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  • 1
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    Utilization of Crowdsourced Felt Reports to Distinguish High-Impact from Low-Impact Earthquakes Globally within Minutes of an Event (2023)
    In:  The Seismic Record
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Rapid assessment of an earthquake’s impact on the affected society is a crucial step in the early phase of disaster management, navigating the need for further emergency response measures. We demonstrate that felt reports collected via the LastQuake service of the European Mediterranean Seismological Center can be utilized to rapidly estimate the probability of a felt earthquake being high impact rather than low impact on a global scale. Our data-driven, transparent, and reproducible method utilizing Bayes’ theorem and kernel density estimation provides results within 10 min for 393 felt events in 2021. Although a separation of high- and low-impact events remains challenging, the cor- rect and unambiguous assessment of a large portion of low-impact events is a key strength of our approach. We consider our method as an inexpensive addition to the pool of earthquake impact assessment tools, one that is fully independent of seismic data and can be utilized in many populated areas on the planet. Although practical deployment of our method remains an open task, we demonstrate the potential to improve disaster management in regions that currently lack expensive seismic instrumentation.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    ICBM—Integrated Combined Baseline Modification: An Algorithm for Segmented Baseline Estimation (2020)
    In:  Seismological Research Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Accelerograms are the primary source for characterizing strong ground motion. It is therefore of paramount interest to have high‐quality recordings free from any nonphysical contamination. Frequently, accelerograms are affected by baseline jumps and drifts, either related to the instrument and/or a major earthquake. In this work, I propose a correction method for these undesired baseline drifts based on segmented linear least squares. The algorithm operates on the integrated waveforms and combines all three instrument components to estimate a model that modifies the baseline to be at zero continuously. The procedure consists of two steps: first a suite of models with variable numbers of discontinuities is derived for all three instrument components. During this process, the number of discontinuities is reduced in a parsimonious way, for example, two very close discontinuities are merged into a single one. In the second step, the optimal model is selected on the basis of the Bayesian information criterion. I exemplify the application on synthetic waveforms with known discontinuities and on observed waveforms from a unified strong‐motion database of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED, Japan) networks for the major events of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes. After the baseline jump correction, the waveforms are furthermore corrected for displacement according to Wang et al. (2011). The resulting displacements are comparable to the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar‐derived displacement estimates for the Kumamoto earthquake sequence.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Within- and Between-Event Variabilities of Strong-Velocity Pulses of Moderate Earthquakes within Dense Seismic Arrays (2022)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Ground motion with strong‐velocity pulses can cause significant damage to buildings and structures at certain periods; hence, knowing the period and velocity amplitude of such pulses is critical for earthquake structural engineering. However, the physical factors relating the scaling of pulse periods with magnitude are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate moderate but damaging earthquakes (⁠Mw 6–7) and characterize ground‐motion pulses using the method of Shahi and Baker (2014) while considering the potential static‐offset effects. We confirm that the within‐event variability of the pulses is large. The identified pulses in this study are mostly from strike‐slip‐like earthquakes. We further perform simulations using the frequency–wavenumber algorithm to investigate the causes of the variability of the pulse periods within and between events for moderate strike‐slip earthquakes. We test the effect of fault dips, and the impact of the asperity locations and sizes. The simulations reveal that the asperity properties have a high impact on the pulse periods and amplitudes at nearby stations. Our results emphasize the importance of asperity characteristics, in addition to earthquake magnitudes for the occurrence and properties of pulses produced by the forward directivity effect. We finally quantify and discuss within‐ and between‐event variabilities of pulse properties at short distances.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    A Link between Machine Learning and Optimization in Ground-Motion Model Development: Weighted Mixed-Effects Regression with Data-Driven Probabilistic Earthquake Classification (2020)
