globulin) were activated. In the second experimental period, 4 worm-free roe deer, as well as an „immunized“ buck of the first series of experiments, each received 126.000 stomach/intestinal worm larvae and 24 days later 12.000 lungworms (D. viviparus) each. All the animals became seriously ill, two with acute illness and 3 with chronic illness. Three animals died; the other two could only be saved by anthelmintic treatment. The illness led to an exaggerated disproteinaemia, from which neither a particular age of the roe deer nor the one-year “immunisation” of the first experimental period gave protection.
    Abstract: Résumé Des recherches sur les helminthiases chez le Chevreuil se sont déroulées en deux phases. Chaque fois, 4 chevreuils non contaminés ont servi de témoins. Au cours de la première phase expérimentale, 4 chevreuils indemnes furent contaminés à quatre reprises, à intervalles de 8 à 9 semaines, au moyen de 70 000 larves gastro-intestinales infectantes. L'infection fut chaque fois nettement confirmée par l'expulsion d'oeufs, les résidus hématrocrites et l'augmentation du nombre de leucocytes dans le sang. Le poids du corps, le dévelopement du trophée et la condition générale ne furent en rien affectés. L'examen des séroprotéines par électrophorèse des patients et l'immuno-électrophorèse bi-dimensionnelle montrèrent qu'aucune réaction («Aktphasenreaktionen») n'apparut lors de cette contamination sub-clinique mais que des immuno-réactions humorales (augmentation des gamma-globulines) furent mobilisées. Au cours de la seconde phase expérimentale, on injecta à chacun des 4 chevreuils indemnes de même qu' à un brocard «immunisé» de la première série expérimentale 126 000 larves gastrointestinales et, 24 jours plus tard, 12 000 larves pulmonaires (D. viviparus). Tous les animaux furent rendus gravement malades, deux montrant une pathogénie aigüe et trois une pathogénie chronique. Trois animaux succombèrent, les deux autres ne purent être sauvés que grâce à un traitement anthelminthique. La maladie évolua en une dysprotéinémie, indépendante de l'âge des chevreuils ou de «l'immunisation» durant une année obtenue lors de la première phase expérimentale.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über den Wurmbefall bei Rehen verliefen in zwei Perioden. In beiden Versuchsabschnitten dienten je 4 nicht infizierte Rehe als Kontrolltiere. Im ersten Abschnitt wurden 4 wurmfreie Rehe im Abstand von 8–9 Wochen 4mal mit 70.000 infektiösen Magendarmwurmlarven infiziert. Die Infektionen gingen alle an, was Eiausscheidung, Hämatokritabfall und Anstieg der Leukozytenzahlen im Blut deutlich zeigte. Körpergewicht, Trophäenbildung und Allgemeinzustand blieben unbeeinflußt. Die Untersuchung der Serumproteine mit der Trägerelektrophorese und der zweidimensionalen Immunelektrophorese ergaben, daß keine Akutphasenreaktionen auftraten bei diesem subklinischen Wurmbefall, daß aber humorale Immunreaktionen (Vermehrung von Gammaglobulin) mobilisiert wurden. Im zweiten Abschnitt erhielten 4 wurmfreie Rehe sowie ein „immunisierter“ Bock der ersten Versuchsreihe je 126.000 Magendarmwurmlarven und 24 Tage später je 12.000 Lungenwurmlarven (D. viviparus) appliziert. Alle Tiere erkrankten schwer, zwei mit akutem Krankheitsverlauf und 3 mit chronischem. Drei Tiere verendeten, die beiden anderen waren nur durch anthelmintische Behandlung zu retten. Die Erkrankung führte zu einer ausgeprägten Dysproteinämie, vor der weder ein bestimmtes Alter der Rehe, noch die einjährige „Immunisierung“ des ersten Versuchsabschnitts Schutz gab.
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    Bonner Jägertage 1982 (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of wildlife research 28 (1982), S. 264-283 
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    ISSN: 1439-0574
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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    On the use of penumbras in blocking and antiblocking theory (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 71-81 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Blocking ; Antiblocking ; Polarity ; Penumbra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract E. Johnson has recently shown that the concept of a penumbra leads to a simple geometric description of the blocker and antiblocker of a given set. Here we develop some basic results on penumbras which permit us to slightly generalize and simplify results on their relationship to blocking and antiblocking theory. In addition, motivated by the obvious symmetry of our results, we examine the effect of reversing the blocking and antiblocking operations.
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    On the structure of all minimum cuts in a network and applications (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 121-121 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
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    Heuristics for the fixed cost median problem (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 148-162 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Set Covering Problem ; Median Problem ; Location Problems ; Heuristics ; Worst Case Analysis ; Continuous Location Problem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We describe in this paper polynomial heuristics for three important hard problems—the discrete fixed cost median problem (the plant location problem), the continuous fixed cost median problem in a Euclidean space, and the network fixed cost median problem with convex costs. The heuristics for all the three problems guarantee error ratios no worse than the logarithm of the number of customer points. The derivation of the heuristics is based on the presentation of all types of median problems discussed as a set covering problem.
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    On minimax optimization problems (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 227-230 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Minimax ; Nonconvex Optimization ; Stationary Points
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We give a short proof that in a convex minimax optimization problem ink dimensions there exist a subset ofk + 1 functions such that a solution to the minimax problem with thosek + 1 functions is a solution to the minimax problem with all functions. We show that convexity is necessary, and prove a similar theorem for stationary points when the functions are not necessarily convex but the gradient exists for each function.
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    On the differential properties of the support function of the∈-subdifferential of a convex function (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 24 (1982), S. 257-268 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nondifferentiable Programming ; Convex Analysis ; Sensivity Analysis ; Duality Theory ; Second Order Derivative ; Second Order Methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We study differential properties of the support function of the∈-subdifferential of a convex function; applications in algorithmics are also given.
