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  • GEOPHYSICS  (1.795)
  • 1980-1984  (1.795)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1983  (594)
  • 1981  (734)
  • 1980  (467)
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  • 1980-1984  (1.795)
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  • 1
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    The tectonics of anorthosite massifs (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Anorthosite massifs developed approximately 1.4 to 1.5 billion years ago along an arch which developed parallel to a zone of continental separation as a block which included North America, Europe, and probably Asia separated from a block which included parts of South America, Africa, India, and Australia. Anorthosite massifs also developed at the same time along a belt which runs through the continents which comprise Gondwanaland (South America), Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica. This was a zone of continental separation which subsequently became a zone of continental collision about 1.2 billion years ago. The northern anorthosite belt also parallels an orogenic belt which was active between 1.8 and 1.7 billion years ago. Heat generated during this mountain building period helped in the formation of the anorthosites.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 29 p
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  • 2
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    Low-energy electron flux and its reaction to active experimentation of Spacelab (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: An instrument capable of observing the natural electron flux in the energy range from 0.1 to 12.0 kiloelectron volts is discussed for use in an experiment intended as a forerunner of a method that will utilize artificially accelerated electrons as tracer particles for electron fields parallel to the magnetic field. Effects that are of importance either as means of detecting the echo beam or as causes of beam perturbations (e.g., spacecraft charging effects and electron background) are to be studied. The use of electron accelerators as a tool to probe magnetospheric processes rather than to modify them is planned.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 3
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    Atmospheric emission photometric imaging (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: A dual-channel video system mounted on a stabilized two-axis gimbal system (mounted on the pallet) with associated optics and data handling electronics described the low light flux observations are required for: (1) investigating ionospheric transport processes by observing Mg+ ions; (2) supporting magnetospheric electron bounce experiments; (3) measuring electron cross sections for selected atmospheric species; (4) detecting small particle contamination; and (5) studying natural auroras.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 4 p
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  • 4
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    DC-magnetic field vector measurement (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: A magnetometer experiment was designed to determine the local magnetic field by measuring the total of the Earth's magnetic field and that of an unknown spacecraft. The measured field vector components are available to all onboard experiments via the Spacelab command and data management system. The experiment consists of two parts, an electronic box and the magnetic field sensor. The sensor includes three independent measuring flux-gate magnetometers, each measuring one component. The physical background is the nonlinearity of the B-H curve of a ferrite material. Two coils wound around a ferrite rod are necessary. One of them, a tank coil, pumps the ferrite rod at approximately 20 kilohertz. As a consequence of the nonlinearity, many harmonics can be produced. The second coil (i.e., the detection coil) resonates to the first harmonic. If an unknown dc or low-frequency magnetic field exists, the amplitude of the first harmonic is a measure for the unknown magnetic field. The voltages detected by the sensors are to be digitized and transferred to the command and data management system.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 2 p
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  • 5
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    Investigation on Atmospheric H and D through the measurement of their Lyman-alpha emissions (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: Study of sources of Lyman-alpha emission in the atmosphere, in the interplanetary medium, and perhaps in the galactic medium is planned. Sources of Lyman-alpha emission are described and a schematic of the instrument presented.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 3 p
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  • 6
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    Space experiments with particle accelerators (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-06-04
    Beschreibung: The purpose of space experiments with particle accelerators (SEPAC) is to carry out active and interactive experiments on and in the Earth's ionosphere and magnetosphere. It is also intended to make an initial performance test for an overall program of Spacelab/SEPAC experiments. The instruments to be used are an electron beam accelerator, magnetoplasma dynamic arcjet, and associated diagnostic equipment. The accelerators are installed on the pallet, with monitoring and diagnostic observations being made by the gas plume release, beam-monitor TV, and particle-wave measuring instruments also mounted on the pallet. Command and display systems are installed in the module. Three major classes of investigations to be performed are vehicle charge neutralization, beam plasma physics, and beam atmosphere interactions. The first two are mainly onboard plasma physics experiments to measure the effect of phenomena in the vicinity of Spacelab. The last one is concerned with atmospheric modification and is supported by other Spacelab 1 investigations as well as by ground-based, remote sensing observations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Spacelab Mission 1 Expt. Descriptions; 4 p
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  • 7
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    Ozone and aircraft operations (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: The cabin ozone problem is discussed. Cabin ozone in terms of health effects, the characteristics of ozone encounters by aircraft, a brief history of studies to define the problem, corrective actions taken, and possible future courses of action are examined. It is suggested that such actions include avoiding high ozone concentrations by applying ozone forecasting in flight planning procedures.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc.: 5th Ann. Workshop on Meteorol. and Environ. Inputs to Aviation Systems; p 40-44
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  • 8
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    Comparisons of global ozone trends inferred from the BUV experiment on Nimbus 4 and the ground-based network (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-03-27
    Beschreibung: Preliminary comparisons between global ozone burdens derived from the backscattered ultraviolet (BUV) experiment on Nimbus 4 and those inferred from an analysis of ground-based network data seem to indicate significant differences in the inter-annual variability of ozone. Some of the observed differences may be due to improper weighting of the ground-based network data, slowly changing planetary wave structure over the fixed station, of small inter-annual changes in meridional transport parameters. There is also some evidence which indicates that the polar stratosphere at high latitudes may represent an important ozone storage resevoir which tends to compensate for large scale changes observed in the regions outside of the polar stratosphere. Possible consequences of this are that the global trends derived from ground based ozone measurements may not be valid and furthermore that the current satellite techniques by themselves may be sufficient. An ozone monitoring system which includes observations from satellites, ground-based stations, balloons and rockets may be necessary.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Goddard Lab. for Atmospheric Sci., Collected Reprints, 1978 - 1979, Vol. 1; p 279
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  • 9
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    Measurement of trace levels of chlorine in the stratosphere (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-02-14
    Beschreibung: Mathematical models of stratospheric ozone have predicted a reduction in the total ozone due to chlorofluoromethanes released into the atmosphere. Analytical procedures for the collection of air in the stratosphere and for analysis of these air samples for trace levels of chlorine, regardless of the state of chemical composition were developed. Calibration experiments are conducted in order to validate all methods and procedures. Results of neutron activation analysis calibration procedures using standard chlorine gases are included.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Houston Univ. The 1981 NASA ASEE Summer Fac. Fellowship Program, Vol. 2; 15 p
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  • 10