    In:  Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: The steady increase of ground-motion data not only allows new possibilities but also comes with new challenges in the development of ground-motion models (GMMs). Data classification techniques (e.g., cluster analysis) do not only produce deterministic classifications but also probabilistic classifications (e.g., probabilities for each datum to belong to a given class or cluster). One challenge is the integration of such continuous classification in regressions for GMM development such as the widely used mixed-effects model. We address this issue by introducing an extension of the mixed-effects model to incorporate data weighting. The parameter estimation of the mixed-effects model, that is, fixed-effects coefficients of the GMMs and the random-effects variances, are based on the weighted likelihood function, which also provides analytic uncertainty estimates. The data weighting permits for earthquake classification beyond the classical, expert-driven, binary classification based, for example, on event depth, distance to trench, style of faulting, and fault dip angle. We apply Angular Classification with Expectation–maximization, an algorithm to identify clusters of nodal planes from focal mechanisms to differentiate between, for example, interface- and intraslab-type events. Classification is continuous, that is, no event belongs completely to one class, which is taken into account in the ground-motionmodeling. The theoretical framework described in this article allows for a fully automatic calibration of ground-motionmodels using large databases with automated classification and processing of earthquake and ground-motion data. As an example, we developed a GMM on the basis of the GMM by Montalva et al. (2017) with data from the strong-motion flat file of Bastías and Montalva (2016) with ∼2400 records from 319 events in the Chilean subduction zone. Our GMMwith the data-driven classification is comparable to the expert-classification-based model. Furthermore, the model shows temporal variations of the between-event residuals before and after large earthquakes in the region.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    REHEATFUNQ (REgional HEAT-Flow Uncertainty and aNomaly Quantification) 2.0.1: a model for regional aggregate heat flow distributions and anomaly quantification (2024)
    In:  Geoscientific Model Development
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Surface heat flow is a geophysical variable that is affected by a complex combination of various heat generation and transport processes. The processes act on different lengths scales, from tens of meters to hundreds of kilometers. In general, it is not possible to resolve all processes due to a lack of data or modeling resources, and hence the heat flow data within a region is subject to residual fluctuations. We introduce the REgional HEAT-Flow Uncertainty and aNomaly Quantification (REHEATFUNQ) model, version 2.0.1. At its core, REHEATFUNQ uses a stochastic model for heat flow within a region, considering the aggregate heat flow to be generated by a gamma-distributed random variable. Based on this assumption, REHEATFUNQ uses Bayesian inference to (i) quantify the regional aggregate heat flow distribution (RAHFD) and (ii) estimate the strength of a given heat flow anomaly, for instance as generated by a tectonically active fault. The inference uses a prior distribution conjugate to the gamma distribution for the RAHFDs, and we compute parameters for a uninformed prior distribution from the global heat flow database by Lucazeau (2019). Through the Bayesian inference, our model is the first of its kind to consistently account for the variability in regional heat flow in the inference of spatial signals in heat flow data. Interpretation of these spatial signals and in particular their interpretation in terms of fault characteristics (particularly fault strength) form a long-standing debate within the geophysical community. We describe the components of REHEATFUNQ and perform a series of goodness-of-fit tests and synthetic resilience analyses of the model. While our analysis reveals to some degree a misfit of our idealized empirical model with real-world heat flow, it simultaneously confirms the robustness of REHEATFUNQ to these model simplifications. We conclude with an application of REHEATFUNQ to the San Andreas fault in California. Our analysis finds heat flow data in the Mojave section to be sufficient for an analysis and concludes that stochastic variability can allow for a surprisingly large fault-generated heat flow anomaly to be compatible with the data. This indicates that heat flow alone may not be a suitable quantity to address fault strength of the San Andreas fault.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    Informe : Los estudios genéticos en la merluza Merluccius hubbsi (Marini 1933) entre los 32°S y los 50°S de latitud. Análisis de la información genética generada en la DINARA. (2024)
    DINARA | Montevideo, Uruguay
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: PNUD
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::P::Population genetics ; ASFA_2015::H::Hake fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 21pp.