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    On the non-polynomiality of the relaxation method for systems of linear inequalities (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 93-103 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Linear Programming ; Relaxation Method ; Polynomiality
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A class of linear programs is given in which the relaxation method for inequalities, under the same operating rules as Khacian's method, is not polynomial in the length of the input. This result holds for any value of the relaxation parameter.
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    Boolean sublattices connected with minimization problems on matroids (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Augmenting Path Algorithm ; Boolean Lattice ; Jordan-Hölder Theorem ; Matroid Intersection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is noted that the decomposition of a network presented by J.C. Picard and M. Queyranne through an algorithmic argument may be defined from a general lattice-theoretic result for more general problems for which the equalities of maximum-flow minimum-cut type hold.
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    On the computational utility of posynomial geometric programming solution methods (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 163-201 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Geometric Programming ; Code Comparisons ; Numerical Testing ; Nonlinear Programming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Ten codes or code variants were used to solve the five equivalent posynomial GP problem formulations. Four of these codes were general NLP codes; six were specialized GP codes. A total of forty-two test problems was solved with up to twenty randomly generated starting points per problem. The convex primal formulation is shown to be intrinsically easiest to solve. The general purpose GRG code called OPT appears to be the most efficient code for GP problem solution. The reputed superiority of the specialized GP codes GGP and GPKTC appears to be largely due to the fact that these codes solve the convex primal formulation. The dual approaches are only likely to be competitive for small degree of difficulty, tightly constrained problems.
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    A polynomial algorithm for integer programming covering problems satisfying the integer round-up property (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 231-235 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Integer Programming ; Covering
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract LetA be a non-negative matrix with integer entries and no zero column. The integer round-up property holds forA if for every integral vectorw the optimum objective value of the generalized covering problem min{1y: yA ≥ w, y ≥ 0 integer} is obtained by rounding up to the nearest integer the optimum objective value of the corresponding linear program. A polynomial time algorithm is presented that does the following: given any generalized covering problem with constraint matrixA and right hand side vectorw, the algorithm either finds an optimum solution vector for the covering problem or else it reveals that matrixA does not have the integer round-up property.
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    Optimum matching forests II: General weights (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 12-38 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Graph ; Matching ; Branching ; Linear Programming ; Polyhedron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Matching forests generalize branchings in a directed graph and matchings in an undirected graph. We present an efficient algorithm, the PMF Algorithm, for the problem: given a mixed graphG and a real weight on each of its edges, find a perfect matching forest of maximum weight-sum. The PMF Algorithm proves the sufficiency of a linear system which definesP = (G) andP(G), the convex hull of incidence vectors of perfect matching forests and matching forests respectively ofG. The algorithm also provides a generalization of Tutte's theorem on the existence of perfect matchings in an undirected graph.
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    XI. International Symposium on Mathematical Programming (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 122-123 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
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    Finite checkability for integer rounding properties in combinatorial programming problems (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 141-147 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Integer Rounding ; Pluperfect Graphs ; Combinatorial Optimization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract LetA be a nonnegative integral matrix with no zero columns. Theinteger round-up property holds forA if for each nonnegative integral vectorw, the solution value to the integer programming problem min{1 ⋅y: yA ≥ w, y ≥ 0, y integer} is obtained by rounding up to the nearest integer the solution value to the corresponding linear programming problem min{1 ⋅y: yA ≥ w, y ≥ 0}. Theinteger round-down property is similarly defined for a nonnegative integral matrixB with no zero rows by considering max{1 ⋅y: yB ≤ w, y ≥ 0, y integer} and its linear programming correspondent. It is shown that the integer round-up and round-down properties can be checked through a finite process. The method of proof motivates a new and elementary proof of Fulkerson's Pluperfect Graph Theorem.
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    Call for papers: 1982 Design Automation Conference (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 236-237 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
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    Polynomially bounded algorithms for locatingp-centers on a tree (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 22 (1982), S. 304-315 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Location Theory ; Tree Networks ; Rigid Circuit Graphs ; Polynomial Algorithms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We discuss several forms of thep-center location problems on an undirected tree network. Our approach is based on utilizing results for rigid circuit graphs to obtain polynomial algorithms for solving the model. Duality theory on perfect graphs is used to define and solve the dual location model.
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    Existence and characterization of efficient decisions with respect to cones (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 111-116 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Multicriteria Optimization ; Convex Analysis
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    Notes: Abstract Existence and characterization theorems for the efficient (nondominated) set of decisions inR n are presented. The existence is proved when the set of decisions satisfies some compactness conditions. The efficient set is characterized in terms of the exposed efficient decisions when certain convexity and compactness conditions are satisfied.
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    Worst case analysis of a class of set covering heuristics (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 170-180 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Set Covering ; Heuristic Algorithms ; Worst Case Analysis ; Bounds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In [2], Chvatal provided the tight worst case bound of the set covering greedy heuristic. We considered a general class of greedy type set covering heuristics. Their worst case bounds are dominated by that of the greedy heuristic.
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    A bundle type approach to the unconstrained minimization of convex nonsmooth functions (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 216-226 
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    ISSN: 1436-4646
    Keywords: Nonsmooth Optimization ; Subgradient ; Subdifferential ; Bundle Type Method ; Deletion Rule ; Resetting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical method for the unconstrained minimization of a convex nonsmooth function of several variables is presented. It is closely related to the ‘bundle type’ approach and to the conjugate subgradient method. A way is suggested to reduce the amount of information to be stored during the computational procedure. Global convergence of the method to the minimum is proved.
