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  • Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry  (363)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (363)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1985-1989  (363)
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Schlagwörter
Verlag/Herausgeber
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (363)
  • American Chemical Society
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
Erscheinungszeitraum
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rapid in vitro activation of corpora allata by extracted locust brain allatotropic factor (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 117-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): corpora allata ; corpora cardiaca ; juvenile hormone ; allatotropin ; Locusta migratoria ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Brains of young (newly emerged) adult female locusts (Locusta migratoria migratorioides) and of mature (〉 9 days old) locusts contain an extractable allatotropic factor, soluble in 100% methanol and in distilled water. This factor stimulates juvenile hormone III (JH III) synthesis and release from corpora allata (CA) that have been excised from donor locusts and then incubated with (radiolabeled methyl)-methionine in vitro in its presence. In addition to JH III, which is the major product synthesized by the CA, other hexanesoluble, radiolabeled compounds--more polar than JH III--are also released when CA are incubated in vitro. The activation of CA by the allatotropic factor is rapid and quickly declines when the factor is removed from the medium. Corpora allata excised from young females are marginally active and can be activated by brain allatotropic factor to less of an extent than CA of mature locusts. The content of allatotropic factor in brains of mature locusts is higher than that ascertained in brains of young females. Allatotropic factor is also present in the corpora cardiaca.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020202
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of [3H]phencyclidine to membranes from housefly thoracic muscles (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 181-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): housefly muscle ; phencyclidine ; calcium channel antagonists ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The binding of [3H]phencyclidine ([3H]PCP) to a preparation of housefly thoracic muscle membranes was studied. Specific [3H]PCP binding saturated with both time and at concentrations of the radiolabeled ligand greater than 20 nM. One binding site with a KD of 10.7 nM and a Bmax of 3.9 pmol/mg protein was observed. Specific [3H]PCP binding was also readily reversible with a half-time of dissociation (t1/2) of 13.8 min and varied proportionately with tissue concentration. Of the drugs tested, specific [3H]PCP binding was inhibited by PCP analogs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, Ca2+ channel antagonists, and K+ channel blockers. [3H]PCP binding was unaffected by addition of carbamylcholine or L-glutamate in absence or presence of ATP, GTP, cAMP, or cGMP. Though the identity of the [3H]PCP binding protein in housefly muscle membranes is still unclear, it is more likely to be an ionic channel such as K+ or Ca2+ channels than a neurotransmitter receptor.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020206
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Host-plant resistance of sorghum: Differential hydrolysis of sorghum pectic substances by polysaccharases of greenbug biotypes (Schizaphis graminum, homoptera: Aphididae) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): greenbug ; Schizaphis ; biotype ; polysaccharases ; probing behavior ; cellulase ; pectinase ; sorghum ; symbiotes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Pectic substances extracted from different varieties of sorghum are hydrolyzed at differing rates by unfractionated polysaccharases isolated from two biotypes (C, GBC; and E, GBE) of the sorghum pest, Schizaphis graminum (the greenbug). A higher degree of susceptibility of a sorghum variety is associated with a greater rate of hydrolysis of sorghum pectic substances by a greenbug biotype. Increases in the specific activity of polysaccharases on the pectic substances from a resistant sorghum variety are dependent on the duration that a biotype is maintained as a colony on that variety. Polysaccharase activity of GBE on arabinogalactan was significantly greater than GBC. However, there were no differences between the biotypes on the depolymerization of a variety of other plant matrix polysaccharides and a synthetic polysaccharide. The sequence of substrates of increasing refractoriness to hydrolysis are: arabinogalactan 〈 microcrystalline cellulose 〈 xylan 〈 pectin 〈 2,3-diacetyl pectin 〈 α-1,4-galacturonan. Pectic substances from sorghum varieties resistant to GBC but susceptible to GBE are relatively lower in arabinogalactan with elevated levels of uronic acid (UA) compared to varieties susceptible to both biotypes. A sorghum variety resistant to both GBC and GBE was lowest in levels of arabinogalactan, highest in UA, and highest in fructan content, which in the other varieties occurred only in trace amounts. Pectic composition of rhamnose, xylose, and glucose showed no relationship to resistance. Bound phenolics (potential inhibitors of enzyme activity) were not detected in any of the sorghum pectic substances. The relationship of plant matrix polysaccharides to host-plant aphid biotype compatibility is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020208
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of some properties of the high-affinity juvenile hormone binding protein from the larval hemolymph of pyralid moths (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 61-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): high-affinity juvenile hormone binding protein ; hemolymph ; Pyralidae ; larval diapause ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The properties of the high-affinity low molecular weight juvenile hormone (JH) binding protein present in the hemolymph of larvae of five species of pyralid moths, a noctuid moth, and a sphingid moth were compared. The pyralid moths exhibit a facultative diapause as last-instar larvae. The species employed were the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella, the southern cornstalk borer, Diatraea crambidoides, the sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis, the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis, the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni, and the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. The binding characteristics of the proteins were determined using saturation binding assays and competitive binding assays. The dissociation constants of JH I, JH II, and JH III for the binding protein of all the species varied from 0.8 x 10-7 M to 2.8 x 10-7 M. Calibrated gel filtration showed that the binding protein of all the species had apparent molecular weights ranging from 29,000 to 31,000. Electrophoresis in 7% acrylamide gels revealed that the relative mobilities of the binding proteins ranged from 0.33 to 0.43. Isoelectric focusing showed that the binding proteins had isoelectric points between 4.4 and 5.0.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030108
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Feedback inhibition of ecdysone production by 20-hydroxyecdysone during pupal - adult metamorphosis of Mamestra configurata wlk (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 53-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): development ; ecdysteroids ; ecdysone ; feedback inhibition ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; metamorphosis ; pupa ; Mamestra configurata ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Large peaks of ecdysone (E, 2,875 ng/g live wt) and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE, 2,150 ng/g live wt) occur on days 8 and 12, respectively, of postdiapause pupal-adult metamorphosis at 20°C in the bertha armyworm, Mamestra configurata, and then decline to low levels (〈 100 ng/g live wt) prior to eclosion of the moth (50% eclosion at day 31.8). These peaks of E and 20-HE can be suppressed by treating the developing pupae with a physiological dose (2,500 ng/g live wt) of 20-HE. Suppression of E and 20-HE by 20-HE treatment was dose dependent, rapid (within 24 h of treatment) and permanent. The peaks of E and 20-HE were suppressed by 20-HE treatment on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 but the 20-HE peak was not suppressed by treatment on days 9 or 11.It is proposed that the mechanism by which 20-HE suppresses the production of E and thereby its own production forms a negative feedback loop that operates during the first 0.4 units of pupal-adult development in M. configurata. The function of the transitory peaks of E and 20-HE that form this feedback loop is currently unknown. Since most adults from pupae that had their ecdysteroid levels experimentally suppressed by 20-HE treatment were morphologically normal, it seems that the peaks of E and 20-HE have little or no function in controlling morphological development in pupae of M. configurata.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030107
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis and distribution of ecdysone and 20-OH-ecdysone in Aedes aegypti (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 19-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Aedes aegypti ; methoprene ; ecdysone ; 20-OH-ecdysone ; egg development neurosecretory hormone ; HPLC ; TLC ; vitellogenesis ; RIA ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The distribution and biosynthesis of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-OH-ecdysone) was followed in sugar- and blood-fed female Aedes aegypti. In both sugar- and early blood-fed animals most of the ecdysteroid determined by radioimmunoassay was found outside the ovary. Twenty-four to 40 h after blood feeding, however, ecdysteroid was distributed between ovary and carcass in the ratio of 1:1.5. Ecdysteroid titer reached a plateau between 18 to 40 h after the blood meal and decreased thereafter. Analysis of the ecdysteroid titer using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that both 20-OH-ecdysone and ecdysone were synthesized after the blood meal. The ratio of 20-OH-ecdysone to ecdysone remained essentially constant and fluctuated in parallel throughout egg development. Chromatography of the early ecdysteroid peak (8 h after feeding) using TLC and HPLC indicated that although it cross-reacted with ecdysteroid antibodies, it did not have the same elution times as ecdysone and 20-OH-ecdysone and is, therefore, probably a precursor of these ecdysteroids. Injections of egg development neurosecretory hormone (EDNH) preparation purified to near homogeneity, into ligated abdomens, induced ecdysteroid synthesis only if the abdomens were first treated with methoprene (12.5 pg). Methoprene at this concentration did not stimulate ecdysteroid synthesis in these abdomens. When blood-fed females were treated with [4-14C] cholesterol and analyzed using TLC and HPLC procedures, both [14C]labeled ecdysone and [14C]labeled 20-OH-ecdysone were synthesized in the ratio of 1:1.5. This report is the first to show that both ecdysone and 20-OH-ecdysone are synthesized in vivo in female A. aegypti.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030104
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of hydrocarbon biosynthesis in the housefly by 2-Octadecynoate (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 75-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): hydrocarbon biosynthesis ; 2-octadecynoate ; housefly ; fatty acid synthetase ; fatty acid elongation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The elongation of [9,10-3H]oleoyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to form 20, 22, and 24 carbon monounsaturated fatty acids was demonstrated in housefly microsomes by radio-GLC. These elongation reactions, which have been postulated to be involved in hydrocarbon biosynthesis, have not been previously demonstrated in insects. 2-Octadecynoate (18:1 Δ2=) inhibited the in vivo incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into both fatty acids and hydrocarbons in a dose-dependent manner. At doses of 10 μg per female housefly of the alkynoic acid, the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into hydrocarbon was inhibited 93%, the incorporation of [9,10-3H]oleate into hydrocarbon was inhibited 64%, and the incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into total internal lipid was inhibited 65%. Partially purified FAS was inhibited 50% and 95% at 15 μM and 40 μM, respectively, of the alkynoic acid. These results show that 2-octadecynoate inhibits hydrocarbon biosynthesis in the housefly by inhibiting FAS, and the in vivo data suggest that the elongation of 18:1 to longer chain fatty acids is also inhibited.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030109
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Partial characterization of a major gut thiol proteinase from larvae of Callosobruchus maculatus F. (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 561-575 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Callosobruchus maculatus ; proteinase inhibitors ; thiol digestive proteinase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Much of the proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of Callosobruchus maculatus larvae can be attributed to a thiol proteinase(s) that hydrolyzes [3H]methemoglobin optimally at pH 5.0. Maximal hydrolysis of [3H]methemoglobin, [3H]alpha-casein, and N-benzoyl-DL-arginine napthylamide-(BANA) required the presence of thiol reducing agents. Larval gut proteinase activity was strongly inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid (pHMB), Nethylmaleimide (NEM), and iodoacetic acid (IAA) but was unaffected by the Bowman-Birk and Kunitz proteinase inhibitors from soybeans or by lima bean trypsin inhibitor. L-Trans-epoxysuccinyl-leucylamido-(4-guanidino)-butane (E-64), a specific inhibitor of thiol proteinases, potently inhibited proteolysis of [3H]methemoglobin by larval gut homogenates. Proteolytic activity in the larval gut was located in the lumen contents and thus appears to play a major role in extracellular digestion. The pH of the larval midgut is slightly acidic, and midgut contents exhibit a negative redox potential, conditions supporting the activity of a thiol proteinase. The significance of these findings is discussed with reference to the vulnerability of this digestive proteinase as a target for existing or genetically engineered plant chemical defenses.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030607
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of insect gene expression July 18-20, 1985 (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 3-5 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030703
