ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Ihre E-Mail wurde erfolgreich gesendet. Bitte prüfen Sie Ihren Maileingang.

Leider ist ein Fehler beim E-Mail-Versand aufgetreten. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.

Vorgang fortführen?

Exportieren
Filter
  • temperature  (703)
  • Evolution  (687)
  • Springer  (1.383)
  • Frontiers Media SA  (7)
  • 1
    Schlagwort(e): Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Seiten: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: Parasites exhibit a range of life-history strategies that influence spatial and temporal disease dynamics, epidemiology development and, through this, the genetic diversity and spatial structure of their populations, and the evolutionary dynamics within populations. Parasites exhibit a range of life-history traits, including different life-cycle complexity, dispersal and survival strategies, transmission modes, and dispersal ability. These are important determinants of the frequency and predictability of interactions with host species. These determinants are also involved in the ability of parasites to adapt to varying ecological factors including changes in the abiotic environment, evolution of agrosystem characteristics, and direct or indirect competition with other co-occurrence parasites species. The aim of this Research Topic is to collect studies on plant pathogen life history traits and adaptation to environmental constraints.
    Schlagwort(e): coinfection ; epidemic ; host resistance ; hydric stress ; leaf maturity ; non-agricultural habitats ; survival ; temperature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 3
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-03-31
    Beschreibung: The current eBook collection includes substantial scientific work in describing how insect species are responding to abiotic factors and recent climatic trends on the basis of insect physiology and population dynamics. The contributions can be broadly split into four chapters: the first chapter focuses on the function of environmental and mostly temperature driven models, to identify the seasonal emergence and population dynamics of insects, including some important pests. The second chapter provides additional examples on how such models can be used to simulate the effect of climate change on insect phenology and population dynamics. The third chapter focuses on describing the effects of nutrition, gene expression and phototaxis in relation to insect demography, growth and development, whilst the fourth chapter provides a short description on the functioning of circadian systems as well as on the evolutionary dynamics of circadian clocks.
    Schlagwort(e): QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; environment ; modeling insect phenology ; ectotherms ; temperature ; diapause ; insects ; circadian rithms ; climate change ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Schlagwort(e): omics ; networks ; Climate Change ; temperature ; ultraviolet radiation ; drought ; Hormones ; Fruit flavor ; secondary metabolites ; terroir ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
    Schlagwort(e): Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics and Population Dynamics ; Microbial Ecology ; Human Genetics ; Genetics and Genomics ; Comparative genomics ; Metagenomics ; Microbial Population Analysis ; Pangenome Profile ; Supra-Genome Analysis ; Adaptive Evolution ; Computational Tools ; Bioinformatic Genomics ; Core Dispensable Genome ; Selection, Recombination, Composition ; Acquired Resistance ; Bacterial Species Concept ; Genomic Diversity ; Bacterial Ecology, Microevolution ; Open Access ; Pan-metagenomics ; Pan-microbiomics ; Pan-epigenome ; Gene Transfer ; Pan-phenomes ; Microbiology (non-medical) ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Applied mathematics ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFN Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Schlagwort(e): abiotic stress ; carbon balance ; crosstalk ; drought ; light ; osmotic stress ; photoinhibition ; temperature ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Schlagwort(e): Unsteady states ; Physiological challenges ; Hyperbaric ; temperature ; Diving ; Parabolic flights ; stress ; coping ; Learning ; Oxygen ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-05
    Beschreibung: During their life cycle plants undergo a wide variety of morphological and developmental changes. Impinging these developmental processes there is a layer of gene, protein and metabolic networks that are responsible for the initiation of the correct developmental transitions at the right time of the year to ensure plant life success. New omic technologies are allowing the acquisition of massive amount of data to develop holistic and integrative analysis to understand complex processes. Among them, Microarray, Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) and Proteomics are providing enormous amount of data from different plant species and developmental stages, thus allowing the analysis of gene networks globally. Besides, the comparison of molecular networks from different species is providing information on their evolutionary history, shedding light on the origin of many key genes/proteins. Moreover, developmental processes are not only genetically programed but are also affected by internal and external signals. Metabolism, light, hormone action, temperature, biotic and abiotic stresses, etc. have a deep effect on developmental programs. The interface and interplay between these internal and external circuits with developmental programs can be unraveled through the integration of systematic experimentation with the computational analysis of the generated omics data (Molecular Systems Biology). This Research Topic intends to deepen in the different plant developmental pathways and how the corresponding gene networks evolved from a Molecular Systems Biology perspective. Global approaches for photoperiod, circadian clock and hormone regulated processes; pattern formation, phase-transitions, organ development, etc. will provide new insights on how plant complexity was built during evolution. Understanding the interface and interplay between different regulatory networks will also provide fundamental information on plant biology and focus on those traits that may be important for next-generation agriculture.
    Schlagwort(e): QK1-989 ; Q1-390 ; Plant Development ; Omics ; Molecular Systems Biology ; Evolution ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PST Botany and plant sciences
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Frontiers Media SA
    Publikationsdatum: 2024-04-04
    Beschreibung: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Schlagwort(e): Carrion ; Mass Mortality ; Organic Matter ; Decomposition ; Resource Subsidy ; Disturbance ; Pulse ; Necrobiome ; Evolution ; Food Webs ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere
    Sprache: Englisch
    Format: image/jpeg
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 140 (1999), S. 81-86 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Schlagwort(e): Reed Warbler ; timing of breeding ; spring arrival ; global climate change ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung In einem Untersuchungsgebiet am westlichen Bodensee (Halbinsel Mettnau) zeichnet sich zwischen 1976 und 1997 eine deutliche Zunahme früh ausgeflogener Teichrohrsänger ab, was auf ein früheres Brüten schließen läßt. Weiterhin hat sich die Erstankunft des Teichrohrsängers am Bodensee in den letzten 16 Jahren (1982–1997) im Vergleich zum Zeitraum 1961 bis 1980 um genau eine Woche verfrüht (im Mittel vom 26.4. auf den 19.4.). Während sich zwischen der jährlichen Erstankunft des Teichrohrsängers am Bodensee und der Zahl früh ausgeflogener Jungvögel kein statistisch gesicherter Zusammenhang finden läßt, ist die Temperatur in der ersten Maihälfte ein guter (statistisch signifikanter) Indikator für die Zahl früh ausgeflogener Teichrohrsänger. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß sich offenbar auch Langstreckenzieher an die sich abzeichnende Klimaveränderung anzupassen beginnen.
    Notizen: Summary Data from a standardized mist-netting programme (the so-called "MRI-Programm") were used to assess the timing of breeding in Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) at Lake Constance (South Germany). The number of Reed Warblers fledged early in the season increased significantly between 1976 and 1997 (rs=0.614; p〈0.01). This is most probably due to a long-term increase in spring temperature as suggested by the high correlation between the number of early-fledged Reed Warblers and mean temperature in the first half of May (rs=0.416; p〈0.01). While in the period from 1961 to 1980 the mean date of spring arrival was on the 26th of April, it shifted towards the 19th April from 1981 to 1997. However, the number of early-fledged Reed Warblers and the date of spring arrival are not significantly correlated. The lack of a significant correlation may be due to a number of reasons, for instance early arriving birds do not belong to the local population or there could be an observational bias among years. Yet, the most likely explanation is that the timing of breeding in Reed Warblers is triggered by vegetation growth and food supply rather than by the timing of spring arrival. There is growing body of evidence from this and other studies that the recent climate change is responsible for the shift in both the timing of migration and breeding in birds.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 454-461 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Schlagwort(e): Impregnation ; void ; liquid ; fabric ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Under the condition that liquid epoxy resin impregnation was through polyester non-woven fabric sheets, sandwiched between two circular glass plates, the increase in gas pressure caused by decrease in the volume of non-impregnating area was not as much as expected according to Boyle's law. Hence, the quantity of the gas consumed by dissolution and diffusion into the liquid resin and the polyester fibers, as well as by the void formation in the impregnating area of liquid resin, was calculated. According to the results, the quantities of gas decreased by dissolution and diffusion from the non-impregnating area into the impregnating liquid resin and into the polyester fiber are found to be so small that the deviation from Boyle's law mostly depends on the gas consumption due to the void formation in the impregnating area. Observing the impregnating region with a microscope, many voids were found in the area between the non-impregnating area and the completely impregnated area. The number and size of voids are theoretically estimated by assuming the non-uniformity of the fiber distribution in the polyester non-woven fabric.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 9-16 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphid ; alder ; food quality ; temperature ; ovariole number ; Pterocallis alni
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé P. alni DeGeer (Homopt. Callaphididae) vit sur Alnus glutinosa Gaertner pendant toute l'année. L'aulne étant un arbre fixant l'azote, cette étude a été entreprise pour examiner la croissance et la reproduction de ce puceron sur cet arbre afin d'expliquer les changements de la dynamique de sa population. 6 générations successives estivales ont été élevées dans la nature et en température constante au laboratoire. La qualité de l'aliment a été mesurée chaque semaine par une microkjeldahl analyse des concentrations foliaires en azote soluble. La qualité de l'aliment varie saisonnière, mais ne diminue que de 23%; elle semble n'avoir que peu d'effets sur le puceron, puisque la fécondité dans la nature n'est réduite que pendant une génération. Quand la température est maintenue constante, il n'y a pas de différences entre les performances des différentes générations de pucerons. Ainsi, les changements saisonniers dans la croissance et la reproduction des pucerons sont provoqués par la température et non par la qualité de l'aliment.
    Notizen: Abstract Six successive summer generations of the alder aphid (Pterocallis alni (DeGeer) (Homoptera: Callaphididae)) were reared simultaneously in the field and under controlled temperature conditions in the laboratory. The growth and reproduction of each generation were recorded. The available food quality for the aphids was measured by weekly analysis of foliar soluble nitrogen concentrations. Although there was a significant change in leaf soluble nitrogen during the season, the decline was only 23% and this did not appear to have an adverse effect on the performance of this aphid. Instead, the major environmental factor affecting the aphid is temperature. This is evidenced by the facts that when aphids were reared at constant temperatures, there were no differences in generation performance, even though food quality varied seasonally. In addition, all generations of the aphid posess the same number of ovarioles, indicating that there is no pre-programmed anticipation of a seasonal deterioration in food quality in this aphid species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 81-96 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): chlorogenic acid ; Heliothis virescens ; Manduca sexta ; Pseudoplusia includens ; rutin ; Spodoptera frugiperda ; temperature ; tomatine ; Trichoplusia ni
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Analysis of the combined effects of allelochemicals on insect herbivores is useful because there may be adverse additive or even synergistic effects. Analysis of the simultaneous effects of temperature and alleochemicals is also necessary because these factors may interact. We examined the effects of three allelochemicals found in tomato (chlorogenic acid, rutin and tomatine) and thermal regime (21:10 °C and 26:15 °C, representing spring and summer respectively) on five insect herbivores (a Solanaceae specialist, Manduca sexta, and the polyphagous Heliothis virescens, Pseudoplusia includens, Spodoptera frugiperda and Trichoplusia ni). There were allelochemical interactions and thermal regime-allelochemical interactions for all species, and so the patterns were complex. In some cases, paired allelochemicals or the combination of three allelochemicals showed adverse additive effects on insect performance. But that was not always the case, and there were only a few examples of synergism. Negative effects of the allelochemicals were sometimes, but not always, damped by the cooler thermal regime. Comparing the growth rates of the five species in this study with those of a previous study (a total of seven species) revealed five patterns. For two of three pairs of closely-related species, the paired species had distinctly different patterns. For example, for H. virescens, tomatine prevented development and chlorogenic acid slowed growth, whereas for Helicoverpa zea, tomatine just slowed growth and the phenolics had little effect. The specialist Manduca sexta had a pattern that was midway between patterns of the generalists; it was not the most tolerant of the allelochemicals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 481-489 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): reproductive compatibility ; hybrid inviability ; temperature ; Trichogramma ; biological control ; Hymenoptera ; Trichogrammatidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In non-reciprocal cross-incompatibility (NRCI), the crossing of a female of a strain A with a male of a strain B results in hybrid offspring, whereas the reciprocal cross produces few or no hybrids. Only females are of hybrid origin in Hymenoptera because they arise from fertilized eggs; males arise from unfertilized (haploid) eggs. Crosses between many strains of Trichogramma deion showed some degree of NRCI. Crosses between a T. deion culture collected in Seven Pines, California (SVP) with one from Marysville, California (MRY) showed an extreme form of NRCI in which practically no female offspring was produced when MRY females were crossed with SVP males. The reciprocal cross produced a close to normal proportion of female and male offspring. Detailed studied of this cross indicated that 1) the female offspring produced in the compatible interstrain cross were not the result of parthenogenesis but were true hybrids, 2) the incompatible interstrain cross did not produce female offspring because fertilized eggs died during development, 3) the death of these eggs could not be prevented by either antibiotic or temperature treatment, 4) cytoplasmically inherited factors causing NRCI could be discounted because backcrossed females with the genome of MRY and the cytoplasm of SVP, exhibit the NRCI relationship characteristic of their genome. Therefore the NRCI between these strains appears to be caused by a modification coded for by the nuclear genes of MRY that results in incompatibility when SVP sperm fertilizes MRY eggs. In addition the level of incompatibility in crosses between the SVP females and MRY males is temperature sensitive, the higher the rearing temperature the lower the level of compatibility.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): oviposition ; stimulation ; narcosis ; carbon dioxide ; age ; temperature ; photoperiod ; Bombus terrestris
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Four experiments aimed at the stimulation of starting oviposition were carried out with bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris L.) from colonies belonging to the ecotype of Central Western France and reared in a glasshouse. After mating, queens were narcotized with carbon dioxide, confined singly in small boxes (11×5×4.5 cm) and kept in a dark room at 28–29 °C and 60%–65% r.h. They were fed on a sugar solution and a pollen-syrup mixture. No effects were discernible if the narcosis was applied 20 to 30 days after mating instead of 5 days, nor if the queens were submitted to a 4 to 5 day period at 34°C following narcosis. Survival rates ranged from 65% to 68 %. If the queens were reared under fluorescent tubes (L8∶D16) after narcosis the mean delays to egg-laying were significantly reduced compared to a dark treatment (21 days instead of 39), as was their variability (s.e.=1.6 day instead of 3.1 days). The survival rates were respectively 73% and 67%. Under the same photoperiod (L8∶D16) the CO2 narcosis repeated at a 24h interval had the same efficacy whether its duration was 10 min or 5 min. The delays to egg-laying were respectively 20 days (s.e=1.5) and 25 days (s.e.=4.8) with survival rates close to 73%. Egg-laying could also be induced in non-narcotized queens with a survival rate of 54% and delays to oviposition close to those of queens narcotized 2×10 min.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 221-229 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Agaonidae ; host choice ; dispersal ; Ficus ; migration ; Moraceae ; take off ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ficus burtt-davyi, like most other fig species (Ficus, Moraceae), is exclusively pollinated by its own unique species of fig wasp, in this caseElisabethiella baijnathi (Chalcidoidea, Agaonidae). Because fig crop development on any one tree is usually synchronised, the small and short-lived female wasps have to migrate and find other trees bearing figs which are at suitable stage of development for oviposition. However, the likelihood of successful location and subsequent arrival at a new host tree is dependent on distance and the effect of environmental factors such as wind and temperature. This study examines the relationship between ambient temperatures and the timing of fig wasps emergence from their natal figs and the commencement of their dispersal flight. The behaviour of the wasps arriving at figs which were ready to be pollinated was also examined. The female wasps did not appear to distinguish between the figs and other parts of the tree when in flight. However, after landing on the tree their search for figs was more directed as they visited more figs than leaves. Short-range recognition of figs appears to be by contact chemo-reception, but the wasps showed a preference for entering figs which did not already contain a female wasp.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 17
