ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Other Sources  (804)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (449)
  • SPACE RADIATION  (355)
  • General Chemistry
  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • 1970-1974  (804)
  • 1974  (804)
Collection
Source
Keywords
Years
  • 1970-1974  (804)
Year
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Microbiological and experimental-histological investigations of lunar samples returned by the Lunar 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Lunar surface material was studied for its content of viable microorganisms (aerobic and anaerobic, fungi, and viruses); the effect of the lunar surface material on the growth of microorganisms and its interaction with somatic cells of mammals was also observed. No viable microorganisms were detected; the samples exhibited neither stimulant or inhibitory action on the growth of microorganisms, and also showed no cytopathogenic action on tissue cultures. A suspension of lunar surface material particles was not toxic when parenterally administered to certain laboratory animals. The particles were subjected to intense phagocytosis by connective tissue cells in vivo and in vitro.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 597-605
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Study of friction properties of lunar surface material and its analogs (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A description is given of instruments for determining the friction properties of the surficial layer of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic lunar station, as well as the friction properties of its analogs: andesite-basaltic sand and basalts. The experimental method and results are presented.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 590-596
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Results of investigating the physicomechanical properties of a sample of lunar surface material in a research chamber in nitrogen (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results are reported on an investigation of the mechanical properties of the lunar surface material sample returned by the Luna 16 automatic station. The study included determination of the specific weight of the surface material, the nature of its disintegration, and the determination of its compressibility characteristics, shear resistance, and bearing capacity. Quantitative data are presented on mechanical properties for the lunar surface material, many of which are determined for the first time. The instruments and experimental techniques are described.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 556-569
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Results of investigating thermal and electrical properties of lunar surface material and its analogs (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Thermal and electrical properties are reported of lunar surface material returned to Earth by the Luna 16 automatic station and its terrestrial analogs studied in a vacuum and in a helium atmosphere. Study of the lunar surface material and its analogs showed that their specific heat capacity and electrical properties are similar in value but the coefficients of thermal conductivity differ. The results are compared with data on thermal and electrical properties of the surficial layer of the Moon obtained by indirect radiometric methods, and with results obtained for samples of lunar surface material returned to Earth by the crew of the Apollo 11 spacecraft.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 549-555
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Heat-physical properties of lunar surface material returned to earth by the Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Density, specific heat capacity, and coefficient of thermal conductivity were studied on a sample of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station. The study was carried out in a helium-filled chamber. The density of the surface material when freely heaped was 1.2 g/cu cm, and when shaken down -- 1.7 g/cu cm. The specific heat capacity was 0.177 + or - 0.010 cal x g/1 x deg/1. The coefficient of thermal conductivity in the material was 4.8 x 10/6 + or - 1.2 x 10/6 cal x cm/1 x sec/1 x deg/1.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F15881); p 538-548
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Temperature emission spectrum of exoelectrons of lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of eight fragments of regolith returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station was studied. The nature of the exoemission glove-curves was determined by particle type. Fragments of breccia, sinter, slag, anorthosite, glass plate, and leucocratic gabbro after the first heating disclosed a single exoemission maximum, whose temperature position is in the range 115 to 200 C. The data obtained indicate the complex and inhomogeneous energy structure of some regolith fragments. The presence of surface states capable of forming sorptive bonds can be assumed for most particles. The exoemission of anorthosite, olivine, and the glass spherule is due to the presence of formation defects at their surfaces.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 528-537
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A secondary electron multiplier was used to study the thermostimulated exoelectronic emission of particles of lunar surface material returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station. The natural exoemission from fragments of slag, glass, anorthosite, and a metallic particle was recorded in the isochronic and isothermal thermostimulation regimes. The temperature of emission onset depended on the type of regolith fragment. For the first three particles the isothermal drop in emission is described by first-order kinetic equations. For the anorthosite fragment, exoemission at constant temperature is characterized by a symmetric curve with a maximum. These data indicate the presence of active surface defects, whose nature can be due to the prehistory of the particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 521-527
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Magnetic properties of lunar samples returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results of measuring the specific magnetic susceptibility of regolith are presented. The data indicate that regolith samples from the Sea of Tranquillity and the Sea of Fertility are similar in order of magnitude of the specific magnetic susceptibility. Several stony meteorites of subgroup L have a similar value of this quantity. After comparison with artificial analogs, it can be concluded that the bulk content of ferromagnetic minerals in regolith samples is 3 to 4 percent.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 502-511
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Metallographic study of metallic fragment of lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A high precision investigation of a metallic fragment from the lunar material returned by the Soviet Luna 16 automatic station revealed three characteristic temperature intervals with different kinetics of solid solution decomposition. The following were found in the structure of the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy: (1) delta-phase and alpha-ferrite of diffusional, displacement origin in the grain boundary and acicular forms; and (2) martensite of isothermal and athermal nature, acicular, lamellar, massive, and dendritic. The diversity of the shapes of structural constituents is associated with the effect on their formation of elastic distortions and various mechanisms of deformation relaxation processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 512-520
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cathodoluminescence of regolith returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Observations of local variations in the intensity and spectral composition of the cathodoluminescence of lunar regolith are described. These variations are caused by structural features, by the kind and quantity of the material, and by the admixtures. In addition, cathodoluminescent emission is also associated with a change in the temperature of the lunar surface. Periodic diurnal illumination and darkening of the moon is responsible for a temperature gradient normal to the lines of longitude. These observations made of regolith, using a scanning electron microscope with an attachment for temperature variation, simulate the indicated thermal changes of the cathodoluminescent properties of lunar material.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 496-501
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Infrared transmission spectra of Sea of Fertility regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Transmission spectra in the 2-25 micrometer region were obtained for samples of lunar regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station. A comparison of the Luna 16, Apollo 11, and Apollo 12 samples showed that the infrared transmission spectra of regolith samples from the mare regions are similar and characteristic of basic basaltic rocks. The absorption bands show up in the vibration region of the SiO4 groups. No water and OH groups were found in the samples based on the spectrum. Spectra of regolith samples calcined at 1000C showed changes that can be interpreted as changes in the spectra of irradiated crystals (especially distinctly for the Luna 16 samples).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 486-495
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Photo-polarization study of lunar samples: Negative branch (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Polarization measurements with a telescope for the degree of polarization of light reflected by planetary surfaces, and comparative measurement of terrestrial minerals, meteorites, and returned lunar samples are reported. The polarization curve plots of the dependence of the degree of polarization on the phase angle V are plotted and compared with each other to determine the optical characteristics of the planetary surfaces.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 477-485