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    GRM - Observing the terrestrial gravity and magnetic fields in the 1990's (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: NASA is proposing to launch a new geopotential fields exploration system called the Geopotential Research Mission (GRM). Two spacecraft will be placed in a circular polar orbit at 160 km altitude. Distances between these satellites will vary from 100 to 600 km. Both scalar and vector magnetic fields will be measured by magnetometers mounted on a boom positioned in the forward direction on the lead satellite. Gravity data will be computed from the measured change in distance between the two spacecraft. This quantity, called the range-rate, will be determined from the varying frequency (Doppler shift) between transmitter and receiver on each satellite. Expected accuracies (at the one-sigma level) are: gravity field, 1.0 milliGal, 5 cm geoid height; magnetics, scalar field 2 nT, vector to 20 arcsec, both resolved to less than 100 km. With these more accurate and higher resolution data, it will be possible to investigate the earth's structure from the crust (with the shorter wavelength gravity and magnetic anomalies) through the mantle (from the intermediate wavelength gravity field) and into the core (using the longer wavelength gravity and magnetic fields).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: EOS (ISSN 0096-3941); 64; 609-611
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  • 11
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    Measurements of stratospheric SO2 after the EL Chichon eruptions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Samples of stratospheric trace gases were obtained on eight flights of NASA high-altitude aircraft from April 16 through December 13, 1982. The sampling occurred at altitudes from 15 to 22 km, latitudes from 23 to 52 deg N, and longitudes from 108 to 130 deg W. The cryogenically concentrated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography for SO2, a primary precursor of the gas-to-particle conversion process. The measured mixing ratio of SO2 varied between 8 and 132 pptv. Evidence from aerosol measurements indicates that a few of our early samples may have been collected in the fringes of the volcanic cloud from El Chichon. Samples obtained on some later flights may have been from the eruption cloud but were taken at times when most of the volcanically injected SO2 should have been converted to H2SO4.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1045-104
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  • 12
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    Effect of the eruption of El Chichon stratospheric aerosol size and composition (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Dominant effects of the El Chichon eruption on stratospheric aerosols at 19.8 to 20.7 km are: (1) vapor depositional growth of the small-aerosol (background) mode; (2) development of a large-particle mode by sedimentation from the highest altitudes in the cloud; (3) a change in the large-particle mode from sulfate-coated silicates to sulfate aerosols, some with silicate cores; (4) a 100-fold increase in sulfate mass in the large particle mode. Terminal velocities of large silicate particles, maximum r = 2.3 micron, sampled 1 month after eruption, and calibrated with the aid of lidar data, indicate initial injection to 26 to 27 km. Smaller velocities of sulfate aerosols, median r = 0.5 micron, are compatible with major growth in 2 to 3 months at 27 to 28 km. Aerosol settling accounts for the descent of the main lidar return to 26.5 km in August and to 20 to 21 km in December.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1021-102
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  • 13
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    Possible effects of the El Chichon volcanic cloud on the radiation budget of the northern tropics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A series of calculations with a one-dimensional, time-marching, radiative-convective model are performed to assess the impact of the El Chichon volcanic cloud on the radiation budget of the northern tropics during the 6-month period following the injection of volcanic material into the stratosphere. Extensive measurement of the cloud obtained from airborne, spacecraft, and ground platforms were used to define the model parameters and to test the predictions of the model. The El Chichon cloud is predicted to have caused an increase in planetary albedo of 10 percent, a decrease in total solar radiation of 2-3 percent at the ground on cloudless days, and an increase in temperature of 3.5 K at the 24-km (30-mb) level. These predictions are compatible with relevant observations, within their respective error bars.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; 1057-106
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  • 14
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    A revised thermospheric model based on mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter data - MSIS-83 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: It is noted that the model presented here extends the previous description of neutral parameters to the base of the thermosphere in a continuous manner while maintaining the basic structure of the MSIS model at higher altitudes. As the altitude decreases, the composition approaches lower atmosphere values, whereas yearly, and to a lesser extent daily, variations in temperature and density are in reasonable agreement with earlier results for the lower thermosphere. An alternate description is given of magnetic storm variations on the basis of the three hour ap indices and an 8- to 10-hour exponential decay in thermospheric density and temperature response after a heating event. Additional coefficients are included for the time independent and magnetic activity terms, among them a longitudinally dependent seasonal magnetic activity effect. The description of molecular oxygen derives from mass spectrometer and EUV absorption measurements rather than ion chemistry.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10170-10
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  • 15
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    Response of the mobile VLBI design to error sources (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The response of Mobile VLBI design to error sources is addressed. The sensitivity of the hydrogen maser to variations in ambient temperature is discussed, with an example of drifts in the frequency system causing excursions in the time-delay observable exceeding + or - 200 cm. It is shown that baselines determined only from S-band data can contain errors in excess of 30 cm during periods of high ionospheric activity. The effect of the troposphere on baseline solutions is examined by comparing calibrations from the Water Vapor Radiometer (WVR) to those from a surface model. The apparent ability of the WVR to track relatively short-period fluctuations in water vapor is noted. Finally, consideration is given to the effects of source structure and the technique of monitoring closure of the time-delay observable around a closed figure of baselines.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 16
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    Stratospheric condensation nuclei and possible solar influences (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Balloon-borne measurements of condensation nuclei and H2SO4 molecules in large negative ion clusters have been made in the stratosphere at around 30 km altitude. The nuclei observed were in the 0.01-0.1 micron diameter range. Consideration was given to sunspot activity as a triggering event for ionization of upper atmospheric H2SO4 species and subsequent formation of the nuclei. A numerical model was defined for a steady state between the H2SO4 association and ion recombination in order to determine a critical nucleation rate. It is concluded that condensation nuclei are produced in ion nucleation in an H2SO4 supersaturated polar cloud chamber, with the process being initiated by solar flare particle ionization.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 17
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    A study of solar activity-ozone relationship from Nimbus-4 BUV data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The total O3 and the O3 mixing ratio at various pressure levels in the stratosphere measured from the Nimbus-4 BUV experiment over a 7-yr period (1970 to 1977) comprises a comprehensive data base available to study the possible effects of solar variability on stratospheric O3. It is shown that with the decrease in solar activity from 1970 to 1976, the globally averaged O3 inferred from Nimbus-4 data decreases from about 10 to 12 percent in the upper stratosphere to about 1 to 3 percent in the lower stratosphere. The systematic decrease in O3 seems to be correlated with the conventional indices of solar activity; however, it is difficult to account for the observed changes at various pressure levels with the current understanding of the photochemical models and the solar UV flux variations over a solar cycle.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 18
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    Delta function excitation of waves in the earth's ionosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Excitation of the earth's ionosphere by delta function current sheets is considered, and the temporal and spatial evolution of wave packets is analyzed for a two-component collisional F2 layer. Approximations of an inverse Fourier-Laplace transform via saddle point methods provide plots of typical wave packets. These illustrate cold plasma wave theory and may be used as a diagnostic tool since it is possible to relate specific features, e.g., the frequency of a modulation envelope, to plasma parameters such as the electron cyclotron frequency. It is also possible to deduce the propagation path length and orientation of a remote radio beacon.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Radio Science (ISSN 0048-6604); 18; 1337-135