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Anagyrus kamali ; Encyrtidae ; parasitoid ; Maconellicoccus hirsutus ; Pseudococcidae ; host density ; functional response ; temperature ; photoperiod
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The peformance of the parasitoid Anagyrus kamali Moursi [Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae], as a function of host density, temperature, and photoperiod was investigated with the objective to optimize a mass-rearing system in the context of a biological control program. The number of hosts parasitized at densities varying from 2–100 hibiscus mealybug (HMB), Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green [Homoptera: Pseudococcidae], corresponded to a type II-III functional response in fixed-time conditions and a type III in variable-time conditions. Twenty-six percent of the oviposited eggs led to progeny emergence with a sex ratio of 0.49±0.102 (M/F), regardless of host density. Fecundity and oviposition period under six abiotic combinations (i.e., two temperatures (26±2 °C and 32±2 °C) and three photoperiods (L0:D24, L12:D12, L24:D0)) were measured. Lifetime fecundity and reproductive life were significantly affected by temperature and photoperiod conditions. Optimum female parasitoid lifetime fecundity was attained at 26±2 °C, L0:D24 with an average of 116.1±17.43 eggs. At 32±2 °C, L24:D0 and L12:D12, an average of 79.4±34.57 and 85.8±35.81 eggs were laid, respectively. Reproductive longevity was maximal at 26±2 °C, L0:D24 with 12±4.85 days of oviposition. Because the parasite A. kamali can be reared optimally without light, this may save tremendous energy costs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 95 (2000), S. 173-184 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphidius ervi ; Aphidius rhopalosiphi ; Praon volucre ; Sitobion avenae ; temperature ; development time ; parasitization ; superparasitization ; lower temperature thresholds ; immature mortality ; sex ratio
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Temperature dependencies were established for the egg-to-mummy and mummy-to-adult phases, for mummy mortality, and for parasitism of Aphidius ervi Haliday, Aphidius rhopalosiphi De Stefani-Perez, and Praon volucre (Haliday) (Hymenoptera, Aphidiidae), three parasitoids of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera, Aphididae), at 8 °C, 12 °C, 16 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C on winter wheat (cv. Haven). A physiological model described temperature-dependent development over the full temperature range, whereas a linear model was fitted for data above 8 °C and used to estimate the lower temperature thresholds and day-degrees (° D) required for development. The thresholds for A. ervi were 2.2 °C for egg-mummy development and 6.6 °C for mummy-adult development, those for A. rhopalosiphi were 4.5 °C and 7.2 °C, and those for P. volucre were 3.8 °C and 5.5 °C. The time to develop into mummies and adults differed significantly between the three species: A. ervi development into mummies required an average of 159 ° D, while development into adults took an average of 73 ° D. The corresponding average times required for A. rhopalosiphi and P. volucre to develop mummies were 124° D and 126° D, while their development into adults required an average of 70° D and 150° D, respectively. Mummy mortality was 25–35% at 8 °C and less at the higher temperatures tested, but began to increase again at 25 °C, showing a quadratic relationship between mortality and temperature. Parasitization was very low or, in the case of P. volucre, absent up to 12 °C and thereafter increased with increasing temperature. The relationship between parasitization, recorded as percent aphids mummified, and temperature was linear at the temperatures tested and depended on species. A. ervisuperparasitized 11.1% aphids at 20 °C and 16.6% aphids at 25 °C, whereas superparasitism was low in A. rhopalosiphi and absent in P. volucre. From 16 °C to 25 °C the P. volucre sex ratio increased. For A. ervi and A. rhopalosiphi there was no trend with temperature, but at 20 °C and 25 °C it was close to even. Field data for 1996 and 1997 allowed for a comparison of actual and expected emergence of overwintering mummies. In both years, parasitoids were predicted to have emerged from overwintering mummies well in advance of the onset of aphid infestation, and more than a month earlier than the first parasitized aphids were found in winter wheat. Observations from trap plants in other crops supported the predictions of the models. Other factors that can affect biological control by cereal aphid parasitoids are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 33 (1984), S. 35-50 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): Evolution ; falsification ; Darwinism ; philosophy of science
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper we discuss the epistemological positions of evolution theories. A sharp distinction is made between the theory that species evolved from common ancestors along specified lines of descent (here called “the theory of common descent”), and the theories intended as causal explanations of evolution (e.g. Lamarck's and Darwin's theory). The theory of common descent permits a large number of predictions of new results that would be improbable without evolution. For instance, (a) phylogenetic trees have been validated now; (b) the observed order in fossils of new species discovered since Darwin's time could be predicted from the theory of common descent; (c) owing to the theory of common descent, the degrees of similarity and difference in newly discovered properties of more or less related species could be predicted. Such observations can be regarded as attempts to falsify the theory of common descent. We conclude that the theory of common descent is an easily-falsifiable & often-tested & still-not-falsified theory, which is the strongest predicate a theory in an empirical science can obtain. Theories intended as causal explanations of evolution can be falsified essentially, and Lamarck's theory has been falsified actually. Several elements of Darwin's theory have been modified or falsified: new versions of a theory of evolution by natural selection are now the leading scientific theories on evolution. We have argued that the theory of common descent and Darwinism are ordinary, falsifiable scientific theories.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta biotheoretica 35 (1986), S. 77-106 
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): Evolution ; nonequilibrium thermodynamics ; boundary conditions models ; initial conditions models
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Proponents of two axioms of biological evolutionary theory have attempted to find justification by reference to nonequilibrium thermodynamics. One states that biological systems and their evolutionary diversification are physically improbable states and transitions, resulting from a selective process; the other asserts that there is an historically constrained inherent directionality in evolutionary dynamics, independent of natural selection, which exerts a self-organizing influence. The first, the Axiom of Improbability, is shown to be nonhistorical and thus, for a theory of change through time, acausal. Its perception of the improbability of living states is at least partially an artifact of closed system thinking. The second, the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality, is supported evidentially and has an explicit historical component. Historically constrained dynamic populations are inherently nonequilibrium systems. It is argued that living, evolving systems, when considered to be historically constrained nonequilibrium systems, do not appear improbable at all. Thus, the two axioms are not compatible. Instead, the Axiom of Improbability is considered to result from an unjustified attempt to extend the contingent proximal actions of natural selection into the area of historical, causal explanations. It is thus denied axiomatic status, and the effects of natural selection are subsumed as an additional level of constraint in an evolutionary theory derived from the Axiom of Historically Determined Inherent Directionality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 231-236 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Glossina fuscipes fuscipes ; vegetation ; biconical trap ; temperature ; light ; relative humidity ; monitor lizard
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Glossina fuscipes fuscipes Newstead was sampled in isolated thickets and forest patches near Lake Victoria, Kenya using unbaited biconical traps, between March 1992 and June 1993. Traps set at 1 m from the forest edge caught 3.3 times as many males and 5 times as many females as those set inside or 10 m away. The corresponding figures at 1 m from the edge of thicket were about 1.43 and 1.64 times, respectively. Hourly catches of males and females were positively correlated with temperature, light intensity and host (monitor lizard) prevalence, and negatively correlated with relative humidity. Light intensity and temperature were the most important variables affecting the catches of each sex. The results are discussed in relation to control and monitoring of G. f. fuscipes using traps.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 13-24 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; cytoplasmic incompatibility ; Wolbachia ; temperature ; antibiotics ; density
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of high temperatures, antibiotics, nutrition and larval density on cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by a Wolbachia infection were investigated in Drosophila simulans. Exposure of larvae from an infected stock to moderate doses of tetracycline led to complete incompatibility when treated females were crossed to infected males; the same doses only caused a partial restoration of compatibility when treated males were crossed to uninfected females. In crosses with treated females, there was a strong correlation between dose effects on hatch rates and infection levels in embryos produced by these females. Ageing and rearing males at a high temperature led to increased compatibility. However, exposing infected females to a high temperature did not influence their compatibility with infected males. Male temperature effects depended on conditions experienced at the larval stage but not the pupal stage. Exposure to 25 °C reduced the density of Wolbachia in embryos compared with a 19 °C treatment. Low levels of nutrition led to increased compatibility, but no effect of larval crowding was detected. These findings show the ways environmental factors can influence the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility and suggest that environmental effects may be mediated by bacterial density.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 49-58 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): aphids ; Sitobion ; population ; chromosomal race ; mean relative growth rate ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Chromosomal races of the aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi), and a closely-related species S. near fragariae (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) show seasonal differences in abundance in eastern Australia. We tested whether this was related to differences in temperature response, using controlled laboratory conditions. Intrinsic rate of increase, rm, mean relative growth rate (MRGR), and longevity were compared at different temperatures, and rates of increase were compared outdoors under ambient conditions. Using laboratory data, we simulated population growth, for comparison with outdoor populations. There were significant differences in responses to temperature regimes both in the laboratory and outdoors. Outdoor populations fell well short of predicted sizes. S. miscanthi (2n=18) showed evidence of adaptation to warmer conditions. In contrast, S. nr fragariae showed consistent evidence for adaptation to cooler conditions, and S. miscanthi 2n=17 was approximately intermediate. These data indicate that temperature responses are important in the ecology, evolution and pest status of S. miscanthi clones and S. nr fragariae in Australia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 25-31 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): diapause induction ; photoperiod ; temperature ; Phyllonorycter blancardella ; spotted tentiform leafminer ; Lepidoptera ; Gracillariidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The role of photoperiod and temperature in the induction of overwintering diapause inPhyllonorycter blancardella (F.) (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) was examined in the laboratory and field using leafminers from commercial apple orchards in Ontario, Canada.P. blancardella exhibited a long-day response to photoperiod: long daylengths resulted in uninterrupted development whereas short daylengths induced diapause. The estimated critical photoperiod for diapause induction was L14.25∶D9.75. The larvae of leafminers destined to enter diapause took ca. 3× longer to complete development than the larvae of non-diapausing leafminers. The development prolonging effect of photoperiod decreased with decreasing daylength. Temperature modified the diapause inducing effect of photoperiod. At L14.25∶D9.75, diapause incidence was similar at 15 and 20°C but was lower at 25°C. Photoperiod also altered the normal relationship between development rate and temperature. At L14.25∶D9.75, the duration of larval development of diapausing leafminers was similar at 15, 20 and 25°C. Temperature alone is unlikely to have a role in the induction of diapause because leafminers exposed to natural late summer and fall temperature regimes and L16∶D8 did not enter diapause.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 125-133 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): growth rate ; consumption rate ; molt ; nutritional ecology ; rutin ; temperature ; thermocycles ; tobacco hornworm
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of different concentrations of rutin and constant temperature (20 °C) versus alternating temperatures (23∶15 °C) on growth, molting and food utilization efficiencies of third instar tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) were determined. Relative consumption rate (RCR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were significantly higher for larvae at the alternating thermal regime compared to those at the constant (representing the average) temperature. With increasing concentrations of rutin, the negative effect of rutin on RCR and RGR increased for the larvae in the alternating thermal regime; however, at the constant temperature, rutin had little effect. The alternating thermal regime promoted synchrony in the timing of spiracle apolysis (the earliest morphological marker of molt). Rutin disrupted that synchrony. I discuss how patterns of host plant resistance may be altered with a decrease, in amplitude of diurnal temperatures (as has been documented recently for temperate regions) through the uncoupling of herbivore performance and allelochemical concentration. I conclude that simultaneous consideration of fluctuating temperatures and allelochemicals is advisable when assessing the effects of temperature and allelochemicals on performance of insect herbivores because interactive effects between temperature and dietary components occur and perhaps are common.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 511-519 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): sweet potato whitefly ; temperature ; relative humidity ; migration and dispersal ; virus transmission ; Homoptera ; Aleyrodidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The ability of the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennad., to survive a range of environmental conditions was investigated in the laboratory. The range of temperature and humidity investigated corresponds to the normal climatic range during B. tabaci's summer migration in Israel. Adult whiteflies confined to small test cages were exposed to combinations of temperature (25, 30, 35, and 41 °C) and relative humidity (20, 50, 80, and 100%) for periods of 2, 4, or 6 h. A logistic regression model describing the four-dimensional surface defining percent survival as a function of time, temperature, and humidity was developed. Using stepwise regression to exclude non-significant terms, the linear predictor included temperature, and the products of temperature and time, and humidity and time. The model accounted for 75% of the variance. A reparameterization of the fitted regression model suggests that survival potential is conditioned by temperature conditions prevailing during the previous 10 h. Whitefly survival after 2 h exposure ranged from ≈ 90% survival at 20°C and 100% RH, to 〈2% survival at 41°C and 20% r.h.. No whiteflies survived more than 2 h exposure at these latter extremes of temperature and humidity. Survival rates decreased slightly after experimental whiteflies were kept in a cage with food a further 20 h at 25±2°C, 55±5% r.h. Investigations of the effects of hunger and virus infection, showed that both increased mortality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 73 (1994), S. 127-137 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Heteroptera ; Anthocoridae ; Orius insidiosus ; Orius tristicolor ; Orius majusculus ; Orius albidipennis ; diapause induction ; termination ; photoperiod ; temperature ; sensitive stages ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Photoperiodic induction of reproductive diapause at 18°C was investigated in fourOrius [Heteroptera: Anthocoridae] species.Orius insidiosus (Say) displayed a long-day response with a critical photoperiod between L11:D13 and L12:D12. Diapause in this species was terminated rapidly when the temperature and/or the daylength were increased.Orius majusculus (Reuter) also displayed a long-day response. The critical photoperiod fell between L14:D10 and L16:D8. Diapause in this species was not terminated within 14 days when both temperature and daylength were increased. InOrius albidipennis (Reuter) no diapause could be induced at photoperiods varying from L8:D16 to L16:D8. InOrius tristicolor (White) a high proportion of diapause was found at all photoperiods tested. The effect of temperature on photoperiodic induction of diapause was studied inO. insidiosus at L10:D14. Diapause occurred at 18°C, 21°C and 25°C, but not at 30°C. Again, diapause was terminated rapidly after transfer to 25°C/L16:D8. Exposing only the nymphal instars 1–5 to short daylength was not enough to induce diapause in the whole population ofO. majusculus. Orius predatory bugs are used as biocontrol agents against western flower thrips,Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) [Thysanoptera: Thripidael, in greenhouses. The consequences of photoperiodic induction of diapause for the success of early season releases ofOrius are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 83 (1997), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): within-plant heterogeneity ; tent caterpillars ; temperature ; circular statistics ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The caterpillars of Yponomeuta mahalebella Latr. (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) are monophagous on Prunus mahaleb (Rosaceae) leaves. Adult females deposit eggs in batches, which determines larval gregarious behaviour. Coupled with gregarious behaviour, caterpillars spin silk tents within they will feed until pupation. Distribution of tents in the field, their effect in microenvironmental larval growth conditions and the consequences for adult body mass and survival of larvae were studied. There was a significant trend for tents to be placed with a southward orientation. Within-plant tent orientation was related to the sun-shade pattern experienced, which was the main effect determining thermal differences between the inside and the outside of the tent. These differences appeared to affect larval growth and survival, with higher survival of larvae and heavier adults emerging from tents oriented to the south-east and east, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 121-131 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphis gossypii ; life history ; cucumber ; temperature ; partial resistance ; biological control ; Aphidius colemani