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Photometric and polarimetric analysis of samples of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Polarimetric properties were determined for the L-16-19-1-116 samples, weighing 0.087 g. The measurements were made for five wavelengths between 3540 and 5850 AU. In addition, the normal albedo was determined for each of these wavelengths. The albedo for the measured sample was slightly lower than for the typical material of the dark lunar maria and in addition, there was a well developed branch of negative polarization, which resembles the branch obtained for carbonaceous chondrites crushed into powder, and the branch obtained for the powders of several terrestrial basaltic and ultrabasic rocks.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 468-476
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Light scattering indicatrices of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Measurements are made of the indicatrix of scattering of lunar surface material with an indicatometer that has a spread of the illuminating beam of less than 0.5 deg and of the detected beam of about 1.5 deg. The results are compared with the indicatrices for the lunar mean obtained by terrestrial telescopic measurements. It is concluded that the main features of the reflection of light by the moon) (rapid rise in brightness with approach to the full moon) are accounted for by the microrelief caused principally by grains smaller than a millimeter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 449-452
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Infrared spectroscopy of lunar mare regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Spectra of reflection, emission, and transmission of regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station were investigated in the 1.8-13 micrometers region. A reflection maximum was shown to be present in the region 3 to 5 micrometer, along with a corresponding minimum in the emission coefficient. The spectra were interpreted based on a comparison of the optical properties with the chemical and structural properties of the regolith. The regolith in the entire array of properties in the infrared region differs appreciably from terrestrial objects. Spectra of diffuse reflection and the spectra at angles of incidence 0 deg and angles of reflection 15 and 30 deg with samples of the regolith returned by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 missions revealed a similarity of the infrared reflection characteristics of the regolith from different lunar mare regions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 453-467
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Optical characteristics of regolith from the Sea of Fertility, Sea of Tranquillity, and Ocean of Storms (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A diffuse reflection spectra analysis is reported for regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station and by the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 expeditions. The spectra of the specular reflection of Sea of Fertility regolith, as well as the spectra of diffuse reflection from polished sections of lunar rocks from the Sea of Tranquillity and the Ocean of Storms have no well-defined structures and are close to each other. The lowest reflectivity is exhibited by the Sea of Tranquillity regolith, and the highest -- by the Ocean of Storms regolith. A weak absorption band with a maximum near 1 nm is noted in the spectra, corresponding to the Fe-2(+) ion in the octahedral position in the lattice of regolith mineral constituents. When the indicatrix of scattering of the regolith was recorded, a specular component was detected.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 441-448
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Rb-Sr age and content of potassium, rubidium strontium, barium, and rare earths in surface material from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Luna 16 automatic station returned from the Sea of Fertility a 35 cm long column of lunar surface material. 1 g of the Luna 16 lunar surface material, taken at a depth of 22 cm, consists of fine material: surface material and fine fragments of rocks from 1 to 4 mm in diameter. Analyses made on 17 mg of the fine lunar surface material are presented. The results obtained for the Luna 16 surface material are plotted on the diagram of the isotopic evolution of strontium and show that this surface material is most depleted of radiogenic Sr-87 of all the known lunar surface materials and that the point characterizing Lunar 16 lies somewhat to the right of the line corresponding to an age of 4.6 billion years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 436-440
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Absolute age of lunar regolith material from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: By averaging the absolute age of lunar regolith materials from the Sea of Fertility for the fine regolith fraction from the core zone V, an age of 4.65 10 to the 9th power + 0.4 10 to the 9th power years was obtained, employing as the primordial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio 0.69884 (ADOR). Also close to this age value is the age estimate based on the Pb-207/Pb-206 ratio. Using the value 0.69898 (BABI) as a primordial Sr-87/Sr-86 ratio reduces the calculated age of the fine regolith fraction to 4.25 X 10 to the 9th power years. The fine fraction of lunar regolith from the Sea of Fertility is also characterized by a minimum addition of radiogenic Sr-87, a minimum Rb/Sr ratio, and a maximum K/Rb ratio compared with analogous lunar material from other points.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 410-435
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Study of radiation damage and structure of Luna 16 sample particles using high-resolution electron microscopes (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Using an electron scanning microscope and a high voltage microscope, a study was made of the radiation damage and structure of micron sized grains and grains separated from the 200-mesh fraction of the L-16-19 surface material sample. Then the structural features were compared with those found by studying with the same techniques grains separated from 20 different samples of lunar dust taken from the Apollo 11, Apollo 12, Apollo 14, and Apollo 15 collections. The L-16-19 sample is similar to the most intensely irradiated samples returned to earth by Apollo craft.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 404-409
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Study of sample of Sea of Fertility lunar surface material by the track method (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Tracks in crystals of feldspars, olivines, pyroxenes, and in several fragments of basalts from a sample of Luna 16 lunar surface material were studied. A high track density, exceeding 10 to the 8th power cm/2 was found. The tracks were produced mainly by iron group nuclei of cosmic galactic and solar rays.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 400-403
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Radiation damage and structure recorded at high resolution in grains from fine fractions of Luna 16 surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Samples returned to earth by Luna 16, were studied with a high voltage electron microscope for ultramicroscopic features. The following amazing features were noted in particles of surface material returned in all the lunar trips: A very high density of tracks of nuclear particles, ultrathin amorphous shells, highly rounded forms, and amazingly good ordering of crystal lattice. These features were used along with calibration experiments in solving the following problems: (1) determining the energy spectrum and chemical abundances of the very heavy nuclei in the solar wind and in the solar cosmic rays; (2) studying the past activity of the sun; (3) obtaining data on lunar dynamic processes affecting dust particles; (4) analyzing composite effects caused by penetration of solar wind into the lunar surface material; and (5) establishing the existence of the ancient lunar atmosphere and magnetic field.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 388-399
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Some results of track method of investigating Luna 16 lunar material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Preliminary data from an investigation of tracks in olivine crystals, separated from the five zones of a lunar surface material core, are reported. The gradients of track densities, their lengths, and their angular distribution were measured with an optical microscope. Throughout the core depth (35 cm) crystals bearing traces of exposure to low energy solar cosmic rays were found, indicating the occurrence of mixing processes in the surficial layer of lunar surface material. The age of the occurrence of the samples investigated on the lunar surface, calculated from the track density, is in the interval 0.7 to 16 million years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 379-387
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gamma-spectrometric analysis of Luna 16 sample of lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Using a scintillation gamma spectrometer with shielding against anticoincidences, the content of the natural radioelements (K, U, and Th) and long-lived cosmogenic radioisotopes (Al-26, Na-22, and Mn-54) in a sample of Sea of Fertility regolith was determined. Based on the content data of natural radioelements, an attempt was made to classify this sample in the scale of petrochemical types of terrestrial rocks arranged in accordance with their silicic content and alkalinity. Within the frame of reference of calcium-uranium systematics of lunar samples, a comparison was made of the K/U ratio obtained for the Sea of Fertility sample with analogous data for other regions of the moon. Also discussed are problems on the depthwise distribution of cosmogenic radioisotopes along the regolith profile.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 311-319