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  • 7
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    Análisis del desembarque de Condrictios por la flota de arrastre costero uruguaya en el Río de la Plata y Zona Común de Peca. Año 2012 (2024)
    DINARA | Montevideo, Uruguay
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Se analizó la información de desembarque proveniente de los partes de pesca de la flota industrial costera en el año 2012 para las principales especies de Condrictios. En dicho año la flota realizó 984 viajes de pesca y un total de 8.471 lances en el área del Río de la Plata (RP) y la Zona Común de Pesca (ZCP). Las especies de Condrictios con mayor volumen desembarcado fueron el gatuzo Mustelus schmitti (254 t), el angelito Squatina guggenheim (115 t) y la raya lisa Rioraja agassizi (53 t), totalizando las tres especies el 92% del volumen desembarcado de Condrictios. Un total de 434 t fue desembarcado dentro de la categoría “Varios”, la cual puede enmascarar capturas de cualquier especie. Las épocas del año con mayor volumen desembarcado, teniendo en cuenta el esfuerzo pesquero, fueron primavera y verano, siendo octubre y noviembre los meses de mayor rendimiento para M. schmitti y noviembre y diciembre para S. guggenheim. Los valores más altos de captura por unidad de esfuerzo de angelito ocurrieron en la zona costera frente a Rocha, mientras que los de gatuzo ocurrieron frente a la costa de Canelones y Maldonado fuera del RP. Los mayores rendimientos para la raya lisa ocurrieron en el área oceánica al este de Punta del Este. La presencia en los partes de pesca de la categoría “Varios”, el gran número de lances negativos (alta ausencia) de Condrictios, así como la cuantificación de algunas especies en “piezas” y no en peso, demostraron que la captura de las diferentes especies de Condrictios está subestimada. Es esencial una mejora en la calidad de los datos de captura retenida y también descartada de las diferentes especies del grupo Condrictios para evaluar el estado de los stocks de este grupo de peces en el área de estudio.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Chondrichthyans ; ASFA_2015::T::Trawling
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 24pp.
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  • 8
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    Características poblacionales de Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845) (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) en arrecifes de la región noroccidental Cuba. (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Diadema antillarum es considerada como el principal invertebrado herbívoro de los arre- cifes de coral del Caribe. Debido a la significación que representa esta especie, en esta investigación se evaluaron indicadores poblacionales de la misma en las crestas arrecifales de playa Baracoa y Rincón de Guanabo, costa noroccidental de Cuba. Los muestreos se realizaron en enero-marzo de 2021. Se estimó la densidad media, diámetro medio de la testa, porcentaje de juveniles y adultos, de agregaciones y albinismo de D. antillarum para cada cresta. Las variables fueron evaluadas utilizando un transecto de banda de 10 m de largo por 1 m de ancho. La densidad media de D. antillarum en playa Baracoa (19.28 ± 14.40 ind./10 m2) fue superior al valor reportado en Rincón de Guanabo (0.78 ± 0.43 ind./10 m2) y en algunos arrecifes del Caribe. En playa Baracoa el porcentaje de indivi- duos adultos representa el 95.25 % del total. El diámetro medio de D. antillarum en playa Baracoa (5.53 ± 1.76 cm) y Rincón de Guanabo (3.05 ± 1.56 cm) resultó ser inferior al reportado en algunos arrecifes del Caribe. En playa Baracoa se encontraron 148 agrega- ciones y 40 individuos albinos. El número bajo de individuos en el Rincón de Guanabo (47) ha generado varias hipótesis que necesitaran ser corroboradas en el futuro. No se en- contró evidencia de la pandemia que sufre D. antillarum en el Caribe, lo cual se considera un indicador positivo. Se recomienda evaluar el manejo (restauración) de la especie en la cresta del Rincón de Guanabo.
