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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuating rates of evolution (1985)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 41 (1985), S. 1080-1082 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Evolution ; evolutionary rate ; stasis ; brain ; encephalization ; body size ; fitness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Constant evolutionary rates are possible only in verylarge populations, where natural selection does not exhaust varition because mutation supplies fresh variability. In a small population where a small number of genes influence an integrated system like brain and body size which have an allometric relationship, variation is removed rapidly under natural selection, This occurs even when the final fitness of the population is not optimal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01952154
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of Judge Performance in Wine-Quality Evaluations (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The use of correlation coefficients, F-statistics and LSDs was described for measuring judge performance in terms of agreement, reliability, discrimination, stability, and variability. The technique was applied to a number of wine-quality evaluation experiments. It was shown that a single analysis of variance of all judges' scores in an experiment will often be inappropriate. Further, it was demonstrated that judges' performances varied over time. It was, therefore, recommended that each judge's performance be monitored continually and that when judges were unreliable and nondiscriminating, they would be ignored in drawing conclusions from the experiment. The analysis for wine differences should be based on a separate analysis of each set of homogeneous judges as determined from the measures for agreement, reliability, and variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb14061.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixation of New Mutants (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 227 (1970), S. 860-860 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Much of the discussion has depended on a simple result pointed out by Kimura5. In a population of N individuals, the chance of fixation of a new neutral mutation is I/2N. If the rate of mutation to such neutral variants is u per locus per gamete per generation, then if there are m loci in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/227860a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritability as an indicator of genetical variation in fecundity (1977)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1024-1025 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Heritability is well known to be a poor indicator of genetical variation in fitness. We show here that it is also an inadequqte measure of genetical variation in fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945946
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information as a quantitative criterion of biospheric evolution (1972)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 28 (1972), S. 365-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Theodoridis undStark 1 haben vorgeschlagen, dass der Informationsinhalt der Biosphäre ein objektives Kriterium des Evolutionsfortschritts schafft. In dieser Aufzeichnung prüfe ich diesen Informationsbegriff nach und schliesse daraus: 1. dass ein zuständiges Mass noch nicht vorhanden ist; 2. dass die Informationsbeweise in der genetischen Evolution irreführend sein mögen; und 3. dass wir vorerst die folgenden Parameter zu bestimmen und zu messen versuchen sollten: die Gesamtinformationen der Biosphär; die mindeste Obergrenze der Eingangsinformationen, die für jede besondere Lage der Biosphäre unentbehrlich ist; und die überholte Informationenmenge in dem Genom der einzelnen verschiedenen Spezies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01928744
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Linkage disequilibrium and gametophytic self-incompatibility (1986)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 73 (1986), S. 102-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Linkage ; Linkage disequilibrium ; Gametophytic self-incompatibility ; Sheltering of lethals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The approach to linkage equilibrium of a locus linked to the locus determining gametophytic self-incompatibility (S) is considered. For the simplest case of three alleles at the S locus and two at the linked locus it is necessary to consider 3 measures of linkage disequilibrium. These are found to approach their equilibrium value of zero in one of three ways: 1) steadily declining to zero; 2) oscillating as decline proceeds; 3) a combination: 2) followed by 1). Linkage equilibrium may be established before genotype frequencies reach their expectation under random crossing. Earlier studies (Li 1951; Moran 1962) of the approach to S allele equilibrium have been based on the assumption that all types of pollen take part in fertilizations equally frequently. Such an assumption leads to simpler expressions for changes in S gene frequencies but is extremely unrealistic and, in particular, leads to a different rate of approach to equilibrium from the more comprehensive model. It is shown that even in the absence of selection it is not possible to predict the equilibrium gene frequency of a linked locus until S allele equilibrium is reached. This frequency may be either higher or lower than that calculated from a gene count in the starting genotype pool. However, these two gene frequencies may stabilize long before linkage equilibrium is achieved. An examination of selection against one genotype at the linked locus is undertaken. If linkage is complete, lethality can be less effective at reducing the gene frequency than is less intense selection (in only a few generations of selection). Here too linkage equilibrium may be established with selection still effective in bringing about a decline in gene frequency. An examination of the analysis and conclusions of Rasmuson (1980) shows that because these were based on the inadequate formulae previously discussed and exclude phenomena discussed above, they are misleading. The possibility of a gametophytic self-incompatibility system providing a sufficient condition for the sheltering of lethals in the absence of the condition of complete linkage to the S locus (r=0) is shown to be unlikely.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00273726
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetical load in man (1974)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 23 (1974), S. 83-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Das Konzept des “genetical load” word in den historischen Zusammenhang hineingestellt und von einem verwandten Konzept “cost of natural selection” abgegrenzt. Verschiedene Typen des “load” werden theoretisch untersucht — insbesondere im Lichte ihrer Bedeutung für den Menschen —, und die Bedeutung der Variabilität wird betont. Das Ausmaß des “load” und seine wechselnde Natur wird diskutiert. Dabei wird besonders auf die Fortschritte in Diagnose, Krankheitsvorbeugung und Behandlung Bezug genommen.
    Notes: Summary The concept of genetical load is placed in the historical context, and distinguished from a related concept, the cost of natural selection. Different types of load are examined theoretically, in the light of their relevance to Man, and the importance of diversity is emphasized. The extent of the load and its changing nature are discussed, with particular reference to progress in diagnosis, prevention and treatment of genetical disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00282207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitatively determined self-incompatibility (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 641-644 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Borago officinalis ; Isozyme ; Polymorphism ; Self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It is shown by simulation that a hypothetical multilocus, quantitatively determined self-incompatibility system, whether gametophytic or sporophytic, should maintain variability in small populations at a higher level than would panmixia. Studies of more than 20 isozyme loci show that borage has almost no variability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00226731
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitatively determined self-incompatibility (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 427-430 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Borago officinaux ; Inbreeding depression ; Outcrossing ; Self-incompatibility
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary It has been claimed that Borage (Borago officInalis L.) has a multifactorial self-incompatibility system. Such systems may have a high level of ineffective pollination, and we show that this is the case in borage. The ranking of seed set from highest to lowest is as follows: bee-pollination; natural pollination in the absence of bees; artificial cross-pollination between unrelated plants; artificial cross-pollination between related plants; artificial self-pollination. In diallel crosses, significant parental effects were detected but no consistent patterns of seed set, which suggest a simple self-incompatibility system, were detected. The level of outcrossing with natural pollination was very variable but greater than 50%. Thus, there appears to be no straightforward self-incompatibility system in borage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01186090
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The heritability of fitness: some single gene models (1990)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 79 (1990), S. 278-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Heritability ; Fitness ; Additive-genetic variance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Because directional selection exhausts additive-genetic variance, it is frequently claimed that the heritability of fitness should be very close to zero. However, mutation-selection balance generates a certain amount of additive-genetic variance, so that even parent-offspring measures of heritability may be greater than zero at equilibrium. Intra-generation heritability may also be non-zero, providing the potentials for genetic change following environmental change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00225964
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