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    Conjugate direction methods with variable storage (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 326-340 
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    Keywords: Optimization ; Quasi-Newton ; Conjugate Gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
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    Notes: Abstract In this paper we study conjugate gradient algorithms for large optimization problems. These methods accelerate (or precondition) the conjugate gradient method by means of quasi-Newton matrices, and are designed to utilize a variable amount of storage, depending on how much information is retained in the quasi-Newton matrices. We are concerned with the behaviour of such methods on the underlying quadratic model, and in particular, with finite termination properties.
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    Mathematical programming study 15 (1982)
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    Mathematical programming 23 (1982), S. 357-360 
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    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
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    Revisal of the chain equilibration process in strained polymer melts (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 541-546 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The retraction of stretched molecules explains the intermediate step of relaxation observed at short times with strained polymer melts instead of a single rubberlike plateau. The stress relaxation following a rapid deformation is derived in this zone of the spectrum from the non linear, quasi elastic response of the transient network formed by the system of entangled chains. This method corrects an approximate calculation of the modulus decline in DOI's original treatment of the molecular equilibration process.
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    Formation of aldonic acid end groups during NO2/O2 treatment and alkali cooking of wood meal (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 547-552 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The increased carbohydrate yield after NaOH cooking of wood resulting from NO2/O2 pretreatment is related to the oxidation of reducing sugar end groups to aldonic acid groups during both the pretreatment and the subsequent alkali cook. This leads to a suppressed end-wise degradation during the alkali cook, reflected in a lowered formation of 3-deoxyaldonic and 2-C-methylglyceric acid end groups in competing reactions.
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    Alkali catalysed curing of starch-melamine resin systems (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 553-558 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The curing process in starch adhesives modified with melamine resin can take place by co-condensation or self-condensation. A high degree of co-condensation is required to provide a good water resistance of a cured glue joint. This can be attained by using melamine resins with a high concentration of hydroxymethylamino groups. The reduced effect of the adhesive on storage is due to a degradation of the melamine resin through the elimination of formaldehyde.
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    Raman spectrum of the high pressure phase of polyethylene (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 559-564 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The Raman spectrum of the hexagonal high pressure phase of polyethylene was measured at 5.2 kbar and 240 °C, using a hydrostatic high pressure cell. The spectrum is largely identical to that obtained for the melt. This result indicates that the conformational short range order in the hexagonal phase remains melt —like and is not modified by the overall straightening of chains.
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    Reactive polymers (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 565-570 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It has been found that the three-phase heterogeneous reaction of propane sultone with hydrolyzed macroporous glycidylmethacrylate copolymers in an aqueous alkaline medium proceeds to a higher degree in presence of phase transfer catalyst. The best results were obtained using tetra(n-butyl)ammonium hydroxide. An important finding is the increase in the degree of transformation of the reaction in flow arrangement compared with the batch procedure. The influence of phase transfer catalyst is also more effective. The reaction is discussed with respect to the properties of the products, i.e. of the overall and surface contents of groups introduced into the reaction, of the specific surface area and specific pore volume of sulfopropylated copolymers.
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    The polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 and ammonia (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 571-576 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The initiation effect of ammonia on the polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of VCl4 has been revealed. The polymerizations were carried out in the dark without solvent and in heptane solution in the temperature range between 263 and 198 K, where the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with decreasing temperature (log Mη against 1/T). The polymer yield depended on the molar ratio of ammonia to VCl4 and was highest at 1∶1, but the polymerizations proceeded also at a molar ratio higher than 1. At NH3/VCl4 = 1 the polymerization rate increased with VCl4 concentration and with decreasing temperature.
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    Coordination polymers (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 243-249 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Chelate polymers obtained from bis(2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde) M2+ (M = Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) with organic acid chlorides were synthesized and characterized by elemental a-nalysis, magnetic and electric measurements, spectral and thermogravimetric studies.
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    Macromer copolymerization reactivity ratio determined by GPC analysis (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 235-241 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this paper is decribed a new method for determining copolymerization reactivity ratios r by using high resolution gel permation chromatography. The system of monomers is a new one involving a macromer. Separation of each monomer, copolymer and solvent allows calculation of concentration of reactants and products, so as the copolymer molecular weight distribution. Three different methods were used to interprete copolymerization experiments, at various feed compositions, and in function of conversion, in minimizing errors on peak surface area. The conventional methods were used to calculate r and evaluate their accuracies.
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    Synthesis of statistical polydiene networks by reaction of liquid polyenes with telechelic siloxanes (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 251-257 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The present investigation concerns the synthesis of statistical networks similar to vulcanized rubber. We have used liquid precursor polymers: polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) with telechelic siloxanes. The reactivity of the polydienes can be classified as follows: PB units 1,2 ⋙ PI units 3,4 ⋙ PI units 1,4 ≃ 0. The network formation is a function of the ratio R = nb, of pendent double bonds/nb. of ≃ SiH. For R ≃ 1 the networks are rather hard and brittle, for 8 ⩽ R ⩽ 10 they are soft and elastic, whereas for R ≃ 16 the gels obtained are very soft and sticky.
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    Disodium tetracarbonylferrate (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 299-303 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The replacement of the chlorine atoms of chloromethylated polystyrenes by carboxyl groups via reaction with disodium tetracarbonylferrate and subsequent treatment with an oxidizing agent is described.
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    Monolayers from synthetic glycolipids (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 305-308 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Synthetic glycolipids have been prepared by coupling of (a) aliphatic amines with lactone derivatives, or (b) fatty acids with amino derivatives of mono- and disaccharides via amide linkage. The aliphatic chain was varied with respect to the chain length and to its chemical composition (fluorination, functional end group). The influence of the glycolipid structure on the monolayer properties was investigated. Stable films are obtained with most of the products mainly due to strong interactions by hydrogen bonds in the subphase. Polymeric films may be produced by polycondensation in the subphase using particular crosslinking agents for the carbohydrate head group.