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Life table data forAphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae), an important pest in glasshouse cucumber crops, were studied at 20, 25 and 30°C on two cucumber cultivars (Cucumis sativus L.) in controlled climate cabinets. The development time on the cucumber cv. ‘Sporu’ ranged from 4.8 days at 20°C to 3.2 days at 30°C. Immature mortality was approximately 20% and did not differ between temperatures. Most mortality occurred during the first instar. Reproduction periods did not differ among temperatures, but at 25 and 30°C more nymphs were produced (65.9 and 69.8 nymphs/♀, respectively) than at 20°C (59,9 nymphs/♀) because of a higher daily reproduction. Intrinsic rate of increase was greatest at 25°C (r m =0.556 day−1). At 20 and 30°C the intrinsic rate of increase was 0.426 and 0.510, respectively. On cv. ‘Aramon’, the development time ofA. gossypii was approximately 20% longer at all temperatures. Immature mortality did not differ between the two cultivars. The intrinsic rate of increase on cv. ‘Aramon’ was 15% smaller than on cv. ‘Sporu’. The use of cucumber cultivars partially resistant to aphids is discussed in relation to biological control of cotton aphid in glasshouses. Development time and immature mortality on leaves of the middle and upper leaf layer of glasshouse grown cucumber plants (cv. ‘Aramon’) were comparable to development in the controlled climate cabinets. On the lower leaves immature mortality was much higher (approximately 82%) than on leaves of the middle (24.0%) and upper leaf layer (24.5%). Reproduction was less on the lower leaf layer (45.9, 70.5 and 70.1 nymphs/♀ on leaves of the lower, middle and upper leaf layer, respectively). Aphids, successfully parasitized byAphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) only reproduced when they were parasitized after the third instar. Fecundity was 0.1 to 0.9 and 10.5 to 13.3 nymphs/♀ for aphids parasitized in the fourth instar or as adults, respectively. Reproduction of aphids that were stung but survived the attack was lower than for aphids not stung. Average longevity of these aphids was equal to the longevity of aphids not stung byA. colemani.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 97-99 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diapause ; flight behavior
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fire technology 33 (1997), S. 195-213 
    ISSN: 1572-8099
    Schlagwort(e): point of fire origin ; fire ; temperature ; plaster ; concrete ; thermal ; damage ; biotite ; magnetization ; susceptibility ; N-rays ; P-rays ; X-rays
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Abstract Magnetic susceptibility (MS) measurements were taken to determine fire exposure patterns on noncombustible structural members and compartment boundaries. These measurements led on-site fire investigators to the cause of combustion and the point of fire origin. Thermal damage to walls and to ceilings was estimated quantitatively by measuring MS and two-valent Fe ion concentration in building materials such as concrete and plaster. It was shown that these effects are preconditioned by thermochemical transformations in the mineral biotite, which is present as a component of common building materials. For the first time, the effect of a substantial and irreversible increase in biotite magnetization exposed to powerful flows of N- and P-rays was found. It is hoped that the presence of this “magnetic trace” of radiation in building materials will allow investigators to use the magnetometric method at nuclear power plant catastrophes such as that in Chernobyl. It was also shown that the influence of N- and P-rays on biotite's magnetic properties greatly differs from the thermal influence on biotite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 149-155 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Megalurothrips sjostedti ; temperature ; photoperiod ; development ; pre-oviposition ; oviposition ; diapause
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Megalurothrips sjostedti is an economic pest of cowpea in tropical Africa. There are no reports of the effect of temperature on the development of the pest and no diapause has been detected. The developmental rate and reproduction of M. sjostedti was studied under six constant temperatures (14, 17, 20, 23, 26 and 29 °C ) and a photoperiod of L12:D12 in the laboratory. Total developmental time ranged from 33.1 days at 14 °C to 19.2 days at 26 °C. At 29 °C, all larvae died during hatching. Egg, larval and pupal stages required 94.3, 97.1 and 105.3 deg-days (DD) above a threshold of 8.2, 9.1 and 10.4 °C, respectively, to complete development. Total developmental cycle was completed at 163.9 DD above a threshold of 12.6 °C. Adult longevity was lowest (11.1 days) at 29 °C and highest (28.7 days) at 14 °C. At constant temperatures, the highest pre-oviposition period was observed at 29 °C under a photoperiod of L16:D8. Egg production also ceased at this temperature/photoperiod combination. Total fecundity was highest at 26 °C under L10:D14. At cyclical temperatures, pre-oviposition period was longest (12.4 days) at 20/29 °C under L16:D8. Total fecundity was highest (168.4 eggs) at 14/26 °C under L10:D14, and lowest (8.2 eggs) at 20/29 °C under L16:D8. The significance of these findings in the management of M. sjostedti is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 33
    ISSN: 1572-8358
    Schlagwort(e): Animal cognition ; Evolution ; Representation ; Computation ; Significance ; Phenomenology ; Autonomy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A distinction is made between two definitions of animal cognition: the one most frequently employed in cognitive sciences considers cognition as extracting and processing information; a more phenomenologically inspired model considers it as attributing to a form of the outside world a significance, linked to the state of the animal. The respective fields of validity of these two models are discussed along with the limitations they entail, and the questions they pose to evolutionary biologists are emphasized. This is followed by a presentation of a general overview of what might be the study of the evolution of knowledge in animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 31-36 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Eurydema rugosa ; adult diapause ; diet ; photoperiod ; temperature ; postdiapause development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract InEurydema rugosa Motschulsky (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), the type of food supplied (i.e. seeds or leaves of the brown mustard,Brassica juncea Hemsel) and photoperiod, which control the induction of adult diapause, do not play a role in the initiation of reproduction after overwintering. A temperature above 13.2°C was required to start reproduction. After its initiation, however, short-day conditions on seeds induced diapause again in some adults. Although a diet of seeds under long-day conditions, in common with short-day conditions, induced diapause in young adults (Numata & Yamamoto, 1990), it did not reinduce diapause in adults after overwintering. Thus,E. rugosa that had overwintered became sensitive to diapause-inducing photoperiod again but not to dietary factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 35
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Amblyseius cucumeris ; Frankliniella occidentalis ; rate of predation ; temperature ; vapor pressure deficit
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of temperature and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) on the rate of predation by the predatory mite, Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) on Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) was determined under controlled laboratory conditions. The survival of first instars of F. occidentalis was initially determined by themselves. Then the number of first instars that were killed by a single female adult of A. cucumeris was determined for the same density of thrips. The differences in the mortality between the two experiments were used to calculate the rate of predation by A. cucumeris under a range of temperature and VPD regimes. Rate of predation was expressed as the number of thrips killed per h to account for the different time periods that the trials lasted. A quadratic model was fitted to the data. At a constant temperature, the rate of predation decreased with increasing VPD for VPDs 〈-1.24 to 1.44 kPa. Above these VPDs, the rate of predation started to increase again. At a constant VPD, the rate of predation decreased slightly at the lower temperatures and increased at the higher temperatures. The rate of change was dependent upon the VPD. By using the quadratic model, the rate of predation can be predicted for the range of hygrothermal conditions that would be encountered in the greenhouse. The optimal condition for maximum rate of predation by A. cucumeris on first instars of F. occidentalis in the greenhouse is a VPD 〈- 0.75 kPa at the recommended production temperatures and VPDs (17 to 25°C and 〈- 1.5 kPa).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 68 (1993), S. 127-142 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): tobacco hornworm ; Manduca sexta ; nutritional ecology ; rutin ; temperature ; dietary self-selection
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The possibility of avoidance of and dietary self-selection relative to the flavonol rutin was examined for third instarManduca sexta for two thermal regimes and for larvae previously reared on plain or rutin diet. Temperature affected all of the performance indices examined, except efficiency of conversion of digested food. Significant interactive effects between temperature and diet occurred for relative consumption rate, relative growth rate and the food utilization efficiencies. For example, at the warm daytime temperature, relative growth rate prior to head capsule slippage was lower for caterpillars previously reared on rutin diet compared to those reared on plain diet. In contrast, at the cool daytime temperature, the relative growth rates were similar for caterpillars reared on plain diet and on 6 μmoles rutin diet. Consequently, in some treatments (5 of 12), caterpillars with a history of rutin in their diet had lower relative growth rates than those experiencing rutin for the first time. Despite rutin's impact on food utilization indices and negative effect on relative growth rate, the caterpillars did not avoid rutin nor was there evidence of regulation of the intake of rutin. The lack of metabolic feedback is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 89 (1998), S. 207-214 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Bombus terrestris ; bumblebees ; diapause ; survival ; preoviposition period ; weight ; temperature ; diapause duration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diapause survival and post-diapause performance (i.e., if a queen starts to lay eggs) of in total 2210 bumblebee queens (Bombus terrestris) were measured under different diapause regimes: 5 temperatures (−5, 0, 5, 10 and 15 °C) in combination with 5 durations of exposure (1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 months). The results show that weight at the start of diapause determines to a large extent whether a queen will be able to survive diapause. Queens with a wet weight below 0.6 g prior to diapause did not survive, but for those queens exceeding this threshold a higher pre- diapause weight did not increase their post-diapause performance. There was no effect of temperature on diapause survival; 76% of the variance in survival could be explained by the duration of the treatment. Neither temperature nor duration of exposure had an effect on post-diapause performance. The preoviposition period of the queens that laid eggs was also determined. The preoviposition period was affected by both temperature and duration of exposure: the preoviposition period decreased with decreasing temperature but also with increasing duration of the treatment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 58 (1991), S. 289-293 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Spider mites ; Tetranchus urticae ; damage ; feeding ; temperature ; photoperiod
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Wir untersuchten den Einfluss von Temperatur und Licht auf die Saugtätigkeit von Tetranychus urticae auf Bohnenpflanzen und fanden eine nicht-lineare Beziehung zwischen Temperatur und Saugaktivität. Die Saugintensität stieg bei Temperaturen über 10 °C an bis zum Saugmaximum bei 35 °C und sank dann relativ rasch ab. Permanentes Licht- oder Dunkelregime übte keinen Einfluss auf die Saugleistung aus. Aufgrund der beobachteten Zusammenhänge zwischen Temperatur, Saugintensität und Intensität der Ausbildung der Schadsymptome entwickelten wir ein verbessertes Mass (‘mite-load’) für die Erfassung des Spinnmilbenstresses auf die Wirtspflanze. Die präsentierten Daten zeigen, dass mit der ‘mite-load’ Funktion die Saugschäden von T. urticae präziser erfasst werden können als mit den bisher gebräuchlichen Milbendichten pro Blatt oder Milbentagen.
    Notizen: Abstract The influence of temperature and light regime on the feeding intensity of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae) was studied on bean plants. A nonlinear relationship was found between temperature and feeding activity of T. urticae. The feeding intensity increased from 10 °C to 35 °C. At 10 °C there was practically no feeding, whereas at 35 °C maximum feeding occurred. above 35 °C the activity of the mites decreased. No difference could be found in the feeding intensity of mites kept at permanent darkness or permanent light. Based on the observed relationship between temperature and feeding activity and intensity of damage symptoms, respectively, we propose the use of a mite-load function to define the mite stress imposed on the plant.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 65 (1992), S. 205-214 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Bird cherry-oat aphid ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; alate development ; crowding ; photoperiod ; plant quality ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Experiments indicated that for offspring of apterousRhopalosiphum padi (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), photoperiod and crowding were the most important determinants of wing development whereas crowding and plant quality were more significant for the next generation. Plant quality became increasingly important as temperature increased while crowding became less so. More alates developed on plants previously infested with aphids, indicating that aphid feeding reduced plant quality. High temperature suppressed alatoid production, but could be overcome by crowding. Temperature appeared to influence wing development indirectly rather than directly by acting on the aphid through the plant. Adult weight and potential fecundity were also reduced for aphids which fed on previously infested plants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 66 (1993), S. 127-134 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Ooencyrtus nezarae ; parasitoid ; adult diapause ; rate of oviposition ; photoperiod ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Ooencyrtus nezarae Ishii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was reared on eggs ofRiptortus clavatus (Thunberg) (Heteroptera: Alydidae) at various temperatures under long-day (L16:D8) or short-day (L10:D14) conditions. There was no diapause during egg, larval or pupal stages under any set of conditions examined. However, at 15°C under short-day conditions, vitellogenesis was arrested in all adult females and they entered diapause. At 15°C under long-day conditions, or at 20°C under short-day conditions, some adult females entered diapause. Under the latter set of conditions, the adult females laid eggs but they laid fewer eggs than under long-day conditions, Even at 25°C, under short-day conditions, adult females laid fewer eggs than under long-day conditions, and this low rate of oviposition was attributed to the retarded development of ovaries. Diapause adults reared at 15°C were more resistant to low temperature than nondiapause adults reared at 25°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 78 (1996), S. 201-213 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): cowpea ; Vigna unguiculata ; pod sucking bugs ; age-specific life tables ; temperature ; insect development ; cohort statistics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Age-specific life tables of two important pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., the pod sucking bugs Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stål and C. shadabi Dolling (Heteroptera: Coreidae), were obtained from observations carried out at different temperatures. A biophysical model was found satisfactory to describe the temperature-response of developmental and mortality rates of egg and nymphal stages, with a peak developmental rate around 34°C in both species. The variability in development times was small and the experimental data did not permit any conclusion with regard to the Erlang probability density function. Survival of eggs and nymphs remained high between 20° and 30°C for both species. At temperatures above 34°C, C. tomentosicollis survivorship and fecundity was higher than that of C. shadabi, which in turn laid more eggs at temperatures between 20° and 30°C. Maximum fecundity is estimated to be at 29°C for C. tomentosicollis (99 eggs/female) and 26°C for C. shadabi (261 eggs/female). At 30°C, the intrinsic rate of increase reached a maximum in both species, 0.152 per day for C. tomentosicollis and 0.145 per day for C. shadabi, and remained high for C. tomentosicollis until 36°C. C. tomentosicollis performed significantly better on pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan Millsp., than on cowpea at higher temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 53 (1989), S. 287-296 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): European corn borer ; Ostrinia nubilalis ; maize ; water ; drought ; stress ; development ; models ; phytotron ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des plants de maïs se développent dans un phytotron dans 4 conditions d'humidité du sol (de la saturation à la dessication) et à 3 températures constantes (20°, 25° & 30°C). Chaque pied est contaminé au moment de l'émission du pollen, par une ooplaque d'O. nubilalis Hübn. (ECB) de race européenne E. L'installation, la colonisation et le développement des chenilles sont notés lors de 12 périodes de prélèvements destructifs (4 par température). La vitesse de développement d'O. nubilalis est affectée par la température, main non par l'humidité du sol. Les 4 niveaux d'humidité du sol n'ont aucun effet sur la teneur en eau des tiges de maïs. En fait, les feuilles de maïs présentent une senescence précoce lorsqu'il y a déficit en eau dans le sol. La teneur en eau du sol agit sur l'installation, sur la distribution verticale, la dispersion et le lieu d'alimentation des chenilles; mais ces effets sont légers et ne modifient pas la vitesse de développement. L'environnement larvaire dans la tige de maïs est efficacement isolé des variations externes par l'aptitude de la plante à maintenir la teneur en eau des tiges relativement élevée et stable. Ainsi, des changements importants au niveau du sol n'ont pratiquement pas d'effets sur le développement d'O. nubilalis, malgré les conséquences brutales pour la plante. Cette étude montre que la vitesse de développement d'O. nubilalis est relativement insensible aux modifications de la teneur en eau du sol ainsi qu'aux effets de ce stress de sécheresse sévère sur le pied de maïs. La discussion porte sur l'importance de ces résultats pour la modélisation de la dynamique de l'insecte, la physiologie de la culture et les interactions entre insecte et plante.