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cosmogenic Al-26 and Na-22 in Luna-16 lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The activities of cosmogenic isotopes Al-26 and Na-22 in two samples taken from different depths of the lunar regolith core returned by the Luna 16 automatic station were measured by scintillation gamma spectrometer. The measured activities, when recalculated to the time of sampling of the lunar surface material, are: Al-26 - 62 + or - 8 and 54 + or - 9; Na-22 - 42 + or - 8 and 48 + or - 9. Depthwise distributions of the activities of these isotopes in lunar rocks of different types indicate the presence of a considerable depth gradient of activity near the surface caused by the fall off in the fluxes of primary and secondary cosmic radiation. The absence of this gradient in the measured samples, along with data on the tracks and content of inert gases, as well as the granulometric characteristics of the regolith indicate that the surficial layer of the regolith at the sampling site underwent mixing.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 358-369
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Problem of nature of inert gases in lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The origin of isotopes of inert gases in lunar surface material was investigated from the standpoint of the isotopic two-component status of inert gases in the solar system. Helium and neon represent the solar wind component, while krypton and xenon are planetary gases. Type A gases are trapped by the material of the regolith in the early stages of the existence of the solar system and were brought to the lunar surface together with dust. The material of the regolith therefore cannot be considered as the product of the erosion of the crystalline rocks of the moon and in this sense are extralunar. The regolith material containing type A gases must be identified with the high temperature minerals of the carbonaceous chondrites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 348-357
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Inert gases in Sea of Fertility regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The content and isotopic composition were studied of inert gases -- He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe -- in samples of lunar regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station. The samples were taken from depths of about 12 and 30 cm. The high concentrations of inert gases exceed by several orders their concentrations observed in ordinary stony meteorites. The gases in lunar regolith were a complex mixture of gases of different origins: Solar, cosmogenic, radiogenic, and so on. Solar wind gases predominated, distributed in the thin surficial layer of the regolith grains. The concentrations of these gases in the surficial layer is several cubic centimeters per gram. The isotopic composition of the inert gases of solar origin approaches their composition measured in gas-rich meteorites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil From the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 334-347
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Neutron activation determination of the oxygen content in the Luna 16 lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The O2 content in the No. 16/078 sample of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station was determined by activation using 14 MeV neutrons. The O2 content in the sample is 42.1 + or - 1.2 weight percent.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 330-333
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Content of lithium, beryllium, boron, and titanium, and the isotopic composition of lithium, boron, and magnesium in Luna 16 regolith sample (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The abundance of the following elements in the L 16-19 No. 118 regolith sample, zone V was determined by isotopic dilution using a mass spectrometer equipped with a scattering ion source: Li -- 9.8, Be -- 1.2, Be -- 2.6, and Ti -- 1.92 percent. For comparison, these same elements were measured in samples of surface material returned by Apollo 11, Apollo 12, and Apollo 14, and in the terrestrial reference standard diabase W-1. The content of Li, Be, and B in the Luna 16 sample is nearly the same as in the Apollo 11 surface material. The surface material returned by Apollo 12 and Apollo 14 contains two to four times more of these elements. However, the abundance ratios of Li, Be, and B are remarkably similar in the surface materials from the four different lunar regions. With respect to basaltic achondrites and especially with respect to chondrites, the lunar basalts are enriched in Li, Be, and B up to 100 times.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 320-329
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Isotopic composition of lithium, potassium, rubidium, and strontium in lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The isotopic composition of alkali and alkaline earth elements in the Luna 16 regolith was investigated by the method of thermionic emission, without chemical separation. The isotopic composition of the lithium in two regolith samples did not differ (within the limits 0.5 percent) from the mean of the terrestrial reference standard. At the same time, the observed difference (1 percent) in the isotopic composition of lithium between the samples requires further investigation and confirmation. The isotopic compositions of K and Rb did not differ within the limits of experimental error from the isotopic composition of the reference standard.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 306-310
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Study of isotopic composition of helium in the fine fraction of Luna 16 lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The content of He isotopes is measured in two samples of the lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station. Both samples consist of a fine fraction of lunar surface material and were samples from zone A (sample 3-2k) and from zone V (sample 9-1r). The value of He4/He3 and the concentration of the He isotopes are identical for both samples, within the limits of experimental error.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 311-319
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Results of investigating gases from inclusions in lunar glasses (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Common gases from inclusions in glass fragments and spherules of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station were investigated by the adsorption volumometric method. Inclusions from eight particles were analyzed. A gas mixture from the inclusions had two- (CO2 and H2), three- (CO2, H2 and N2 + inert gases), and (H2S, SO2, and NH3), H2,N2 + inert gases, and four component (H2S, SO2, and NH3), CO2, H2, and N2 + inert gases, compositions. Hydrogen in all analyses was 10 to 95 volume percent. Diffusional exchange with the terrestrial atmosphere was absent. An unexpectedly high density of gases in the vacuoles was obtained. The initial volume of the bubbles when the vacuoles were breached even rose 2.5 times and decreased in the limits of 2.3 to 54.5 times. Various possibilities for the formation in the lunar surface material of glass fragments and spherules are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 293-305
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genesis of lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: From comparing the mineral and chemical composition of regoliths with the compositions of primary magmatic lunar rocks, it is shown that mare regolith is enriched in aluminum and depleted in iron, titanium, and chromium. This effect cannot be accounted for only by the admixture of highland anorthositic material. The entire array of geochemical data points to the considerable role of depth-wise differentiation of the magmatic material in forming the composition of the primary lunar rocks and, naturally, the composition of the regolith. During regolith formation, processes of the effervescing of magma as it outflowed at the lunar surface were of primary importance. Impacts by micrometeorites represent another important factor.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 277-292
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of copper, scandium, molybdenum, tin, lead, and iron group elements in lunar surface materials (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Distribution regularities of copper, scandium, molybdenum, tin, lead, and iron group elements were investigated in basaltoid rocks of lunar and terrestrial origin. Samples of various regolith zones taken in the area of the Sea of Fertility were analyzed, along with samples of basic and ultrabasic rocks of the East African Rift for their content of the trace admixtures listed. Data obtained on the abundance of copper, scandium, molybdenum, tin, lead, cobalt, nickel, chromium, and vanadium in Luna 16 lunar surface material were compared with the abundance of these elements in samples of lunar rocks returned by Apollo 11, Apollo 12, and Apollo 14, with the exception of scandium; its content in the latter samples was considerably higher.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 260-268
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Abundance of mercury in regolith of the Sea of Fertility, Sea of Tranquillity, and Ocean of Storms (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The direct determination of mercury by the atomic fluorescent method is described, involving the pulsed thermal atomization of powdered samples when the mercury is vaporized in argon at normal pressure. An increase in the mercury abundance in the regolith of the surficial layer with decrease in grain size and with variation in depth was noted, from 6 minus 1 million the surficial layer to 9 minus 1 million percent at a depth of about 30 cm. It is shown that in conditions simulating lunar day, at temperatures of 130-150 C up to 15 to 20 percent of the mercury is vaporized from a 2 mg regolith weighed sample, and thus the hypothesis is advanced that mercury is adsorbed by the surface layers of the lunar surface material during lunar night and desorbed during lunar day. The assumption is advanced that there exists a meridional mercury wind between subsolar region of the moon (heater) and the polar regions (cooler).