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  • 19
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    Normal mode study of the earth's rigid body motions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: In this paper it is shown that the earth's rigid body (rb) motions can be represented by an analytical set of eigensolutions to the equation of motion for elastic-gravitational free oscillations. Thus each degree of freedom in the rb motion is associated with a rb normal mode. Cases of both nonrotating and rotating earth models are studied, and it is shown that the rb modes do incorporate neatly into the earth's system of normal modes of free oscillation. The excitation formula for the rb modes are also obtained, based on normal mode theory. Physical implications of the results are summarized and the fundamental differences between rb modes and seismic modes are emphasized. In particular, it is ascertained that the Chandler wobble, being one of the rb modes belonging to the rotating earth, can be studied using the established theory of normal modes.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9437-944
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  • 20
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    A mechanism for plasma waves at the harmonics of the plasma frequency in the electron foreshock boundary (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A bump-on-tail unstable reduced velocity distribution, constructed from data obtained at the upstream boundary of the electron foreshock by the GSFC electron spectrometer experiment on the ISEE-1 satellite, is used as the initial plasma state for a numerical integration of the 1D-Vlasov-Maxwell system of equations. The integration is carried through the growth of the instability, beyond its saturation, and well into the stabilized plasma regime. A power spectrum computed for the electric field of the stabilized plasma is dominated by a narrow peak at the Bohm-Gross frequency of the unstable field mode but also contains significant power at the harmonics of the Bohm-Gross frequency. The harmonic power is in sharp peaks which are split into closely spaced doublets. The fundamental peak at the Bohm-Gross frequency is split into a closely spaced triplet. The mechanism for excitation of the second harmonic is shown to be second order wave-wave coupling. Previously announced in STAR as N83-17315
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9081-909
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  • 21
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    Medium scale disturbances in total ozone during Southern Hemisphere summer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Distinct medium scale disturbances in Southern Hemisphere total ozone were observed by the Nimbus 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer during the 1979 FGGE observing period. These disturbances are shown to be a result of advection by the zonal harmonic wave five which is centered near the tropopause (Salby, 1982). The contribution to the total ozone field by vertical advection due to this wave is shown to be nearly equal to that due to horizontal advection.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: American Meteorological Society, Bulletin (ISSN 0003-0007); 64; 1358-136
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  • 22
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    Isotopic evidence from the eastern Canadian shield for geochemical discontinuity in the Proterozoic mantle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Nd and Sr isotopic compositions presently reported for anorthosites and related rocks from the Grenville and Nain Provinces of the eastern Canadian shield indicate that the massifs were delivered from at least two distinct mantle source regions which were established before 1650 Myr ago. These regions were episodically involved in magmatism over about 500 Myr. One reservoir was isotopically similar to the depleted, modern midocean ridge basalt source. The other reservoir was chondritic-to-moderately-enriched, and is most easily identified in the Nain Province, but may have occurred scattered throughout Superior Province, as well.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 306; 679
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  • 23
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    Distribution, abundance and carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons in Big Soda Lake, Nevada - An alkaline, meromictic lake (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The study of the distribution and isotopic composition of low molecular weight hydrocarbon gases at the Big Soda Lake, Nevada, has shown that while neither ethylene nor propylene were found in the lake, ethane, propane, isobutane and n-butane concentrations all increased with water column depth. It is concluded that methane has a biogenic origin in both the sediments and the anoxic water column, and that C2-C4 alkanes have biogenic origins in the monimolimnion water and shallow sediments. The changes observed in delta C-13/CH4/ and CH4/(C2H6 + C3H8) with depth in the water column and sedimeents are probably due to bacterial processes, which may include anaerobic methane oxidation and different rates of methanogenesis, and C2-to-C4 alkane production by microorganisms.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 47; 2107-211
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  • 24
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    Autoregressive harmonic analysis of the earth's polar motion using homogeneous International Latitude Service data (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The homogeneous set of 80-year-long (1900-1979) International Latitude Service (ILS) polar motion data is analyzed using the autoregressive method (Chao and Gilbert, 1980), which resolves and produces estimates for the complex frequency (or frequency and Q) and complex amplitude (or amplitude and phase) of each harmonic component in the data. The ILS data support the multiple-component hypothesis of the Chandler wobble. It is found that the Chandler wobble can be adequately modeled as a linear combination of four (coherent) harmonic components, each of which represents a steady, nearly circular, prograde motion. The four-component Chandler wobble model 'explains' the apparent phase reversal during 1920-1940 and the pre-1950 empirical period-amplitude relation. The annual wobble is shown to be rather stationary over the years both in amplitude and in phase, and no evidence is found to support the large variations reported by earlier investigations. The Markowitz wobble is found to be marginally retrograde and appears to have a complicated behavior which cannot be resolved because of the shortness of the data set.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10299-10
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  • 25
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    Comparison of Yamato and Victoria Land polymict eucrites - A view from mineralogical and isotopic studies (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: New interior samples of four Yamato polymict eucrites (Y74159, Y74450, Y75011, and Y75015) have been studied by electron microprobe, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction techniques, and compared with several samples of the Victoria Land polymict eucrites. These same samples have been analysed using Rb-Sr and Nd-Sm isotopic systematics. Several grains of inverted pigeonite, with blebby augite similar to those in Binda and Moama, have been identified in all four Yamato eucrites. Coarse-grained meso-stasis-rich subophitic basalts, which contain Mg-rich pigeonite (with Fe-rich olivine veinlets) zoned outward to a subcalcic ferroaugite rims, have also been found. These unique clasts were not found in ALH76005, 77302, 78040, 7858, and 78165 and EET eucrites. The tight grouping of Rb/Sr and Sm/Nd ratos, and similar modal compositions of the Yamato group indicate that they are most likely to be pieces from a single fall, and distinct from the ALH and EET groups. However, the Yamato, Allan Hills, and Elephant Moraine groups may sample a few distinct magmas or similar but different source regions on the same parent body.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B245-B25
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  • 26
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    SERIES - Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The Satellite Emission Range Inferred Earth Surveying (SERIES) concept is based on the utilization of NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) radio transmissions without any satellite modifications and in a totally passive mode. The SERIES stations are equipped with lightweight 1.5 m diameter dish antennas mounted on trailers. A series baseline measurement accuracy demonstration is considered, taking into account a 100 meter baseline estimation from approximately one hour of differential Doppler data. It is planned to conduct the next phase of experiments on a 150 m baseline. Attention is given to details regarding future baseline measurement accuracy demonstrations, aspects of ionospheric calibration in connection with subdecimeter baseline accuracy requirements of geodesy, and advantages related to the use of the differential Doppler or pseudoranging mode.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 27