    Description: Diadema antillarum is considered the main herbivorous invertebrate of Caribbean co- ral reefs. Due to the significance of this specie for coral reefs, our research focused on evaluating ecological indicators of D. antillarum in the reef crests of Baracoa beach and Rincón de Guanabo on the northwestern coast of Cuba. The study was conducted between January and March of 2021. We assessed the mean density, test mean diameter, percentage of juveniles and adults, aggregations, and instances of albinism in D. anti- llarum for each crest. These variables were measured using a 10-m-long and 1-m-wide belt transect. The mean density of D. antillarum in Baracoa beach (19.28 ± 14.40 ind./10 m2) was higher than that in Rincón de Guanabo (0.78 ± 0.43 ind./10 m2) and other Caribbean reefs. In Baracoa beach, adults accounted 95.25 % of the total individuals found in this crest. The mean diameter of D. antillarum in Baracoa beach (5.53 ± 1.76 cm) and Rincón de Guanabo (3.05 ± 1.56 cm) was lower than that observed in other Caribbean reefs. In Baracoa beach, we identified 148 aggregations and 40 individuals with albinism. The low number (47) of D. antillarum individuals in Rincón de Guanabo generates new hypothesis that have to be tested in the future. No evi- dence of the pandemic affecting D. antillarum in the Ca- ribbean was found, which is considered a positive indicator. It is recommended to evaluate management (restoration) for the species in the Rincón de Guanabo crest.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Albinismo ; Conducta ; Crestas de arrecifes ; Erizo negro de espinas largas ; Herbivoría ; Albinism ; Behaviour ; Reef´s crests ; Black sea urchin with long spines ; Herbivory
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.115-140
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  • 9
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    Marine habitat mapping. (2024)
    European Marine Board | Ostend, Belgium
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: EMB Future Science Brief No. 11 ‘Marine habitat mapping’ presents science and policy needs and recommendations to advance next-generation marine habitat mapping. This document highlights current methods and future trends in the acquisition of data from the seabed and water column via remote sensing and direct, in situ techniques. It discusses combining data to produce maps using modelling approaches and presents recommendations for adopting fit-for-purpose habitat classification schemes. It also provides an overview of what has been mapped and where within the European sea-basins, highlights the need to increase the quality and resolution of marine habitat maps. It identifies critical gaps in habitat types and geographic extent, including the coastal areas, the deep sea, Natura 2000 sites and other Marine Protected Areas across all regional seas. Finally, it describes the need to improve the assessment and communication of uncertainty and confidence in maps, and to make maps more easily accessible to a variety of stakeholders to increase their value for end-users and to the public for Ocean literacy.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: marine habitat mapping ; conservation ; restoration
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 74pp.
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  • 10
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    La investigación marina en Colombia una actividad de prioridad nacional (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-07-01
    Description: Las aguas marinas cubren el 70 % de la tierra. Encierran riquezas animales, vegetales y minerales, cuyo valor real es aún incalculable. Sus aguas poseen una riqueza de compuestos orgánicos e inorgánicos, comparable o superior a la de la tierra. La riqueza pesquera, fuente de proteína animal, ha sido explotada con un fin comercial exclusivamente, sin mayores bases científicas acerca de la biología y ecología de las especies, lo que se ha constituido en una sobreexplotación, que ya ha hecho disminuir y casi desaparecer a varios de sus representantes. Los peces, lo mismo que muchos invertebrados / marinos, son explotados a menudo por monopolios nacionales e internacionales, utilizando la mayoría de las veces, técnicas muy destructivas, pues en muchas ocasiones sólo el 20 ó 30 % de los arrastres son aprovechados. Es decir, sólo los mejores ejemplares son aceptados por los mercados internacionales, y el resto, que bien pudiera ser utilizado en su alimentación por miles de personas, es arrojado de nuevo al mar, como residuo inservible.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Investigación Marina y Costera ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine fish
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: 1-6 pp
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