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 253-259
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mossbauer analysis of Luna 16 lunar surface material (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Samples of Apollo 11 lunar surface material were studied by the Mossbauer effect. Owing to the small number of other resonant isotopes, all measurements were made with Fe-57 nuclei. The principal constituents of the material were as follows: Iron containing silicates (olivine, pyroxene, and so on), ilmenite (FeTiO3), and metallic iron.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 250-252
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mossbauer spectroscopic study of Luna 16 lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Samples of bulk fractions of lunar regolith from the surface layer A and the deep layer V were measured by Mossbauer spectroscopy with the FE57 nucleus. Metallic iron, ilmenite, olivine, pyroxene (mainly augite), and glasses were found. The iron distribution by mineral phases indicates that Luna 16 regolith differs from Apollo 11 regolith by a lower ilmenite content and a greater amount of olivine, and differs from Apollo 12 regolith by somewhat more olivine. No appreciable amount of iron was found in the trivalent state.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 238-249
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Electron paramagnetic resonance of several lunar rock samples (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The results are presented of investigating lunar rock samples returned by the Luna 16 automatic station, using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The EPR technique makes it possible to detect paramagnetic centers and investigate their nature, with high sensitivity. Regolith (finely dispersed material) and five particles from it, 0.3 mm in size, consisting mostly of olivine, were investigated with EPR.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 232-237
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Rock-forming and rare elements in lunar surface material from the Sea of Tranquillity and the Ocean of Storms (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Methodological and analytical capabilities associated with spark mass spectrometry and X-ray spectroscopy are presented for the determination of the elemental composition of samples of lunar regolith returned to the earth by Apollo 11 and Apollo 12. Using X-ray spectroscopy, the main constituents of samples of lunar surface material were determined, and using mass spectrometry -- the main admixtures. The principal difference of Apollo 11 samples from Apollo 12 samples was found for elements contained in microconcentrations. This is especially true of rare earth elements.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 220-223
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    X-ray electron study of lunar regolith from the Sea of Fertility and the Sea of Tranquillity (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: X-ray electron spectra were obtained of the 2p-levels of Fe, Ti, Si, Al, and Mg, and of the 1s-level in lunar regolith from the Sea of Fertility and the Sea of Tranquillity. The spectra of the same elements were recorded for approximately 30 rock forming minerals, oceanic gabbro, meteoritic eucrite, and several iron meteorites. Analysis of the results based on line positions showed that all the elements studied have the usual degrees of oxidation, and that oxygen atoms are their nearest neighbors. The predominant coordination number of Al is 4. Analysis and comparison of the Fe2p spectra in regolith, various iron meteorites, and stainless steel leads to these conclusions: Metallic iron in lunar regolith is in a highly dispersed state and is unusually stable with respect to oxidation by the oxygen of the earth's atmosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 224-231
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Determination of rare-earth elements in Luna 16 regolith sample by chemical spectral method (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An analysis was made of regolith from layer A of the Luna 16 sample for rare earth elements, by a chemical spectral method. Chemical and ion exchange concentrations were used to determine the content of 12 elements and Y at the level 0.001 to 0.0001 percent with 10 to 15 percent reproducibility of the emission determination. Results within the limits of reproducibility agree with data obtained by mass spectra, activation, and X-ray fluorescent methods.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 214-219
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nondestructive activation analysis of sample of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The composition of a sample of lunar surface material returned by the Luna 16 automatic station from the Sea of Fertility was studied, using nondestructive activation analysis. The structure of the returned surface material is inhomogeneous; the surficial material is thin, quite homogeneous, and the granularity increases with depth. Based on grain size, the sample was separated into five zones. The activation analysis was conducted on a sample taken from the friable surficial layer, zone A. The content of Al, Mn, Na, Cr, Co, Fe, and Sc was determined by nondestructive activation analysis of the sample. In determining Cr, Co, Fe, and Sc, the sample was irradiated for 24 hours and cooled for 10 days. Gamma spectra of the samples were recorded with a semiconductor Ge(Li)-detector and a multichannel analyzer, and measurement data were processed with an electronic computer.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 209-213
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Neutron activation study of the composition of lunar surface material from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The elemental composition of samples of lunar regolith returned by Luna 16 from the Sea of Fertility was determined by a radio activation method using generator and reactor neutrons, and also by gamma spectrometry with scintillation and Ge(Li) detectors.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 202-208
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chemical composition of Luna 16 lunar regolith (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Data on the chemical composition of regolith returned by the Luna 16 automatic station and two fragments of basalts from the lower layer of the core are presented. Spark mass spectrometric, primary X-ray spectral, emission spectral, and atomic absorption methods were used in the analysis. The regolith of mare provinces were shown to be a mixture of material of various origins. The source of the material of the mare regolith was principally basalts of the corresponding lunar lava maria. The regolith is genetically related to it. This follows from a comparison of the chemical composition, mineralogical, and petrochemical features of the basesalts and the regolith from the Sea of Fertility, Sea of Tranquillity, and Ocean of Storms, respectively.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 179-201
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    X-ray structural study of chrome-aluminum lunar spinel from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An X-ray structural study was made of a lunar spinel sample from the Sea of Fertility. The chemical composition and distribution of cations in the structure were characterized. Interpretation of the experimental data by the least squares method yielded the oxygen parameter u = 0.261 and the isotropic temperature factor 1.09 AU squared.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 174-178
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Silicate spherules in sample of regolith returned by Lunar 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The content of spherical fused particles in Sea of Fertility regolith increases with decrease in particle size and varies from 1 to 2 percent in the relatively coarse fractions to 3 to 4 percent in the fine fractions. Among the spherical formations was noted a wide diversity of shapes, and the most common are particles that are similar in shape to a regular sphere, which indicates the acquisition of shape in the liquid phase under the action of surface tension. As to color, the most common are the black and dark colored particles. No regularities of any kind were noted in the distribution of spherical particles by core zones. The considerable difference of the granulometric characteristics of the spherical particles and the regolith as a whole indicates that the formation of regolith particles and the spherules included in its composition occurred as the result of different, even though possibly simultaneous, processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertilty (NAASA-TT-F-15881); p 166-173
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Scanning electron microscopy of lunar regolith from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Scanning electron microscopy was used in studying the morphology and cathodoluminescence of lunar regolith particles. Surface and structure of two groups of particles are differentiated: (1) Crystalline with well defined facets and spalling surfaces, which are grains of minerals and rock fragments: and (2) amorphous, fused, and partially or entirely glazed particles. Local melting of particles and the round openings on their surfaces are attributed to secondary influence on the regolith of factors of lunar weathering and above all micrometeoric impacts.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 155-165
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    X-ray spectral microanalysis of composition of individual lunar regolith particles (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Determinations were made of the chemical compositions of selected olivine crystals, spherical particles ranging in size from 170 to 350 micrometer, spinels, and magnetic particles. The olivines contain 30 to 50 mole percent fayalite. The spherical particles of various colors are aluminosilicate glasses, significantly enriched in CaO compared with the mean composition of the regolith. The degree of coloration depends on the FeO content and also the admixtures TiO2, MnO, and Cr2O3. Compositionally, the spinel was interpreted to be chromopicotites. Magnetic particles were shown to be complex intergrowths of nickelous iron and aluminosilicates. The composition of the metallic phase of one particle (in percent) was: Fe - 86, Ni - 13.6, and Co - 0.16 in combination with plagioclase and microinclusions of ilmenite in silicate. Kamacite was determined in another intergrowth of Fe, Ni, and Co.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 145-154
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    X-ray diffraction identification of minerals in lunar regolith returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The methods of powder and monocrystal X-ray diffraction served in identifying the mineral composition of gross samples of regolith from different levels of the drill core and about 80 individual regolith particles returned by the Luna 16 station. It was established that the Sea of Fertility regolith includes pyroxenes of the augite-pigeonite series, anorthites, ilmenite, olivines, spinels, alpha cristobalite, iron particles, glass, and several as yet unidentified particles. Crystallographic and roentgenometric data are given for all the lunar minerals found.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 121-144