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Subcellular location of phosphoproteins in salivary glands of the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (L.) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 5 (1987), S. 29-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cyclic AMP ; protein phosphorylation ; subcellular fractionation ; tick salivary glands ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Phosphoproteins were examined by electrophoresis and autoradiography in fractions of tick salivary glands. When whole salivary glands were preincubated in 32Pi, then stimulated by 10 μM dopamine and subsequently fractionated, substantial phosphate was incorporated into 45,000-, 47,000-, and 62,000-dalton proteins of the plasma membrane-rich 11,500g pellet and 100,000g supernatant. When tissue homogenates were incubated in [γ-32P] ATP prior to subcellular fractionation, the 62,000-, 47,000-, and 45,000-dalton proteins were enhanced by cyclic AMP in all fractions and were most prominent in the membrane-rich 11,500g fraction. Phosphoproteins of the same molecular masses were also found in the 11,500g pellet and 100,000g supernatant when labelled with [γ-32P] ATP in the presence of cAMP.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940050104
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    20-Hydroxyecdysone and ovarian maturation in the firebrat Thermobia domestica (Thysanura: Lepismatidae) (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 7 (1988), S. 281-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): previtellogenesis ; molting cycles ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of 20-hydroxyecdysone on ovary maturation in the firebrat Thermobia domestica were investigated by in vivo injections of different doses of the hormone on various days of the reproductive cycle. Several females were neck-ligated or treated with precocene II before injection. Experiments were also performed on ovarioles incubated in vitro. It was demonstrated that 20-hydroxyecdysone has direct and dose-dependent effects on the ovary, inducing growth of all the previtellogenic follicles whatever the day of the reproductive cycle, except at times when the ovaries contain follicles undergoing choriogenesis. The major effect of the hormone is the stimulation of young-follicle formation in the anterior part of the previtellarium and the accelerated growth of a set of basal previtellogenic follicles, which reach the critical size required for yolk deposition. However, 20-hydroxyecdysone did not induce cellular differentiation, in particular, the enlargement of the perioocyte space and the development of oocyte microvilli, which normally occur before yolk precursor incorporation. The present results give a better understanding of the temporal relationships between molting and reproductive cycles and also explain the periodicity of ovarian maturation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940070406
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dose-dependent influence of Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus on the development and ecdysteroid titers of last-instar Heliothis virescens larvae (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988), S. 113-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect viruses ; parasitoid ; prothoracic glands ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Campoletis sonorensis calyx fluid arrests the development of last-instar Heliothis virescens larvae and is associated with the gross degeneration of the host's prothoracic glands. Through manipulations of ovary supernatant, Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) was found to be the only component of calyx fluid responsible for causing host developmental arrest. Venom from C. sonorensis had no effect on host development. Suspensions of CsV were quantified, and various doses were injected into last-instar hosts. The percentage of larvae developmentally arrested was dose dependent. In addition, larvae not arrested by injection with CsV suspensions were developmentally delayed in a dose-dependent manner. Hosts were delayed in the stage in which they were injected and, after recovery, developed at normal rates. Measurements by radioimmunoassay indicated that developmental delay was due to a suppression of ecdysteroid titers. After a dose-dependent period of suppression, hemolymph ecdysteroid titers recovered and reached titers comparable to those observed in saline-injected controls. Examination of prothoracic glands from developmentally delayed larvae revealed that partial degeneration occurred. Comparisons of the number and mean size of surviving gland cells and the length of developmental delay suggested that surviving gland cells may compensate for degenerated cells by increasing their ecdysone production.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080205
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neuroparsin: A new energetic neurohormone in the African locust (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988), S. 135-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Locusta migratoria ; neuroparsin ; corpora cardiaca ; trehalose ; glycogen ; lipid ; adipokinetic hormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of neuroparsins on hemolymph trehalose and lipid levels and on total glycogen content were analyzed in Locusta migratoria. Saline and methanol extracts of the two lobes of the corpora cardiaca were assayed. Neuroparsins (A and B) were demonstrated to be hypertrehalosemic and hyperlipemic proteins of the neural lobe. Both of these metabolic activities of neuroparsins were somewhat less potent than those of adipokinetic hormone (AKH). Neuroparsin activity could be distinguished from AKH by blockage with an antiserum specific to neuroparsin. The hypertrehalosemic response induced by neuroparsins, in contrast to that of AKH, appeared to occur without a decrease of total glycogen content. The differential modes of action of AKH and neuroparsins could contribute to the fine modulation of carbohydrate metabolism in Locusta migratoria.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080207
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080401
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Quantitative determination of trypsinlike and chymotrypsinlike enzymes in insects (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988), S. 249-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): DFP ; DIP derivatives ; electrophoresis ; fluorography ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A quantitative and highly specific assay for the determination of trypsinlike and chymotrypsinlike enzymes in insects has been developed. The assay is based on the specific binding of [1,3-3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate to trypsinlike and chymotrypsinlike enzymes. Trypsinlike enzymes can be determined specifically in the presence of 10 mM TPCK (tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone; chymotrypsin inhibitor) and chymotrypsinlike enzymes can be determined in the presence of 10 mM TLCK (tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone HCI; trypsin inhibitor). The assay can easily detect 65 ng of either trypsinlike or chymotrypsinlike enzymes in midgut homogenates or whole extracts of many insect species. Using this assay, we have determined the amount of trypsinlike equivalents in Phlebotomus papatasi, Pediculus humanus, Stomoxys calcitrans, Musca domestica, Leishmania major promastigotes, Aedes aegypti, Culex nigripalpus, Culex quinquefasciatus, and Culicoides variipennis. No trypsinlike equivalents were found in Rhodnius prolixus or Ornithodoros moubata. The assay is useful for comparative studies and can be expanded for use as an electrophoretic fluorographic tool in the study of trypsinlike and chymotrypsinlike isozymes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080406
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Gene structure, cDNA sequence, and developmental regulation of a low molecular weight hemolymph protein from Locusta migratoria (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988), S. 203-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): fat body ; insect gene ; juvenile hormone ; locust ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: From a Locusta migratoria genomic DNA library, a gene has been isolated that codes for a previously unrecognized hemolymph protein of Mr = 19,000, designated 19k protein. The gene has at least five exons, extending over about 9 kb of DNA. Its polypeptide product, obtained by cell-free translation of mRNA selected from adult fat body RNA by hybridization with the cloned DNA, is precipitated by antiserum against a low molecular weight hemolymph protein fraction. The mature protein product has been purified from locust hemolymph, and an N-terminal sequence of 20 amino acids has been determined. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, this protein comigrates with apolipophorin III, from which it was previously not distinguished, but it is clearly distinct by amino acid composition and sequence. The genomic clone was used as a probe to isolate a fat body cDNA clone of the 19k protein mRNA. The 938-base pair cDNA clone contains a 516-base pair open reading frame. The deduced 172-amino acid polypeptide includes an apparent signal peptide, a sequence of four amino acids that may represent a prosegment, and a sequence identical (with a single exception, which may reflect polymorphism) with the N-terminal sequence of the hemolymph protein. Its mRNA occurs at a low level in late larval fat body, is abundant in the newly eclosed adult, then declines to a low level, and rises again at days 8-10; it is greatly reduced after destruction of the corpora allata with precocene and then is elevated after treatment with methoprene, suggesting stimulation by juvenile hormone. The biological role of 19k protein is unknown.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080402
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Characterization of proteolytic enzymes of the midgut and excreta of the biting fly Stomoxys calcitrans (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 145-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): trypsin ; proteases ; fly trypsin inhibitor ; midgut ; Stomoxys calcitrans ; pH optima ; blood digestion ; TAME ; hide powder azure ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Proteolytic enzymes were characterized in the midgut and the excreta of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L) with proteins, synthetic substrates, and inhibitors. Inhibition studies suggested trypsinlike activity in sugar-fed fly midguts, whereas excreta and blood-fed fly guts exhibited other proteases.Trypsinlike activity in midguts removed 20 and 30 h after a blood meal increased from 20% to 50% of the total proteolytic enzymes present. Trypsinlike activity was inhibited with human sera, trypsin-specific inhibitors, and a protein isolated from the stable fly thorax. When human albumin and globulin fractions were incubated with trypsinlike enzymes isolated from the midgut and excreta, the albumin fraction was less inhibitory than the globulin fractions and was readily hydrolyzed by the proteolytic enzymes. These results may indicate that the proteolytic enzymes produce an abortive complex with the globulin fractions of the sera. Such a complex may explain the temporary inhibition of proteolysis by the blood meal.Soybean trypsin inhibitor fed to stable flies caused 50% inhibition in proteolytic activity in the midguts of sugar-fed stable flies and 25% inhibition in the midguts of blood-fed stable flies. Complete inhibition of proteolytic enzyme activity was achieved only in vitro.pH profiles of proteolytic enzyme activity isolated from the excreta of blood-fed stable flies indicated that several proteolytic enzymes were excreted.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020204
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase activity in imaginal discs of Manduca sexta prepupae (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 191-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase ; juvenile hormone acid ; juvenile hormone ; imaginal disc ; Manduca sexta ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The occurrence of a peak of juvenile hormone (JH) during the prepupal period has been noted in several lepidopterans. In Manduca sexta and Hyalophora cecropia this peak is known to prevent the precocious onset of adult differentiation in imaginal tissues. However, it has previously been observed in our laboratory that corpora allata (CA) of this age are incapable of making JH owing to a lack of the terminal synthetic enzyme, juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase (JHAMT). Since the CA are required for normal pupation, it is likely that JH acid is the product released by the prepupal CA. Therefore, we analyzed whether JH acid treatment would prevent precocious adultoid differentiation in allatectomized M. sexta larvae. JH acid injections were found to be as effective as JH in normalizing pupation, and acted in a time- and dose-dependent manner. This finding led to a question of whether injected or endogenous JH acid could be methylated to JH. Homogenates of several tissues from prepupae were assayed for the presence of JHAMT. Of the tissues assayed, only imaginal discs possessed significant levels of the enzyme. These results support our previously proposed mechanism for production of the prepupal JH peak in M. sexta.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020207
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Identification and characterization of a novel postlarval hemolymph protein from Manduca sexta (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Manduca sexta ; hemolymph ; postlarval ; protein ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The identification, purification and characterization of a new postlarval specific hemolymph protein from Manduca sexta is described. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into Manduca sexta hemolymph proteins in vivo was investigated as a function of development. A major protein band of Mr ≈ 50,000 was highly labeled during the prepupal and adult stage but not in feeding larvae. This postlarval protein (PLP) was isolated from adult male hemolymph and its chemical and immunological properties determined. PLP is a basic protein (pI ∼8.6). Electrophoresis under denaturing conditions reveals a subunit Mr ≈ 50,000 while the native protein has an apparent Mr ∼ 85,000 by gel permeation chromatography. Anti-PLP serum recognized PLP but not other hemolymph proteins on immunoblots. In vitro translation of fat body mRNA followed by immunoprecipitation revealed that fat body is the site of PLP synthesis. Quantitation of PLP levels in hemolymph throughout development was performed and suggests PLP may play a role in adult development of M. sexta.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090202