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    Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 309-314 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Electro-optical behaviour of a liquid crystalline polymer- poly{1-[6-[4-N-(4-cyanophenyl)iminomethylphenoxy] hexyloxycarbonyl] ethylene}- is studied A sharp change of the optical properties measufred in crossed polarizers under the cooling of the preliminary oriented sample in an electric field is observed. The effect is explained from the viewpoint of the electric field induced cooperative structure transition.
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    Cellulose containing block copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 321-326 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Solution properties of trimethylcellulose-poly(oxytetramethylene two and star block copolymers with defined molecular weights are reported. The solubility behavior of the concerned block copolymers is mainly governed by the solubility of the trimethylcellulose blocks. The solubility parameters for TMC and POTM indicate that both polymers are incompatible with each other. This is confirmed by the appearance of phase separation in concentrated solutions of corresponding blends even in nonselective solvents. Intrinsic viscosities of the block copolymers are reported and compared to corresponding polymer blend solutions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255405
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    Polymerisation of different furanes with Cr(II) surface compounds on silicagel (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 315-320 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Reaction of different furanes (2,3- and 2,5-dihydrofurane, tetrahydrofurane, furane) were examined in the presence of Cr(II) surface compounds on silicagel as catalyst. In every case poly (2,3-dihydrofuran) was obtained. The products of the occuring hydrogenation, dehydrogenation and isomerisation reactions were detected by GC and NMR spectroscopy. A mechanism for the reactions is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255404
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    Cationic reactions in the melt (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 6 (1982), S. 327-333 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The effect of Lewis acids on various ethylene-propylene co- and terpolymers has been investigated in the mixing chamber of a Brabender Plastograph at 180°C. Fast degradation of the polymers was observed upon the addition of Lewis acids. Terpolymers containing unsaturations undergo crosslinking: the structure of the third monomer (diene) determines the rate of crosslinking and the characteristics of the crosslinked materials.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255406
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    Surface modification of polymethyl methacrylate by graft copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 289-294 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Graft copolymers composed of poly(methyl methacrylate) branches and different backbones of poly(fluoroalkyl acrylate(FA)-co-methyl methacrylate(MMA)), poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)-co-MMA), and poly(FA-co-HEMA) were prepared by macromonomer technique to study their application as a surface modifier for PMMA films. Contact angle of water droplet on PMMA film specimens containing various amounts of these graft copolymers cast on glass slides from THF solution was found to change considerably with the graft copolymer concentration, depending on their backbone component. And there was considerable difference in contact angle between air and glass side of the film surfaces. These results were considered in terms of the surface accumulation of graft copolymers during the solvent evaporation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256795
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    Crosslinking of ultra-high strength polyethylene fibers by means of γ-radiation (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 309-316 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An ultra-high strength polyethylene fiber with an initial tensile strength at break of 3.0 GPa, was irradiated at room temperature under vacuum by means of 60Co γ-radiation. Gelcontent and equilibrium volume degree of swelling of the gelfraction, were determined as a function of dose. From a plot of the effective network chain density versus dose, it was concluded that the fiber contained about 2 entanglements per number average molecule. Furthermore, a crosslinking efficiency of 0.33 crosslink per 100 eV of absorbed energy was found.
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    Evaluation of thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of polymer molecules (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 323-330 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A numerical regression method, assisted by a least squares technique, is proposed to obtain thermodynamic and hydrodynamic parameters of polymer molecules via a direct comparison between experimental data and theoretical functions. This comparison is independent of the number of the experimental variables. The method also enables to decide if a selected set of theoretical equations fits satisfactorily the experimental results.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00256800
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    Diamagnetism and structure of nitric acid-treated bulk polyethylene (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 317-321 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary An alternative procedure to examine the nature of the end product of nitric-acid-treated bulk polyethylene involving the measurement of the diamagnetic susceptibility is reported. This simple non-destructive method complements previous results obtained by means of IR spectroscopy. Thus after selectively removing the surface layer of the polyethylene lamellae with nitric acid (t 〉 50h) the diamagnetic susceptibility substantially decreases to values which are consistent with tilted paraffinic chains terminated by carboxyl groups including -NO2 groups in a 4∶1 ratio.
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    Glass transition of polystyrene model molecules (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 331-336 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sumnary The glass transition temperatures of 2,4-diphenylpentane, 2,4,6triphenylheptane and 2,4,6,8-tetraphenylnonane are shown to follow the relation Tg = 325 − 2.64 × 104/Mn where Mn is the molecular weight. 2,4-diphenylpentane-2,4,6-triphenylheptane mixtures exhibit only one glass transition temperature which follow the relation Tg = (1 − ω2) Tg1 + ω2 Tg2 where ω2 is the weight % of 2,4-diphenylpentane. The configurational structure of these polystyrene model molecules is shown to slightly influence the Tg's values.
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    Cationic modifications of polychloroprene (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 337-344 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of the novel graft-block copolymer poly[chloroprene-g-(isobutylene-b-α-methylstyrene)], i.e., a polychloroprene backbone carrying isobutylene/α-methylstyrene block copolymer branches, is described. The synthesis was accomplished by exploiting detailed insight into the mechanisms of initiation of isobutylene and α-methylstyrene polymerization, and termination of isobutylene polymerization.
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    Cyclopolymerization of diallylamides and diallylsulphonamides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 353-359 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary High resolution carbon−13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is used to study the structure of N-amide and N-sulphonamide derivatives of polydiallylamines and shows that these have the poly(3,4-pyrrolidinediylethylene) structure common to most polydiallylamines, not the previously reported poly(3,5-piperidinediylmethylene) structure.