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Preliminary report of mineralogical and petrographic study of the Luna 16 lunar surface material sample (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Unsorted powder and grains larger than 0.5 mm from the L-16-19-118 lunar sample consisted of eight basaltic fragments, four fragments of breccias (of which one was quite light), one white grain (maskelynite), one chondrule, and slagged dark partially glassy chunks. The mineralogical composition of all rounded particles led to the assumption that they are all of lunar origin; but their presence in the regolith indicates formation of chondrulic meteorites. The existence of several grains of pyroxene coated with a thin glassy film merits attention.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 86-93
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Petrographic-mineralogical investigation of magmatic rocks from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Petrographic and mineralogical features of fragments of magmatic rock of regolith from the Sea of Fertility are examined. The textures and mineral composition vary in relation to the type of rock. More than 50 X-ray spectral analyses of minerals (olivine, pyroxenes, plagioclases, and ores) were made; their chemical composition varies even within the limits of individual rock fragments.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 94-120
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Petrology of lunar rocks from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Based on a comparative analysis of the petrochemistry of an integrated sample of gabbro basalts and a fine fraction from regolith returned by Luna 16 automatic station from the Sea of Fertility, with the mean compositions of various types of mare basalts, anorthosites, and regolith from the Sea of Tranquillity and the Ocean of Storms, with reference to several data on rare elements, the nature of the fine fractions is discussed. It is shown that the integrated sample of gabbro basalt from the coarse fraction in the lower part of the core can be represented as a mixture of mare basalts of the Sea of Tranquillity and nonmare basalts of the krip type in the ratio of about 3 to 2. It is confirmed that the compositions of the Apollo 11 and Apollo 12 regolith are complementary with the compositions of basalts and anorthosites of the Sea of Tranquillity and the Ocean of Storms.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil From the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 74-85
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Measurement of density and porosity of lunar rocks based on samples of Luna 16 automatic lunar station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Three fragments of holocrystalline igneous rocks of the gabbro type, weighing 30 to 50 mg each, were investigated. The density of the fragments was established with a mercury pycnometer and was found to be 3.05 to 3.12 g/cu cm, with a relative error not more than 2 percent. The porosity was found for the difference between the volumes determined with the mercury and with the gas techniques; for all three samples together it was 13 percent, and the error of determination was 70 percent owing to the small volumes. It can be anticipated that the porosity of the rock in bulk will be higher than the value obtained based on small fragments. The porosity of lunar rocks can markedly affect the isostatic distribution of rocks and must be taken into account when developing models of lunar structure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 69-73
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Granulometric characteristics of lunar surface material from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The particle size distributions in the 1-1000 micrometer range along the length of the core of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 were recorded by electrical impulse as well as sieve methods. The measurements are represented in the form of cumulative functions of the logarithm of size versus the logarithm of particle number, and also as the logarithm of size versus particle mass on a probability scale. The former functions at all depths consist of the super-positioning of two straight lines with slopes from 2.10 to 4.05. The second functions are near linear, which together with the closeness of the calculated asymmetries of the distribution to zero and the nearness of the calculated excess of the distributions to unity indicate the closeness of the recorded distributions to the logarithmically normal law. This agrees with the assumption that regolith particles were formed in a process of intensive mechanical grinding.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 51-60
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Morphometric characteristics of particles of regolith returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A study was made of the shape of regolith particles in the 0.5 to 1.0 mm fraction; two parameters were calculated for this fraction: (1) Sphericity -- the ratio of the projection area of a particle to the area of the minimum circumscribed circle; and (2) the ratio of the perimeter of the projection of the particle to the perimeter of a circle having the same width. For comparison, this technique was used in studying geometrical figures and terrestrial formations: sands, slags of present day volcanoes, and crushed basalt. It was established that regolith particles are shaped from the following groups: spherules; breccias and fragments; slags and sinters. Regolith differs sharply from ordinary homogeneous terrestrial formations in the diversity of particle shapes, associated with their polygenicity. Fragments of crushed basalt are less regular than fragments of basalt from regolith.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 61-68
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Box for working with lunar samples in nitrogen atmosphere (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The design and equipment of a box specially built for working with lunar surface material is described. The box is intended for preliminary investigations, packing of samples, and carrying out a large number of operations necessary for this stage in the study of samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 34-39
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Morphology and types of particles of regolith sample from the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A brief description of the morphology of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic lunar station is given. Adhesiveness of the surface material and its ability to be electrified is noted. Two main genetic groups of regolith particles are differentiated: primary, represented mainly by fragments of magmatic rocks of the basalt and gabbro types, as well as mineralized grains of their constituent minerals, and secondary, particles subjected to appreciable exogenic transformation on the surface of the Moon. The second group, representing more than 70 percent of the material in coarse fractions, includes particles of breccias, sintered aggregates of complex dendritic form, and glass and vitrified particles of varied composition.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 40-50
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Reception and study of lunar surface material in inert gas medium (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The reception and study of lunar material returned by the Luna 16 space station is described. The layout of a vacuum receiving chamber for working with material in a helium atmosphere is examined along with the main operations involved in extracting the material from the ampule and drill.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 27-33
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Preliminary data on lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic station (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results of preliminary investigations of a sample of lunar surface material returned by Luna 16 automatic station are reported. Information on the granulometric characteristics of regolith, its optical properties, types of its constituent rocks, and its mineral composition is given. The chemical composition of major and trace elements for different sections of the core and for the lunar basalt was determined. Isotopic composition of inert gases and of several elements was studied. The Rb/Sr age was determined at 4.85 to 4.25 billion years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Lunar Soil from the Sea of Fertility (NASA-TT-F-15881); p 1-18
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Possibility of using sources of vacuum ultraviolet irradiation to solve problems of space material science (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An urgent problem in space materials science is simulating the interaction of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) of solar emission with solids in space conditions, that is, producing a light source with a distribution that approximates the distribution of solar energy. Information is presented on the distribution of the energy flux of VUV of solar radiation. Requirements that must be satisfied by the VUV source used for space materials science are formulated, and a critical evaluation is given of the possibilities of using existing sources for space materials science. From this evaluation it was established that none of the sources of VUV satisfies the specific requirements imposed on the simulator of solar radiation. A solution to the problem was found to be in the development of a new type of source based on exciting a supersonic gas jet flowing into vacuum with a sense electron beam. A description of this gas-jet source, along with its spectral and operation characteristics, is presented.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 102-123
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effect of small flares in the neutral component of secondary cosmic radiation (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The results are presented of an investigation of the effect of small flares, scale divisions 1 and 1(+), in the neutron component of secondary cosmic radiation from the data of neutron supermonitors at the stations of Kiev, Bukhta Tiksi, and Deep River. It is shown that flares of scale divisions 1 and 1(+) are accompanied by an effect in the neutron component amounting to about 0.4%. A mechanism is presented for calculating the outflow of particles accelerated in small flares, owing to diffusion across the magnetic field of a trap.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 77-85
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of the nature of excessive cosmic radiation in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly at altitudes 250-500km, from Kosmos-225 satellite data (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results are presented from a study of the region of anomalous cosmic radiation in the area of the Brazilian magnetic anomaly at the altitudes 250-500 km, using data measurements taken on the Kosmos-225 satellite (14-29 June 1968). The existence of a stable intensity anomaly discovered in the experiments on the second and third Soviet spacecraft-satellites is confirmed. The total vector of the geomagnetic field at different altitudes was compared with isoline maps. An altitude profile of the South Atlantic anomaly of radiation intensity was obtained, using data from the same instrument. The nature of the anomalies in cosmic radiation intensity over the regions of negative magnetic anomalies is discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 86-94