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    Calculated stormtime variations in plasmaspheric thermal ion composition (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Model calculations describing stormtime variations in the earth's dayside plasmasphere are used to examine variations in ion composition. The model storm is initiated by high-latitude thermospheric heating that generates meridional winds that carry neutral species, momentum, and energy equatorward. The thermosphere acts on the plasmasphere through collisional transfer of momentum and through chemical reactions between neutral species and ions. Over latitudes near the region of thermospheric heating, the thermosphere-plasmasphere coupling processes cause enhancement in the density of oxygen ions while protons are being lost. Meanwhile, densities of oxygen ions and protons near the equator are increasing together, almost in phase. The largest enhancements in ion density develop at latitudes near 45 deg invariant for both oxygen and hydrogen.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10233-10
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  • 28
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    A model study of the effects of intermittent loss on odd nitrogen concentrations in the lower troposphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A time-dependent box model of the lower troposphere which includes a description of photochemical and physical processes has been developed. This model has been applied to the calculation of nitric acid and NO(x)(NO + NO2) concentrations over a diurnal cycle which includes precipitation. Nitric acid concentrations and the HNO3/NO(x) ratio are found to be highly variable under the assumptions regarding the frequency, duration, and intensity of precipitation employed in this model. The chemistry of odd nitrogen compounds during the night is potentially important in establishing the level of nitric acid in the lower troposphere. These calculations also indicate that relatively large errors may occur when the continuity equation describing nitric acid variations is averaged over a diurnal cycle which includes precipitation. Interpretation of simultaneous measurements of HNO3 and NO(x) will require some knowledge of the history of the observed air mass and may require an improved understanding of nighttime odd nitrogen chemistry.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10697-10
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  • 29
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    Observation of wave-wave interactions in the stratosphere (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Data from the LIMS instrument for January 1979 are used to provide further evidence for the often observed vacillation between the amplitudes of waves 1 and 2 in the stratosphere. The vacillation is shown to result primarily from nonlinear wave-wave interactions within the stratosphere. Two ways of interpreting nonlinearity are discussed. In the first, the basic state is defined to include large amplitude waves as well as the mean zonal wind. A forced wave propagates with respect to this asymmetric basic state, which can lead to changes in the conventional zonal wavenumber measured at one latitude. The other view of nonlinearity, interaction of wave with the zonal flow and with other wavenumbers are considered separately. Wave-wave interactions among waves 1, 2 and 3 are calculated. The derivation and computation of wave-wave interaction terms in the potential enstrophy balance are given. The observations indicate that enstrophy transfer among waves can be substantial even when the amplitude of one of the contributing waves is small. The computed enstrophy balance also demonstrates that wave-wave interactions can have a large effect on the interaction of waves with the mean flow.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 40; 2484-249
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  • 30
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    Stratospheric temperature profile from balloon-borne measurements of the 10.4-micron band of CO2 (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The technique of nonlinear least squares spectral curve fitting has been used to derive the stratospheric vertical temperature profile from balloon-borne measurements of the 10.4 micron band of CO2. The spectral data were obtained at sunset with the approximately 0.02 per cm resolution University of Denver interferometer system from a float altitude of 33.5 km near Alamogordo, New Mexico, on 23 March 1981. The r.m.s. deviation between the retrieved temperature profile and correlative radiosonde measurements is 2.2 K.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer (ISSN 0022-4073); 30; 327-334
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  • 31
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    Electric field measurements at the magnetopause. I Observation of large convective velocities at rotational magnetopause discontinuities (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Large convective electric fields of the order of 10 mV/m (sometimes as high as 22 mV/m) are observed at rotational magnetopause discontinuities. These observations were made with the long cylindrical (179-m base line) probes carried on the ISEE 1 satellite. These electric field observations yield convective velocity magnitudes (equal to the cross product of the vector E and the vector B, the latter divided by the square of the magnitude of B) of the order of 150 km/s. In this format for the convective velocity magnitudes, some of these observations are similar to the high speed plasma velocity observations that were made at the magnetopause with the plasma experiment carried on the ISEE 1 satellite. It is shown that, for many of these magnetopause crossings, there exists a special moving coordinate system where the observed electric fields vanish. Such a unique reference system is often used in theoretical studies of magnetic discontinuities. This special coordinate system does not move at the local plasma velocity but moves instead at a velocity intermediate between the convective velocity and the local Alfven velocity. It is used here as a diagnostic tool for the experimental investigation of rotational discontinuities at the magnetopause.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 10000-10
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  • 32
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    Satellite mission analysis (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 217-218
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  • 33
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    Modeling studies related to stratospheric measurements and data analysis (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 215-216
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  • 34
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    Data survey and evaluation (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 214
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  • 35
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    UARS definition study (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 209
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  • 36
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    Upper Atmosphere Research Satellites (UARS) working group and definition study (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 210
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  • 37
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    National Academy sensitivity studies (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 207
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  • 38
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    Ozone data processing and analysis (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmopshere Res. Program; p 203-204
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  • 39
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    ATMOS Spacelab science investigation (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmopshere Res. Program; p 201-202
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  • 40
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    Empirical stratospheric models (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 199-200
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  • 41
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    Rocket ozone data in support of Nimbus-7 and SAGE (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 196-197
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  • 42
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    Effects of solar variability on terrestrial upper atmosphere (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmopshere Res. Program; p 188
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  • 43
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    Analysis of GASP carbon monoxide data (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 189-190
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  • 44
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    Analysis of GASP ozone data (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 186-187
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  • 45
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    Evaluate atmospheric trace gas and particle data obtained from B-747 commerical airliners (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 185
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  • 46
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    Satellite Ozone Analysis (SOAC/DMSP) (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 191-192