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    Chemical modification of polystyrene under phase transfer catalysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 345-351 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Styrene polymers containing pendant p-vinyl or p-oxirane functionalities on some of their aromatic rings have been prepared in excellent yields by chemical modification of chloromethylated polystyrene or carboxaldehyde-substituted polystyrene under phase transfer catalysis. The polymers containing pendant vinyl groups were obtained by Wittig reactions with aqueous formaldehyde while the polymers with p-oxirane pendant groups were obtained by reaction of the carboxaldehyde polymer with trimethyl sulfonium chloride or epoxidation of the p-vinyl substituted polymer.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00254289
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    Recyclable polystyrene-based polymeric reagent for the reduction of acid chlorides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 361-367 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A polymeric reagent, polystyryldiphenyl-phosphine tetrahydroborate copper, has been prepared by chemical modification of cross linked polystyrene using a fourstep reaction sequence involving a ligand exchange reaction for the binding of cuprous chloride to the phosphine resin. The reagent is very effective in the reduction of acid chlorides to aldehydes and can be regenerated easily without loss of activity.
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    Model glassy inhomogeneous polymer networks (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 369-376 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary A new procedure for the preparation of model polymer networks having an inhomogeneous distribution of crosslinks has been developed. Emulsion polymerized polystyrene/divinylbenzene microspheres, of uniform particle size, are swollen with styréne monomer, which is later polymerized in situ. The resulting network consists of discrete sites of crosslinked material dispersed in an interpenetrating matrix, and is suggested as a model for the nodular morphology which has been observed in some epoxy networks. The results of initial studies showing the effects of nodule size and concentration on the fracture toughness of the glassy networks are presented.
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    Synthesis of α, ω-dichloro polyindene and poly(isobutylene-b-indene-b-isobutylene) employing Kennedy's inifer technique (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 377-381 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Kennedy's inifer technique has been modified and used for the preparation of α,ω-dichloro polyindene (PInCl2). This telechelic has subsequently been used as initiator for the cationic isobutylene polymerization in conjunction with AlEt2-Cl coinitiator. The resulting materials have been characterized by fractionation and GPC investigations.
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    Regenerated cellulose fibres after controlled enzymatic hydrolysis (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 391-394 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Controlled enzymatic hydrolysis of cuprammonium and various types of viscoses was undertaken to gain some insight into the heterogenity of the structure from the surface to core. Electron microscopic study of the hydrolysed samples at various stages of hydrolysis, also gives general idea of the morphological differences in these regenerated celluloses. The difference in the physical and especially the mechanical properties of the different types of these fibres can now be more definitely correlated with their structure.
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    Viscometric studies: Interpolymer complex formation between poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers and poly(acrylic acid) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 383-390 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Interpolymer complex formation between poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) block copolymers (PS-PEO) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) has been studied by viscometry using THF-water mixture of several compositions as solvent. Unlike alternating and random copolymers, composition of the complex formed between (PS-PEO) and PAA does not seem to be affected by the molecular characteristics of the copolymer and the solvent composition. However the nature of the reduced viscosity curves during complex formation was found to be dependent on solvent composition and this has been interpreted in terms of preferential solvation, conformation and micellization of the block copolymer molecules.
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    Radiation grafted polyethylene as carrier for protein immobilization (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 395-399 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Radiation grafting onto polyethylene tubes was carried out using vinyl monomers carrying functional groups to which antibodies against thyroxine were covalently bound. The grafting tests were carried out in different solvents varying the dose rate and irradiation time so that the grafting yield could be effectively controlled. Coupling via an active ester using 1-hydroxybenzotriazole shows optimal results with a retention of biological activity of over 70%.
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    Conformational transition and melting in polyethylene and model systems (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 409-412 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary It is shown, that melting of chain molecules can be described as a double process: 1) a conformational transition, where the “liquid” molecule conformation is created and 2) the “real” melting caused by the cooperative insertion of dislocations, 3-dimensionally arranged in dislocation walls. This melting concept is shown to be valid in atomic crystals as well as in low molecular crystals and in polymers, too.
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    Motion of segment dislocations as a model for glass relaxation (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 413-416 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The meander model of polymer melts assumes nearly parallel packing of molecular chains and therefore invites to describe shear deformation processes by “dislocation” motion in analogy to metals. Examination of the glass relaxation data for 12 amorphous polymers leads to reasonable values for the energy and the Burgers vector of segment dislocations which are also consistent with thermal properties of the glass transition.
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    Automatic ultrasonic monitoring of vinyl chloride polymerization (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 401-408 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An automatic method and apparatus for continuous monitoring of vinyl chloride suspension polymerization was developed and built, which enables a parallel measurements of attenuation changes and velocity of ultrasonic propagation in frequency range from hundreds of kHz to units of MHz and in dynamic range greater than 60 dB. The results of automatic measurements were compared and tested by previous results obtained manually by means of MATEC Model 6000/755 ultrasonic comparator and have showed many substantial advantages of ultrasonic attenuation measurements for checking through the suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride e.g. possibility of indication of very fast phase changes during the process as well as the prediction of the PVC particles final morphology properties including eventual undesirable polymerization courses.
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    Effect of space network structure on molecular mobility of urethane elastomers (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 481-487 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary In this study the changes in the width of the derivative NMR absorption line and the second moment as the function of temperature were investigated for typical urethane elastomers. The polymers crosslinked only by allophanate and biuret bonds as well as modified by the presence of carbon-carbon and ionic bonds were used. It has been found that carbon-carbon and ionic crosslinking bonds cause considerable changes in the glass transition temperature.
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    Field-induced conformation transition and dipole orientation in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 497-504 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The poling of biaxially stretched poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films which have been metallized on both sides results at the poling temperature of 115 °C and the poling field of 400 MV/m in almost complete conformational change from T-G-T-¯G to the trans conformation as well as in a residual polarization of at least 11×10−2 C/m2. The transition temperature Tf of the field-induced conformation transformation in the crystalline regions is found to be Tf = 75 °C. The thermally stimulated decrease of polarization proceeds gradually and is not characterized by a defined Curie point.