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Acceleration of solar cosmic rays during chromospheric flares (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Using the Fokker-Planck equation, an examination is made of the acceleration of charged particles by fluctuational electric fields caused by the propagation of intense radio emission in the long-wave range. Correlation functions of electric fields near the boundary of plasma instability were computed. The interaction of charged particles with these fields is examined. It is shown that due to the interaction of particles with fluctuational fields, solar cosmic rays can be accelerated to energies of E=100 to 1000 MeV.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 69-76
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Chromospheric flares and sudden commencements of geomagnetic storms (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: A catalogue of flare activity was compiled during 1957-1967 (the solar activity cycle). By comparing all reliable SC during this period with chromospheric flares, the following conclusions are drawn; (1) There is no statistically significant correlation between SC and chromospheric flares. (2) The assumption that a shock wave propagates throughout the entire hemisphere is unjustified and contradicts the fact of recurrence of SC. (3) A statistically significant correlation was established between SC and chromospheric flares, that is, a relationship between a SC and the moment that a flare active region transits the Central Meridian. (4) SC are caused by shock waves or tangential discontinuities formed at the western boundary of the quasisteady directed corpuscular flux or at the boundary between sectors.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Space Res. in the Ukraine, No. 3 (NASA-TT-F-15537); p 61-68
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Petrology of basalt and single-mineral fragments in the soil of the Sea of Fertility (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Basalt and single-mineral particles, ranging from 150 to 425 microns, from the Luna-16 sample are studied by electron microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and petrographic techniques. Three basalt species of different structure are identified. The structure and composition of the individual minerals (in particular of pyroxenes) indicate that the basalts have crystallized under conditions similar to those established for Apollo-11 samples.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Observations of Jupiter's satellites, 1662-1972 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A literature search has yielded nearly 26,000 observations of the satellites of Jupiter, made from 1662 through 1972. The type (photographic; micrometer; eclipse, occultation, transit) and number of observations are tabulated in 5-year increments, and a complete bibliography is cited.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Society of the Pacific; vol. 86
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Ellicott meteorite (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Two medium octahedrite iron meteorites recently found near Ellicott, Colorado, are described and compared to a medium octahedrite iron meteorite discovered in 1902 at nearby Franceville, Colo. Based on the Ni, Ga, Ge, and Ir contents, the pronounced differences in shock history, and the differences in average kamacite bandwidth, it is clear that Ellicott is a new meteorite, distinct from the Franceville find.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics; 9; Dec. 31
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Possible magnetic effects due to fine particle metal and intergrown phases in lunar samples (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The characteristics and forms of existence for alpha iron and gamma iron are considered along with experimental observations concerning the alpha to gamma iron transformation. Attention is given to iron-copper precipitation alloys, the origin of rotational hysteresis in lunar samples, questions of paleointensity, and results obtained in the study of lunar samples. It is pointed out that the presence of gamma iron as a significant component in lunar fines and breccia samples would make it necessary to include the gamma iron component in an interpretation of the magnetic susceptibility-temperature curves.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Nov
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The role of nickel content and the magnetic remanence in iron-nickel alloys of lunar composition (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Lunar samples are magnetic primarily due to the body centered cubic (BCC) iron and iron-nickel alloys they contain. Presented for the first time are results which demonstrate that the magnitude of the martensitic thermal remanence (MTRM) induced on quenching iron-nickel alloy in the geomagnetic field depends on the nickel content of the alloy. High magnetic stability is due to the increasing dislocation density and increasingly complex microstructures associated with increasing nickel content in the alloys. The results agree with the mechanical and structural properties of the alloys. The characteristic quench martensite microstructure observed on metallographic examination provides a recognition criterion for the MTRM mechanism. These results are important for lunar and meteoritic research intending to ascertain the paleofield responsible for the observed remanent magnetization.-
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Nov
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lunar magnetometry and mantle convection (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Lunar magnetometer data was used to indicate a lunar thermal boundary layer which is no more than 200 km thick and a lunar interior which is relatively isothermal. A direct comparison of temperature profiles with the experimental observations is used. It is assumed that the significant variation in lunar electrical conductivity is due to temperature alone and that it may be written in exponential form with a fixed and unknown activation energy and normalization constant. Experimental values of the lunar transfer function compared to theoretical curves generated by several temperature profiles show a significant temperature gradient only in the very outer portion of the moon. The steep curve of the variation of the transfer function with frequency implies an increase in electrical conductivity of no more than one order of magnitude with a depth between 1565 and 1000 km.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature; 252; Dec
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Argon in the Martian atmosphere (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Heretofore undetected argon may be a significant constituent of the Martian atmosphere with a partial pressure of 1.8 mbar. The addition of argon to the 5.5 plus or minus 0.8 mbar of CO2, deduced from ground-based spectroscopy, is consistent with the values of total pressure deduced from the Mariner radio occulation measurements. The presence of argon in the Martian atmosphere contributes to the cooling of the upper thermosphere and exosphere and may explain the difference between predicted and observed temperatures. The argon concentrations predicted here may be related to the recent observation of several tens of per cent of an inert gas, deduced from Mars-6 data.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 1; Nov. 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ejecta from large craters on the moon - Comments on the geometric model of McGetchin et al (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Amendments to a quantitative scheme developed by T. R. McGetchin et al. (1973) for predicting the distribution of ejecta from lunar basins yield substantially thicker estimates of ejecta, deposited at the basin rim-crest and at varying ranges beyond, than does the original model. Estimates of the total volume of material ejected from a basin, illustrated by Imbrium, also are much greater. Because many uncertainties affect any geometric model developed primarily from terrestrial analogs of lunar craters, predictions of ejecta thickness and volume on the moon may range within at least an order of magnitude. These problems are exemplified by the variability of T, thickness of ejecta at the rim-crest of terrestrial experimental craters. The proportion of T to crater rim-height depends critically upon scaled depth-of-burst and whether the explosive is nuclear or chemical.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 23; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lunar mascons - Another model and its implications (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A mascon model is proposed in which the mass excess of the mare basalts in the circular maria is supported isostatically by mass deficits at depth. The model predicts the observed positive gravity anomalies surrounded by negative ring anomalies and explains the absence of gravity anomalies over the irregular maria. The model implies that mare basalts were derived by partial melting of a source region at depth due to pressure relief resulting from the excavation of the circular mare basins, and that the crystalline residuum in the source region is of lower density than the original source rock. The trace element enrichment and near cotectic character of Apollo 11 and 12 lavas reported by some investigators may be caused by extensive magma fractionation enroute from an origin in the circular maria to the final, distant emplacement sites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lunar deposits of possible pyroclastic origin (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Orange glass droplets sampled from the Apollo 17 site were found to be both chemically and texturally homogeneous. None of these droplets, which are of possible pyroclastic origin, contained shock-damaged crystals which are common in glass produced by meteorite impacts. Black droplets are apparently the partially crystallized equivalents of the orange glass. Since chemically and texturally homogeneous glass droplets are known to form in terrestrial lava fountains of basaltic melt, the orange glasses from Apollo 11 and 17 sites and the green glasses from the Apollo 15 site may have formed in lava fountains of low-viscosity lunar basaltic magmas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 38; Nov. 