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inositol phospholipid hydrolysis may mediate the action of proctolin on insect visceral muscle (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 201-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): inositol phosphates ; phorbol esters ; diacylglycerol analogue ; oviduct ; locust ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The formation of inositol phosphates in response to the neuropeptide proctolin was studied in locust oviducts. Glycerophosphoinositol, inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate were identified in the locust oviducts using anion-exchange chromatography. Proctolin stimulated the release of inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate during a 5-min incubation. In the presence of lithium ions the effects of proctolin were enhanced, with elevations of 98%, 42%, and 45% of inositol 1-phosphate, inositol 1,4-bisphosphate, and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, respectively.Physiologically the effects of proctolin upon muscular contraction of locust oviducts were mimicked by the active phorbol ester, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and by the diacylglycerol analogue, 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol. The inactive phorbol ester, 12-myristate 13-acetate 4-O-methyl ether, was without effect. The effects of the active phorbol ester and the diacylglycerol analogue were calcium-dependent requiring micromolar concentrations of calcium.The results indicate that the locust oviducts possess proctolin receptors that are linked to phosphatidylinositol metabolism and that inositol phospholipid hydrolysis may mediate the physiological action of proctolin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090304
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Polypeptide composition and biosynthesis of the yolk proteins in the firebrat, Thermobia domestica (insecta, thysanura) (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 299-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): polypeptides ; immunology ; pulse-chase ; processing ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ion-exchange chromatography of crude ovarian extracts of the primitive insect Thermobia domestica allowed the separation, in native conditions, of major and minor vitellins of molecular weights of 300,000 and 430,000, respectively. Their polypeptide subunits were determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunotransfer using an antiserum prepared against major vitellin. This protein was resolved into large (Mr 166,000-212,000) and small (around Mr 50,000) polypeptides. Minor vitellin, on the other hand, exclusively contained small polypeptides that are immunologically different from those of the major vitellin. Vitellogenin polypeptides from the hemolymph of mature females exhibited electrophoretic mobilities and immunological properties similar to vitellin polypeptides. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the female fat body synthesizes radioactive and immunoprecipitable proteins, whose polypeptide pattern is close to that of the major vitellogenin. However, part of the primary vitellogenic polypeptides, at Mr 210,000 and 212,000, is rapidly processed to Mr 176,000 and 182,000 subunits. These two polypeptides, as well as the precursors, enter into the composition of the major hemolymph vitellogenin. Finally, processing of the still uncleaved 210,000-212,000 polypeptides takes place in the ovary, which performs the same step of vitellogenin maturation as the fat body.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090405
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Adsorptive endocytosis of vitellogenin, lipophorin, and microvitellogenin during yolk formation in Hyalophora (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 339-355 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cecropia ; hemolymph proteins ; inulin ; vitellogenesis ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Yolk in Hyalophora cecropia is a mixture of proteins that are derived from the extracellular medium. We have measured for five of these proteins the number of moles deposited in each egg, the molarity of their precursors in the hemolymph at a midpoint in vitellogenesis (day 18 of adult development), and the degree to which they are concentrated by the oocyte, relative to inulin. The proteins were isolated by gel permeation and ion exchange chromatography and used to generate antibodies in rabbits. Preliminary studies established that yolk proteins are essentially quantitatively extractable in media suitable for measuring antigen concentrations by precipitation with antibodies and that yolk and hemolymph forms of the five proteins have, effectively, the same antibody-binding specificities as the isolated standards. Content per egg was about 900 pmol for vitellogenin, 600 pmol for microvitellogenin, and 300 pmol for lipophorin. By contrast, two hemolymph storage hexamers, arylphorin and a flavoprotein, occurred at less than 3 pmol per egg. In principle, yolk precursors are taken in both as solutes in the fluid phase of the endocytotic vesicles and as ligands adsorbed to vesicle membranes. Measurements of inulin uptake indicated that fluid phase endocytosis could account for only 4% of vitellogenin, 1% of microvitellogenin, and 15% of lipophorin in the yolk, when hemolymph precursors are at their day 18 concentrations. By the same comparison, arylphorin and flavoprotein appear to be excluded from the yolk, relative to inulin.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090408
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus venom proteins: Analysis of their potential role and processing during development of host Trichoplusia ni (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chelonus ; venom proteins ; parasitization ; Trichoplusia ni ; venom antiserum ; parasite oviposition ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The venom that Chelonus sp. near curvimaculatus injects into each parasitized Trichoplusia ni egg is entirely injected within the first 8 s of the 19-s oviposition period, before deposition of the parasitoid egg that is injected during the final 1-2 s of the oviposition. The parasitization factor, causing precocious metamorphosis of the host, is injected after the venom, but before the parasite egg. The venom by itself does not cause developmental redirection of the host. Chelonus venom proteins are very stable in the host egg during the first 2 days of egg development. Then, on the last day before hatching, they are rapidly degraded by the proteolytic enzymes appearing in 3-day-old T. ni eggs. Among those that degrade the venom proteins are serine-type proteinases, and at least one seems to be a trypsin-like enzyme.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100102
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Canalization of the redbanded leafroller mothArgyrotaenia velutinana (Walker), Lepidoptera: Tortricidae. sex pheromone blend (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Argyrotaenia velutinana ; selection ; (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ; (E)-9-dodecenyl acetate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Previous attempts to shift the (Z)-11-/(E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate ratio of pheromone components in the redbanded leafroller moth (RBLR), Argyrotaenia velutinana, by several selection protocols showed that this ratio is strongly canalized. Analysis of the complete seven-component blend, however, showed that a Geneva laboratory stock of RBLR had a lower percent (20%) of the E9-12:OAc minor component compared to the E11-14:OAc component than a population of RBLR from North Carolina (31%). Hybrid populations from these two cultures were used in a two-way family truncation selection scheme in which families were selected for either the lowest (low line) or the highest (high line) ratio of E9-12:OAc/E11-14:OAc. After three generations of selection, the low line had 14% E9-12:OAc relative to E11-14:OAc and the high line had 42%. The selection pressure was removed in generations 4-9, and the low line remained unchanged at 14% E9-12:OAc; but in the high line, it drifted to 53%.Studies were conducted to estimate heritability and realized heritability. The realized heritability calculated for each generation of selection averaged 1.14 for the low line and 1.50 for the high line. These calculations, along with estimated heritability values of 0.416 and 0.644 for reciprocal crosses, indicate some plasticity in the E9-12:OAc/E11-14:OAc ratio. This ratio was positively correlated to the total amount of 12-carbon components to 14-carbon components, but was negatively correlated to the Z/E ratio of Δ11-tetradecenylacetates.The results of two studies on the canalization of various components of the RBLR sex pheromone blend indicate that there is limited potential in this insect for manipulation of the blend ratios in the laboratory.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100107
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Storage proteins of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea drury (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 115-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): hemolymph ; fat body ; yolk protein ; vitellogenin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Two storage proteins, storage protein-1 (SP1) and storage protein-2 (SP2), were found in hemolymph and fat body during the development of Hyphantria cunea, the fall webworm. Both storage proteins show similiar quantitative changes during development in males and females; however, SP1 is more abundant. The hemolymph of last instar larvae contains high concentrations of the storage proteins. However, following pupation, the storage proteins accumulate in fat bodies. SP1 peaks in the hemolymph of males and females late in last instar larvae (8-day-old 7th instar larvae).SP1 has a native molecular weight of 460,000 and consists of six identical subunits (Mr = 76,700), while SP2 has a molecular weight of 450,000 and is composed of two different subunits (Mr = 74,100 and 72,400). Both SP1 and SP2 are hexamers and are phosphorylated glycolipoproteins. The pl values of SP1 and SP2 were determined to be 5.70 and 5.50, respectively.Antibodies raised against SP1 react positively with vitellogenin and ovary extract, as well as with proteins in the hemolymph from last instar larvae and proteins in pupal fat bodies. Storage protein synthesis starts in fat bodies of a 4-day-old 7th instar larvae and in female peaks at 6-8 days of the 7th instar.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100203
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone blend of Manduca sexta: Responses of central olfactory interneurons to antennal stimulation in male moths (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 281-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): antennal lobe ; electrophysiology ; olfaction ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Recently, chemical analysis of solvent rinses of the external surfaces of pheromone glands from female Manduca sexta revealed a blend of 12 aldehydes, including the previously identified sex pheromone component, (E,Z)-10,12-hexadecadienal (bombykal). Previous electrophysiological studies showed that olfactory (deutocerebral) interneurons in the antennal lobes of males exhibited a wide range of responsiveness to pheromonal stimulation of the ipsilateral antenna. These experiments were performed with crude extracts of pheromone glands as well as two synthetic compounds: the major pheromone component, bombykal, and (E,Z)-11,13-pentadecadienal, a mimic of a second component of the female's pheromone blend. Using intracellular methods, we have now reexamined similar olfactory interneurons, using each of the 12 chemically identified components as well as synthetic blends of various combinations of them. Eight of the 12 components isolated from female glands elicited some form of response in olfactory interneurons in males. In accordance with biochemical and behavioral data, the most potent are bombykal and two trienals, (E,E,E)- and (E,E,Z)-10,12,14-hexadecatrienal. We also conclude that the C15 dienal is selective for one of the trienal receptors on the antenna, but is much less potent than the natural trienal stimulant.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100404
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110101
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The paradigm of stage-specific gene sets in insect metamorphosis: Time for revision! (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): metamorphosis ; cuticular proteins ; juvenile hormone ; alcohol dehydrogenase ; Drosophila melanogaster ; gene sets ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Students of insect metamorphosis have in the past accepted the paradigm that the structures of different metamorphic stages are built from molecules coded for by different sets of genes. A substantial body of evidence, based on cuticular proteins, has now accumulated that casts doubt on that paradigm. This paper summarizes the evidence and provides a new framework for viewing the activities of genes during metamorphosis.Studies on promoter utilization for alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster reveal that cells change promoters at the onset of metamorphosis. These data suggest that modifications of regulatory elements rather than duplications of structural genes may have occurred to permit the evolution of metamorphosis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030707
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of cockroach oothecin synthesis by juvenile hormone (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 59-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): gene expression ; chorion ; homology ; cockroach ; oothecin ; juvenile hormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Control of specific protein synthesis by juvenile hormone during sexual maturation and reproduction is being studied in the left colleterial gland of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. Rates of specific oothecin synthesis and oothecin mRNA concentrations have been measured during sexual maturation and the effects of allatectomy and administration of juvenile hormone determined. The heterogeneity of the oothecins has been characterized and found to be due probably to a multiplicity of structural genes. The complete primary structure of the major oothecin has been deduced from the sequences of cloned cDNAS. It can be divided into a central region and two flanking arms that share sequence features. The structures of the oothecins show strong homologies with the silkmoth chorion proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030708
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activation of storage protein receptor by 20-hydroxyecdysone (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 105-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Sarcophaga ; fat body ; membrane ; pupation ; cycloheximide ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A storage protein receptor was shown to be present in membranes of the pupal fat body of Sarcophaga peregrina, whereas membranes of the larval fat body contained a cryptic receptor. The molting hormone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, was essential for activation of the cryptic receptor to bind and incorporate the storage protein. The active receptor in the pupal fat body membrane was a protein with a molecular mass of 120-kdaltons. It was found that a 125-kdalton protein, a cryptic receptor for storage protein, present in the larval fat body membrane was converted to an active receptor in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone, without accompanying appreciable new protein synthesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 14 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030712