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  • 47
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    A study of the relationship between solar activity and terrestrial ozone fluctuations (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program p179-180 (SEE N85-73711 19-46)
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  • 48
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    Studies of equatorial stratospheric ozone (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 178
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  • 49
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    Study of the observed and theoretical distribution of atmospheric ozone (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 176-177
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  • 50
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    Ozone data analysis and interpretation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program (SEE N85-73711 19-46)
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  • 51
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    Refinement of 2-D stratospheric model for aerosol dispersion (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 171
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  • 52
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    Computational investigation of reactive molecules (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 172
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  • 53
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    Stratospheric aerosol model (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 170
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  • 54
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    Stratospheric and mesospheric dynamics (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 167-168
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  • 55
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    Transport of trace constituents in the stratosphere (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 169
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  • 56
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    Stratospheric dynamics (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 166
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  • 57
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    Support of university stratospheric research (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 165
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  • 58
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    Methane and stratospheric water (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 156-157
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  • 59
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    Analysis of atmospheric reaction schemes (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 160
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  • 60
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    Upper atmosphere theoretical studies (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 154-155
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  • 61
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    A program of stratospheric research (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 150-151
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  • 62
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    Theoretical studies of the atmosphere (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 152-153
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  • 63
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    Molecular properties of stratospheric constituents (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 122
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    A possible new atmospheric OH source (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 120-121
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  • 65
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    Photochemical and kinetic measurements of atmospheric constituents vis-a-vis their role in controlling stratospheric ozone (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 113-115
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  • 66
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    Ionic processes in the upper atmosphere (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 107
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  • 67
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    Reaction rate measurements (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 103-104
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  • 68
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    Homogeneous and heterogeneous rate constants of atmospheric interest (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 105-106
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    Laboratory kinetic studies of atmospheric reactions (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 100-102
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    An investigation of several reactions of importance in defining stratospheric halogen chemistry (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 98-99
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    Kinetics of stratospheric reactions (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 96-97
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  • 72
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    Stratospheric dynamics: Observational studies (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 69-70
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  • 73
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    Direct measurements of photolysis rates of stratospheric constituents (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Upper Atmosphere Res. Program; p 21-22
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  • 74
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    Estimation of lower crust magnetization form satellite derived anomaly field (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Various lines of evidence point to the lower crust as the source of the long-wavelength magnetic anomaly field measured by the POGO and Magsat satellites. Using seismically determined lower crust thicknesses and equivalent source inversion of the satellite anomaly data, magnetization for the lower crust for much of the United States has been calculated. The average magnetization for two hundred sixty-six 150 x 150 km areas is 3.5 A/m with a standard deviation of 1.1 A/m. These values are consistent with laboratory measurements of mafic-ultramafic rocks expected in the lower crust, and in agreement with previous estimates of lower crust magnetization based on long-wavelength aeromagnetic data. Average lower crust thickness for the same areas is 18.2 km (sigma = 6.4). Thus, over large regions, it appears that variation in magnetization and variation in magnetic layer thickness contribute almost equally in causing the anomaly field variation at satellite altitude.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Tectonophysics (ISSN 0040-1951); 93; 33-45
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  • 75
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    Cold plasma distribution above a few thousand kilometers at high latitudes (1983)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-19
    Beschreibung: Great advances with respect to the study of the earth's magnetosphere could be achieved in connection with the launch of the Dynamics Explorer (DE) 1 and 2 spacecraft. These advances were made possible partly because of the unique combination of coplanar orbits which simultaneously sample the low altitude ionospheric and atmospheric signature (DE-2) and the high altitude phenomena of the inner magnetosphere (DE-1). It was, thus, feasible to obtain new measurements of the coupling of plasmas and fields between these fundamentally important regions. One basic element of the coupling involves the interchange of low energy plasma between the ionosphere and magnetosphere. The flow characteristics of the low energy plasma are indicators of the magnetospheric and ionospheric electric fields which drive the current system. The Retarding Ion Mass Spectrometer (RIMS) instrument has been designed for conducting measurements regarding this plasma population. Attention is given to details regarding RIMS, an example RIMS orbit, plasma trough characteristics, and polar cap phenomena.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 76
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    Atmospheric density, temperature and wind measurement techniques during the 1980 Energy Budget Campaign (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-12-30
    Beschreibung: Super Loki rocketsonde systems are described. The datasonde telemeters data to a ground station where ambient temperatures are calculated between 20 and 70 km. The sphere is a passive, radar tracked system which allows density to be calculated between 30 and 90 km. When flown simultaneously the systems give redundant data in the altitudes between 30 and 70 km. The datasonde has a balloon parachute that descends more slowly than a conventional parachute and is more stable. Because of launch constraints the datasondes reached very high apogees, leading to very fast descent velocities. Aerodynamic heating reduced thermistor sensitivity. Anomalous parachute behavior influenced wind sensing until a denser layer was reached. The spheres collapsed above 60 km altitude, but their data, combined with dropsonde data give significant results for 21 flights. These show that the stratosphere is colder than Cospar 72 model predictions and the mesosphere is warmer.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Wuppertal Univ. Sounding Rocket Program Aeronomy Project: Energy Budget Campaign 1980. Expt. Summary; p 382-396