    Notizen: Abstract Maize plants were grown under four moisture regimes (wet to extreme deficit) and three constant temperatures (20°, 25° & 30°C) in a phytotron. Each plant was infested with one E-race European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubn.)] (ECB) egg mass at pollen shed. ECB development, location, and establishment were recorded over the course of 12 destructive sample dates (4/temperature). ECB developmental rates were not significantly affected by soil moisture treatments, but were significantly affected by temperature. In spite of successful establishment of four distinctly different soil moisture regimes, the maize stalk tissue water levels were not significantly different among soil water treatments. Instead, the maize plants exhibited accelerated leaf senescence in response to the water deficit conditions. Among the soil water treatments, differences were found in larval establishment, vertical distribution and dispersion, and feeding site selection; however, those effects were slight and could not explain the similarity in ECB developmental rates observed in these treatments. In maize, the larval environment within the stalk was effectively insulated from changes in the external environment by the plant's ability to maintain a relatively high and stable stalk tissue water content. Thus, large changes to the soil environment had essentially no effect on ECB development, though drastic consequences for the plant. This study indicates that ECB rates of development are relatively insensitive to changes in the soil water environment as well as the associated changes in the maize plant that accompany severe drought stress. The significance of these findings to insect modelling, crop physiology, and insect-crop interactions is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 70 (1994), S. 27-39 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): almond seed wasp ; Eurytoma amygdali ; diapause termination ; insect dormancy ; temperature ; prolonged diapause ; photoperiod ; Hymenoptera
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diapausing larvae ofEurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera, Eurytomidae) were collected in early August and late September. They were subjected to various photoperiod and temperature regimens for up to 20 weeks, then kept at L16:D8 and 19°C for another 14 to 26 weeks for diapause to be terminated and pupation to take place. Photoperiod did not affect diapause completion. It was confirmed that the two morphologically distinct diapause stages have different temperature requirements for their completion. The first diapause stage was completed synchronously at temperatures between 16 and 19°C. A higher temperature of 26°C delayed diapause development. The second stage required lower temperatures between 4 and 10°C. Spontaneous termination of dipause was observed at constant 19°C. When applied to the first diapause stage for 20 weeks, low temperatures made the larvae refractory to subsequent intermediate temperatures. The first stage was thus maintained until a higher temperature of 26°C made the larvae regain their ability to respond to the intermediate temperatures and complete this stage. Larvae grown in Retsou almonds had a higher diapause intensity than larvae grown in Truoito almonds. The results suggest that, in nature, the high temperatures of late summer and early autumn are likely to maintain the first diapause stage. Subsequently, the less warm temperatures of autumn allow the completion of the first stage by late autumn, and the low temperatures of late autumn and of winter allow the completion of the second diapause stage by mid winter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 44
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Beauveria bassiana ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; larval infection ; adult survivor ; fecundity ; egg hatchability ; inoculum dosage ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les effets secondaires de l'hyphomycète entomopathogène, Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. sur la fécondité et la fertilité des insectes survivant à l'infection fongique ont été étudiés chez les adultes du doryphore Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) issus de larves contaminées en début de 4ème stade. Les insectes maintenus à 22°C ont présenté une réduction de leur potentiel reproductif. Ainsi, suivant la dose d'inoculum fongique, le nombre total d'oeufs pondus par femelle et le nombre moyen d'oeufs par opplaque ont baissé de 20% à 56% et de 18% à 46%, respectivement. En revanche, à 25°C la fécondité des adultes survivants n'a pas été affectée par la maladie. Cette variabilité en fonction des conditions thermiques peut être liée à la diminution de l'effet-dose du champignon sur les larves à 25°C par rapport à 22°C. Par ailleurs, quelles que soient les conditions thermiques (22°C ou 25°C) on ne constate aucun changement significatif de la fertilité des oeufs pondus par les femelles survivantes. Les auteurs concluent que les effets secondaires de B. bassiana sur la fécondité du doryphore dépendent des conditions thermiques et qu'ils pourraient devenir négligeables à des températures élevées en plein champ.
    Notizen: Abstract Secondary effects of the entomopathogenic hyphomycete Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. were investigated on adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) treated as newly moulted 4th-instar larvae. Fecundity and egg hatching were monitored in surviving females mated with surviving males. When reared at 22°C, adult survivors showed a lessening of their reproductive potential during their whole life. According to the fungal inoculum dosage, the reductions of the total number of eggs laid per female and the mean number of eggs per egg mass ranged from 20% to 56% and from 18% to 46%, respectively. In contrast, at 25°C, the fecundity of survivors was not affected by the fungal infection. This variability of the secondary effects of B. bassiana according to temperature conditions might be related to the lower infection level of treated larvae at 25°C. Moreover, at both temperatures, eggs laid by females surviving fungal infection as larvae were as fertile as eggs laid by control insects. It is concluded that secondary effects of B. bassiana on the fecundity of the Colorado Potato Beetle are temperature-dependent and that they could become negligible at high temperatures under field conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 72 (1994), S. 135-143 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): potassium ; rutin ; temperature ; food utilization efficiencies ; molt ; nutritional ecology ; Manduca sexta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract the simultaneous effects on an insect herbivore (third instar tobacco hornwormManduca sexta (L.): Sphingidae) of temperature (daytime temperatures of 20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C), a mineral that may play a role in plant defense (potassium) and a common allelochemical (rutin) were examined in a factorial experiment. To manipulate potassium levels, a modified diet with limited plant material was used as the base and KCl and rutin added. Temperature affected efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD), time to head-capsule slippage, stadium duration, relative consumption rate (RCR) and relative growth rate (RGR) but not food consumed, biomass gained and approximate digestibility (AD). Potassium concentration influenced all of the variables except AD, time to head-capsule slippage (HCS), duration of the stadium and percent of stadium time to HCS. Rutin impacted negatively on all of the variables except food consumed. Compared to larvae on the non-rutin diets, fewer larvae fed rutin survived through molt initiation to ecdysis and fewer successfully completed ecdysis. Temperature and rutin had interactive effects for AD, ECD, RCR, RGR, time to HCS, and percent of stadium required to reach HCS. Rutin and potassium had interactive effects for biomass gained, RCR, ECI, time to HCS, duration of stadium, and percent of stadium required to reach HCS. Comparison of larval responses on an average potassium concentration (3.1%) versus high concentration (6.1%) showed that at the low daytime temperature increasing potassium concentration depressed biomass gained, but at the warmer temperatures potassium concentration had little effect unless rutin was present. In addition, potassium concentration had little impact on ECI unless rutin was present. These results indicate that significant interactive effects occur among temperature, potassium and rutin, and thus suggest that such interactive effects on larval performance may be common under field conditions, which are characterized by varying temperature and different concentrations of minerals and allelochemicals in hostplants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Aphis gossypii ; development ; survival ; fecundity ; intrinsic rate of increase ; life table ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Life table parameters of Aphis gossypii Glover (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Gossypium hirsutum L. were determined at six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ± 0.5 °C) in the laboratory. Relationships of life table parameters with temperature were described with mathematical equations. Development was fastest at 30 °C, with a pre-larviposition period of 4.6 d. Survival to adult was greatest at 25 °C (81%). Fecundity was highest at 25 °C, with a total fecundity of 28.3 nymphs per female and a mean reproductive rate of 3.1 nymphs per female per day. Threshold temperatures for development in the first through fourth instar and the adult were 8.2, 8.0, 7.2, 6.2 and 7.9 °C, respectively. The durations of these stages, expressed as temperature sums above these thresholds, were 24.2, 23.7, 23.0, 25.5 and 168.8 degree-days (D°), respectively. A. gossypii achieved its maximum net reproductive number (24.4 nymphs per female) and greatest intrinsic rate of increase (0.386 d−1) at 25 °C. The high relative rate of population increase at 25 °C results in a daily population increase of 47% and a doubling time of only 1.8 d, illustrating the tremendous growth capacity of A. gossypii populations under favourable conditions. Compared to literature sources, our source of A. gossypii, fed on cotton, showed a comparatively great heat tolerance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 159-166 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Diaeretiella rapae ; reproduction ; life-tables ; temperature ; Diuraphis noxia ; biological control
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Diaeretiella rapae (M'Intosh), a polyphagous and cosmopolitan parasite of aphids, was imported from China to the USA for biological control of Diuraphis noxia (Mordwilko), a pest of small grains. We studied several aspects of its biology on D. noxia hosts in the laboratory at 3 constant temperatures, 10.0, 21.1, and 26.7 °C. Females lived significantly longer than males at all 3 temperatures, and longevity was greatest at 10 °C, followed by 21.1 and 26.7 °C. Fecundity (= number of mummies) did not differ significantly among the 3 temperatures studied. The ovarian egg-load was 129.1 ± 9.3, and was significantly affected by the size of adult females. A pre-oviposition period ± 0.26 days) was detected at 10 °C, but not at the other temperatures. Pre-imaginal survivorship was similar among temperatures, while R o and T c decreased with temperature, and r m increased with temperature. The offspring sex ratio (proportion females) was lowest at 26.7 °C, and similar between 10.0 and 21.1 °C. In addition, the offspring sex ratio significantly declined with the age of the female parent. The suitability of D. rapae for colonization against D. noxia in North America is discussed in relation to its responses to temperature and the climate of its home range.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 319-333 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): chlorogenic acid ; light availability ; Lycopersicon esculentum ; Manduca sexta ; protein ; rutin ; temperature ; tomatine
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract We examined how light availability influenced the defensive chemistry of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum: Solanaceae). Tomato plants were grown either in full sunlight or under shade cloth rated at 73%. Leaves from plants grown in full sunlight were tougher, had higher concentrations of allelochemicals (chlorogenic acid, rutin and tomatine), and had less protein than leaves from plants grown in shade. We determined how these differences in host plant quality due to light availability affected the behavior and growth of a Solanaceae specialist, Manduca sexta. Both in the greenhouse and in the field, caterpillars on shade-grown plants grew heavier in a shorter amount of time than those on plants that had previously been grown in full sunlight. In contrast, the effects of previous light availability to plants on caterpillar behavior appeared to be minor. To further investigate how light availability to plants influenced herbivore growth, we examined the effects of leaf-powder diets made from tomato leaves of different ages (new, intermediate, or mature) grown in full sunlight or shade on caterpillar performance. Caterpillars fed diets made from plants grown in shade consumed less but grew faster than larvae fed diets made from tomato plants grown in full sunlight. Caterpillars fed diets made from new leaves grew larger in less time than caterpillars fed diets made from intermediate aged leaves. Caterpillars did not survive on the mature leaf powder diets. There were plant-light treatment by larval thermal regime interactions. For example, at 26:15 °C , plant-light treatment had no effect on stadium duration, but at 21:10 °C, stadium duration was prolonged with the full sunlight-new leaf diet compared with the shaded-new leaf diet. In a second diet experiment, we examined the interactive effects of protein and some tomato allelochemicals (rutin, chlorogenic acid and tomatine) on the performance of caterpillars. There were food quality by thermal regime interactions. For instance, at 26:15 °C , neither protein nor allelochemical concentration influenced stadium duration, whereas at 21:10 °C, stadium duration was prolonged with the low protein-high allelochemical diet, which simulated full sunlight leaves. In sum, light availability to plants affected defensive chemistry and protein concentration. The difference in food quality was great enough to influence the growth of a specialist insect herbivore, but the effects were temperature-dependent.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 75 (1995), S. 127-134 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): bruchid ; diapause ; photoperiod ; temperature ; multivoltinism
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A wild bean weevil,Kytorhinus sharpianus Bridwell (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), has a multivoltine life cycle and enters a hibernal larval diapause at the fourth instar under a short daylength (Shimada & Ishihara, 1991). Here, we investigated their diapause incidence under different photoperiods at 24°C and 27°C. The critical photoperiods for diapause induction were 14.5 h at 24°C and 14 h at 27°C. The stages susceptible to diapause-inducing stimuli were estimated by transferring larvae of various instars from long days to short days and vice versa. Then we investigated the incidence of larval diapause. The sensitive stage was estimated to be from the third to early fourth instar. Though larval diapause, which was induced under a short daylength, was terminated only by increasing the daylength, the termination was more synchronized by an exposure to a low temperature followed by increasing temperature, irrespective of photoperiod.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 255-265 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Delia radicum ; postdiapause development ; temperature ; Diptera ; Anthomyiidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Canadian populations of D. radicum differ in their response to temperature during postdiapause development. Populations that are primarily of the early-emerging type ( $$\left( { \leqslant 256DD_{04} } \right)$$ ) (St-Jean, Quebec; London, Ontario) have high values for the parameters describing this response: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamOuamaaBa% aaleaacaWGTbaabeaakiabg2da9aaa!38F2!$$R_m = $$ 12.7–13.3; $$T_m = $$ 28.0–31.8 °C ; Tσ = 10.3–14.2 ( $$R_m $$ , the maximum developmental rate at the temperature, $$T_m $$ [ °C ] where the developmental rate is highest, and Tσ , the parameter which gives the shape of the truncated normal curve fitted to the data), a low degree-day requirement for emergence (160–232 $$DD_{04} $$ ), and may lack a developmental delay at temperatures above ca. 21 °C . Populations of the late-emerging type (Kildare, Prince Edward Island) have low parameter values ( $$ R_m = 2.5$$ , $$T_m = 19.3$$ °C ; Tσ = 6.4), high degree-day requirements (530 $$DD_{04} $$ ), and a developmental delay at high temperatures. The parameters for the early-emergers in the population from Winnipeg, Manitoba (74% early) were intermediate ( $$R_m = 9.1$$ , $$T_m = 27.1$$ °C , Tσ = 10.7, $$ DD_{04} = 246 $$ ), but resembled the early rather than the late type. This population varied from 31 to 90% early type over a 10-year period and the rate of postdiapause development at 20 °C was directly related to the percentage early. In the year with the most rapid development (90% early), development was significantly slower than in the populations from other locations with predominantly early populations, and the year with the slowest development (31% early) showed significantly faster development than that from Kildare, Prince Edward Island (100% late). Therefore the parameters for early and late types of development will not be accurate for use in mixed populations, and the parameters in mixed populations will change among years. Populations of D. radicum in North America and Europe (67 locations by years) varied from 0–100% early. At Winnipeg, the percentage early was directly related to the annual temperature accumulation ( $$DD_{05} $$ ) during the growing season. The calculation of developmental parameters for the early-emergers of mixed populations provides a more accurate basis for estimating the times of first emergence and the first peak of emergence than parameters based on the whole population. Since postdiapause developmental rates vary both among and annually within locations, developmental models should be designed to include such variations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diel cycle ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Individual pairs of overwintered adult apple blossom weevils, Anthonomus pomorum (L.), confined with apple twigs under different ambient temperatures in the laboratory and on apple trees in the field, were observed through day and night for their spring activities. Flight behavior in relation to ambient temperature was also investigated under laboratory conditions using flight stands. Both sexes displayed predominantly nocturnal behavior patterns in both the laboratory and the field. Feeding, crawling, and mating activities increased following sunset in the field or onset of scotophase in the laboratory while resting occurred most frequently during daylight hours. Results of the laboratory experiments showed that temperature affected significantly the activity patterns. The diel pattern of activities became less distinctive at higher temperatures (above 15°C), and total activities in crawling, feeding, and mating were suppressed significantly at lower temperatures (below 5°C). Over 97% of the test weevils initiated take-off response from flight stands at 20°C within the 30 min trial period; however, flight initiation rarely occurred at temperatures 12°C or below. Overall, results of the laboratory and field experiments indicate that A. pomorum is a remarkably cold-adapted insect with ability to crawl, feed, and mate at a few degrees above freezing, a physiological attribute necessary for the exploitation of early stages of apple bud development in the cold early spring.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 52