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Tides in the giant planets (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Goldreich and Soter's (1966) discussion of tidal dissipation in the Jovian planets is reexamined for planetary models which possess an appreciable internal heat source. The tidal torque produced in a fully liquid planet is calculated as a function of the average viscosity in the interior. Turbulent viscosity, which is produced by the convection of internal heat to the surface, seems to be capable of producing small (about a few per cent) changes in the orbits of the innermost satellites of Jupiter over the age of the solar system. The basic regularity of many of the giant planet satellite systems is probably due to other, perhaps primordial, causes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Aircraft observations of Venus' near-infrared reflection spectrum - Implications for cloud composition (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A comparison of aircraft-based measurement data on Venus' near-infrared (1.2- to 4.1-micron) reflection spectrum with computer generated spectra of a number of cloud candidates shows a 75-% or more concentrated water solution of sulfuric acid to give the only acceptable match to the profile of Venus' strong 3-micron absorption feature. However, the measurement data obtained also show a modest decline in reflectivity from 2.3-micron to 1.2-micron wavelength, which is inconsistent with the flat spectrum of sulfuric acid in this spectral region. It is hypothesized that this decline is due to impurities in the sulfuric acid droplets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus; 23; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Rigidity spectrum of z greater than or equal to 3 cosmic-ray nuclei in the range 4-285 GV and a search for cosmic antimatter (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: A measurement, using the magnetic emulsion spectrometer system, of the differential rigidity spectrum of Z greater than or equal to 3 nuclei of the galactic cosmic radiation is presented. The system was flown on Aug. 22, 1969, from Palestine, Texas. The instrument floated above 125,000 feet for eight hours. The data in the rigidity range 8-285 GV can be represented by a power-law spectrum in rigidity, J(rho) = A rho to the minus gamma power, with the exponent gamma = 2.6 plus or minus 0.10. The spectrum in the range 15-285 GV is also described by the same exponent, gamma = 2.6 plus or minus 0.25. The data below 8 GV cannot be described by the same power law without invoking solar modulation. A set of nonunique parameters for modulation are given. Upper limit for the fraction of antimatter in the rigidity range 4-125 GV is .005 with 95% confidence limit.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 192; Sept. 15
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The distribution of cosmic rays in the galaxy and their dynamics as deduced from recent gamma ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma ray line flux as a function of longitude is examined. It is shown that the gamma ray emissivity varies with galactocentric distance and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region between 4 and 5 kpc from the galactic center. This enhancement is accounted for in part by first-order Fermi acceleration, compression, and trapping of cosmic rays consistent with present ideas of galactic dynamics and galactic structure theory. Calculations indicate that cosmic rays in the 4 to 5 kpc region are trapped and accelerated over a mean time of the order of a few million years or about 2 to 4 times the assumed trapping time in the solar region of the galaxy on the assumption that only an increased cosmic ray flux is responsible for the observed emission. Cosmic ray nucleons, cosmic ray electrons, and ionized hydrogen gas were found to have a strikingly similar distribution in the galaxy according to both the observational data and the theoretical model discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 241-248
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Observations of discrete gamma ray sources with SAS-2 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Compact gamma ray sources centered on the Crab nebula and the Vela X supernova remnant are considered. An excess in the galactic radiation was observed in both regions. Data indicate that a large fraction of this flux is pulsed. The excess from the Vela region could reflect either a large-scale galactic feature, such as a superposition of spiral arm segments, or it could be associated with the Vela supernova remnant. Low-energy gamma ray bursts were observed in the SAS-2 anticoincidence shielding.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: ESRO The Context and Status of Gamma Ray Astronomy; p 273-277
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cosmic electrons (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The published literature on cosmic electrons is summarized. The primary and secondary sources of cosmic electrons are discussed, and the propagation of the electrons in the interstellar medium is studied with respect to energy loss mechanisms, age distributions, and spectral modifications during flight. Various portions of the electron and positron spectra are then considered in relation to problems of astrophysics. New information is presented on such topics as the origin of low-energy positrons, the decay kinematics of the pi-mu-e process, the application of age distributions for nuclear cosmic rays to cosmic electrons, and the possibility of nonidentical sources for cosmic electrons and protons.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar particles /observations, relationship to the sun acceleration, interplanetary medium/ (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The major features of the propagation of flare particles in the interplanetary medium are discussed in terms of the classic well-behaved flare having unique impulsive injection and a smooth time profile. Topics include flare events, their frequency of occurrence, development of a typical event, energy spectra, proton and electron types, charge and isotopic composition, solar flares and particle accelerations, radio and X-ray observations, the Fermi mechanism, the betatron mechanism, acceleration models, plasma instabilities, two-stage acceleration, propagation mechanisms, the anisotropic stage, the diffusive stage, and the convection and energy loss stage.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Sweet's mechanism in the solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Sweet (1956, 1958) proposed a mechanism for the rapid, steady-state dissipation of a magnetic field in a resistive plasma. It is shown that Sweet's mechanism operates in the interplanetary medium near 1 AU in structures which Burlaga and Ness (1968) have identified and called D-sheets. The basic equations are considered of a specific mathematical model provided by Parker (1963) for the case of antiparallel fields and incompressible flow. The theoretical conclusions are related to interplanetary observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; Aug. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The distribution of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and their dynamics as deduced from recent gamma-ray observations (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent data from SAS-2 on the galactic gamma-ray line flux as a function of longitude reveal a broad maximum in the gamma-ray intensity in the longitude region less than or equal to 30 deg. These data, when unfolded, imply that the low-energy (1 to 10 GeV) galactic cosmic-ray flux varies with galactocentric distance and is about an order of magnitude higher than the local value in a toroidal region between 4 and 5 kpc from the galactic center. It is further shown that this enhancement can be plausibly accounted for by first-order Fermi acceleration, compression, and trapping of cosmic rays consistent with present ideas of galactic dynamics and galactic structure theory. Calculations indicate that cosmic rays in the 4- to 5-kpc region are trapped and accelerated over a mean time of the order of a few million years or about 2 to 4 times the assumed trapping time in the solar region of the Galaxy.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; July 15
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Origin of QSO absorption lines (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Consideration of the origin of the absorption lines in QSOs with observed absolute redshifts much less than the empirical values. As a possible alternative to the plasmoid mechanism for decreasing the relatively large possible macroscopic or bulk motions in QSO clouds, it is shown that certain large relative bulk motions in QSO clouds can be dissipated without the presence of strong magnetic fields and without large adiabatic expansions. The essence of the argument is that a cloud with convergent internal velocities can coalesce inelastically, because the internal kinetic energy can be dissipated and radiated away. There are thus indications that observed QSO absorption clouds may have their origin in clouds with internal velocities which are convergent.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature; 250; July 26
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    478-keV and 431-keV line emissions from alpha-alpha reactions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 191; July 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    1.0 arc second structure on the sun at 3.71 cm wavelength (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Solar Physics; 36; June 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ionization equilibrium in soft X-ray-emitting solar flares (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Studies of the 1.9-A line produced by highly ionized iron during a solar flare indicate that this emission occurs under conditions approaching a steady-state ionization equilibrium. Time-dependent and steady-state ionization equilibrium values are used for calculation of 1.9 A line fluxes per unit flare emission. The results are compared with those obtained by observations of some four solar flares, showing that the calculations from time-dependent equilibrium values approximate the observed line flux values with the same accuracy as the calculations from steady-state equilibrium values only when the electron densities are equal to or greater than 10 billion per cu cm.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Solar Physics; 36; June 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar longitude dependence of some characteristics of type III radio bursts from metric to hectometric wavelengths (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Using the observed data for metric and hectometric type III radio bursts, the dependence of burst characteristics on the solar longitude has been examined over a wide frequency range. It is found that there exists and east-west asymmetry for the extension of metric type III bursts into the hectometric wavelength range. In particular, hectometric bursts are rarely observed for solar flares associated with metric bursts east of 60 E solar longitude. Furthermore, for east longitudes, the low-frequency radio observations show a large dispersion in drift time interval.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Solar Physics; 36; May 1974
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On helium-like 1s2l-1snl prime transitions in solar flare spectra (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Expected wavelengths and intensities are computed for 1s2l-1snl prime transitions in helium-like ions of the abundant elements from oxygen to iron under coronal conditions. Probable observations of some of these lines in the spectra of solar flares are discussed, and attention is called to a possible reversal of singlet and triplet intensities as compared to laboratory observations.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Solar Physics; 36; May 1974