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    Mechanisms of doping and spectral sensitization of polymer photoconductors, especially poly-N-vinylcarbazole (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 505-512 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Photoconductivity of organic polymers can be greatly enhanced and extended into the visible region by the addition of small amounts of additives, such as electron acceptors and dyes. These effects can be explained as the result of photoredox processes and as the result of an influence of local fields of donor-acceptor complexes upon the photogeneration of charge carriers.
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    Thermo-oxidative degradation of polyolefines (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 7 (1982), S. 489-495 
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Autooxidation of low density polyethylene has been studied in melt and in 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene solution. The kinetics of oxygen-absorption, concentrations of hydroperoxides, carboxyl, and other oxo groups and average number of scissions have been investigated. It has been found that the main features of the oxidative processes in solution and in melt do not differ significantly. However, the concentration of hydroperoxides as a function of conversion and the dependence of the maximum concentration of hydroperoxides on temperature make exception. There is a very good agreement between average number of chain scissions and carboxyl groups and this is independent of phase, concentration, temperature, and conversion. From one mole consumed oxygen approximately 0.6 ÷ 0.7 mole remains in the polymer backbone in the form of oxygen-containing functional groups. The ratio of average chain scissions to the formed carbonyl groups is 1∶5, i.e., functional groups form both at the chain ends, in consecutive reactions after the scission, and along the polymer chain.
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    Poly(hydroxiphenylene sulfide)s from sulfur and phenols by activation with halogens (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 1-8 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The activating effect of halogens on the reactions of sulfur with phenol, guaiacol and o-cresol is investigated. As expected bromine has a stronger effect than chlorine, but in both cases oligomeric and polymeric poly(hydroxiphenylene sulfides) containing halogens are formed. When o-cresol is used as monomer, CH2-S-CH2 bonds are apparently formed when the reaction time is increased. The products are investigated by IR-spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, elementary analyses and the temperature at which the material turns to a resinous product is given.
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    Thermally stimulated currents in methacrylonitrile-styrene copolymer films (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 15-20 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Measurements are reported on thermally stimulated discharge current in methacrylonitrile — styrene copolymer films. The values of activation energy and relaxation times were calculated.
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    Head to head polymers (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 9-13 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Blends of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) with either head-to-head or head-to-tail poly (vinyl chloride) were prepared by solvent casting in the form of films and their glass transition temperatures were determined by DSC analysis. The DSC scans of the blends of both poly(vinyl chloride) isomers were very similar. For blends containing 25% and 50% of poly(ɛ-caprolactone), a single transition step, a Tg, was observed, whereas for a blend containing 75% of poly (ɛ-caprolactone) three transition steps were observed, one glass transition and also a crystallization and a melting transition.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (inifers) (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 25-32 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Linear and three-arm star tosyl-telechelic polyisobutylenes (i.e., PIB's carrying two and three p-toluene-sulfonic acid ester end groups, respectively) have been synthesized and characterized by a variety of techniques. Subsequently these prepolymers were used as macroinitiators for the ring opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline leading to linear poly(N-acetylethyleneimine-b-isobutylene-b-N-acetylethyleneimine) and three-arm star poly(N-acetylethyleneimine-b-isobutylene). High yields (78–98%) and blocking efficiencies (70–80%) have been obtained. The absence of free polyisobutylene in the product indicates highly efficient initiation of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline polymerization by the tosyl-telechelic polyisobutylene. The less than 100% blocking efficiencies are probably due to chain transfer to 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. Hydrolysis of these block copolymers yielded poly(ethyleneimine-b-isobutylenes).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293558
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    CNDO/2 analyses of the order of protonation of rodlike polybenzobisoxazoles (PBO) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 21-24 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Protonation of the rodlike polybenzobisoxazoles (PBO) and polybenzobisthiazoles and their model compounds in acidic media will have significant effects on their solubility, solution behavior, geometry, and conformational characteristics. Experimental studies on the cis-PBO model compound suggest that the aromatic heterocyclic group can accept up to four acidic protons, first at each of the two nitrogen atoms then at the two oxygen atoms. In this study geometry-optimized CNDO/2 calculations were carried out on the cis-PBO model compound to determine the order of successive protonation, estimate differences in proton binding energies, and provide information on the effects of successive protonation on the geometry and charge distribution. The results indicate that protonation occurs in the order nitrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, oxygen, which is consistent with the greater bascity of nitrogen relative to oxygen. The difference in energy between initial protonation at nitrogen versus oxygen is ca. 60.7 kcal mol−1. Second protonation is preferred at the other nitrogen rather than at the more distant oxygen by nearly the same amount, suggesting that energetically the initial protonation at the nitrogen has a negligible effect on subsequent protonation and that the two oxazole moieties are highly insulated from each other. Repulsive Coulombic interactions between the acidic protons have a negligible influence on whether the second protonation occurs at the nitrogen or the oxygen considered. Coulombic effects will in fact slightly favor at the nitrogen since, despite its closer proximity to the nitrogen first protonated, protonation there yields a more delocalized and hence less repulsive charge distribution than at the oxygen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293557
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    NMR study of the FEP film covering a maser cavity (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 39-45 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary NMR techniques have been used to characterize the transitions with temperature of a very thin film of a copolymer FEP wich had covered the walls of a maser cavity. Several points on the frequency-temperature chart have been obtained from a study of the temperature variation of the second moment and of the relaxation times T1 and T1ϱ. They confirm that the transitions observed in the temperature dependence of the factors which control the maser stability are associated to very low frequency molecular motions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293560
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    Microbial susceptibility of condensation products of carboxy-terminated polybutadiene and glycerol (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 33-37 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Keeping in view the prospects of biodegradable polymers, a polymer was synthesized by the condensation of carboxy-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) of Mn∼-5000 with glycerol and tested for its microbial susceptibility. The results of end group estimations and viscosity measurements indicated a quantitative reaction between the two reactants under experimental conditions. The clear-zone method was employed in this investigation to test biodegradability. Two strains of Serratia and three strains of Staphylococcus did show a clear zone surrounding the colony. However, the microbial growth was found to diminish after 4 or 5 days.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293559
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    Publisher's note (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. A1 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293561
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    Secondary structure of peptides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 487-494 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary 75.4 MHz 13C NMR CP/MAS spectra allowed the quantification of the secondary structure of (γOMe-L-Glu)n and (γOBzl-L-Glu)n. (OMe-L-Glu)n contains α-helix and β-sheet structures the ratio of which varies considerably with the average degree of polymerization ( $$\overline {{\text{DP}}} $$ ) of the samples and with the nature of the reaction medium. At $$\overline {{\text{DP}}} $$ ≥20 (γOBzl-L-Glu)n contains more than 95% α-helix structure regardless of $$\overline {{\text{DP}}} $$ and reaction medium. The difference between both polyglutamates is explained by different molecular weight distributions resulting from aggregation and precipitation of oligo (γOMe-L-Glu)n in the ß-sheet form.