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  • 77
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    Radiative-photochemical response of the mesosphere to dynamical forcing (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Combination of the chemical continuity equation for odd oxygen with the second law of thermodynamics yields analytic solutions which describe the coupled behavior of temperature and ozone perturbations in response to an externally specified forcing. The results appear in a form which allows easy physical interpretation of the coupling between radiative and photochemical processes. When the forcing is chosen to mimic a planetary scale wave, the theory shows that photochemical acceleration of radiative damping reduces the amplitude of the temperature perturbation by an amount which increases with the wave period. Although ozone fluctuations are anti-correlated with those in temperature, minima in ozone do not coincide exactly in longitude with temperature maxima. The percentage variation in ozone increases upward and is always larger than that in temperature at the same pressure. This demonstrates that variations in ozone on constant pressure surfaces may serve as a sensitive indicator of wave activity in the mesosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; June 20
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  • 78
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    Particles above the tropopause - Measurements and models of stratospheric aerosols, meteoric debris, nacreous clouds, and noctilucent clouds (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An outline is presented of the present status of knowledge of stratospheric aerosols, meteoric debris, nacreous clouds, and noctilucent clouds. Considerable progress has been made in studies of these particles during the previous decade and it is appropriate to synthesize the information to provide a background for studies planned for the 1980s. Numerical models of the formation, growth, and evolution are considered and a description is given of the physical processes involved, taking into account aspects of nucleation, coagulation, condensational growth, sedimentation, and questions of dynamical transport. A schematic outline of the physical and chemical processes included in a model of stratospheric aerosols is provided.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 79
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    The CAMEO barium release - E/parallel/ fields over the polar cap (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Four successive thermite barium releases at an altitude of 965 km over polar cap invariant latitudes 84 to 76 deg near magnetic midnight were conducted from the orbiting second stage of the vehicle that launched Nimbus 7; the releases were made as part of the CAMEO (Chemically Active Material Ejected in Orbit) program. This was the first opportunity to observe the behavior of conventional barium release when conducted at orbital velocity in the near-earth magnetic field. The principal unexpected characteristic in the release dynamics was the high, 1.4 to 2.6 km/s, initial Ba(+) expansion velocity relative to an expected velocity of 0.9 km/s. Attention is also given to neutral cloud expansion, initial ion cloud expansion, convective motion, and the characteristics of field-aligned motion. The possibility of measuring parallel electric fields over the polar cap by observing perturbations in the motion of the visible ions is assessed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
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  • 80
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    Very low frequency waves stimulated by an electron accelerator in the auroral ionosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The sounding rocket, Polar 5, carrying a 10 keV electron accelerator in a mother-daughter configuration and other diagnostic instruments, was launched into a slightly disturbed ionosphere with weak auroral activity on February 1, 1976 from Northern Norway to study VLF wave phenomena. The rocket trajectory crossed two auroral regions: one, between 86 and 111 s flight time, and a secondary region between 230 and 330 s. The daughter, carrying the accelerator, was separated axially from the mother in a forward direction at an altitude of 90 km. The VLF experiment, carried by the mother payload, recorded both electromagnetic and electrostatic waves. The receiving antenna was an electric dipole, 0.3 m tip-to-tip, oriented 90 degrees to the rocket spin axis. The onboard particle detector recorded increased electron fluxes in the two auroral regions. A double peaked structure was observed in the fluxes of 4-5 and 12-27 keV electrons within the northern auroral form. The number density of thermal plasma varied during the flight, with maximum density within the main auroral region. To the north of this aurora a slow, steady decrease in the density was observed, with no enhancement in the region of the second aurora.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
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  • 81
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    An analytic formulation for heating source memory in the thermospheric composition (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Numerical calculations from a spectral circulation model are utilized to construct an analytic Green's function formulation describing the meridional, time-dependent thermospheric composition and temperature response during magnetic storms. The purpose is to develop a formulation that embodies source memory while being sufficiently simple to serve as a heuristic guide for empirical modeling. By passing from the discrete Fourier series representation, utilized for the numerical circulation model, to a continuous Fourier integral representation, explicit waves are obtained for the thermospheric response times. The response times are altitude and species dependent and can exceed two days below 200 km. Thus, for certain storm scenarios, pronounced source memory signatures for the composition and temperature are predicted. Response times obtained from the formulation are shown to give a response consistent with previously published neutral composition data from AE-C for the February 1974 storm when an ap dependent heat source is employed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
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  • 82
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    Semiempirical modeling of thermospheric magnetic storms (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: An improved formulation for empirical modeling of magnetic storm effects in neutral thermospheric composition and temperature is utilized in a study of two disturbed periods. The formulation, which incorporates the prior history of the heat input rather than a single phase delay, is based on a Fourier integral representation of an existing theoretical model. This results in an improved representation of the detailed time variations and a better carry-over of model parameters from one storm to the other and provides a basis for theoretical interpretation.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
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  • 83
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    Inference of the ring current ion composition by means of charge exchange decay (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The analysis of data from the Explorer 45 (S3-A) electrostatic analyzer in the energy range 5-30 keV has provided some new results on the ring current ion composition. It has been well established that the storm time ring current has a decay time of several days, during which the particle fluxes decrease nearly monotonically. By analyzing the measured ion fluxes during the several day storm recovery period and assuming that beside hydrogen other ions were present and that the decays were exponential in nature, three separate lifetimes for the ions were established. These fitted decay lifetimes are in excellent agreement with the expected charge exchange decay lifetimes for H(+), O(+) and He(+) in the energy and L value range of the data.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; May 1
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  • 84
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    SAS 2 observations of the earth albedo gamma radiation above 35 MeV (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The earth albedo gamma radiation above 35 MeV in the equatorial region is investigated using observations from the second Small Astronomy Satellite. The zenith angle distribution of the gamma radiation has a peak toward the horizon which is about an order of magnitude more intense than the radiation coming from the nadir, and nearly two orders of magnitude more intense than the gamma radiation from most parts of the sky. The gamma radiation originating from the western horizon is a factor of four more intense than the radiation from the eastern horizon and a factor of three more intense than that from the northern and southern directions. This reflects the geomagnetic effects on the incident cosmic rays whose interactions produce the albedo gamma rays. The variation of the upcoming gamma ray intensity with vertical cutoff rigidity is consistent with the empirical relationship found by Gur'yan et al. (1979).