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): seasonal trapping ; light traps ; pheromone traps ; trapping periodicity ; temperature ; reproductive state ; eastern hemlock looper
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The seasonal flight activity of both sexes of the eastern hemlock looper, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria Guenée (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) was studied during two consecutive years in Quebec and Newfoundland, using light (L), pheromone (P) and combined light and pheromone (LP) traps. Moth density significantly affected the performance of the different traps, with P traps being more effective at low than high density. However, P trap catches decreased just prior to the onset of female captures, probably as a result of competition between traps and virgin calling females. Nearly all females caught in L and LP traps were already mated and even the first females caught had laid at least half of their egg complement. In Quebec under warm nights, the pattern of male activity occurred at different times, with peak P catches being later in the scotophase than those of L traps, but overall similar numbers of males were caught in both traps. In contrast, under cool nights, males were caught early in the night in both P and L traps, suggesting a strong competition effect between traps, although more males were caught in P than L traps overall. In Newfoundland, the pattern of male captures in L and P traps was similar at both high and low temperatures, so competition between trap types would always be high. Under these conditions P traps were more effective than L traps. Irrespective of the region, year or temperature, significantly more males were captured in LP, with the effect of L and P being additive. In both regions, females responded similarly to L and LP traps with peak activity occurring early in the night. Captures of females were lower than those of males under cool temperatures, suggesting that the temperature threshold for flight is higher for females. The use of L and P traps simultaneously and/or in combination is discussed in relation to integrated pest management programs and ecological considerations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 461-468 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Trichogramma minutum ; Choristoneura fumiferana ; Ephestia kuehniella ; biological control ; inundative release ; weather ; host acceptance ; realized fecundity ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of weather conditions and two parasitoid quality attributes, realized fecundity and host acceptance, were assessed on the field efficacy of mass-released Trichogramma minutum. Temperature was the most important single variable, explaining up to 75% of the variation in field parasitism. There were significant positive relationships between both the sum of the maximum temperatures and the number of degree-hours above a 15 °C threshold, accumulated in the three days following the release, and parasitism in the field. There was a significant negative relationship between the mean relative humidity and the odds of parasitism in the field. Quality parameters based on parasitoid biology were not effective for predicting field efficacy if poor weather conditions persisted after a release. If weather conditions were ‘good’ (i.e. accumulated maximum temperatures above 62 °C, in the 3 days following the release), then parameters such as release rate and fecundity in the lab were useful predictors of field performance. There was no relationship between host acceptance measured in the lab and field parasitism. Given the importance of field temperatures for field performance, selection for cold tolerance of T. minutum would be desirable.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 297-302 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): smaller fruit tortrix ; Grapholita lobarzewskii ; phenology ; post-diapause development ; temperature ; thermal threshold ; thermal constant ; forecasting ; modelling
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The smaller fruit tortrix, Grapholita lobarzewskii Nowicki, has become a major pest in the recent past in apple orchards north of the Alps. Nevertheless little is known about the biology and the behaviour of this species. The effect of temperature on post-diapause development and survival was studied under controlled conditions in order to establish a basis for the forecasting of adult emergence. Survival was found to be highest at 17 °C and lowest at 11.8 °C. The sex ratio did not differ significantly from 1:1. Based on a linear relationship between temperature and developmental rates, thermal thresholds of 9.6 °C and 9.8 °C were determined for females and males respectively. The thermal constants, i.e., the mean developmental times in physiological time units, were found to be 342 day-degrees for females and 317 day-degrees for males, suggesting a slight protandry. Based on the mean and the variance of the developmental times, a simple temperature-driven phenology model was built using a time-varying distributed delay. The model was validated by visually comparing the predictions with independent observations on adult emergence, and by calculating the temporal deviations of the predictions. In 4 out of 5 years the mean error was less than 3 days. The model was therefore found to give reliable forecasts of the emergence of G. lobarzewskii and can be used to determine the optimal time for the exposure of pheromone traps, the application of pheromone dispensers for mating disruption, and for the timing of insecticide applications.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 204-212 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Laspeyresia pomonella (L.) ; Tortricidae ; diapause ; photoperiod ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Es wurde untersucht, welche abiotischen Faktoren die Beendigung der fakultativen Diapause ausgewachsener Apfelwicklerlarven (Laspeyresia pomonella) steuern. Die Beendigung der Diapause unter Langtagbedingungen (LT) wird beeinflusst durch: 1. die Zuchttemperatur der Larven während der Prädiapauseentwicklung; 2. die Dauer der Präinkubation, d.h. die Zeit, während der diapausierende Larven unter Prädiapause-Zuchtbedingungen bleiben; 3. die Reaktivierungs-inkubation, d.h. eine Periode von 70 d, während der die Larven auf 4° gekühlt werden und 4. die Komplementärinkubation (LT und, ausser in einem Experiment, 26°), d.h. die nach der Kühlung bzw. dem Wechsel in der Photoperiode benötigte Zeitdauer bis zur Verpuppung. Die Komplementärinkubation ist deutlich kürzer, wenn die Prädiapauseentwicklung der Larven bei Temperaturen unter 26° stattfindet. Bei 19° verpuppten sich 100% der Larven, wobei der Zeitpunkt der Verpuppung durch die Verlängerung der Präinkubationszeit beschleunigt wurde. Bei Larven, die bei 26° gezüchtet wurden, erreichte die Verpuppungsrate lediglich 56% bei einer relativ langen Präinkubationsdauer, wobei deren Verlängerung auch die Larvenmortalität erhöhte. Nach einer Zuchttemperatur von 19° und einer Präinkubationsdauer von 90 Tagen konnte die Diapause unter Kurztagbedingungen beendet werden, wenn die Temperatur auf 26° erhöht wurde.
    Notizen: Abstract The abiotic factors regulating the termination of the facultative diapause of the mature larva of the codling moth, Laspeyresia pomonella (L.), are described. The termination of diapause under long-day conditions (LD) is influenced by: (i) the rearing temperature of the larvae during prediapause development, (ii) the duration of the preincubation period, i.e. the time for which the diapausing larvae remain under prediapause rearing conditions, (iii) the reactivating incubation, i.e. the period for which the larvae are chilled, and (iv) the complementary incubation (LD and, except in one experiment, 26°), i.e. the period after the chilling needed for the pupation of the insects. The complementary incubation is distinctly shorter if the prediapause development of the larvae takes place at rearing temperatures below 26°, i.e. 21° or 19°. The latter conditions led to 100% pupae and pupation could be accelerated by prolonging the preincubation period. In larvae reared at 26°, the prolongation of the preincubation period raised the rate of pupation to a maximum of only 56% and also caused higher mortality. On the other hand, diapause was terminated under short-day conditions if the temperature was raised to 26° after a rearing temperature of 19° and a preincubation period of 90 days.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 101-108 
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Polylactic acid ; temperature ; respirometers ; soil degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract A respirometric system was used to analyze the biodegradation of high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions. The respirometric system consisted of air-conditioning pretraps, a soil reactor, and a carbon dioxide (CO2) posttrap. A 200-g homogeneous soil mixture of all-purpose potting soil : manure soil : sand [1 : 1 : 1 (w/w)] and 1.5 g of PLA plastic films in 1 × 1-cm2 squares was added to each bottle. The respirometers were placed in a 28, 40, or 55°C water bath for 182 days. Treatments (three replicates) included native corn starch (positive control), polyethylene (Glad Cling Wrap; negative control), and three PLA films: Ca-I (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, monolayer), GII (Cargill Dow Polymers LLC, Generation II), and Ch-I (Chronopol; monolayer). The degree of polymer mineralization was indicated by the cumulative CO2 liberated from each respirometer. The initial average mineralization rate and total percentage mineralized of the PLA plastic films at 28, 40, and 55°C was 24.3, 41.5, and 76.9 mg/day with a 27, 45, and 70% carbon loss, respectively. No decrease in soil pH was observed after 182 days of mineralization. Hence, increase in soil temperature drastically enhanced the biodegradation of PLA plastic films in soil under laboratory conditions (P 〈 0.0001).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 19 (1990), S. 1137-1151 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Ethylbenzene ; excess entalphy ; excess volume ; experimental ; heat capacity ; isobaric expansibility ; isentropic and isothermal compressibility ; liquid mixtures ; mixing function ; n-alkanes ; n-hexadecane ; n-tetradecane ; pressure ; temperature ; theory
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Isobaric expansibilities α P and isothermal compressibilities κ T have been determined at 25 and 45°C for binary mixtures of ethylbenzene + n-tetradecane and + n-hexadecane and the corresponding excess functions (∂V E /∂T)P and (∂V E /∂P)T have also been obtained. With these data and supplementary literature values, the following second order mixing properties are also reported at 25°C: κ S E , (∂V E /∂P)T, ΔCV and Δ(ΔγVT). All mixing quantities have been compared with the results obtained at 25°C by using the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory of liquid mixtures. The predicted values suggest that the ability of ethylbenzene as a breaker of the pure n-Cn orientations is similar to what we found for toluene and higher than for p-xylene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 23 (1994), S. 997-1018 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Conductivity ; aqueous ; sodium chloride ; pressure ; ion association ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrical conductance measurements of dilute (〈0.1 mol-kg−1) aqueous NaCl solutions were made primarily to quantify the degree of ion association which increases with increasing temperature and decreasing solvent density. These measurements were carried out at temperatures from 100 to 600°C and pressures up to 300 MPa with a modified version of the apparatus used previously in the high temperature study in this laboratory. Particular emphasis was placed on conditions close to the critical temperaturelpressure region of water, i.e., at 5° intervals from 370 to 400°C. The results verify previous findings that the limiting equivalent conductance Ao of NaCl increases linearly with decreasing density from 0.75 to 0.3 g-cm−1 and also with increasing temperature from 100 to 350°C. Above 350°C. Ao is virtually temperature independent. The logarithm of the molal association constant as calculated exclusively from the data≥400°C is represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and the logarithm of the density of water (g-cm−3) as follows: $$log K_m = 0.997 - 650.07/T - (10.420 - 2600.5/T)log\rho _w $$ Note that this function also provides a good representation of the log Km values obtained from 350 to 395°C at densities greater than ca. 0.6 g-cm−3. More precise conductance data now available in the literature suggest a systematic error of unknown origin may exist in the data obtained at lower densities in this region. The relevant thermodynamics quantities derived from differentiation of this equation with respect to temperature and pressure are listed in the text.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 27 (1997), S. 1328-1332 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): metal hydride ; capacity ; temperature ; performance ; enthalpy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of temperature on the performance of a LaNi4.76Sn0.24 metal hydride electrode was investigated in the temperature range of 0 to 50°C. The electrode showed a maximum discharge capacity at 25°C. The total resistance increases with a decrease of temperature from 50°C to 0°C. The apparent activation enthalpies at different states of charge were determined by evaluating the polarization resistance at different temperatures. It was found that the apparent activation enthalpy is an indicator of the relative reaction rate of the charge-transfer reaction and hydrogen absorption.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of polymers and the environment 7 (1999), S. 83-92 
    ISSN: 1572-8900
    Schlagwort(e): Polylactic acid ; temperature ; relative humidity ; degradation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Energietechnik , Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Abstract Three high molecular weight (120,000 to 200,000 g mol−1) polylactic acid (PLA) plastic films from Chronopol (Ch-I) and Cargill Dow Polymers (GII and Ca-I) were analyzed for their degradation under various temperature and relative humidity (RH) conditions. Two sets of plastic films, each containing 11 samples, were randomly hung in a temperature/humidity-controlled chamber by means of plastic-coated paper clips. The tested conditions were 28, 40, and 55°C at 50 and 100% RH, respectively, and 55°C at 10% RH. The three tested PLA films started to lose their tensile properties when their weight-average molecular weight (M w) was in the range of 50,000 to 75,000 g mol−1. The average degradation rate of Ch-I, GII, and Ca-I was 28,931, 27,361, and 63,025 M w/week, respectively. Hence, GII had a faster degradation rate than Ch-I and Ca-I under all tested conditions. The degradation rate of PLA plastics was enhanced by the increase in temperature and relative humidity. This trend was observed in all three PLA plastics (Ca-I, GII, and Ch-I). Of the three tested films, Ch-I was the first to lose its mechanical properties, whereas Ca-I demonstrated the slowest loss, with mechanical properties under all tested conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 2 (1989), S. 849-852 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Schlagwort(e): alternative mating tactics ; temperature ; Stictia heros ; Sphecidae ; Costa Rica
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 81-85 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): cupric oxide ; powder ; current density ; temperature ; sodium sulfate
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Abstract Electrosynthesis of cupric oxide powder was carried out on a laboratory scale in an electrochemical cell under various experimental conditions. The electrolysis was appraised in terms of the particle size of the cupric oxide product and the anodic dissolution of the copper electrode. Using a previously determined pH value of 7.50, the other optimum electrolysis operating conditions established were a current density of 4000Am−2, temperature of 353K, and Na2SO4 concentration of 0.5m. The optimum values of current efficiency, cell voltage and specific energy consumption for the electrochemical synthesis of cupric oxide powder were determined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 525-528 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Schlagwort(e): brine ; chlor-alkali cells ; solubility ; sulfate ions ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 15 (1986), S. 749-764 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Apparent molar enthalpy ; heat capacity ; volume ; compressibility ; expansitivity ; Debye-Hückel limiting law ; dielectric constant ; PVT properties ; pressure ; temperature ; thermodynamic properties ; water
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Using internationally recognized critical evaluations for the dielectric constant of water by Uematsu and Franck and the thermodynamic surface of water by Haar, Gallagher, and Kell, the Bureau of Mines presents values for the Pitzer-Debye-Hückel limiting slopes for osmotic coefficients, apparent molal enthalpies, apparent molal heat capacities, apparent molal volumes, molal compressibilities, and apparent molal expansivities from 0 to 350°C and from saturation to 1 kbar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 20 (1991), S. 805-816 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Alkanes ; 1-chlorobutane ; compressibilities ; excess volume ; expansibilities ; heat capacities ; heat of mixing ; liquids ; pressure ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Isothermal compressibilities KΥ and isobaric thermal expansion coefficients αp have been measured at 25 and 45°C for pure components and the following binary mixtures: 1-chlorobutane+normal alkanes (n-Cn) where n=6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16. With these results and other thermodynamic data from literature the next mixing quantities have also been reported: (∂V E/∂T)P, − (∂V)E/∂P)T, K S v , ∂H E/∂P)T, Δ(αpγVT and ΔCv. The obtained results have been compared at 25°C with the calculated values by using the Prigogine-Flory-Patterson theory of liquid mixtures. The theory predicts the excess volume VE and ∂V E/∂P)T values rather well, the C P E quite poorly, while for ∂V E/∂T)P and ∂V E/∂P)T it is only predicted the trend with the chain length of the n-alkane. The last two quantities show deviations between theoretical and experimental, slightly higher in systems with longer n-alkanes than for shorter ones. Our conclusion is that a nonrigid linear molecule, like 1-chlorobutane, has a low ability as a breaker of the pure n-Cn orientation correlations, in between that which we found for toluene and p-xylene and much smaller than for cyclohexane or benzene.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 66
