ALBERT

Description: Verschiedene Arten, die in der Literatur mit Leptonia babingtonii in Beziehung gebracht worden sind, werden hier aufs neue geprüft.

Description: Spiranthes spiralis (L.) Chevall. op Goeree. Ook in 1972 heeft Spiranthes spiralis op de bekende groeiplaats op Goeree weer rijk gebloeid. Op 2 september 1972 telden wij 993 bloeistengels. Opvallend was een lichte teruggang van het aantal bloeiende exemplaren ten opzichte van 1971 (1142 exx.), alsmede het feit dat de planten in hun ontwikkeling niet zover waren als op 22 augustus 1971, toen dus 11 dagen eerder werd geteld. Voor wijze van telling en beschrijving van het gebied zie Gorteria 5(11), 1971, p. 266\xe2\x80\x94267.

Description: First record of Bryum gemmiparum de Not. from The Netherlands. The taxonomy and distribution of the species are discussed. Bryum gemmiparum was collected in a clay-pit along the river Maas in the north of the province of Limburg. This locality seems to be the northernmost one known of the species. Bryum gemmiparum was found growing on steep, rather humid, loamy soils in a luxuriant cover of bryophytes characterized by Anisothecium varium, Riccardia sinuata, Riccardia pinguis, Bryum bicolor, Didymodon tophaceus, and Mniobryum wahlenbergii. A floristical and ecological investigation of this highly interesting bryophyte vegetation in The Netherlands is needed.

Description: Perennial (rarely annual) herbs, or undershrubs, terrestrial or aquatic, sometimes stoloniferous ( Gunnera). Leaves opposite, spiral, or verticillate, in the terrestrial species nearly always simple, in the aquatic ones always partly pinnately divided, pinnately nerved or (in Gunnera) palmately nerved. Stipules 0, but the leaves often flanked by small, subulate and caducous enations. Flowers mostly in spike-like inflorescences, sometimes in a compound panicle, mostly solitary or (sometimes) in clusters of up to a dozen flowers in the axil of a bract or reduced leaf, \xe2\x99\x80 monoecious, dioecious or polygamous, perigynous, actinomorphous, mostly 4-merous, or 2-, or (not in Mal.) 3-merous. Sepals 4 or 2, rarely (not in Mal.) 3, in \xe2\x99\x80 flowers sometimes much reduced to 0, free or little connate, mostly persistent. Petals alternisepalous, 4, 2 or 0, rarely 3 (not in Mal.), free, in \xe2\x99\x80 flowers absent or strongly reduced, often soon caducous, mostly more or less unguiculate and cochleariform, longer than the sepals. Stamens as many as sepals and then epi- or alternisepalous, or twice as many, 8, 4 or 2, rarely (not in Mal.) 3 fertile and 3 sterile, or 1, in \xe2\x99\x80 flowers completely reduced; filaments mostly filiform, long and very thin, rarely (not in Mal.) short and thick; anthers 2-celled, basifixed, latrorse, mostly oblong to linear, rarely \xc2\xb1 elliptic. Disk 0. Ovary 1- or 4-, rarely 2- or (not in Mal.) 3-celled, in the \xe2\x99\x82 flowers 0 or reduced; style alternisepalous, free, mostly short, grading into the globose or subulate stigmas which spread in fruit, the stigmatic, more-celled papillae hair-like elongating towards the end of the anthesis (except in Gunnera). Ovules as many as styles, or (in Gunnera) single, apical, pendulous, anatropous and apotropous. Fruit nut-like or (in Gunnera) a drupe, variously sculptured, indehiscent 1-seeded or breaking up into 4(-2) 1- seeded mericarps. Seed with a thin testa; embryo cylindrical, surrounded by a thick, white, oily albumen, or (in Gunnera) obcordate and in top of a very copious and oily albumen.\nDistribution. Genera 7, with c. 150 spp., nearly all over the world, but rather rare in the tropics.

Description: In his paper on the peat swamp forests of Sarawak and Brunei (Gard. Bull. 20, 1963, 152) Dr. J. A. R. Anderson made notice of a distinctive Xanthophyllum species which he was not able to identify. In 1968, Mr. F. S. P. Ng, revising the genus for the Manual of Malayan Timber Trees, recognized it as a new species, but did not describe it. Working now on a monograph of the genus, and having examined all collections Dr. Anderson kindly sent on loan to me, I am able to describe it here as a new species.\nI am much indebted to Dr. H. Sleumer for rendering the diagnosis in Latin.