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    Secondary structure of peptides (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 495-502 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Various copolypeptides with a two block sequence are prepared by batchwise copolymerizations of amino acid N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) using primary amines as initiators. An α-helix forming amino acid and a ß-sheet forming amino acid were combined in the two blocks and the mutual influence of the two secondary structures was investigated by means of 13C nmr crosspolarization magic-angle spinning (CP/MAS) spectra. It was found that the second (succeeding) block adopts partially the secondary structure of the first block.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262927
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    Micro and macroconformation of macromolecules (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 503-510 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary By variable temperature proton enhanced magic angle spinning 13C NMR below Tg individual conformational diads could be resolved for glassy phase segments in semicrystalline erythrodiisotactic poly(1,2-dimethyltetramethylene). An assignment based on γ-shift increments associated with antigauche conformational transitions is given. In addition an improved interpretation of conformational effects in the glassy phase solid state spectrum of amorphous threodiisotactic poly(1,2-dimethyltetramethylene) is presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262928
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    Analogous reaction for maximum sulfonation of polysulfones (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 511-517 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The sulfonation of the model compounds of the structural units of the polysulfones and bis phenol A polyethersulfones has been conducted up to completion using SO3 in a dichloroethane solution at room temperature. Whatever the initial structure may be, only one sulfonic group per aromatic ring can be attached. Water soluble polymers with the same degree of sulfonation can be prepared, without chain scission.
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    Electrical polarization phenomena in poly (phenylquinoxaline) (PPQ) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 527-534 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Results are described of TSD- and TSP-measurements of Poly (Phenylquinoxaline) in dependence on the degree of annealing and on the polarizing field strength. Seven relaxations regions are investigated and discussed. Electronic and ionic space charge regions are observed and discussed in detail. It is shown that dielectric losses in polymers do not result from dipolar processes only, but also from translational motion of charge carriers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262931
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    Thermodynamics of macromolecular systems (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 519-525 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Equilibrium swelling measurements in the system polystyrene — cyclohexane — acetone within the temperature range from 288 to 323 K confirm the conclusion drawn from light scattering investigations (Schuster, R. H., Cantow, H.-J. and Klotz, S., 1982) that the system exhibits the characteristics of cosoivency. A thermodynamic analysis of the experimental data following the Flory-huggins-rehner one-parameter equation in terms of χ, χH and χS is compared with that (Cantow, H.-J. and Schuster, R. H., 1982) based on the free energy two-parameter equation proposed by Koningsveld and Kleintjens. Thus, an unequivocal interpretation of the swelling thermodynamics of the ternary system could be reached, irrespective crosslink density of the network. The cosoivency effects are discussed in relation to the heat of mixing. The conclusion has been proved that the cosoivency is caused by breakdown of acetone clustering by dilution with cyclohexane.
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    Siloxane-urea segmented copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 535-542 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Siloxane-urea copolymers were synthesized from MDI and α, ω-bis(aminopropyl)polydimethylsiloxane of different molecular weights by solution polymerization, using 2-ethoxyethyl ether as the solvent. Chain extenders were also employed in some reactions. Formation of urea linkages were followed by FTIR spectroscopy. The products were characterized by GPC chromatography and intrinsic viscosity measurements. Thermal (DSC) and thermomechanical (TMA) characterization of the products were also carried out. The results indicate the formation of novel, strong multiphase elastomeric siloxane-urea copolymers.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262932
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    Siloxane-urea segmented copolymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 543-550 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The mechanical behavior of new siloxane-urea segmented copolymers, based on amino terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers of about 1000 to 4000 〈Mn〉 and 4,4′ -diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), has been investigated. These segmented block copolymers appear to form microphase texture and display mechanical behavior which is in some ways comparable to filled silicone elastomer systems as well as segmented polyurethanes. Preliminary studies of the effect of hard segment content on mechanical properties are also reported. As expected, the stress-strain behavior reflects composition changes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262933
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (Inifers) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 551-555 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary α, ω-Di(hydroxy)polyisobutylene was converted to the corresponding α,ω-di(allylether)- and α,ω-di(allylphthalyl)polyisobutylene by reacting the diol with allyl bromide in the presence of alkali and tetrabutylammonium bisulfate phase transfer catalyst, and monoallyl phthalic acid chloride in the presence of 4-N,N-dimethylaminopyridine, respectively. The reaction conditions were defined by suitable model experiments. IR and 1H-NMR analysis of the reaction products indicates quantitative conversions.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (Inifers) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 557-562 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of α-phenyl-ω-t-chloropolyisobutylene PhPIB-Cl t by the use of the cumyl chloride/BCl3/isobutylene minifer system has been accomplished. This asymmetric telechelic prepolymer possesses exactly one phenyl head group and one t-chloro end group. The molecular weight of Ph-PIB-Cl t can be readily controlled by the [I]O/[M]O ratio in a refluxing system. Experiments with other minifers, i.e., p-methylcumyl chloride, p-chlorocumyl chloride, α-methylbenzyl chloride and benzyl chloride have also been carried out and the results discussed in terms of carbenium ion stabilities.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (Inifers) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 563-570 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis and quantitative end group characterization of bisphenol- and trisphenol-polyisobutylenes are described. These new telechelic prepolymers consist of a linear or a threearm star polyisobutylene (PIB) carrying exactly two or three phenol termini, respectively. The syntheses were accomplished by quantitative Friedel-Crafts alkylation of phenol by olefin- and/or tert.-chlorine-telechelic PIB's and characterization involved 1H NMR, UV and GPC techniques. These materials combine the chemical versatility of the- C(CH3)2C6H4OH end group with the attractive physical-chemical properties of the rubbery PIB chain.