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Phosphate ; protonation ; temperature ; pressure ; calorimetry ; equilibrium constants ; enthalpy and entropy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Flow calorimetry has been used to study the interaction of HPO 4 2− and H2PO 4 − with H+ in water at temperatures of 348.15 and 398.15 K and at pressures of 1.52 and 12.50 MPa. The protonations of HPO 4 2− and H2PO 4 − are exothermic and endothermic, respectively, under these experimental conditions. Under the conditions of this study, the effect of pressure on the enthalpy changes for both reactions is small. Equilibrium constant K, enthalpy change ΔH, and entropy change ΔS values are given for the protonation reactions at each temperature. These values are compared with those reported in the literature. Incorporation into the calculation procedure of reactions involving association between protonated phosphate species to form hydrogen-bonded dimers does not result in better fits of the experimental data.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 153-170 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Densities ; excess volume ; pressure ; temperature ; ethylbenzene ; octanol ; nonanol ; dodecanol ; order creation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The excess volume V E of binary mixtures of octanol, nonanol and dodecanol in ethylbenzene have been calculated from the densities measured with a vibrating tube densimeter at temperatures from 50 to 100 °C and at pressures from 0.1 to 7.5 MPa. The values of V E are positive for all the three mixtures in the complete temperature, pressure and mole fraction ranges studied. The maxima in V E is observed at 0.4 mole fraction of alkanol. The results are discussed in terms of specific interactions present in the binary mixtures. The second order thermodynamic quantities (∂V E /∂T)p,(∂V E /∂P)T and (∂V E /∂P)T which have been derived from the effect of temperature and pressure on V E , indicate an overall net creation of order in the binary mixtures of ethylbenzene with higher homologues of alkanols.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 24 (1995), S. 753-769 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Conductivity ; sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate ; ion association ; temperature ; pressure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The electrical conductances of dilute (0.001 to 0.1 mol-kg−1) aqueous sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate (NaCF3SO3) solutions have been measured from 0 to 450°C and pressures to 250 MPa. The limiting molar conductance $$\Lambda _0 $$ increases with increasing temperature from 0 to 300°C and decreasing density from 0.8 to 0.3 g-cm−3. Above 300°C, $$\Lambda _0 $$ is nearly temperature independent, but increases linearly with decreasing density. The logarithm of the molal association constant of NaCF3SO3 calculated at temperatures from 372 to 450°C is represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and density of water (g-cm−3) by $$\log K_m = 0.888 - 330.4/T - (12.83 - 5349/T)\log \rho _w $$ The relative strengths of NaCF3SO3 and NaCl are similar within the accuracy of the current measurements over the limited range of temperature and pressure that could be investigated here.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 7 (1978), S. 373-383 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Ferric ; hydrolysis ; ionic strength ; temperature ; enthalpy ; ferric hydroxide ; ultraviolet ; spectroscopic
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Ultraviolet absorbance spectra of ferric ions in 0.68m NaClO4 were studied as a function of pH at 4.0, 14.9, and 25.0°C. The results provided an evaluation of the stability constant for the formation of FeOH2+ which is *β1=[FeOH +][H +]/[Fe 3+]. The enthalpy change for the reaction Fe3++H2O⇌ FeOH2++H+ was calculated as 10.0±0.3 kcal-mole−1. Increasing temperature was also found to promote the reaction Fe3++2H2O⇌ Fe(OH) 2 + +2H+. Our results were combined with the results of other to produce an expression describing the first hydrolysis equilibrium at ionic strengths between 0 and 3m and temperatures between 4.0 and 45.0°C at 1 atm total pressure. At 25°C and 0.68m the ionic strength *β1=1.90×10-3
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 70
    ISSN: 1572-8773
    Schlagwort(e): cadmium ; copper ; iron ; photoperiod ; temperature ; zinc
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The importance of photoperiod and ambient temperature on the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys of bank voles was determined in the present study. Males and females, aged 1 month, were given 3.0 μg Cd ml−1 drinking water and divided into four groups according to photoperiod (16 h light/8 h dark and 8 h light/16 h dark) and ambient temperature (20 or 5°C); liver and kidneys were removed for cadmium as well as copper, iron and zinc analyses at the end of 6 weeks. Bank voles exposed to 5°C in both photoperiods consumed approximately 30% less water containing cadmium than those kept at 20°C. However, the total accumulation of cadmium in the liver and kidneys of males and females exposed to the low temperatures was 4.3–4.8 and 2.2–3.3 times less than that in animals maintained at room temperature in the long and short photoperiod, respectively. Simultaneously, the low temperature brought about an increase in the copper concentrations in the liver (12–43%) and kidneys (47–78%), giving rise to an inverse correlation between the cadmium accumulation and the tissue copper concentration. In contrast to cadmium and copper, the concentrations of iron and zinc were affected primarily by photoperiod. These findings indicate that ambient temperature is an important determinant of cadmium retention in the bank vole. It appears that low temperature decreases tissue cadmium accumulation not only by reducing cadmium intake but also through changes in copper metabolism.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 71
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): EXAFS ; Pt/Al2O3 catalyst ; temperature ; pressure ; carbon deposition ; carbon removal
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract EXAFS has been used to follow in situ the structural evolution of a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst during removal of carbon by hydrogenation, after reduction and carbon deposition. After reduction at 350 °C, the total hydrogen pressure was raised to 3 atm. and n-heptane was injected over the sample. EXAFS measurements at the Pt edge were carried out with simultaneous on-line EXAFS analysis of the spectra. After observing the rapid formation of a carbon-platinum bond which is unmodified with time, we stopped the heptane flow, raised the temperature to 450 °C, and maintained hydrogen flow at 3 atm. The disappearance of the platinum-carbon bond during heat treatment in hydrogen was monitored via on-line analysis. No sintering of the metal particles was observed. EXAFS is thus proven to be an efficient tool to study not just structural changes of a catalyst during a hydrocarbon reaction [1], but also to use it as a technique to study other catalytic phenomena as well.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 27 (1998), S. 373-393 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Iodide ; voltammetry ; diffusion coefficients ; temperature ; Stokes–Einstein equation ; solvation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The oxidation wave of iodide in 0.075 mol-L−1 H2SO4 was analyzed at 25, 40, 55, 70, and 85°C. The reversibility of the I2/I− system was checked using logarithmic transforms, half-wave potentials, and by studying I −1 = f(ω−1/2). The limiting currents obtained enabled us to determine the diffusion coefficient of I− using Newman's equation. These experimental results were compared with Nernst's limiting values. The Stokes–Einstein equation is not verified. Hydration numbers for I− at different temperatures were established. An empirical equation is proposed to predict the evolution of diffusion coefficients in a sulfuric acid medium with temperature.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 29 (2000), S. 63-86 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Thorium ; hydrolysis ; potentiometry ; solvent extraction ; temperature ; thermodynamics
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The stability constants of thorium(IV) hydrolysis species have been measured at15, 25, and 35°C (in 1.0 mol dm−3 NaClO4) using both potentiometry and solventextraction. The results indicate the presence of the monomeric speciesTh(OH)3+, Th(OH)2+ 2, Th(OH)+ 3, and Th(OH)4, in addition to the polymericspecies Th4(OH)8+ 8 and Th6(OH)9+ 15. The polymeric species were found to beimportant, although the total thorium concentration was limited to 0.01–0.1mmol-dm−3. The solvent extraction measurements required the use of acetylacetone.As such, the stability constants of thorium(IV) with acetylacetone were alsomeasured using both potentiometry and solvent extraction. All logarithms of thestability constants were found to be linear functions of the reciprocal absolutetemperature indicating that ΔH o and ΔSo of reaction are both independent oftemperature (over the temperature range examined in the study).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 9 (1980), S. 19-35 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Viscosity ; automatic viscometer ; aqueous solution ; univalent electrolyte ; Jones-DoleB andD coefficient ; temperature ; coefficient ; water structure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Viscosity measurements of a series of univalent electrolytes in water have been performed with an automatic dual viscometer system, covering the temperature range of 5 to 95°C. Results are discussed in terms of Jones-DoleB andD coefficients. TheB coefficients of the salts are divided into their ionic contributions according toB(K+)=B(Cl−) at all temperatures. On a simple model intrinsic and structural contributions inB are calculated for the different ions. The structural term depends exponentially on the temperature in a unique manner, independent of the ion (except for Li+).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 75
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Flow-through cell ; conductivity ; electrolyte ; ion association ; temperature ; pressure ; LiCl ; NaCl ; KCl
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract A flow-through electrical conductance cell was assembled in order to measuremolar conductances of dilute aqueous electrolytes with a high degree of accuracyat high temperatures and pressures. The design of the cell is based on the conceptdeveloped at the University of Delaware and built in 1995, with modificationsthat will allow the cell to operate at much higher temperatures (to 600°C) andpressures (to 300 MPa). At present, the cell has been tested successfully bymeasuring aqueous (10−4-10−3 mol-kg−1) solutions of LiCl, NaCl, and KCl attemperatures 25–410°C and pressures 9.8–33 MPa. The results are in goodagreement with reported values, including those measured with the Delawareflow-through cell. These new results are also complementary to our previousresults, which were measured with a static high-pressure cell. Measurements attemperatures near the critical point of water (374°C, 22.1 MPa) require the useof lower solution concentrations that were unachievable in the past with thestatic cell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of solution chemistry 25 (1996), S. 711-729 
    ISSN: 1572-8927
    Schlagwort(e): Conductivity ; aqueous ; sodium hydroxide ; ion association ; temperature ; pressure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The limiting molar conductances Λ0 and ion association constants of dilute aqueous NaOH solutions (〈0.01 mol-kg−1) were determined by electrical conductance measurements at temperatures from 100 to 600°C and pressures up to 300 MPa. The limiting molar conductances of NaOH(aq) were found to increase with increasing temperature up to 300°C and with decreasing water density ρw. At temperatures ≥400°C, and densities between 0.6 to 0.8 g-cm−3, Λ0 is nearly temperature-independent but increases linearly with decreasing density, and then decreases at densities 〈0.6 g-cm−3. This phenomenon is largely due to the breakdown of the hydrogen-bonded, structure of water. The molal association constants K Am for NaOH( aq ) increase with increasing temperature and decreasing density. The logarithm of the molal association constant can be represented as a function of temperature (Kelvin) and the logarithm of the density of water by $$\begin{gathered} log K_{Am} = 2.477 - 951.53/T - (9.307 \hfill \\ - 3482.8/T)log \rho _{w } (25 - 600^\circ C) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which includes selected data taken from the literature, or by $$\begin{gathered} log K_{Am} = 1.648 - 370.31/T - (13.215 \hfill \\ - 6300.5/T)log \rho _{w } (400 - 600^\circ C) \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which is based solely on results from the present study over this temperature range (and to 300 MPa) where the measurements are most precise.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 48 (1988), S. 73-84 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Liriomyza trifolii ; Agromyzidae ; Diptera ; temperature ; thresholds ; life history ; feeding ; intrinsic rate of increase ; tomato ; host-plant suitability
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La vitesse de développement, la mortalité, l'alimentation, la fécondité et la longévité de L. trifolii (Burgess) élevés sur plants de tomates du cultivar ‘Moneydor’ ont été examinées au laboratoire sous 3 températures constantes (15°C, 20°C et 25°C) et une thermopériode (16/22°C, moyenne 19,5°C). Les taux de développement et les seuils de chaque stade ont été déterminés à partir des droites de régressions. Aucune corrélation n'a été mise en évidence entre ces variables biologiques et la taille des pupes. De plus, certaines données sur la biologie de L. trifolii sont fournies et discutées. Le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement, rm a varié de-0,0023 oeuf viable/femelle/jour à 15°C à 0,1254 oeuf viable/femelle/jour à 25°C et la reproduction nette de 1 oeuf femelle viable/femelle à 15°C à 26 oeufs femelles viables/femelle à 25°C. La durée d'une génération a varié de 48 jours à 15°C à 24 j à 25°C. 90% de la ponte a eu lieu dans les 115 premiers degrés jours de la vie imaginale à 20 et 25°C. La fécondité et la longévité étaient fortement liées au nombre de piqûres nutritionnelles. Ces résultats montrent que la tomate est un hôte convenable permettant aux populations de L. trifolii de se développer lorsque la température est supérieure à 16°C.
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of three constant (15°C, 20°C and 25°C) and one alternating (16–22°C, mean 19.5°C) temperatures on development, mortality, feeding, fecundity and longevity of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) on tomato plants cv. ‘Moneydor’ were examined in the laboratory. Development rates and thresholds for each instar were estimated by means of linear regression. No correlation was found between life history variables and pupal length. Further, data on the biology of L. trifolii are given and discussed. The intrinsic rate of increase, rm, varied from-0.0023 viable female eggs/⧫/day at 15°C to 0.1254 eggs/⧫/day at 25°C and net reproduction from one viable female egg/⧫ at 15°C to 26 eggs/⧫ at 20°C. Generation time varied from 48 days at 15°C to 24 days at 25°C. Ninety % oviposition occurred within the first 115 degree-days of adult life at both 20°C and 25°C. Fecundity and longevity were highly correlated with the number of feeding punctures. The data indicate that tomato is a suitable host plant allowing populations of L. trifolii to increase if temperatures are above 16°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 60 (1991), S. 143-155 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Thrips obscuratus ; Thysanoptera ; Thripidae ; New Zealand flower thrips ; rearing ; oviposition rate ; development time ; temperature ; diet ; pollen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The life history of New Zealand flower thrips (Thrips obscuratus (Crawford), Thysanoptera: Thripidae) was studied using a simple laboratory rearing method. The effects of temperature and diet on oviposition rate and development time were examined. Oviposition rate increased with increasing temperature between 10°C and 25°C. Development time for individual instars and for total development decreased with increasing temperature between 10°C and 27°C. Total development time ranged from 50 days at 10°C (female) to 10 days at 27°C (male). The relationship between temperature and development rate was expressed as a straight line such that lower thresholds of development of between 4.2°C and 6.3°C were established for life stages. Adult lifespan increased with decreasing temperature between 10°C and 25°C and females lived longer than males. At 10°C and 25°C females lived for an average of 34 and 3 weeks respectively. Thrips supplied with pollen exhibited highest and sustained levels of egg production in comparison to other diets. Larval mortality was lowest and development time fastest on diets of pollen and sucrose or fruit juice in comparison to other plant tissues. Larval development time was similar on four species of pollen.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 79
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Schlagwort(e): EXAFS ; Pt/Al2O3 catalysts ; chlorine ; temperature ; pressure ; reduction ; deactivation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract EXAFS has been used to follow in situ the structural evolution of a chlorinated and non-chlorinated Pt/Al2O3 catalyst during reduction in the temperature range of 300–500 °C. Smaller metal clusters are formed from the hydrogen reduction of the chlorinated catalyst, in contrast to the larger cluster formed from the non-chlorinated one. At 460 °C, the total hydrogen pressure was raised to 5 atm. and n-heptane was injected over the samples. EXAFS measurements at the Pt edge were carried out while hydrocarbon conversion was monitored with a gas Chromatograph. We observe the rapid formation of a carbon-platinum bond. This is unmodified while turnover rates and selectivities indicate evidence for deactivation. From this structural information supplied by EXAFS, correlated with the data obtained from gas chromatography, we find that our results are consistent with a model proposed by others where deactivation is due to the build-up of a multilayer of carbon.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 125 (1994), S. 1033-1039 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Schlagwort(e): Prebiotic peptide formation ; Evolution ; Clay catalysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Fähigkeit von Tonmineralien der Montmorillonitklasse zur Katalyse von Peptidbildungsreaktionen aus Aminosäuren in wäßriger Lösung wurde am Beispiel von Glyzin und Kupfer sowie Kalzium und Morillonit untersucht. Experimente mit Verdampfungszyklen haben gezeigt, daß kleinere Mengen von Di- und Tripeptiden aus der Aminosäure gebildet werden. Die weitere Polymerisation von Dipeptiden hingegen scheint wesentlich leichter in diesem Reaktionssystem zu verlaufen als der Anfangsschritt der Bildung des Dipeptides. Eine mögliche Rolle von Tonmineralien in der präbiotischen Peptidevolution kann daher in der Verlängerung von Peptidketten gesehen werden. Kupferionen in der Tonmatrix zeigen keinerlei Vorteile gegenüber den üblichen Kalziumionen, die in natürlichem Montmorillonit vorkommen.