Description: In about 10\xe2\x80\x9415 % of the cases a sharp distinction between Atriplex hastata L., patula L., littoralis L., and glabriuscula Edm. is not possible, both in the field and in the herbarium. In order to establish the status of the \xe2\x80\x98intermediates\xe2\x80\x99 a karyological examination was undertaken of 95 samples collected in the Netherlands including both typical specimens and intermediates. It appeared that the specimens clearly representing A. hastata, littoralis, or glabriuscula are diploid (n = 9), but those representing A. patula tetraploid (n = 18). The \xe2\x80\x98intermediates\xe2\x80\x99 between A. hastata and patula are either diploid or tetraploid. Hence a sharp distinction between the latter two taxa is only possible on the chromosome number. A similar result was found for the \xe2\x80\x98intermediates\xe2\x80\x99 between A. patula and littoralis. It depends on the specific concept one adheres to whether these four taxa should be ranked as species; European botanists usually give them specific rank, their American colleagues infraspecific rank. Autogamy seems to be the rule in these species. This as well as the chromosome numbers found rule out the possibility of hybridization as an explanation for the occurrence of intermediates. I have strong doubts as to the artificial hybrids reported in literature because of the technical difficulties involved and apparently not solved. Special attention has been paid to possible characters to be derived from the leaves, the phyllotaxis, and the bracts. The variation in the leaves of the four species examined is overlapping. The same holds true for the phyllotaxis and the ripe fruits and fruiting bracteoles. An account is given of some abnormalities which have been found during the chromosome countings. An attempt was made to correlate morphological characters of the leaf, especially the leaf-base and leaf-index, and the chromosomes in A. hastata and patula. The results presented in the scatter diagrams show that, though on the whole there is a marked correlation between leafshape and chromosome number, no sharp distinction can be made. Finally a provisional key is given.

Description: Three new adventitious species of Amaranthaceae are recorded for the Netherlands: Gomphrena celosioides Mart., Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) R. Br. ex Grisebach var. bettzickiana (Regel) Backer and an unidentified species of Alternanthera. Of the latter a description is given and the identification is requested. Gomphrena and Alternanthera can be separated as follows: 1. Stigma capitate or shortly ................... 2-lobed Alternanthera 1\xe2\x80\x99. Stigma branches 2, filiform to subulate ................... Gomphrena Gomphrena globosa and G. celosioides are easily recognized by the dorsal crest of the bracteoles. The species of Alternanthera here described can be fitted in the key given by VAN OOSTSTROOM & REICHGELT (1961) in the following manner: 0. Anthers lanceolate to linear; pseudostaminodes ligular with laciniate apex. 00. Bracts and bracteoles ca. \xc2\xbe times as long as the tepals. Outer tepals with 3\xe2\x80\x945 thick nerves at base. Pseudostaminodia \xc2\xb1 as long as the stamens. A. ficoidea var. bettzickiana 00\xe2\x80\x99. Bracts and bracteoles longer than the tepals. Outer tepals at most faintly nerved. Pseudostaminodia shorter than the stamens .................. A. spec. 0\xe2\x80\x99. Anthers ellipsoid; pseudostaminodia narrowly triangular to linear-subulate, entire. 1. Tepals etc.

Description: A systematic study has been made of the Paguridea (exclusive of the Lithodidae) from northwestern North America. In addition to the redescriptions of all known species, two subgenera are herein raised to generic rank and a new genus is described. Several systematic problems have been resolved, and have resulted in the suppression of several specific names familar to North American carcinologists.

Description: The migration of G. zaddachi in La Slack, a small stream on the French Channel coast, and some physico-chemical properties of the river are discussed.\nIn laboratory experiments, the influence of the Cl- and Ca++ concentration on the survival-rate and reproduction of G. zaddachi was investigated. A raise in the Cl- concentration of the medium caused a significant improvement of the survivalrate. A raise in the Ca++ concentration also gives, although not significant, a higher survival-rate.

Description: A description and drawings are presented of a new species of Penicillium which is assigned to the P. nigricans series.