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pupariation in flies: A tool for monitoring effects of drugs, venoms, and other neurotoxic compounds (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 29-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): pharmacology ; Sarcophaga bullata ; hemocoelic pressure ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A complex Sarcophaga bullata pupariation assay was used to evaluate the neurotropic effects of several drugs, venoms, and insecticides. The assay consists of tests for (1) immediate effects on the intact larva, (2) effects on ligated (ie, isolated from the central nervous system) larval abdomens, (3) morphogenetic effects on the puparium, and (4) effects on stereotyped pupariation behavior. The latter are monitored barographically by recording changes in hemocoelic pressure. Of 62 compounds screened, 18 showed morphogenetic activity at a threshold dose of 5 μg or less, 11 at a dose of 50 μg, four at a dose of 100 μg, and 29 showed no morphogenetic activity. From a comparison of the putative pharmacological actions of the tested compounds with their morphogenetic effects, certain generalizations can be made: Agents that paralyze neuromuscular systems at the peripheral level (eg, tetrodotoxin), or suppress or modify basic motor patterns centrally (eg, veratrine sulphate), cause retention of larval morphological characters in the puparium. Compounds that stimulate convulsive contractions of segmental musculature (mostly cholinergic drugs like eserine sulphate, nicotine, organophosphate insecticides) cause retention of larval segmentation on longitudinally contracted puparia. Five compounds (venom of the scorpion, Leirus quinquestriatus, pyrethrins, protoveratrine A, and kainic and quisqualic acids) stimulate musculature of the denervated abdomen. Barographic monitoring of changes in pupariation behavior appears to be a most sensitive and informative test. It reveals great differences in the ways in which compounds producing seemingly identical morphogenetic effects affect and modify behavior, thus making pharmacological classification more accurate.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040104
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some macromolecular abnormalities developed by the interaction of malathion and permethrin and subsequent refeeding in Tribolium castaneum larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 203-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): acetylcholine esterase ; protein ; carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of sublethal treatments of malathion and malathion + permethrin combinations on activities of acetylcholine esterase (ChE), carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes (amylase; lactate dehydrogenase, LDH), protein-metabolizing enzymes (alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, ALAT, ASAT), as well as acid and basic phosphatases (AcP and AkP, respectively), and Kreb's cycle enzymes (isocitrate dehydrogenase, ICDH) were studied on sixth instar larvae of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. In addition, the levels of lipid, cholesterol, glucose, glycogen, proteins, free amino acids (FAA), urea, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) were determined. Malathion (400 ppm) increased the activity of LDH (53%), as well as the concentrations of FAA (31%) and urea (39%). Malathion treatments of 400 ppm decreased the glucose (20%) and glycogen (24%) content but did not affect other enzymes and biochemical components. Permethrin (200 ppm) and malathion (20 ppm) mixtures increased the activities of ChE (708%) and LDH (55%), and raised the concentrations of FAA (26%), urea (24%), glucose (23%), lipid (14%), cholesterol (21%), DNA (24%), and RNA (8%). The decrease in AcP activity and in glycogen concentration observed with malathion was sustained by permethrin in the mixture. Permethrin + malathion mixtures also depressed the levels of AkP (30%), ICDH (24%), and glycogen (36%). The intensity of effects commensurated with the dose and duration of insecticide exposure. Refeeding showed tendencies towards normalization of various biochemical parameters.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110402
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stimulating action of methyl 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoate on in vitro juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in blattella germanica (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 257-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): German cockroach ; corpora allata ; farnesoic acid ; 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoic acid ; 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesol ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Methyl 12, 12, 12-trifluorofarnesoate (MTFF) at a dose of 10 μM, stimulated in vitro juvenile hormone (JH) release in corpora allata (CA) from 6-day-old, freshly ecdysed, and 8-day-old (period of ootheca transport) adult virgin females of Blattella germanica. In addition, MTFF also induced intraglandular accumulation of JH and MF in treated CA. Trifluorofarnesoic acid (TFFA) and trifluorofarnesol (TFF) exhibited the same properties, although to a lesser extent than MTFF. The detection of MTFF in TFFA-treated CA suggested that TFFA and TFF were biotransformed into MTFF by the CA enzymatic system and that this ester might be responsible for the activity observed. Equivalent experiments carried out with farnesoic acid (FA) resulted in a more significant stimulation of JH production. This is not surprising, because exogenous FA is readily epoxidized at C10-C11 double bond and methylated to afford JH. Conversely, analytical data have shown that the C6-C7 double bond of MTFF is epoxidized by the CA enzymatic system, whereas that at C10-C11 remains practically unaltered.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110406
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microplitis croceipes teratocytes cause developmental arrest of Heliothis virescens larvae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): tobacco budworm ; Braconidae ; trophoserosa cells ; juvenile hormone esterase ; polydnavirus ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Microplitis croceipes teratocytes placed into nonparasitized Heliothis virescens larvae survived in the absence of a parasitoid larva and caused developmental changes in the host. Expressions of these changes included delayed larval mortality, incomplete larval-pupal ecdysis, or delayed pupation. Two day old 4th stadium H. virescens larvae were more sensitive to injected teratocytes than were 5th stadium larvae. Three day old teratocytes were more effective than were 6 day old teratocytes. The degree of response was related to the number of injected teratocytes. For example, 750 three day old teratocytes (the approximate number from a single parasitoid egg) caused delayed larval mortality in 96% of the treated larvae whereas 175 three day old teratocytes caused delayed larval mortality in only 33% of the treated larvae. Even a dose of 80 teratocytes resulted in 15% incomplete larval-pupal ecdysis compared to 0% for controls. Treatment with hemocyte-and teratocyte-free hemolymph from parasitized larvae, hemocytes from nonparasitized H. virescens, unfertilized M. croceipes eggs, Cotesia congregata teratocytes, or Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells all had very little effect either on larval growth or development time.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120105
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Membrane binding and uptake of diflubenzuron in a cell line from Manduca sexta (L.)This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of a pesticide in this paper does not constitute a recommendation by the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor does it imply registration under FIFRA. (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 169-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect growth regulators ; binding ; plasma membrane ; chitin ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The binding and accumulation of the chitin synthesis inhibitor diflubenzuron (DFB) by a cell line derived from embryonic tissue of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), was analyzed. A rapid and reversible binding to viable and nonviable cells suspended in the culture medium was observed at soluble concentrations of DFB for short exposure periods. Scatchard analysis gave no indication of a saturable uptake mechanism. The DFB-binding capacity of intact cells was found to be similar to that of a crude membrane preparation (70,000g pellet); however, plasma membrane-enriched fractions bound almost three times as much DFB as the homogenate. Repetitive shorttime incubations (up to 3 h) of suspended cells with DFB resulted in a stepwise intracellular accumulation of DFB. Treatment of growing cells with DFB at high concentrations (50 μM) of DFB for longer periods (up to 7 days) resulted in elevated intracellular accumulation of DFB, which exceeded the binding capacity of the cell membranes and the aqueous solubility of DFB. These results indicate that the intracellular crystals detected by transmission electron microscopy are precipitated DFB. No metabolites or other chemically modified products of intracellular DFB were detected by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) after a 7-day incubation.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040303
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of the brain and corpus cardiacum on egg production in Rhodnius prolixus (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): corpus allatum ; juvenile hormone ; neurohormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using total egg production corrected for size of blood meal as an index of the activity of the corpus allatum (CA), the effects of various surgical manipulations of the neuroendocrine system have been examined. Isolation of the CA from its nervous connections increases egg production well beyond that of a normal insect, thus confirming that the CA is at least partly controlled by inhibitory nerves from the brain. Removal of the corpora cardiaca (CC) reduces the level of this increased egg production, and decapitation anterior to the CC results in a level of egg production that is greater than that found in females decapitated between the CA and CC. Implanting a CC together with a CA into a decapitated female results in a higher egg production than implanting a CA alone. These results demonstrate that an allatotropic influence is exerted by the CC. Experiments designed to examine the role of the brain were inconclusive and did not eliminate the possibility that the allatotropin from the CC originated in the brain.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040402
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Variation in thickness and protein content of the cuticle of the female of Glossina austeni (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 287-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): protein synthesis ; tsetse ; insect nutrition ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The thickness and total protein content of the ventral abdominal cuticle of the female tsetse, Glossina austeni, increase during the early part of each pregnancy cycle, reaching a maximum at approximately 2 days after ovulation. They decrease thereafter, and reach a minimum value just before larviposition. Virgin females do not exhibit a cycle of protein content or thickness in the cuticle. Preliminary data on the incorporation of [3H]tyrosine or [3H]leucine into the water-soluble proteins of the ventral abdominal cuticle at the time of the second larviposition suggest that there is rapid turnover of protein in the cuticle at this time. These observations are consistent with the net storage of protein in the cuticle during the early part of pregnancy cycle followed by a net depletion of that store as the nutritional demands of the rapidly growing larva in utero exceed the capacity of the ingested blood meals to supply them.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040406
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Erratum (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 324-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040409
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 5 (1987) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940050101
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Permethrin- and malathion-induced macromolecular abnormalities in adult Tribolium castaneum (herbst) (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 5 (1987), S. 45-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): antagonistic effects of insecticides organophosphate ; red flour beetle ; synthetic pyrethroid ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In Tribolium castaneum adults, sublethal doses of 1 and 2 ppm permethrin and 300 ppm malathion led to significant changes in amylase, trehalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities. Malathion at 150 ppm did not affect phosphatases and lactate dehydrogenase. Both malathion and permethrin significantly increased cholinesterase activity. Mixing of the two insecticides resulted in antagonistic action with reference to various enzymatic activities. Glucose and glycogen contents were at first mobilized for energy supply under insecticidal stress conditions followed by lipid and cholesterol. Soluble protein, total protein, free amino acids, and urea contents remained unaltered under all experimental conditions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940050105
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Relationship between the fatty acids of fat body triacylglycerol and lipophorin diacylglycerol of non-diapause and diapause larvae of the southwestern corn borer, Diatraea grandiosella (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 123-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): larval diapause ; juvenile hormone analog ; hemolymph ; palmitate ; palmitoleate ; oleate ; linoleate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The fatty acids of the triacylglycerol reserves in the fat body and of the diacylglycerol of lipophorin in the hemolymph of non-diapause and diapause larvae of D. grandiosella were compared. For both non-diapause and diapause larvae palmitate, palmitoleate, oleate, and linoleate were the predominant fatty acids present in fatty body triacylglycerol, and palmitate, oleate, and linoleate were the predominant fatty acids present in lipophorin diacylglycerol. However, differences were detected in the relative amounts of oleate and linoleate present in lipophorin diacylglycerol of non-diapause and diapause larvae. The relative amount of linoleate in lipophorin diacylglycerol declined during diapause, whereas that of oleate remained relatively high during diapause. The fatty acid profile of lipophorin diacylglycerol from non-diapause larvae treated with a juvenile hormone analog to induce a diapause-like state more closely matched that of diapause larvae than that of non-diapause larvae. The differences detected in the fatty acid composition of lipophorin diacylglycerol in non-diapause and diapause larvae appear to be due mainly to the different physiological states rather than to the different rearing temperatures employed. The results are discussed in relation to the essential role fatty acids, especially oleate, play in the survival of diapause larvae.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120206