    Notizen: Summary The ability of montmorillonite clay minerals for catalyzing peptide formation from amino acids in aqueous solution has been investigated using glycine and Cu2+ and Ca2+ containing montmorillonites as reaction systems. Evaporation cycle experiments showed that minor amounts of di- and tripeptide are formed from the amino acid. Further polymerization of dipeptide, however, seems to be more favoured by this reaction system than the initial step of dipeptide formation, and a possible role of clays in prebiotic peptide evolution could be seen therefore in the prolongation of peptide chains. Cu2+ ions in the clay matrix did not show any advantage over the usual Ca2+ ions embedded in natural montmorillonite.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Extremophiles 3 (1999), S. 121-129 
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Thermococcus ; Pyrococcus ; Thermophilic ; Phosphofructokinase ; Evolution ; ADP ; Glycolysis ; ATP
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The ADP-dependent phosphofructokinase (PFK) from Thermococcus zilligii has been purified 950 fold; it had a specific activity of 190 U mg−1. The enzyme required Mg2+ ions for optimal activity and was specific for ADP. The forward reaction kinetics were hyperbolic for both cosubstrates (pH optimum of 6.4), and the apparent K m values for ADP and fructose-6-phosphate were 0.6 mM (apparent V max of 243 U mg−1) and 1.47 mM (apparent V max of 197 U mg−1), respectively. Significantly, the enzyme is indicated to be nonallosteric but was slightly activated by some monovalent cations including Na+ and K+. The protein had a subunit size of 42.2 kDa and an estimated native molecular weight of 66 kDa (gel filtration). Maximal reaction rates for the reverse reaction were attained at pH 7.5–8.0, and the apparent K m values for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and AMP were 0.56 mM (apparent V max of 2.9 U mg−1) and 12.5 mM, respectively. The biochemical characteristics of this unique ADP-dependent enzymatic activity are compared to ATP and pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 82
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Schlagwort(e): Key wordsNatronomonas pharaonis ; Natronobacteria ; Archaea ; Serine protease ; Chymotrypsinogen ; Evolution
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A protease of a molecular mass of approximately 30 kDa was isolated and purified from the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natronomonas (formerly Natronobacterium) pharaonis. The enzyme hydrolyzed synthetic peptides, preferentially at the carboxyl terminus of phenylalanine or leucine, as well as large proteins. Hydrolysis occurred over the range of pH from 6 to 12, with an optimum at pH 10. The temperature optimum was 61°C. The enzyme was nearly equally active over the range of salt concentration from 0.5 to 4 M (NaCl or KCl). A strong cross-reaction with a polyclonal antiserum against human chymotrypsin was observed. Enzymatic activity was inhibited by typical serine protease inhibitors. There was significant homology between N-terminal and internal sequences from autolytic fragments and the sequence of bovine chymotrypsinogen B; the overall amino acid composition was similar to that of vertebrate chymotrypsinogens. Evidence for a zymogen-like processing of the protease was obtained. Cell extracts from other halobacteria exhibited similar proteolytic activity and immunoreactivity. The data suggested a widespread distribution of a chymotrypsinogen B-like protease among halo- and haloalkaliphilic Archaea.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 171-173 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Estrogen receptor ; homogenization ; temperature ; nucleus ; uterus
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Homogenization of rat uterus at elevated temperatures results in an increased nuclear localization of unoccupied estrogen receptor. This is a nonlinear effect which is accounted for by an increased population of KCl-resistant nuclear binding sites at the elevated homogenization temperatures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 40 (1984), S. 1441-1443 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Conidia ; Neurospora crassa ; temperature ; respiration ; germination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Incubation of conidia of wild typeNeurospora crassa at temperatures ranging from 25 to 46°C modulates their respiratory type. Between 37 and 41°C, the transient activity of the cyanide-insensitive respiratory pathway parallels, with a maximal extrusion of protons into the medium, the optimal rate of germ tube outgrowth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1429-1430 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Fish ; serotonin ; hydrostatic pressure ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The contents of serotonin (5 HT) and its metabolite 5 hydroxy indoleacetic acid (5 HIAA) have been measured (HPLC technique) in the brains of eels exposed to different conditions of hydrostatic pressure and temperature (HP=1 or 101 ATA in winter, Tw=14°C, and in summer, Tw=19°C). It appears that an increase of Tw induces a significant increase of the 5 HT/5 HIAA ratio. In contrast, eels exposed at 101 ATA of HP for 1 h do not exhibit any modification in the 5 HT/5 HIAA brain ratio at a given temperature. The involvement of 5 HT under the conditions studied is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1532-1533 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Marlin ; muscle ; mechanics ; ATPase activity ; temperature ; skinned fibers
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary ATPase activity and force generation have been measured simultaneously in isolated, demembranated muscle fibers of the Pacific blue marlin (Makaira nigricans) between 0 and 30°C. Tension generation is relatively independent of temperature above 15°C and falls with a Q10 of 〈1.5 on decreasing the temperature to 0°C. In contrast, the Q10 for ATPase activity is 2.2 over the range 0–30°C. The results are interpreted in terms of the cross bridge theory of contraction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 1192-1197 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Psychrophily ; psychrotrophy ; microorganisms ; temperature ; physiology ; activities
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Psychrophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms have the ability to grow at 0°C. Psychrotrophic microorganisms have a maximum temperature for growth above 20°C and are widespread in natural environments and in foods. Psychrophilic microorganisms have a maximum temperature for growth at 20°C or below and are restricted to permanently cold habitats. This ability to grow at low temperature may be correlated with a lower temperature characteristic than that of the mesophiles, an increasing proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the lipid phase of the cell membrane, which makes it more fluid, and a protein conformation functional at low temperature. The relatively low maximum temperature of growth for these microorganisms is often considered to be due to the thermolability of one or more essential cellular components, particularly enzymes, while some degradative activities are enhanced, resulting in an exhaustion of cell energy, a leakage of intracellular substances or complete lysis. Psychrotrophic microorganisms are well-known for their degradative activities in foods. Some are pathogenic or toxinogenic for man, animals or plants. However in natural microbial ecosystems psychrotrophic and psychrophilic microorganisms can play a large role in the biodegradation of organic matter during cold seasons.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 42 (1986), S. 414-415 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Neuromuscular junction ; quantal content ; antarctic fish ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The quantal contents of endplate potentials from extraocular muscles of an antarctic fishPagothenia borchgrevinki were measured over a range of temperatures. Quantal release was maximal at about 5°C but showed little dependence on temperature between −2°C and 10°C. Above 10°C quantal content declined until release ceased about 18°C. In view of the fact that the ambient temperature at which these fish live is constant at −1.9°C, the results suggest thatPagothenia borchgrevinki is only partially adapted to its environment despite 25 million years acclimatization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1080-1082 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Evolution ; evolutionary rate ; stasis ; brain ; encephalization ; body size ; fitness
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Constant evolutionary rates are possible only in verylarge populations, where natural selection does not exhaust varition because mutation supplies fresh variability. In a small population where a small number of genes influence an integrated system like brain and body size which have an allometric relationship, variation is removed rapidly under natural selection, This occurs even when the final fitness of the population is not optimal.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 43 (1987), S. 202-205 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Evolution ; substrate specificity ; serological homologies ; flavone biosynthesis ; Silene ; glycosyltransferases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary The variation in flavone glycosylation patterns inSilene is the result of the expression of six genetic loci, which control either the presence of allozymes differing in substrate specificity or isozymes regulated differently during development. Serological studies showed that at least three of these six loci are evolutionarily related. The genetic mechanisms leading to these complicated variation patterns and the role of this polymorphism for the plant in its interaction with the environment are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 45 (1989), S. 349-351 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Spermatogenesis ; temperature ; brain ; hibernation ; Helix aspersa
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Ablation of the brain from hibernatingHelix aspersa maintained at 25°C causes a significant increase in the proliferation of male cells in the gonad, whereas the ablation of the optic tentacles has no effect. The brain, therefore, produces a factor which specifically inhibits the multiplication of spermatogonia and spermatocytes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 28 (1980), S. 29-37 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): diapause ; induction ; termination ; temperature ; crowding ; inheritance ; Ephestia cautella ; almond moth ; stored products insect ; citrus pulp
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Resume L'induction de la diapause larvaire d'Ephestia cautella (Walker) dépend du génotype et de la densité larvaire. Des croisements à l'intérieur de la souche diapausante donnent 79% de diapause aux fortes densités larvaires et 40% aux faibles densités. Les croisements des adultes de cette souche avec ceux de la souche non-diapausante donnent 36% de diapause aux fortes densités et 6% aux faibles densités. La fréquence de fin de diapause est héréditaire et dépend de la température. Ces résultats peuvent expliquer les variations saisonnières du taux de diapause E. cautella dans la pulpe de citron stockée. La diapause larvaire a été induite chez des groupes de chenilles par surpeuplement dans des élevages standards, et chez des chenilles isolées par élevage sur une quantité limitée d'aliments frais ou sur une quantité abondante d'aliments frais contenant des résidus alimentaires provenent d'élevages surpeuplés. Les effets inducteurs de ces résidus alimentaires disparaissent après extraction avec les solvants de lipides. Une certaine action est observée par de l'extraint sec sur de l'aliment frais.
    Notizen: Abstract Larval diapause induction in Ephestia cautella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is a function of the interaction between genotype and larval crowding. A diapause stock in which 79% of the larvae diapaused under crowded conditions and 40% diapaused under uncrowded conditions was maintained by selection. Outbreeding of adults from this diapause stock to those from a non-diapause stock resulted in 36% diapause under crowded conditions and 6% diapause under uncrowded conditions. The rate of termination of larval diapause is inheritable and temperature dependent. These data seem to explain the seasonal trends in percentage larval diapause among E. cautella infesting citrus pulp during storage. Larval diapause was induced in groups of larvae by crowding in mass cultures and in single larvae by rearing on a small amount of fresh diet or on a larger amount of fresh diet containing residual diet from crowded cultures. The diapause-inducing effects of this residual diet could be removed by extraction with lipid solvents. Some activity was demonstrated when the extract was dried onto fresh diet.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 38 (1985), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): temperature ; growth rates ; cassava mealybug ; Phenacoccus manihoti ; life table ; Manihot esculenta
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Des tables de vie ont été établies pour déterminer l'effet de températures constantes sur les taux de croissance de populations de la cochenille du manioc, Phenacoccus manihoti Mat.-Ferr., et ainsi comprendre les changements au sein des populations du ravageur dans les champs et mener à bien le programme de lutte biologique organisé à l'I.I.T.A. contre cette cochenille. P. manihoti, introduit à partir de l'Amérique latine en Afrique, y menace la production du manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz). Le taux intrinsèque d'accroissement natural (rm) a augmenté de 0.114 à 20°C, à 0.185 à 27°C, avant de descendre à 0.182 à 30.5°C. Le taux net de reproduction (Ro) a été relativement élevé (426–584 oeufs femelles/génération). Dans nos conditions expérimentales, la mortalité a atteint 50% au bout de 37.5, 21.5, 19.0 jours respectivement à 20, 23.5, 27 et 30.5°C. La durée du cycle et le coefficient d'accroissement (λ) étaient inversement liés à la température. Le ravageur possède la capacité de doubler sa population en 6.08 jours à 20°C alors que 3.81 jours seulement suffisent pour doubler la population à 30.5°C. Ces résultats nous ont permis de comprendre et d'expliquer l'énorme pouvoir de pullulation de la cochenille observé dans les champs pendant la saison sèche; il s'ensuit que les lâchers des entomophages produits en élevages doivent se faire très tôt au début de la saison sèche, afin de contrecarrer la grande fertilité et la capacité d'augmentation rapide des populations de P. manihoti.
    Notizen: Abstract Life table studies were conducted to assess the effect of constant temperature on the rate of population growth of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Four temperatures, between 20 and 30.5°C, were tested. An inverse relationship was observed between temperature and most demographic parameters. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) increased from 0.1 at 20°C to 0.2 at 27°C and 30.5°C. The net reproductive rate varied between 426.3 at 30.5°C and 584.7 at 20°C. The mealybug population reached 50% mortality after 37.5, 21.5, 19.0 and 19.0 days respectively at 20, 23.5, 27 and 30.5°C. The results indicate that P. manihoti can persist and increase in numbers within the range between 20 and 30.5°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 237-242 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): photoperiod ; temperature ; Inachis io ; life-cycle ; geographical variation ; butterfly
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Inachis io (L.), observable dans une grande partie de l'Europe, y présente des différences quant au cycle biologique, au voltinisme et à la durée du développement. Trois populations provenant de la zone de transition entre monovoltinisme et bivoltinisme ont été échantillonnées pour examiner les différences de réponses à la photopériode et à la température, et pour évaluer l'étendue des possibilités d'adaptation de cette espèce à l'environnement et ainsi optimaliser son potentiel reproductif. L'induction photopériodique de la diapause est de type jour long pour toutes les souches examinées, mais la photopériode critique 50 (CPh50) varie suivant les populations et paraît étroitement ajustée aux conditions locales. Il y a cependant assez de variabilité à l'intérieur des populations pour que le seuil puisse être rapidement abaissé dans chaque population par des expériences d'élevage sélectif. Par contre, la vitesse de développement ne varie pas significativement entre les populations pour la gamme de température: 15–27°C. Les poids de chrysalides ne diffèrent pas suivant les populations, bien qu'ils augmentent quand la température de dévelppement diminue. On peut penser que des modèles, prédisant que la diminution du nombre de générations pendant une saison sera accompagnée d'une prolongation de la durée de développement et d'une augmentation de la taille, et que ceci est d'origine génétique et non le résultat seul du refroidissement de l'environnement, ne tiendront pas compte de l'absence de variation entre populations dans la relation entre température et développement.