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Fokker-Planck coefficient for pitch-angle scattering of cosmic rays (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: For the case of homogeneous, isotropic magnetic field fluctuations, it is shown that most theories which are based on the quasi-linear and adiabatic approximations yield the same integral for the Fokker-Planck coefficient for the pitch-angle scattering of cosmic rays. For example, despite apparent differences, the theories due to Jokipii and to Klimas and Sandri yield the same integral. It is also shown, however, that this integral in most cases has been evaluated incorrectly in the past. For small pitch angles, the errors in previous evaluations are fortuitously of minor importance. For large pitch angles, however, these errors become more significant; and for pitch angles of 90 deg, the actual Fokker-Planck coefficient contains a delta function which has been overlooked in the past. The implications of these corrections on the possibility of relating cosmic-ray diffusion coefficients to observed properties of the interplanetary magnetic field are discussed.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 190; June 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Empirical solar proton model for orbiting spacecraft applications (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: An empirical model for energetic solar proton fluxes is presented. With this model the effects of such protons on geocentric space missions, to be flown during the next solar active period (1977-1983), and with orbits involving partial magnetospheric shielding, may be estimated. A synoptic background review is given, followed by a detailed discussion of the model's use, errors, uncertainties, and limitations, including sample calculations which demonstrate the application of specific or general project missions. Finally, for circular trajectories, percentage exposure maps are presented, depicting fractional mission times spent outside particular L shells as functions of orbit altitude and inclination.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems; AES-10; July 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar proton fluences for 1977-1983 space missions (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The probability with which any given solar proton fluence level will be exceeded during a space mission is computed for mission to be flown during the active phase of the next solar cycle (1977-1983). This probability is a function of fluence level, proton energy threshold, and mission duration. Calculations are based on 1966-1972 data only. In estimating mission fluences, a distinction is made between ordinary and anomalously large events. Probable numbers of each type of event are estimated from Burrell's extension of Poisson statistics. Fluences of all anomalously large events are assumed to have a spectrum given by the August 1972 event, while fluences of the ordinary events are assumed to obey a log normal distribution.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 11; June 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The anomalous abundance of cosmic-ray nitrogen and oxygen nuclei at low energies (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Recent measurements using the Goddard-University of New Hampshire cosmic-ray telescope on the Pioneer 10 spacecraft have revealed an anomalous spectrum of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei relative to other nuclei such as He and C, in the energy range 3-30 MeV per nucleon. The intensity of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei is enhanced by a factor of up to 20 relative to their abundance in galactic or solar cosmic rays. It is argued that this is most likely a new extrasolar component of cosmic rays.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 187; Feb. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An upper limit on soft X-ray pulsations from the pulsar PSR 0833-45 (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The Vela pulsar PSR 0833-45, located in the Vela X nebula, has the second shortest period of any of the known radio pulsars. Soft X-ray observations are described which place an upper limit of 0.3% on the pulsed fraction of the Vela pulsar relative to the flux from the entire Vela X Nebula, in the 0.5- to 1.0-keV energy band. The present results are about a factor of 7 below the value of 2% measured by Harnden and Gorenstein (1973) for the pulsed fraction relative to the flux from the Vela X Nebula.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; 189; May 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The helium component of solar wind velocity streams (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Systematic variations of the properties of the helium constituent of the solar wind in the velocity streams are described. It is found that the helium abundance varies by about a factor of 2 as the stream is crossed. The velocity of the helium differs from that of the hydrogen by a few kilometers per second throughout much of the stream structure. This velocity difference is greatest immediately after the proton density peak passes, the helium velocity being typically 20 km/sec faster than the protons at that position in the stream. A sharp dip in the helium to proton temperature ratio is centered on the proton density peak. Although it appears reasonable that at least the velocity and temperature effects are due to the dynamic interactions of the two streams, it is not yet clear exactly what physical processes are directly involved in producing the effects described here.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Mar. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The effects of the reduction in the thermal conductivity due to heavy ions on electron temperatures in the solar corona and solar wind are examined. Large enhancements of heavy ions in the corona appear to be necessary to give appreciable changes in the thermal gradient of the electrons. These enhancements, if they should occur, may contribute to the understanding of some low values of solar wind temperature measurements at 1 AU.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Jan. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Some effects of diffusion on the flow of ions in the solar wind (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The contribution of diffusive effects to the near equality of flow velocities of H+ and heavier ions of the solar wind at 1 AU is examined. Frictional drag on heavy ions from average solar wind fluxes of H+ appears to make an appreciable contribution to equalizing velocities. The frictional drag on H+ due to the presence of heavy ions may make an appreciable contribution to equalizing flow velocities, since compensating increases in coronal temperatures may be required in order to give solar wind velocities for H+. However, rather large enhancements of heavy ions near the sun appear to be required. If appreciable enhancements of heavy ions extend beyond about 2.5 solar radii, significant increases in heavy ion temperatures above H+ temperatures may be produced. This temperature difference may contribute to equalizing flow velocities and may contribute to the explanation of measured temperature differences at 1 AU between H+ and He++.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 79; Apr. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Some measurements of the attenuation of solar radiation during BOMEX (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Measurements of the upward and downward flux of solar radiation in two broad wavelength bands defined by glass filters were made at height between about 300 and 12,000 m in the neighborhood of Barbados during the BOMEX experiment in the summer of 1969. These were examined on selected occasions, apparently cloudless, to determine the attenuation (absorption and upward scattering) that could not be attributed to atmospheric gases and must be considered to be caused by particles. Total particle absorption between the lowest and highest flight levels was found to be of order 5%, and upward scatter of order 1% of the incident radiation. Unexplained attenuation above the highest level was of order 2%. The attenuation attributed to particles was approximately the same magnitude as the geometrical cross section deduced by direct particle sampling on the same flights.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; Mar. 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Cosmic far ultraviolet background (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: The expected intensities of various possible components of the far ultraviolet background are discussed. It is concluded that existing results do not place interesting constraints on the density of the intergalactic medium (IGM). Current techniques and instrumentation for far ultraviolet astronomy are, however, sufficient to achieve vastly improved limits. New observations are required to determine whether the IGM can be detected in the far ultraviolet or whether the extragalactic component of the background is masked by radiation with a more local origin.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Nature; 247; Feb. 22
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Coherent scattering of cosmic neutrinos (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: It is shown that cosmic neutrino scattering can be non-negligible when coherence effects previously neglected are taken into account. The coherent neutrino scattering cross section is derived and the neutrino index of refraction evaluated. As an example of coherent neutrino scattering, a detector using critical reflection is described which in principle can detect the low energy cosmic neutrino background allowed by the measured cosmological red shift.
    Keywords: SPACE RADIATION
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 37; 1, De; Dec. 197
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The significance of observed rotational magnetic hysteresis in lunar samples (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Rotational magnetic hysteresis curves for lunar soils 10084, 12070, and 14259, and rock 14053 have been published. There is no adequate explanation to date for the observed large hysteresis at high fields. Lunar rock magnetism researchers consider fine particle iron to be the primary source of stable magnetic remanence in lunar samples. Iron has cubic anisotropy with added shape anisotropy for extreme particle shapes. The observed high-field hysteresis must have its source in uniaxial or unidirectional anisotropy. This implies the existence of minerals with uniaxial anisotropy or exchange-coupled spin states. Therefore, the source of this observed high-field hysteresis must be identified and understood before serious paleointensity studies are made. It is probable that the exchange-coupled spin states and/or the source of uniaxial anisotropy responsible for the high-field hysteresis might be influenced by the lunar surface diurnal temperature cycling. The possible sources of high-field hysteresis in lunar samples are presented and considered.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: The Moon; 11; Nov
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...