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inhibition of juvenile hormone III biosynthesis in cockroach corpora allata by interference with the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 5 (1987), S. 179-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone synthesis ; S-adenosylmethionine ; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The synthesis of juvenile hormone-III by corpora allata of the cockroach Diploptera punctata is dependent under in vitro conditions upon a supply of exogenous methionine. Radiolabelled S-adenosylmethionine was identified by HPLC in extracts of corpora allata incubated with either [methyl-3H]methionine or [35S]methionine. Juvenile hormone (JH) synthesis by intact glands in vitro was inhibited by cycloleucine and selenomethionine, but this inhibition could be relieved by increasing the concentration of methionine. S-adenosylhomocysteine or sinefungin had little or no inhibitory effect on JH synthesis by intact glands, but 5′-deoxy-5′-methylthioadenosine was inhibitory. Adenosine and homocysteine synergistically inhibited JH synthesis. These results show that JH-III synthesis by intact glands can be inhibited by interfering with the S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation, and suggest that the product and inhibitor of that reaction, S-adenosyl-homocysteine, is rapidly hydrolyzed to adenosine and homocysteine in the corpora allata.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940050304
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some aspects of activity regulation of Galleria mellonella PTTH cells (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 5 (1987), S. 211-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): prothoracicotropic hormone ; larval-pupal development ; chilling ; starvation ; space-deprivation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using the Galleria prothoracicotropic bioassay, five small neurosecretory cells occurring in each dorsolateral part of protocerebrum of Galleria mellonella brain were identified as prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) cells. It was found that the critical period for the release of PTTH from a brain implanted in neck-ligated larva lasts up to the third day after implantation. The content of paraldehyde-fuchsin positive neurosecretory material (NSM) in PTTH cells was determined during the penultimate and last larval instar, during pupal instar, and in starved or poststarvation fed or space-deprived last instar larvae. Two peaks of NSM in PTTH cells were found in the penultimate instar (in freshly molted, and 76-h-old larvae), four peaks in the last instar larvae (in freshly molted, and in 67-, 132-, and 174-h-old larvae), and one peak in the pupal instar (in 56-76-h-old pupae). It was also observed that upon starvation NSM accumulated in PTTH cells, while after 3 h of poststarvation feeding it was released. In permanent space-deprived last instar larvae no NSM occurred in PTTH cells. In all investigated larval instars a rapid release of NSM from PTTH cells was found a few hours after molt associated with the beginning of the feeding period. The significance of the NSM content in PTTH cells is discussed in relation to ecdysteroid titer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940050307
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Lipophorin in the larval and adult stages of Musca domestica (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): housefly ; hemolymph proteins ; metamorphosis ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The major Musca domestica hemolymph lipoprotein, lipophorin, was purified from larval and from adult animals. The housefly lipophorin is composed of two apoproteins, apolipophorin I (Mr ∽ 253,000) and apolipophorin II (Mr ∽ 85,000). The lipophorin contains about 3.9% carbohydrates and reacts positively with concanavalin A. The density of larval lipophorin is equal to 1.152 g/ml and of adult lipophorin to 1.106 g/ml. The amount of lipophorin per animal increases during the larval stage, is constant during pupal stage, and suffers a great reduction at the pharate adult stage. The amount of lipophorin remains stable during the whole first gonotrophic cycle of the housefly. Lipophorin is not detected in the eggs of this insect.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060105
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of precocene II on female-specific hemolymph polypeptides in Oncopeltus fasciatus (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone ; vitellogenic oocytes ; yolk proteins ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under denaturing conditions, two major polypeptides of 200,000 and 170,000 daltons were detected in the hemolymph of mature female Oncopeltus fasciatus, but they were not found in the hemolymph of males or newly emerged females. Those polypeptides constituted the two major bands of early vitellogenic oocytes; however, they were absent from the yolk of mature eggs. The slower-migrating band (200,000 daltons) appears to correspond to a vitellogenic protein already identified in O. fasciatus, whose synthesis has been suggested to be independent of juvenile hormone (JH). Treatment of newly emerged adult females with the corpus allatum cytotoxin precocene II prevented the appearance of the female-specific bands and induced an important accumulation of other proteins in the hemolymph. Yolk deposition was also inhibited in those animals. Topical application of JH to precocene-treated females restored the appearance of the 200,000 and 170,000 dalton polypeptides in the hemolymph. These results suggest that JH is required for the synthesis of female-specific polypeptides in O. fasciatus.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060106
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Regulation of long-term oviposition in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus: Roles of prostaglandin and factors associated with sperm (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 59-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): X-irradiation ; PGE ; PGF2α ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The transfer of spermatophore contents derived from testes during mating greatly stimulates ovipositional activity for long periods of time in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus (L.). Since prostaglandins appear to play a role in reproduction in several insect species, and since prostaglandin synthesis enzymes occur in cricket testes and spermatophores, we investigated the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of long-term oviposition. Inactivation of prostaglandin synthesis enzymes in males or females using specific inhibitors failed to block mating-induced increases in egg laying. However, males lacking sperm because of X-irradiation were unable to induce oviposition even though they mated, transferred spermatophores, and had high levels of prostaglandins in both testes and spermatophores. X-irradiation was also used to generate males with nonfunctional sperm. Females mated to these animals readily laid eggs, which failed to develop. It appeared that sperm or a factor associated with sperm induced long-term oviposition in female house crickets. Prostaglandin synthesis enzymes transferred from the male to females may have other roles in the female, for example, in sperm maintenance in the spermatheca. Previous observations strongly suggest that prostaglandins induce egg laying behavior and activity; they may be synthesized by female enzymes that are regulated by male-derived factors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060107
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Activities of enzymes that detoxify superoxide anion and related toxic oxyradicals in Trichoplusia ni (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 85-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cabbage looper ; catalase ; glutathione peroxidase ; glutathione reductase ; superoxide dismutase ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In third-, fourth-, and fifth-instar larvae of the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni, the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD*), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPOX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were examined using 850 g supernatants of whole-body homogenates. The enzyme activities, expressed as units mg-1 protein min-1 at 25°C ranged as follows: SOD, 0.67-2.13 units; CAT, 180.5-307.5 units; GPOX, none detectable; and GR, 0.40-1.19 units. There was a similar pattern of changes for SOD and CAT activities with larval ontogeny, but not for GR. The cabbage looper apparently uses SOD and CAT to form a “defensive team” effective against endogenously produced superoxide anion (O2≿). Glutathione may serve as an antioxidant for the destruction of any organic/lipid peroxides formed, and GSH oxidized to glutathione disulfide would be recycled by GR. Bioassays against pro-oxidant compounds exogenous sources of (O2≿) show high sensitivity of mid-fifth instars to the linear furanocoumarin, 8-methoxypsoralen (xanthotoxin) primarily from photoactivation (320-380 nm), and auto-oxidation of the flavonoid, quercetin. The LC50s are 0.0004 and 0.0045% (w/w) concentration of xanthotoxin and quercetin, respectively. Both pro-oxidants have multiple target sites for lethal action and, in this context, the role of antioxidant enzymes is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060203
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Metabolism and excretion of acetylchromenes by the migratory grasshopper (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 109-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): encecalin ; precocene II ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The extent of metabolism and excretion of three acetylchromenes (two toxic, one relatively nontoxic) were examined in adult migratory grasshoppers (Melanoplus sanguinipes) following topical administration. Both the total amount excreted (parent plus metabolites) and the proportion of parent compound in the excreta were inversely correlated with contact toxicity. Both toxic and nontoxic acetylchromenes are rapidly absorbed from the cuticle, with maximum excretion of parent and metabolite chromenes from 4 to 8 h posttreatment in each case. Much of the applied compounds (60-80%) apparently remains within the insect, and cannot be recovered by extraction of the insect. Metabolites formed result from simple oxidative and reductive transformations. For all of the compounds tested (including the allatocidin precocene II), the major mode of metabolism results from aliphatic hydroxylation of one of the geminal methyl groups on the chromene. No conjugated metabolites were found in the excreta.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060205
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Single-channel recordings of chloride currents in primary cultured Drosophila neurons (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 6 (1987), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): patch-clamp ; Drosophila ; neurons ; anion channel ; CI- ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Single-chloride-channel currents were recorded from primary cultured Drosophila neurons by means of the gigaohm-seal patch-clamp technique. Small inward-going current channels were observed in excised inside-out patches with the external face of the membrane exposed to bathing solutions devoid of K+, Na+, and Ca2+. The inward current was affected by changing the anions but not the cations bathing the cytoplasmic face of the patch. Complete replacement of CI- by glutamate eliminated the current. The current was maintained with intracellular solutions containing NO3- in place of CI-. The single-channel conductance was estimated to be 7 ps with CI-, and 11 ps with NO3- at 10°C. Possible functions of this anion-selective channel have been discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940060303
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of insecticides to lipophorin and arylphorin, two hemolymph proteins of Heliothis zea (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insecticide binding proteins ; lipophorin ; arylphorin ; storage protein ; Heliothis zea ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The binding of different insecticides to hemolymph proteins of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea, was studied by an analytical isoelectric focusing technique. Two proteins capable of binding hydrophobic substrates were discovered and identified as lipophorin and arylphorin. Lipophorin, the major lipoprotein of Heliothis zea, demonstrated rather unspecific binding of xenobiotics of different hydrophobicities. Arylphorin, a putative storage protein, revealed strong affinity for compounds of medium polarity, binding only weakly to insecticides of higher or lower polarity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030110
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation and characterization of Brush border fragments from mosquito mesenterons (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 135-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): mosquito ; mesenteron ; brush border ; enzymes ; electrophoresis ; electron microscopy ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Brush border fragments were isolated from homogenates of mesenterons from the mosquito, Culex tarsalis, by a combination of Ca2+ precipitation and differential centrifugation. These preparations were routinely enriched seven- to eightfold for the brush border marker enzyme, leucine aminopeptidase. Alkaline phosphatase, a putative brush border marker for both vertebrate and invertebrate brush borders, was found to be unsuitable for Cx. tarsalis. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis coupled with histochemical enzyme detection was used to enumerate isozymic species of nonspecific esterases [3], leucine aminopeptidase [1], and alkaline phosphatase [1] in isolated brush border fragments. Leucine aminopeptidase activity was solubilized by papain digestion, suggesting an extrinsic active site for this membrane-bound enzyme. The predominant nonspecific esterase isozyme remained membrane-bound. Conventional staining (ie, Coomassie Blue and silver) of proteins separated by isoelectric focusing, sodium dodecylsulfate, and two-dimensional electrophoresis indicated a simple pattern for brush border fragments, with two proteins predominating among the 11-14 routinely detected.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030204