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 86; Mar. 1
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  • 85
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    Observations of waves artificially stimulated by an electron beam inside a region with auroral precipitation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Observations of waves stimulated by artificial injection inside an auroral arc by an electron accelerator mounted on the POLAR 5 sounding rocket are presented. The accelerator produced a pulsed electron beam with currents up to 130 mA and energies up to 10 keV; emissions after the end of beam injection were generated by perturbations in the ambient plasma near the accelerator during beam injection. These emissions were independent of the electron beam direction along the geomagnetic field. The high frequency emission observed after beam injection correlated with the passage through an auroral arc; the low frequency emissions after beam injection were concentrated in two bands below the lower hybrid frequency.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 28; Dec. 198
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  • 86
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    Time-average fluxes of heavy ions at the geostationary orbit (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Measurements of average proton, helium, carbon, and oxygen fluxes at 6.6 earth radii are reported. The data represent averages obtained on ATS 6 between June 15 and Oct. 3, 1974. The energy range covered was 0.36-1.1 MeV for protons and approximately 1-4 MeV for the heavier ions. The results indicate that above about 1 MeV the heavier ion fluxes dominate over the proton flux on the energy/ion scale. Using two different spectral dependencies to fit the data, the carbon to oxygen concentration ratio for energies above 1 MeV was found to be 0.43 for the power law spectrum and 0.44 for the exponential spectrum. Thus in either case the abundance ratio is consistent with the solar origin of the particles. Similarly, the helium to oxygen concentration ratio is found to be 0.17 for the power law spectrum and 0.28 for the exponential spectrum. This is inconsistent with the solar wind ratio, which is about 10. The results quoted above are based on a very small portion of the distribution function above 1 MeV.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Oct. 1
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  • 87
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    Coherent- and incoherent-scatter radar (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: The ionized regions of the atmosphere were studied using high power backscatter radars at VHF and UHF frequencies were studied. The first year of data from the Urbana coherent-scatter radar were analyzed. It is suggested that the VHF scattered power profile from the mesosphere over Urbana depends on the existence of short vertical wave length tidal components to generate turbulence. Short period altitude and amplitude variations are believed to be due to gravity wave interacting with the tidal components.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Res. in Aeronomy; p 47-81
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  • 88
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    Partial reflection (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Differential-absorption electron concentration and drifts wind data were collected on a daily basis along with daily winds data. The daily winds data are compared with the daily electron concentration data on the meridional prevailing wind are compared with the electron concentration. Results are briefly discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Res. in Aeronomy; p 24-29
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  • 89
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    Laser radar (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A laser radar system to measure the altitude distribution of atmospheric sodium in the 80 to 100 km altitude region was constructed. The system consists of a high power pulsed dye laser, large aperture receiving telescope, and photon counting and signal processing equipment. The receiving system development, and the construction and development of the dye laser are discussed. Spatial and temporal filtering of the data to enhance the resolution of the sodium lidar profiles is described as well as computer model studies of the sodium density response to gravity wave perturbations.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Res. in Aeronomy; p 82-94
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  • 90
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    Meteor radar (1981)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Experimental and theoretical studies of the dynamics of the meteor region (75-105 km) were conducted using a meteor radar system. The radar was operated for approximately 700 hours. The data were fully analyzed to yield the north/south and east/west horizontal wind components, and curve fitting routines are used to yield the daily mean winds, and the diurnal and semidiurnal tides.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Res. in Aeronomy; p 30-46
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  • 91
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    Rocket experiments (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Payloads designed to study the ionization and the ionizing sources (energetic particles) during periods of auroral activity are described. These include a probe experiment to measure the variation in electron concentration, to measure electron temperature, and to measure the vehicle potential; a propagation experiment to obtain the electron concentration and the electron collision frequency; and an energetic particle experiment to measure particle energy spectra.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Res. in Aeronomy; p 6-23
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  • 92
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    X-band atmospheric noise temperature statistics at Goldstone, DSS 13, 1979 and 1980, and clear air noise temperature models for Goldstone (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Superhigh frequency (X band) noise temperature data are presented which illustrate the noise temperature increase above quiescent baseline for the years 1979 and 1980. Clear air models are also given which shows the seasonal noise temperature effects of changing surface water vapor densities for a particular atmospheric model.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Progr. Rept. 42-64; p 161-167
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  • 93
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    A frequency and timing subsystem for the ORION mobile unit (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: A mobile surveying instrument in support of the crustal dynamics program measures the length and direction of the distance between sites on the Earth's surface using VLBI techniques operating at microwave frequencies and extragalactic radio sources. The frequency and timing subsystem uses as a frequency standard the hydrogen maser. An important part of the subsystem is a sophisticated automatic system to monitor frequency stability and accumulated clock error.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 3-10
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  • 94
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    Calculation of atmospheric loss from microwave radiometric noise temperature measurements (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Beschreibung: Microwave propagation loss in the atmosphere can be inferred from microwave radiometric noise temperature measurements. The relevant equations are given and a derivation and calculation is made assuming various physical models. Comparison is made with the commonly used lumped element atmospheric model (isothermal and uniform loss) and the model with linear temperature and exponential loss distributions. The results are useful for estimating the integral inversion differences due to the model selection. This indicates that the commonly used lumped element atmospheric model is a very good approximation with judicious choice of the effective physical temperature. For the worst case comparison, the lumped element model agrees with the variable parameter model within 0.2 dB up to a propagation loss of 3 dB.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Telecommun. and Data Acquisition; p 73-80
