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  • Articles  (13)
  • Chemistry
  • 2005-2009  (13)
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Journal
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  • 1
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    The HAMMONIA chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO2 doubling, (2007)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: This paper introduces the three-dimensional Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere (HAMMONIA), which treats atmospheric dynamics, radiation, and chemistry interactively for the height range from the earth’s surface to the thermosphere (approximately 250 km). It is based on the latest version of the ECHAM atmospheric general circulation model of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany, which is extended to include important radiative and dynamical processes of the upper atmosphere and is coupled to a chemistry module containing 48 compounds. The model is applied to study the effects of natural and anthropogenic climate forcing on the atmosphere, represented, on the one hand, by the 11-yr solar cycle and, on the other hand, by a doubling of the present-day concentration of carbon dioxide. The numerical experiments are analyzed with the focus on the effects on temperature and chemical composition in the mesopause region. Results include a temperature response to the solar cycle by 2 to 10 K in the mesopause region with the largest values occurring slightly above the summer mesopause. Ozone in the secondary maximum increases by up to 20% for solar maximum conditions. Changes in winds are in general small. In the case of a doubling of carbon dioxide the simulation indicates a cooling of the atmosphere everywhere above the tropopause but by the smallest values around the mesopause. It is shown that the temperature response up to the mesopause is strongly influenced by changes in dynamics. During Northern Hemisphere summer, dynamical processes alone would lead to an almost global warming of up to 3 K in the uppermost mesosphere.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3903-3931
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Sensitivity ; Chemistry ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Calidad ambiental de la zona costera del Golfo de Batabanó, Cuba (2008)
    CONyMA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The anthropogenic affectation was evaluated on the coast N of the Gulf of Batabanó in May 2003 (corresponding to the provinces of Matanzas and Havana), in areas located in the line of the coast. The results were compared with the historical information of the sector. In the coast N and the Ensenada of the Broa, the parameters oxygen saturation, DBO5 and DQO showed characteristic high values of eutrofication. The biggest contribution in the Cianoficies was in the near coastal areas to sources of organic contamination. In the case of the nutrients they show specific data of mesothrofic waters with tendency to the eutrofization and the silts presented a high affectation for toxic metals. The area near to Guanímar is distinguished to present conditions of organic contamination that favor heterothrofic conditions, corroborated by a prevalence of the processes of mineralization of the organic matter over primary production and lows values of fitoplankton concentration. On the contrary, in the region of Surgidero of Batabanó, the processes of synthesis of organic matter prevail suggested by a high primary production, and concentration of fitoplankton, with low breathing levels and mineralization of the organic matter, that indicates that the system is behaving autothrofically. In a general way, this sector is very affected by the anthropogenic impact. The information obtained is of great importance for the development of the fishing and tourist industries in the area.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring ; Phytoplankton ; Water quality ; Primary production ; Chemistry ; Environmental monitoring
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Proceedings Paper
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  • 3
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    Ecological and fisheries development of Lake Manzalah (Egypt): hydrography and chemistry of Lake Manzalah (2006)
    Alexandria: National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This journal is published by the NIOF, Egypt
    Description: Lake Manzalah; the largest delta Lake in Egypt represents a dynamic system that has been undergoing continuous and pronounced changes since long times. In the last year’s this Lake faced drastic problems that retarded its environmental and fisheries development; the most serious one is the discharge of waste water. It is attempted in the present study to investigate the chemical characters of Lake Manzalah water during 2001-2002. Water temperature ranged from an average of 12.35oC in January and 29.14oC in July. Dissolved Oxygen, pH and total dissolved solids were found in ranges optimum for the living of marine and freshwater fish species. The average concentrations of nutrients lied in the following ranges: 1.24 to 4.89 μmol PO4 -3 l-1 , 5.08 to 28.73 μmol SiO4 -2 l-1 and 1.81 to 17.7 μ_mol NO3-1 l-1 The concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen compounds were found to be relatively higher at the southern regions of the Lake near to the outlets of the drains.