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Modulatory effects of octopamine and serotonin on male sensitivity and periodicity of response to sex pheromone in the cabbage looper moth, Trichoplusia ni (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 161-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): sex pheromone ; sustained-flight tunnel ; Trichoplusia ni ; octopamine ; serotonin ; 5-hydroxytryptamine ; biogenic amines ; circadian rhythms ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The pheromone-mediated flight behavior of male cabbage looper moths in a sustained-flight tunnel and random activity exhibited during scotophase were observed after males were treated with octopamine or serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine). Octopamine induced a hypersensitivity to the olfactory signal, resulting in a significant lowering of the pheromone dose that elicited peak levels of response. Octopamine, however, did not affect the circadian rhythmicity of response to pheromone. In contrast, serotonin disrupted the circadian rhythmicity of response, resulting in a high percentage of males exhibiting random activity and response to pheromone throughout the entire 8 h scotophase instead of during the normal peak period during the latter part of the scotophase. Serotonin did not effect a decrease in the dose of pheromone eliciting peak response. In addition, at the highest dosages tested octopamine and serotonin induced opposite postures associated with a paralysis that occurred when males attempted to take flight to the pheromone.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030206
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Absence of female-specific protein in the hemolymph of stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 205-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Stomoxys calcitrans ; stable fly ; vitellogenin ; ovary ; fat body ; hemolymph ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Changes, during the reproductive cycle, in fat body, hemolymph, and ovarian proteins of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans were characterized quantitatively and qualitatively using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Protein content of all three tissues increased after blood feeding. Fat body protein increased first, followed by hemolymph and ovarian proteins. SDS-PAGE failed to identify vitellogenin in both female hemolymph and fat body samples. No single protein or group of proteins predominated at any stage of the reproductive cycle. Comparisons between male and female stable fly hemolymph and fat body proteins failed to detect female-specific proteins. Female-specific proteins, however, were detected in the hemolymph of four other species of Diptera.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030210
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Possible inactivation of ingested ecdysteroids by conjugation with long-chain fatty acids in the female tick Ornithodoros moubata (acarina:argasidae) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 235-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ticks ; Ornithodoros moubata ; metabolism of ingested ecdysteroids ; detoxification ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ornithodoros moubata females proved to be extremely sensitive to ingested 22,25-dideoxyecdysone; 15-20 ng provoked molting in all females and temporarily inhibited vitellogenesis. In contrast, this tick was very resistant to ingested ecdysteroids containing 22-OH groups, such as ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, ponasterone A, and makisterone A. Dosages about 500 times greater were necessary to produce supermolting and reduce fecundity [Connat et al: Z Ang Ent 96, 520 (1983)]. Ingested tritiated ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone, 2-deoxyecdysone, and ponasterone A were rapidly converted to apolar esterase-labile metabolites having approximately the same retention time as the AP2 identified as esters of ecdysteroids at C-22 with long-chain fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2) [Diehl et al: Int J Invert Reprod Dev 8, 1 (1985)]. These products were then gradually transformed to the more polar apolar conjugates, AP1. A more detailed study with ingestion of large quantities of 20-hydroxyecdysone (10 μ/ml blood) demonstrated that only small amounts of free hormone were present in the hemolymph during the first day after the blood meal. The hormone was rapidly metabolized to AP2, then to AP1, in the intestinal cells and to a lesser extent in the peripheral tissues. Finally, AP1 accumulated in the intestinal cells and midgut content, probably because excretion outside the animal is impossible in this tick species.In contrast, ingested 22,25-dideoxyecdysone was not metabolized to apolar products. This could account for its high biological activity. This compound was converted to unidentified more polar products. Two of them comigrated with ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone on RP-18 HPLC column, but not on silica column, and therefore cannot correspond to these compounds.We hypothesize that esterification of ecdysteroids at the C-22 position with fatty acids represents a detoxification mechanism for ingested ecdysteroids that might be present in blood from herbivorous or parasite-infected hosts.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030303
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Clones of Aedes albopictus cells resistant to methylmercaptopurine riboside (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 293-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Aedes albopictus cells ; methylmercaptopurine riboside resistance ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Four clones of A. albopictus cells resistant to 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside (MMPR) (MMPR-10, -11, -12, and -21) were isolated after mutagenesis of the parental LT C-7 cells. As assayed by plating efficiencies these clones were from ten- to 20-fold more resistant to MMPR than the LT C-7 cells. Resistance was also demonstrated by the fact that concentrations of MMPR, which reduced the levels of ATP and GTP in LT C-7 cells, had no such effect in the MMPR-resistant cells. When de novo purine biosynthesis was measured by the incorporation of [14C]formate into ATP and GTP, MMPR had little effect on the MMPR-10 cells (15% inhibition) but did depress synthesis considerably in the MMPR-11 cells (80% inhibition) although not as severely as in the LT C-7 cells (95% inhibition). Three of the resistant clones which were tested also showed considerable resistance to guanosine. Although the mechanism of resistance to MMPR in these cells is not clear it likely involves some alteration in one of the early enzymes involved in purine biosynthesis. Resistant as well as sensitive cells showed a new high-performance liquid chromatography peak after treatment with MMPR suggesting that there was no defect in the uptake of MMPR. The conversion of labeled adenosine to AMP, ADP, and ATP in the resistant cells indicated that these cells were not deficient in adenosine kinase, another possible mechanism of resistance to MMPR. All clones showed a reduction in GTP following treatment with ribavirin; however, they varied considerably with respect to the amount of ribavirin triphosphate which they formed. In the case of the MMPR-11 cells the amount of ribavirin triphosphate formed was markedly sensitive to cultural conditions. The fact that the various MMPR-resistant cells responded differently to ribavirin, and that quantitative differences were also seen in their responses to MMPR (as measured by [14C]formate incorporation) and to guanosine, suggests that there are significant phenotypic differences among these resistant clones.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030307
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [N-Methyl-3H]Scopolamine binding sites in the central nervous system of the cockroach Periplaneta americana (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 339-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ; cockroach CNS ; [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The binding of [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine to a cockroach nerve cord preparation has been investigated. Specific [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine binding was found to be saturable and of high affinity (Kd = 13.9 nM). Muscarinic ligands were found to displace [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine binding more effectively than nicotinic ligands. The distribution of these [N-methyl-3H]scopolamine binding sites was examined in the metathoracic ganglion at the light microscope level by autoradiographical techniques. Specific binding was found to be localized to distinct regions of the neuropile. This pattern showed certain similarities to that seen when the ganglion was stained for acetylcholinesterase, suggesting a functional role for these insect muscarinic acetylcholine receptors.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030403
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Presence and regulation of trehalose in the body of adult Phormia regina (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 381-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): blood sugar ; fat body ; hemolymph ; hypotrehalosemic hormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Trehalose, the major blood sugar of Phormia regina, is present within its tissues in an amount exceeding that in the total blood volume. A major part of the reserve is found in the abdominal fat body. An investigation of trehalose regulation, pursued with the use of a trehalose tolerance test, indicates that within a period of 4 h the adult fly can remove from its blood amounts of this sugar in excess of twice its normal level. The surplus is dealt with in an as yet unknown way, being either sequestered in the tissues (not as trehalose or glucose), metabolized, or excreted in a form other than trehalose or glucose. The process is regulated by the head, and a link between the body and the head must be maintained throughout the entire period of activity.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030406
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Degradation of juvenile hormone and methylation of juvenile hormone acid by corpora cardiaca-corpora allata of the cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea: I. Biochemical aspects (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 303-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone metabolites ; L-[14C]methionine incorporation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Corpora cardiaca-corpora allata (CC-CA) from vitellogenic females of Nauphoeta cinerea degraded, in vitro, racemic and (10R)-juvenile hormone III (JH III) at a rate of 249 pmol/CC-CA/h and 786 pmol/CC-CA/h, respectively. The major metabolite formed was JH III acid, together with some highly polar products. CC-CA homogenates degraded racemic JH III to a small extent, whereas (10R)-JH III was degraded efficiently to JH III acid. No highly polar products were formed by CC-CA homogenates. When CC-CA were incubated with racemic JH III acid, some of this substance was degraded to highly polar products, and a minor part was methylated to JH III. CC degraded very little JH III acid and did not methylate it to JH III. CC-CA homogenates methylated JH III acid very efficiently; we measured an apparent Kmax of 37.8 μM and a Vmax of 1,260 pmol/4 h/ CC-CA equivalent. The addition of JH III acid to CC-CA in vitro increased the rate of biosynthesis of JH III, as determined by measuring incorporation of methyl[14C]methionine into JH III. These data indicate that the metabolite JH III acid can enter the CA and be methylated to JH III.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100406
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysteroids from developing eggs of Pieris brassicae (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cholesterol ; ecdysone ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; 26-hydroxyecdysone ; 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone ; ecdysonoic acid ; 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ecdysone metabolism in Pieris brassicae eggs was revealed after injection of [3H]ecdysone into eggs. Labeled ecdysteroids were analyzed by HPLC. The metabolic fate of [3H]ecdysone is similar to that observed during postembryonic development, i.e., the larval instars and pupal instar. The ecdysone molecule is affected by hydroxylations at C-20 and at C-26; 26-hydroxyecdysteroids can be further oxidized into ecdysteroid acids. In an effort to identify egg ecdysteroids, we examined the metabolism of [3H]cholesterol injected into female pharate adults to achieve long-term labeling. In eggs, [3H]cholesterol was converted to 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid, ecdysonoic acid, 20-hydroxyecdysone, and ecdysone. The rates of [3H]cholesterol incorporation into ecdysteroids increase according to the age of the eggs (from 0.06% at laying to 0.12% at hatching), while the cholesterol level remains constant throughout embryogenesis, suggesting that the embryos of Pieris brassicae can produce ecdysteroids either from cholesterol or from apolar ecdysteroids not identified by the analytical method. Pieris eggs contain amounts of ecdysteroids which increase from 1.5 nmol/g at laying to 3.8 nmol/g at hatching.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110102
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110201
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysone metabolism in the host-parasitoid-system Trichoplusia ni/Chelonus sp (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 79-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ecdysteroids ; parasitization ; endysone ; parasites ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In unparasitized 4th and 5th-instar larvae of Trichoplusia ni and in 4th-instar larvae parasitized by Chelonus sp. 20-hydroxyecdysone, 20,26-dihydroxyec-dysone, and 20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid were the predominant metabolites formed 2 h after injection of [3H]ecdysone. Other unidentified metabolites were seen, but none seemed to be specific for either parasitized or unparasitized larvae. The major difference between parasitized and unparasitized larvae was seen with respect to the quantity of apolar (unidentified) and polar metabolites (20-hydroxyecdysonoic acid and unidentified ones), which were produced to a greater extent in parasitized larvae. Ecdysone was rapidly converted into 20-hydroxyecdysone and the other polar metabolites in all stages investigated, and the parasitoid seemed not to affect the conversion of ecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone. When analyzing the fate of [3H]ecdysone in host and parasite separately, at a stage when the parasite drinks hemolymph of its host, we observed that 10-20% of the radioactivity was recovered from the parasitoid. Analysis of the parasitoid's ecdysteroids revealed that ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone represented only a small proportion of the recovered labeled ecdysteroids, the majority being apolar and polar metabolites. Our data suggest that the parasitoid takes up ecdysteroids from its host, converts them, and to some extent releases apolar metabolites into the host.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110203