    Notizen: Abstract The variation in response to photoperiod and temperature of different populations of the peacock butterfly, Inachis io (L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), was investigated to test the extent to which species can adjust their response to the environment, and therefore maximise their reproductive potential. The photoperiodic (adult) diapause induction response varies between populations, and appears to be finely tuned to the local conditions. There is however variation within populations and the response can be adjusted in a population by selective breeding. The developmental rate is not significantly different between three latitudinally distinct populations, over the range of temperatures tested, and pupal weights are similar at given temperatures. However, pupal weights increase with decreasing development temperature. The implications of these findings are discussed with reference to modelling life history strategies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 123-130 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): composantes phéromonales ; diffusion ; température ; vent ; Z9-12:Ac ; 12:Ac ; Z9-14:Ac ; pheromonal components ; diffusion ; temperature ; wind ; Z9-12:Ac ; 12:Ac ; Z9-14:Ac
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary To determine the effect of various factors influencing the emission rate of pheromones from slow release dispensers, laboratory tests were undertaken with two types of rubber (Michelin) and one type of plastic trilaminate (Hercon®) dispenser. The effects of chain length, and the presence of double bonds were tested with three pheromonal compounds, Z9-12: Ac, 12: Ac and Z9-14: Ac impregnated on both types of rubber dispenser. The influences of temperature, wind velocity, humidity and percent loading were also tested. Data obtained indicated that chain length has a greater effect than the presence of a double bond. Amongst the climatic factors tested, wind speed has a greater effect than temperature while humidity has a minimal effect.
    Notizen: Abstract Deux types de diffuseurs en caoutchouc (Michelin) et en plastique polystratifié (Hercon®) sont testés en laboratoire pour étudier quelques aspects des phénomènes de diffusion. Trois composantes phéromonales, le Z9-12: Ac, le 12: Ac et le Z9-14: Ac imprégnées dans ces différents supports servent à détermineer le rôle joué par la longueur de la chaîne de la molécule et la présence de doubles liaisons sur la vitesse de diffusion. L'influence de la température, de la vitesse du vent et de l'humidité est déterminée en cellules climatisées. Parmi les facteurs relatifs à la structure chimique, l'influence de la longueur de la chaîne est prédominante par rapport à la présence d'une double liaison. Parmi les facteurs climatiques, le vent agit plus que la température sur la diffusion, alors que l'humidité paraît secondaire.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 44 (1987), S. 257-262 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Heteroptera ; Pyrrhocoris apterus ; adult size ; egg weight ; starvation ; temperature ; pollution ; crowding ; duration of development
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die Körpergrösse bei den Imagines eines Wildstammes der Feuerwanze Pyrrhocoris apterus wurde teilweise durch die Veränderlichkeit der Eigrösse determiniert, teilweise auch durch Hungern der Larven, niedrige Temperatur und metabolischen Produkten beeinflusst. Der Effekt letzterer Faktoren stieg mit deren Dauer und war je grösser desto näher sich die Wirkungsperiode zur Imaginalhäutung befand. Unterschiedliche Photoperioden wirkten auf die Körperlänge nicht. Wurden die Larven zwischen der ungünstigen Periode und der Imaginalhäutung noch den optimalen Bedingungen ausgesetzt, kompensierten sich die negativen Einflüsse weitgehend. Zu einer drastischen Verkleinerung der Imagines kam es nur, wenn das letzte Larven-stadium mit Hunger beeinflusst wurde und bis zur Imaginalhäutung keinen Zutritt zum Futter hatte. Minimales Gewicht, wo die Metamorphose der Larven noch möglich war, wurde zu 18 mg festgestellt.
    Notizen: Abstract The determination of body size (length or weight) of teneral adults of Pyrrhocoris apterus L. was investigated. About 50% of size variation was determined already in the egg stage (average egg weight adult length correlations were 0.67 in males and 0.71 in females). During the larval development, starvation, low temperature, and pollution by excreta combined with crowding reduced adult size and usually increased the development length. The effects were directly proportionate to the length of the stress period, and increased with larval age. Photoperiod or intrinsic variation of development time did not affect adult size. The effects of stress were largely compensated when it was followed by a period of compensation growth at optimum conditions. A dramatic reduction of size appeared when last inster larvae starved and moulted to adults without access to food. Average adult weight was then reduced by up to 48%. Threshold weight for adult moulting was 18 mg, being attained after 1–2 day feeding of the last instar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Dacus tryoni ; fruit fly ; frosts ; cold ; survival ; winter ; step ; ramp ; cooling ; temperature
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'aptitude à survivre à une ou plusieurs expositions à des températures inférieures à zéro dépend à la fois de leur sévérité et du laps de temps entre les expositions. L'effet d'une température minimale déterminée dépend de sa valeur, de sa durée et du type de refroidissement: brutal (step) ou progressif (ramp). Les effets de toute température minimale peuvent être exprimés en termes de LE50 (temps nécessaire pour obtenir une mortalité de 50% avec une exposition unique). Lorsque le temps d'application de la température minimale correspond à 35% du LE50, il n'y a pas de mortalité, de même dans le cas de répétitions quotidiennes. Lorsque le minimum est subi pendant 44% du LE50, il provoque environ 14% de mortalité après la première exposition, avec 3% supplémentaire après chaque exposition quotidienne, mais l'augmentation est nulle si l'exposition au froid n'a lieu que tous les 3 jours. Lorsque le minimum est subi pendant 88% de LE50, la mortalité après la première exposition est d'environ 40% et de même importance à chaque nouvelle exposition, même si elles sont espacées de 7 j. Lorsque la durée d'exposition au minimum correspond à 125% et à 150% de LE50, les mortalités sont respectivement d'environ 80% et 100% à la première exposition. La température maximale quotidienne, entre 15 et 25°C, semble avoir peu d'influence sur la mortalité provoquée par des expositions répétées à-5°C. Les mouches d'âges différents résistent de la même façon jusqu'à 6 expositions répétées à-6°C, mais au-delà les mouches âgées sont plus sensibles que les jeunes. Dans la mesure où, dans la nature, la durée d'exposition à la température minimale est connue et où la température dans le sol peut être calculée ou mesurée, ces résultats peuvent permettre d'interpréter la mortalité provoquée par le gel.
    Notizen: Abstract Ability to survive exposure to single or repeated periods at a subzero temperature is related to the temperature experienced, whether it is approached quickly or slowly, the time for which it prevails and the interval between exposures. The severity of any low temperature can be expressed in terms of LE50 (time required to kill 50% of individuals with one exposure). Minima enduring for 35% LE50 do not cause any mortality, even when repeated daily. Minima enduring for 44% LE50 cause ca 14% mortality on the first occurrence but no more if repeated at 3 day intervals, but 3% more per occasion if repeated daily. Minima enduring for 88% LE50 cause ca 40% mortality on first occurrence and an equal amount at each recurrence even if each is 7 days apart. Minima enduring for 125% LE50 and over 150% LE50 cause respectively ca 80% and 100% mortality respectively on first occurrence. The daily maximum temperature (in the range 15°C to 25°C) appears to have little relevance to the mortality caused by a repeated minimum of -5°C. Flies of different ages have a similar ability to survive a repeated minimum of -6°C for up to six exposures, but thereafter old flies are more susceptible than young ones. These results can be related to mortality caused by frosty conditions in the field so long as the time spent at the minimum is known and the temperature on the ground can be measured or calculated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 19-28 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Hymenoptera ; Encyrtidae ; parasitoids ; Pseudococcidae ; mealybugs ; Anagyrus pseudococci ; Leptomastix dactylopii ; Leptomastidea abnormis ; temperature ; predicting development ; thresholds ; temperate glasshouses
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les vitesses de développement de 3 parasitoïdes de cochenilles ont été étudiées dans les conditions de température de serre, avec thermopériode ou en température constante. En conditions constantes, la vitesse augmente jusqu'à 35°C, mais est létale à 40°C. Avec thermopériode, une thermophase de 40°C peut être tolérée pendant 12 heures. Les vitesses de développement sous thermopériodes pourraient être calculées à partir des données obtenues en conditions constantes, modifiées en fonction des durées respectives des cryophases et thermophases. Une méthode originale est présentée pour obtenir les seuils inférieurs de développement, en utilisant des thermopériodes, et pour calculer les vitesses de développement à températures élevées. Une méthode de régression polynomiale, non vérifiée préalablement, a été utilisée pour prévoir les durées moyennes des développements sous serre. Ces estimations sont beaucoup plus sûres que les prédictions basées sur le concept de degré-jour (Do), lorsque les températures extrêmes durent longtemps, mais en serre chaude elles ne présentent aucune différence significative. De plus, une méthode d'évaluation des 95% d'émergences, a donné de bonnes estimations des premières et dermières émergences en conditions périodiques.
    Notizen: Abstract Developmental rates of three encyrtid mealybug parasitoids were examined under constant, cycling and glasshouse temperatures. Under constant conditions the rate of development increased with rising temperature up to 35°C, but a constant 40°C was lethal. Under cycling conditions, 12 h periods at 40°C could be tolerated. Developmental rates under cycling conditions could be calculated from constant temperature data, by incrementing development on an h/h basis. A new technique was developed to determine the lower thresholds for development, using cycling regimes and to calculate the rates of development over short periods at high temperature. A previously untested polynomial regression technique was used to predict mean developmental periods under glasshouse conditions. These predictions were considerably more accurate than day-degree (Do) predictions when substantial periods at extreme temperatures were involved, but not significantly different from day-degree predictions under ‘hot-house’ conditions. In addition a method was developed to calculate a 95% range for emergence, which gave consistently good estimates of first and last eclosion observed under fluctuating conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 173-182 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Bembidion lampros ; Pterostichus cupreus ; Carabidae ; Coleoptera ; behaviour ; temperature ; searching ; consumption ; cereal aphid ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; prey ; density ; barley
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé Les taux maximum de consommation de R. padi L. à différentes températures ont été déterminés au laboratoire chez deux carabes, B. lampros Herbstet P. cupreus L. La consommation moyenne a augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces, B. lampros consommant un maximum de 15,9 larves des stades 1 à 3 et 9,1 pucerons adultes aptères, à 25°C. P. cupreus a été particulièrement vorace et a consommé 125,3 adultes aptères par jour à 20°C. Le comportement des deux espèces a été observé en filmant en vidéo des carabes à jeun, maintenus à différentes températures constantes, dans des enceintes semées en orge de printemps. Des éléments du comportement, communs aux deux espèces, ont été définis: 1) immabilité, 2) marche et course, 3) recherche, 4) affrontement. P. cupreus a été plus actif à toutes les températures, B. lamprosa été inactif au-dessous de 10°C. La part de temps consacrée à la recherche, le nombre de plantes prospectées, et la vitesse ont augmenté avec la température chez les deux espèces. Dans des enceintes similaires colonisées par R. padi, P. cupreus a significativement augmenté le temps consacré à la recherche dans les enceintes, parallèlement à l'augmentation de la densité des pucerons. Après la découverte d'une colonie de pucerons, P. cupreus escalade et prospecte la plante et ses voisines immédiates; tandis que les plantes des enceintes sans pucerons sont rarement escaladées. B. lampros n'a pas été observé escaladant des plantes d'enceintes avec ou sans pucerons, et il n'a pas accru son temps de prospection en fonction de la densité de pucerons. Les quelques B. lampros qui ont capturé des pucerons l'ont fait lorsque ceux-ci marchaient sur la surface du sol. La discussion a porté sur l'efficacité relative des deux carabes comme prédateurs de R. padi, et les résultats ont été comparés à ceux d'études du même type, menées ailleurs, avec des prédateurs de Sitobion avenae sur blé d'hiver.
    Notizen: Abstract Maximum consumption rates were determined for two carabids, Bembidion lampros Herbst. and Pterostichus cupreus L., feeding on the cereal aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. at different temperatures in the laboratory. Mean daily consumption increased with increasing temperature for both species, B. lampros consuming a maximum of 16 1–3 instar nymphs and 9 apterous adult aphids at 25°C. P. cupreus was particularly voracious and consumed 125 apterous adult R. padi per day at 20°C. The behaviour of both species was analysed by video filming starved beetles, maintained at different constant temperatures, in arenas sown with spring barley. The behavioural components (1) still; (2) run/walk; (3) search and (4) confrontation were identified and were common to both species. P. cupreus was more active over the temperature range tested; B. lampros was inactive under 10°C. The proportion of time spent searching, number of plants searched, and velocity increased with increasing temperature for both species. When observed in similar arenas seeded with R. padi colonies, individuals of P. cupreus significantly increased their time spent searching in arenas with increasing aphid density. Following discovery of an aphid colony, individuals climbed and searched the host plant and its nearest neighbours. Plants in aphid free arenas were rarely climbed. B. lampros was not observed climbing in either aphid free arenas or in arenas with increasing aphid densities, and did not significantly increase its time spent searching in response to increased prey density. The few B. lampros that found aphids caught them walking on the soil surface. The relative efficiences of these two carabids as predators of R. padi are discussed, and the results are compared with similar studies elsewhere with predators of Sitobion avenae on winter wheat.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): Coleoptera ; Cerambycidae ; Morimus funereus ; development ; laboratory conditions ; food quality ; temperature ; season
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé L'étude a porté sur les effets d'une température constante (23 °C), de la qualité de l'aliment,-B = aliment naturel, c'est-à-dire de l'écorce de chêne pulvérisée; B+C = aliment naturel enrichi avec de la poudre de biscuits sucrés-, et de la saison sur le développement larvaire de M. funereus L. La température de 23 °C a été défavorable aux larves récoltées en septembre dans des souches de chênes et élevées sur aliment B: les larves étaient mortes en 30 jours. Avec aliment B+C, l'effet défavorable a été neutralisé et le poids des larves augmenté de 543%, 897% et 1179% en 1, 2 et 3 mois. Des larves néonates d'été ou d'hiver se sont bien développées sur B+C, mais toutes les larves d'hiver étaient mortes sur B en 40 j. Des larves de mêmes parents, écloses à différentes époques de l'année, ont présenté des différences saisonnières du taux de survie et de la vitesse de développement lors de leur élevage à 23 °C sur B+C. Le développement le plus rapide et la meilleure survie ont été obtenus avec des larves écloses au début ou au milieu de l'été; tandis que le développement le plus lent et la plus mauvaise survie ont été obtenus avec les larves écloses à la fin de l'été. Les changements saisonniers synchrones des adultes et de leurs descendants, exprimés à différents niveaux d'organisation biologique, suggèrent l'existence d'un rythme annuel endogène qui dépend de l'expression de différents gènes au cours du cycle annuel.
    Notizen: Abstract The effects of constant temperature (23 °C), food quality (B, natural diet i.e. powdered oak bark; B+C, natural diet enriched with powdered sweet crackers) and season on larval development of the cerambycid Morimus funereus L. were studied. The temperature of 23 °C exerted an unfavourable effect on larvae collected from oak stumps in September and bred on B; i.e. the larvae died within 30 days. When the larvae consumed B+C the unfavourable effect of temperature was abolished and the larvae increased their weight by 543%, 897% and 1179% in 1, 2 and 3 months, respectively. Newly hatched summerand winter-larvae developed successfully on B+C, while all the winter-larvae died within 40 days on B. Larvae of an identical parentage hatched in different phases of the annual cycle and showed seasonal differences in the rate of development and survival when reared on B+C at 23 °C. The fastest development and the highest survival rate were observed in larvae which emerged in early- and midsummer, whereas the slowest development and the lowest survival rate were in those hatched in late summer. The synchronized seasonal changes of adults and their offspring, as expressed at different levels of biological organization, suggest the existence of an endogenous annual rhythm which is dependent upon the expression of different genes in the course of the annual cycle.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
Schließen ⊗
Diese Webseite nutzt Cookies und das Analyse-Tool Matomo. Weitere Informationen finden Sie hier...