    Description: NIOF
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Hydrography ; Water ; Chemistry ; Chemical composition ; Water content ; Environment ; Chemical composition ; Environments ; Water content ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed , Article
    Format: 1623488 bytes
    Format: 46916 bytes
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  • 4
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    Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes (2007)
    AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-19
    Description: Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered-light Multi AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna’s plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 x 10-4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 x 10-4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one–dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ”effective source region”, where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively)
    Description: Published
    Description: D06311
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Volcanic Plumes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    The pleasure and importance of printed journals (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Diederich, Francois -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jul 2;460(7251):33. doi: 10.1038/460033c.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19571863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Internet ; Periodicals as Topic/*standards/*trends ; Printing/*trends ; Societies, Scientific
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Evolution. Darwin for all seasons (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Szathmary, Eors -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):306-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Biology, Eotvos University Budapest, and Collegium Budapest (Institute for Advanced Study), 2 Szentharomsag utca, H-1014 Budapest, Hungary. szathmary@colbud.hu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16857926" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Biological Evolution ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Computational Biology ; Cooperative Behavior ; Cultural Evolution ; Exobiology ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Biological ; Models, Theoretical ; Molecular Biology ; Origin of Life ; *Research ; Selection, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 7
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    Herve This profile. The joy of evidence-based cooking (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Nov 24;314(5803):1235-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17124302" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; *Cooking ; *Food ; France ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Cyberinfrastructure for e-Science (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-10
    Description: Here we describe the requirements of an e-Infrastructure to enable faster, better, and different scientific research capabilities. We use two application exemplars taken from the United Kingdom's e-Science Programme to illustrate these requirements and make the case for a service-oriented infrastructure. We provide a brief overview of the UK "plug-and-play composable services" vision and the role of semantics in such an e-Infrastructure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hey, Tony -- Trefethen, Anne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 6;308(5723):817-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Polaris House, North Star Avenue, Swindon SN2 1ET, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879209" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques ; *Computational Biology ; *Computer Communication Networks ; *Computing Methodologies ; Databases as Topic ; Graves Disease/genetics ; *Internet ; *Research ; *Software ; Williams Syndrome/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    The class of 2005. United States: two scientists and a baby (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-22
    Description: If you trust the conventional wisdom, Amy Palmer and Alexis Templeton did a lot of things wrong in their job search. Then why did things turn out so right?〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Austin, Jim -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):518-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16239480" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Career Choice ; *Career Mobility ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Education, Graduate ; *Faculty ; Microbiology ; *Research ; United States ; *Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    France. Chemist claims innocence to spying charge (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 28;312(5773):512.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16645058" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Chemistry ; China ; *Fatty Acids ; France ; History, 21st Century ; *Theft
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 11
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    Don't forget long-term fundamental research in energy (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-02-10
    Description: Achieving a fundamental understanding of the phenomena that will underpin both global stewardship and future technologies in energy calls for a thoughtful balance between large-scale immediate solutions using existing technology and the fundamental research needed to provide better solutions in the 50-year period.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whitesides, George M -- Crabtree, George W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Feb 9;315(5813):796-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. gwhitesides@gmwgroup.harvard.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17289985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biomass ; Biotechnology ; Carbon Dioxide/chemistry ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Electricity ; Electrodes ; *Energy-Generating Resources ; Environment ; Photosynthesis ; *Research ; Solar Energy
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 12
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    Breakthrough of the year. The runners-up (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-22
    Description: The runners-up for 2007's Breakthrough of the Year include advances in cellular and structural biology, astrophysics, physics, immunology, synthetic chemistry, neuroscience, and computer science.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 21;318(5858):1844-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18096772" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; Cellular Reprogramming ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cosmic Radiation ; Humans ; Imagination ; Memory ; Physical Phenomena ; Physics ; Pluripotent Stem Cells ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/chemistry ; *Science ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 13
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    20 years after the wall. Aufbau Ost: Max Planck's East German experiment (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Vogel, Gretchen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Nov 6;326(5954):788-91. doi: 10.1126/science.326_788.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19892956" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Academies and Institutes/economics/organization & administration ; Anthropology ; Biology ; Chemistry ; Germany ; Germany, East ; Physics ; Research Personnel ; Universities
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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