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Chemical- and cuticular phenoloxidase- mediated synthesis of cysteinyl-catechol adducts (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 127-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): quinone tanning ; cuticular sclerotization ; amino acid-catechol adducts ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: N-Acetylcysteine adducts of o-benzoquinones derived from catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and N-acetyldopamine were chemically synthesized and characterized by a combination of UV, IR, and NMR spectral studies. Oxidation of catechol, 4-methylcatechol, and N-acetyldopamine by cuticle-bound phenoloxidase from Sarcophaga bullata in the presence of N-acetylcysteine resulted in the formation of covalent adducts between catecholic compounds and N-acetylcysteine. Structural identities of these adducts were established by comparison of their HPLC retention time and UV spectra with those of synthetic adducts and by cochromatography with authentic samples. Although insect cuticle is known to contain only trace amounts of cysteine, the in vitro synthesis of quinone cysteine adducts mediated by cuticular phenoloxidase strongly indicates the occurrence of similar reactions in vivo as well and is in support of Pryor's quinone tanning hypothesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110206
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A high molecular weight diapause-associated protein from the stem-borer Busseola fusca: Purification and properties (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Busseola-diapause protein ; physical-chemical properties ; immunology ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The hemolymph of diapausing larvae of the stem borer, Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), contains an electrophoretically distinct protein band on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. The protein, called the Busseola diapause protein (BDP), was purified by a combination of density gradient ultracentrifugation, gel permeation, and affinity chromatography. It is a high molecular weight protein (Mr ∼5 × 105; pl = 6.1) that is composed of two subunits, I (Mr ∼88,000 ± 4,000) and II (Mr ∼79,000 ± 1,000), which are not linked by disulfide bridges. The protein contains both lipids (2%) as well as covalently bound carbohydrates (1%). The inability to stain the fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A (FITC-Con A) suggests that the carbohydrate moiety of BDP is not of the high mannose type. Amino acid analysis showed a high tyrosine plus phenylalanine content (16 mol%). Labeling studies using [35S]-methionine showed that de novo synthesis by the fat body tissue occurs only in diapausing larval insects. It is proposed that the BDP could serve a storage function by providing the amino acids needed for the synthesis of pupal and adult structures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110305
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting announcements (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 11 (1989), S. 273-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940110407
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ovarian muscularis of the stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans: Its structural, motile, and pharmacological properties (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 15-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ovarian motility ; impedance myographs ; actions of octopamine ; proctolin ; glutamate ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The muscles of the ovary of the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans) appear to consist of two groups: (1) a network of stellate muscle cells that cover the surface of the ovary and (2) fibers that surround the ovarioles. Innervation of the ovaries was largely restricted to the region of the pedicels. The structural arrangements of the ovarian muscles provided the basis for two distinct patterns of movement. The contraction of the sheath that surrounds the ovary produced the appearance of a pulsing sphere, while the activation of muscle fibers that encompass the ovarioles may cause a vertical translation of eggs within the tubes. The various patterns of motility derived from the combined and separate actions of these two groups of muscles are described. Oscillations in the size of the ovary were the most prominent and frequent kind of spontaneous activity observed. A complete cycle of oscillation ranged from 200 ms to 4 s. Day-old stable flies consistently had the highest rate (30%) of ovarian sheath compression of the three age groups examined, while 2-day-old flies had the lowest (less than 10%). Seven-day flies had inconsistent rates that ranged from o to 25%. Two kinds of ovarian compression were recognized on impedance myographs on the basis of small and large amplitudes. Changes in tonus were also detected. Octopamine produced large increases in the amplitude of spherical compressions at 10-7 M. The neuropeptide proctolin (10-9 M) caused changes in both the frequency and amplitude of ovarian contractions. Glutamic acid consistently caused a marked reduction in the amplitude of ovarian compressions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120103
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120201
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of sex pheromone components from linolenic acid in arctiid moths (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 89-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Phragmatobia fuliginosa ; Estigmene acrea ; radiolabeled fatty acids ; elongationdecarboxylation ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Sex pheromone components of two species of arctiid moths, Estigmene acrea and Phragmatobia fuliginosa, were shown to be derived from linolenic acid. Female pupae were injected with radiolabeled malonic acid or an 18-, 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon triunsaturated fatty acid, and the pheromone components from emerged adults analyzed for radioactivity. The data support a biosynthetic pathway in which the 21-carbon pheromone component,(Z, Z)-3,6-cis-9,10-epoxyheneicosadiene, of these moths is produced by chain elongation of linolenic acid to docosatrienoic acid with subsequent reductive decarboxylation. The 18-carbon aldehyde components,(Z, Z)-9,12-octadecadienal and (Z, Z, Z)-9,12,15-octadecatrienal, of E. acrea are produced from linoeic and linolenic acids directly. No detectable amounts of intermediate 20-, 21-, or 22-carbon fatty acid precursors were found in the gland of E. acrea.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120203
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly: Evidence for the regulation of the fatty acyl-CoA desaturation and elongation system by 20-hydroxyecdysone (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 173-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): stearoyl-CoA ; oleoyl-CoA ; erucoyl-CoA ; tetracosenoyl-CoA ; Musca domestica ; desaturase ; fatty acid chain elongation ; insect microsomes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The effects of age, sex, and 20-hydroxyecdysone treatments on fatty acyl-CoA desaturation and elongation, key reactions in sex pheromone biosynthesis in the housefly, Musca domestica, were investigated. Radio-HPLC analyses of the elongation products of [1-14C] 18: 1-CoA in the presence of malonyl-CoA and NADPH by microsomes prepared from 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-day-old males and 0- and 1-day-old female houseflies showed that all even-numbered monounsaturated fatty acids up to 30 carbons were formed. Insects of these ages and sexes produce alkenes of 27 carbons and longer. When microsomes prepared from females 2, 3, and 4 days old (vitellogenic through postvitellogenic) were used, there was no elongation of [1-14C] 18: 1-CoA beyond the 24: 1 fatty acyl moiety. Similarly, neither [1-14C]22: 1-CoA nor [14, 15-3H]24: 1-CoA were efficiently elongated beyond the 24: 1-acyl moiety in mature females. Females 2-4 days old produce, as their major alkene, the sex pheromone component (Z)-9-tricosene (“muscalure,” Z9-23 Hy), and they use 24: 1-CoA as the fatty acyl precursor. The initial precursor for the long chain monoenoic fatty acids is oleic acid. Males treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone and 2-4-day-old females desaturated 18: O-CoA to 18: 1-CoA with 36-57% less efficiency than control males or previtellogenic females. These data demonstrate that 20-hydroxyecdysone is involved in the regulation of (Z)-9-tricosene production by altering both desaturation and elongation activities.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120305
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Production of antibodies to Manduca sexta cerebral neurosecretory cells (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 12 (1989), S. 219-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): insect neuropeptide ; peptidergic neuron ; neurohormone ; prothoracicotropic hormone ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Understanding the neuroendocrine regulation of insect development depends upon having antibody probes to the neurohormones involved, which are usually present at trace levels, making antibody generation difficult. This report describes a simple method for producing antibodies specific to cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSC) of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, and to the neurohormone(s) they produce. The method involves the isolation of only a few hundred NSC somata (∼ 0.3 μg of protein) that serve as the immunogen. The cerebral NSC used were the L-NSC III, the prothoracicotropes, that produce the prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH), the principal neuroendocrine effector of insect molting and metamorphosis. A PTTH-containing extract of microsurgically isolated somata of the L-NSC III was injected intraperitoneally into a Balb/c mouse. The antiserum produced specifically immunostained the L-NSC III in wholemounts of brains from different developmental stages. This antiserum also contained antibodies directed against PTTH, as shown by its ability to inhibit the neurohormone's biological activity in an in vitro prothoracic gland bioassay. Such antiserum can be used to investigate the ontogeny and phylogeny of NSCs. With the hybridoma technique, monoclonal antibodies to individual NSC proteins (PTTH) could be obtained, circumventing the need to purify them for antibody production. This method should be applicable to comparable neurosecretory cell systems in other insect species.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940120403
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Profile of free and conjugated ecdysteroids and ecdysteroid acids during embryonic development of Manduca sexta (L.) following maternal incorporation of [14C]cholesterol (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 7 (1988), S. 157-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): radiolabeled ecdysteroids ; conjugates ; 26-hydroxyecdysone 22-glucoside ; 26-hydroxyecdysone 26-phosphate ; 26-hydroxyecdysone ; 20-26-dihydroxyecdysone ; 3-epi-20-26-dihydroxyecdysone ; 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysonoic-acid ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The levels of both free and conjugated ecdysteroids, maternally labeled from [14C]cholesterol, of six different age groups of Manduca sexta eggs were quantitatively determined. Eggs 0-1-h old contain about 2.5 and 35 μ/g of the 2- and 26-phosphates of 26-hydroxyecdysone, respectively, and 1 μg/g of 26-hydroxyecdysone. During embryogenesis of 26-hydroxyedcdysone 26-phosphate is hydrolyzed to 26-hydroxyecdysone, which reaches a peak titer in 1-18-h-old eggs; the level of 26-hydroxyecdysone 2-phosphate remains rather constant. Additionally, other metabolic modifications such as hydroxylation, conjugation, epimerization, and oxidation are occurring; and as the level of the 26-hydroxyecdysone 26-phosphate decreases there is a progression of other ecdysteroids. C-20 hydroxylation first appears in 24-40-h-old eggs and reaches peak activity in 48-64-h-old eggs, where 20-hydroxyecdysone and 20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone are both present at peak titer but the latter is the major free ecdysteroid. Ecdysone is observed at measurable levels only in the three age groups of eggs between 1 and 64 h-old. C-3 epimerase activity also appears at 24-40 h and continually increases throughout embryogenesis to the point that 3-epi-26-hydroxyecdysone and 3-epi-20, 26-dihydroxyecdysone are the major free ecdysteroids in 96-h-old eggs. A new ecdysteroid conjugate, 26-hydroxyecdysone 22-glucoside, first appears at 24-40h and becomes the major conjugate in 72-80-h-old eggs; it represents an apparent end-product as its peak titer is reached and maintained throughout the final embryonic stages. 20-Hydroxyecdysonoic acid occurs in 48-64-h-old eggs, and along with 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysonoic and ecdysonoic acids in 72-88-h-old eggs. 20-Hydroxyecdysonoic acid peaks during the latter time interval, and as its titer subsequently falls, there is a concurrent increase in the level of 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysonoic which was identified as the second major component of the ecdysteroid conjugate fraction of 0-1-h-old larvae. Our results indicate that there is little or no biosynthesis of ecdysteroids during embryogenesis; that the materal ecdysteroid conjugate 26-hydroxyecdysone 26-phosphate serves as source for 26-hydroxyecdysone and the numerous metabolites; that 26-hydroxyecdysone and 20,26-dihydroxyecdysone may be the active hormones during embryonic development; and that glucosylation, epimerization, and formation of acids cosntitute inactivation processes. A scheme of the proposed pathways involved in the metabolism of 26-hydroxyecdysone 26-phosphate in the developing eggs of m. sexta is presented.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940070303
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oostatic hormone inhibits biosynthesis of midgut proteolytic enzymes and egg development in mosquitoes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 7 (1988), S. 187-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): vitellogenin ; protease ; trypsin ; inhibitors ; electrophoresis ; flurography ; ecdysteroids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Injection of partially purified oostatic hormone (0.7 μg) into female Aedes aegypti inhibited egg development, proteolytic enzyme activity, and blood digestion in the midgut, whereas control injections of saline or insulin chain A (0.7 μg) did not affect these processes. Oostatic hormone given by enema, on the other hand, did not inhibit proteolytic enzyme activity, indicating that the hormone acts outside the midgut. A single injection of oostatic hormone (0.7 μg) caused a 1.7-1.5-fold reduction in activity of trypsinlike enzymes during blood digestion, with a 10-h delay in peak activity.Using [1,3-3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in the presence of 8 mM tosylamide-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone, the synthesis of trypsinlike derivatives was followed in the midgut of female A. aegypti. A 4-fold reduction in [1,3-3H]diisopropylphosphoryl-trypsinlike derivatives was noted after oostatic hormone treatment. Several isozymes that are normally synthesized were absent in the presence of DFP, as assessed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Injection of oostatic hormone into decapitated and ovariectomized females that did not synthesize ecdysteroids inhibited trypsinlike enzyme synthesis and blood digestion in the midgut, indicating that oostatic hormone inhibits the midgut cells and not the ovary or the brain's endocrine system.Comparison between oostatic hormone and soybean trypsin inhibitor indicated that the former inhibited trypsin synthesis whereas the latter inhibited trypsin activity. A. aegypti oostatic hormone is not species specific and injections of the hormone into Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex nigripalpus, and Anopheles albimanus caused inhibition of egg development, blood digestion, and synthesis of trypsinlike enzymes. A direct relation between oostatic hormone synthesis and the regulation of trypsinlike activity in the midgut is proposed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940070305