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  • 95
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    Rocket observations of the vertical distribution of ozone in the polar night and during a mid-winter stratospheric warming (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Rocket ozone soundings have been conducted in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere at high latitudes during winter. The collection of soundings show a high degree of variability when compared to ozone distributions measured during summer and at lower latitudes. The concurrently observed temperature and winds also show large variations which can be qualitatively related to the ozone profiles. Two most unusual ozone profiles were observed in January 1979 over Alaska during a stratospheric warming event. Both ozone profiles were consistent in showing the measured mixing ratios to be higher at 50 km than those measured at 40 km, a feature never reported before. This feature is related to the concurrently observed wind and temperature distributions and the NMC analyses of pressure height fields. The polar night ozone observations in the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere suggest some temperature dependence, but transports seem to play an important role.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Aug. 198
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  • 96
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    The behavior of ozone near the stratopause from two years of BUC observations (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Two years of Nimbus 4 backscattered ultraviolet data have been recalibrated and reprocessed. A Laplace transform inversion was applied to radiances at 2876 A and below for 560,000 individual scans for the period April 1970-May 1972. The behavior of ozone near 50 km as a function of time, latitude, and longitude is presented. The high-latitude 1-mbar ozone mixing ratio is maximum at the winter solstice, about 10 microgram/g and is minimum at the summer solstice, about 4 microgram/g. Below 30 deg latitude the ozone is fairly constant at 4 microgram/g. Ozone variability is large in winter and spring and small in summer and fall.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; Aug. 20
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  • 97
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    Midlatitude measurements of the ionospheric electric field during the ALADDIN programme (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: Three measurements of ionospheric electric field were made during the 24-h ALADDIN rocket program at Wallops Island on June 29-30, 1974. The first of these used a double probe instrument, flown at 1500 Local Solar Time, and the second and third measurements were made by barium cloud releases at evening and morning twilight. These three electric field vectors have been compared with the predictions of a number of models of electric field due to the dynamo effects of various atmospheric tides, and also of a possible magnetospheric origin. On the assumption that the measurements were made at a location equatorward of the afternoon convergence and poleward of the morning divergence in the electric field patterns related to the Sq current system, Stening's (1973) model of the diurnal variation of the electric field induced by the (1, -2) tidal model at the time of the summer solstice correctly predicts the directions of the observed electric field. Forbes and Lindzen's (1976, 1977) model, incorporating the three major propagating tidal modes as well as the evanescent (1, -2) mode, also bears an acceptable relationship to the ALADDIN electric field directions. The ALADDIN E-field magnitudes are comparable with those obtained by ground-based observations from Millstone Hill and from Saint Santin but are about half of Stening's model values, and three times those of Forbes and Lindzen. Saint Santin E-field directions, at the same latitude but 75 deg difference in longitude, are distinctly different from ALADDIN, implying that longitudinal differences are significant.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics; 42; June 198
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  • 98
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    Supernovae effects on the terrestrial atmosphere (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The first effects of a nearby (10 parsec) supernova on the earth's atmosphere will be caused by ultraviolet radiation dissociating molecular oxygen. The event will be of about one month's duration. Several months later nuclear gamma radiation may arrive, causing a decrease in atmospheric ozone. Cosmic radiation from the supernova remnant will not intercept the earth for at least 1000 years at which time ozone will be seriously depleted. Supernova ultraviolet radiation increases column ozone and atomic oxygen. Atmospheric thermal structure is modified with a large temperature increase in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and a decrease at higher altitudes caused by enhanced heat loss due to atomic oxygen radiation and conduction.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 28; June 198
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  • 99
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    Energetics and thermal structure of the middle atmosphere (1980)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: A study of a large number of temperature measurements in the middle atmosphere shows a much more complex thermal structure of this region than described in the U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976. The mesopause height which is generally assumed to be at 80 km varies between 70 and 100 km, often with two minima in temperature at about 70 and 100 km and a maximum between 80-85 km. By solving the energy balance equation and the equations of continuity, the physical significance of the observed thermal structure is discussed in terms of the energetics of the various regions of the middle atmosphere. It is show that the solar UV radiation plays a major role only in the energy budget of the stratosphere and the lower thermosphere. The energetics of the mesosphere is primarily influenced by the dissipation of eddy energy. The temperature in the region is a good indicator of the eddy diffusivity and can be used in deriving the eddy diffusion coefficient.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Planetary and Space Science; 28; June 198
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    The effect of earth's atmosphere on contrast reduction for a nonuniform surface albedo and 'two-halves' field (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-17
    Beschreibung: The paper presents a model for contrast reduction by atmospheric haze developed for the 'two-halves' field of the earth's surface and other geometries of the earth's surface albedo. The model is based on a simplified solution of the equation of radiative transfer in two dimensions, resulting in a method for calculation of the upward zenith intensity in the atmosphere as a function of the distance from the border between the two half planes, for an unabsorbing atmosphere. The adjacency effect between two infinitesimal areas of different albedos is calculated; the resultant simplified solution is used to develop expressions for the line-spread function of the atmosphere and the modulation transfer function. The line-spread function is used to calculate the point spread function, which can be used to compute the intensity above any surface with given spatial dependence of the reflectivity.
    Schlagwort(e): GEOPHYSICS
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 85; July 20
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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