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    New telechelic polymers and sequential copolymers by polyfunctional initiator-transfer agents (Inifers) (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 571-578 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Glycidyl ethers of bisphenol- and trisphenol-polyisobutylenes have been prepared, characterized, and cured with amines to new flexible epoxy resins. The synthesis of these glycidyl ethers involved quantitative condensation of epichlorohydrin with phenol-capped linear or three-arm star polyisobutylenes. Proton NMR analysis of the model compound monoglycidyl ether of 2,4,4-trimethyl-2(p-hydroxyphenyl)pentane and the corresponding glycidyl ethers of phenol-capped polyisobutylenes showed the presence of epoxy end groups. According to 1H NMR spectroscopy and titration data the number-average terminal epoxy functionality is close to the theory, i.e., two or three, for the linear and three-arm star products. Curing these new epoxides with triethylene tetramine resulted in transparent, non-tacky flexible films.
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    Exciton transfer near donors and acceptors (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 579-584 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Two new methods of calculation of memory functions, governing the exciton propagation, in linear finite chains and consequent calculation of the quantum yield of the exciton transfer, observable in e.g. experiments on monomer and excimer luminiscence, are reported. Illustrative numerical results are shown to discuss the effect of inhomogeinities, boundaries and relative magnitudes of relevant parameters on the result.
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    Functionalization of soluble polymers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 585-591 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary Derivatives of poly(oxyethylene) with chlorine and aldehyde functions have been prepared by chemical modification in an one-step and two-step reaction respectively with thionyl chloride and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde in excellent yields. The functionality of these important intermediates has been investigated spectroscopically and demonstrated by chemical conversion of the terminal groups.
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    New polyisobutylene based model ionomers (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 47-54 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three-arm star polyisobutylene ionomers (¯Mn=8800) with terminal ∼SO3 ⊖ M⊕ (M⊕=K⊕ or Ca2⊕) groups were synthesized and their mechanical properties investigated. Compression molded films displayed high elongations, i.e., ∼-1000% for Ca2⊕ ionomers with lower values for the K⊕ counterions. Strain induced crystallinity was observed at higher elongations. Mechanical properties in general compared favorably with conventional covalently linked rubbery networks and were comparable and in some cases superior to EPDM-based ionomers carrying randomly distributed ∼SO3 ⊖ M⊕ groups.
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    Electrical properties of polymer films prepared from mixture of tetramethylsilane and oxygen by glow discharge polymerization (1982)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 81-85 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The electrical properties of polymer films prepared from tetramethylsilane (TMS) and the mixture of TMS and oxygen by glow discharge polymerization were investigated in connection with the chemical structure of the polymers. The polymer films showed two different electrical properties which depended on the strength of electrical field. Under the electrical field of less than 104 V/cm, the polymers showed ohmic behaviour, and their resistivity was approximately 1014 Ω · cm being independent of the chemical structure of the polymers. Under the electrical field of above 104 V/cm, non-ohmic behaviour was observed, and the current increased exponentially with increasing of the applied field. To explain this enhanced current the contribution of the Poole-Frenkel emission was assumed. The dielectric breakdown of the polymer films (1000–5000 angstroms) occured at the electrical field as high as 3 MV/cm. This indicates that these thin films may be deposited on substrates without pinhole.
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    Polymer-supported transition metal clusters (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 55-61 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The synthesis of appropriate monomers bearing alkylidyne tricobaltnonacarbonyl cluster or sulfido tricobalt heptacarbonyl cluster is described. Organometallic copolymers are obtained by free-radical copolymerisation with other vinyl monomers. Direct metallation of macromolecules containing the dithioester or the thioamide functional groups was also studied. We show that the copolymerisation method is more convenient for the synthesis of pure materials containing a variable amount of definite cluster units. The potentiality of these new organometallic polymers with regard to homogeneous catalysis and for the modification of electrode surfaces is also discussed.
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    Macromers by carbocationic polymerization (1982)
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    Polymer bulletin 8 (1982), S. 63-67 
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    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The validity of the copolymer composition equation for the copolymerization of macromers with small monomers for the preparation of graft copolymers has been examined. The reactivity ratios of high molecular weight macromers r1 cannot be determined experimentally with sufficient accuracy whereas those of small monomers r2 may be calculated by r2=ln(1-p2)/ ln(1-p1), where p1 and p2 are the respective conversions of the macromer and small monomer. A single experimental datum obtained even at high conversions may be used. The error of the method can be readily calculated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00263009
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