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080101
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone-binding protein and juvenile hormone esterase activity in hemolymph from last-instar nymphs of Leucophaea maderae (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 8 (1988), S. 11-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): juvenile hormone esterase ; juvenile hormone-binding protein ; JH esterase and JH binder interaction ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The concentration of the juvenile hormone-binding protein (JHB) in hemolymph was determined throughout the last nymphal instar. It was found to be 3.9 μM at the molt to the instar, rising to 13 μM by mid-instar, and dropping to 6.7μM the day before emergence. Endocrine control of its production during the last nymphal instar could not be established. The apparent juvenile hormone esterase (JHF) activity was low at the molt to the last instar, but rose about fivefold by mid-instar, and then modestly declined. On the day of emergence, JHF activity rose to the highest level observed. A four- to fivefold increase in absolute JHF activity was determined during the first half of the last nymphal instar. This increase is not regulated by JH. Removal of the JHB from hemolymph samples by precipitation with a polyclonal specific antibody increased the JHF activity up to 1,000-fold. Thus, changes in the concentrations of JHB can affect the apparent activity of JHE, which is unrelated to the production or degradation of the JHF.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940080103
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the mechanism of formation of N-acetyldopamine quinone methide in insect cuticle (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 269-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): phenoloxidase ; quinone methide isomerase ; sclerotization ; tanning ; tautomerization of quinones ; Manduca sexta ; Periplaneta americana ; Sarcophaga bullata ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The mechanism of formation of quinone methide from the sclerotizing precursor N-acetyldopamine (NADA) was studied using three different cuticular enzyme systems viz. Sarcophaga bullata larval cuticle, Manduca sexta pharate pupae, and Periplaneta americana presclerotized adult cuticle. All three cuticular samples readily oxidized NADA. During the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation, the majority of NADA oxidized became bound covalently to the cuticle through the side chain with the retention of o-diphenolic function, while a minor amount was recovered as N-acetylnorepinephrine (NANE). Cuticle treated with NADA readily released 2-hydroxy-3′,4′-dihydroxyacetophenone on mild acid hydrolysis confirming the operation of quinone methide sclerotization. Attempts to demonstrate the direct formation of NADA-quinone methide by trapping experiments with N-acetylcysteine surprisingly yielded NADA-quinone-N-acetylcysteine adduct rather than the expected NADA-quinone methide-N-acetylcysteine adduct. These results are indicative of NADA oxidation to NADA-quinone and its subsequent isomerization to NADA-quinone methide. Accordingly, all three cuticular samples exhibited the presence of an isomerase, which catalyzed the conversion of NADA-quinone to NADA-quinone methide as evidenced by the formation of NANE - the water adduct of quinone methide. Thus, in association with phenoloxidase, newly discovered quinone methide isomerase seems to generate quinone methides and provide them for quinone methide sclerotization.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090403
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Vitellogenesis and oocyte development in azadirachtin-induced fifth-instar overage nymphs of Locusta migratoria (L.) (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 9 (1988), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): vitellogenin ; ovaries ; hemolymph ; fat body ; reproduction ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Injection of azadirachtin into females of Locusta migratoria at the beginning of the last nymphal instar prevented molting to the adult stage, and many of these locusts survived for long periods as overage fifth-instar nymphs. Overage female nymphs synthesized vitellogenin; maximum vitellogenin content in their hemolymph was 6-7 times higher than that found in normal adult females. The overage female nymphs developed vitellogenic oocytes, but development was retarded to some extent: although vitellogenin did accumulate in the proximal oocytes, their maximum average length was only about 2.8 mm (compared to 6.2 mm in normal adult females) and extensive oocyte resorption was observed. Thus, attainment of adult competence of the organs and processes involved in female reproduction is independent to a considerable extent from the process of overt adult morphogenesis.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940090406
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Binding of octopamine to membranes from the white-eyed and wild-type housefly heads (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 57-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): cAMP ; receptor ; biogenic amine ; artifact ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In attempting to develop an octopamine (OA) receptor preparation with ready access to large amounts of tissue, we examined the binding of OA to membranes from the heads of white and red houseflies (Musca domestica L.). Binding was dependent on the presence of L-ascorbic acid in the medium. However, equilibrium was reached only over 24-36 h at 4°C and reversal of binding was also slow and incomplete. Scatchard analysis revealed at least two binding sites in the white-eyed housefly. A high-affinity site (Kd = 13.9 nM and Bmax = 3.9 pmol/mg protein) was present, but the majority of the binding had low affinity (Kd = 1130 nM and Bmax = 165 pmol/mg protein). Scatchard analysis revealed a low affinity in the red-eyed housefly (Kd = 240 nM and Bmax = 12 pmol/mg protein). Catecholamines were the best competitors for OA binding followed by phenolamines such as OA and synephrine. 5-Hydroxytryptamine was less effective. Phentolamine and mianserin, which are good antagonists of the ability of OA to stimulate adenylate cyclase in housefly head membranes, and formamidine and imidazolines, which are potent partial agonists of this adenylate cyclase, were poor competitors of OA binding. The slow kinetics, low affinity, large amount, and unconventional pharmacological profile of this binding is not congruent with it being a neuroreceptor. When the brain was dissected free from the head, less than 10% of the total specific binding of OA was found in the brain membrane fraction. This suggests that most of the binding of OA may be to cuticular sites that possibly are associated with the metabolism of catecholamines in cuticular synthesis. Thus, binding studies made with labeled catecholamines and phenolamines on insect tissues containing significant cuticular elements should be interpreted with caution.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100106
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Repetitive DNA interspersion patterns in diptera (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): mosquito ; genome ; satellite DNA ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A wide spectrum of repetitive DNA amounts and interspersion patterns is seen in mosquitoes and other dipterans. Using a simple and rapid technique, we show that these range from a minimal amount in five species of Anopheles through moderate amounts in Culex quinquefasciatus to large amounts in Aedes aegypti and Stomoxys calcitrans. Although Culex and Aedes are closely related and both have a considerable amount of interspersed repetitive DNA, the repetitive sequences are different between the two genera. These results and previously published information show that the amount of repetitive DNA and sequences involved have changed many times during the evolution of the Diptera.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100202
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isolation of the vitellogenin-binding protein from locust ovaries (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 10 (1989), S. 141-149 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): endocytosis ; binding protein ; vitellogenin ; locust ; affinity purification ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A rapid, efficient procedure for the isolation and purification of the vitellogenin binding protein from locust ovarian membranes is described. After solubilization with the nonionic detergent octyl-β-D-glucoside and removal of the detergent, the binding protein is subjected to affinity chromatography on vitellogenin coupled covalently to Affi-Gel 15. The binding protein is eluted with suramin and EDTA at low pH value. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 156,000 in the eluted fraction. By ligand blotting this polypeptide could be identified as the vitellogenin binding protein. It retains its high-affinity binding properties. The specific binding of vitellogenin increases from 4.8 μg (intact ovarian membranes) to 170.9 μg (affinity purified binding protein) per mg membrane protein, which corresponds to a purification factor of 35.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940100205
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020101
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysteroid titre and metabolism to novel apolar derivatives in adult female Boophilus microplus (Ixodidae) (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 39-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ecdysteroids ; fatty acyl esters ; ticks ; Ixodidae ; Boophilus microplus ; h.p.l.c. ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The free ecdysteroid titre determined by radioimmunoassay in adult female Boophilus microplus showed a peak just prior to full engorgement and detachment of the ticks and decreased subsequently to a very low value. In contrast, the titre of polar ecdysteroid conjugates was very low. Ecdysone was the major ecdysteroid at peak titre and was accompanied by much lower levels of 20-hydroxyecdysone. In newly detached ticks, injected [3H]ecdysone was metabolized primarily (80%) into much less polar compounds, which could be resolved into at least three groups by reversed-phase h.p.l.c. These [3H] “apolar” metabolites were transferred to the newly laid eggs, where they accounted for the vast preponderance of ecdysteroids, the level of free hormone being low. Hydrolysis of the three groups of compounds with an esterase preparation from porcine liver yielding [3H]ecdysone, together with the release of [3H] ecdysteroid and fatty acids upon alkaline saponification of the compounds, suggests that they are of a fatty acyl ester nature. The chemical transformation of these “esters” into the corresponding acetonide derivatives indicates that the 2- and 3-hydroxyls of ecdysone remain unsubstituted in these compounds. Several tick tissues, including Malpighian tubules, ovaries, gut, and fat body, metabolized [3H]ecdysone in vitro forming the “apolar esters” as major products. The maternal ecdysteroid “esters” may function as storage forms of hormone (presumably hormonally inactive), which could be hydrolysed enzymically during embryogenesis releasing free ecdysteroids. Such enzymic hydrolysis of [3H]ecdysone “esters” by homogenates from developing eggs of B. microplus has been demonstrated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020105
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone as primary and secondary stimuli of vitellogenesis in Aedes aegypti (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 75-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Female Aedes aegypti that were fed blood and immediately abdominally ligated did not deposit yolk. Injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (1.5-5.0 ng) or topical application of juvenile hormone (JH) analogue methoprene (25 pg) did not induce vitellogenesis in these abdomens. When blood-gorged ligated abdomens were treated with both hormones, however, vitellogenesis was stimulated in 60% of treated animals. Rocket immunoelectrophoresis indicated that vitellin concentration per follicle in treated animals was similar to that in intact controls. When ligated abdomens were first treated with methoprene and immediately injected with a crude head extract of egg development neurosecretory hormone, vitellogenin synthesis was induced at a rate similar to that in blood-fed controls. Methoprene at this concentration (25 pg), did not cause an increase in whole-body ecdysteroid titers. Larger amounts of methoprene (1.65 ng) were needed to stimulate egg development and ecdysteroid production.Implantation of ecdysone-secreting ovaries into ligated abdomens did not stimulate vitellogenesis in the recipients. However, in recipients that were first treated with methoprene (25 pg), implantation of ecdysone-secreting ovaries resulted in normal egg development.These experiments indicate that the appearance of JH precedes 20-hydroxyecdysone in stimulating vitellogenesis following blood feeding in Ae. aegypti.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020108
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases from the pupal instar of the stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 161-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): stable fly ; Stomoxys calcitrans ; N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases ; glycosyltransferases ; tunicamycin ; carbohydrate metabolism ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases from pupae of Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) were studied in 10,000g pellet suspensions. Characterization of these enzymes was based on formation of glycolipids (ie, Dol·PP-GlcNAc and Dol·PP-(GlcNAc)2), oligosaccharide lipids, and giycoproteins. Studies on transferase activity during the pupal instar showed that there were two peaks of activity; the first peak was on day 0 (prepupae) and the second at 3 days after pupation. Subcellular fractionation indicated that 10,000g and 100,000g pellets contained most of the transferase activities. The transferases required divalent cations (either Mn2+ or Mg2+). The pH optimum, which varied for each of the products formed, was 7.5 for glycolipids, 7.0 for oligosaccharide lipids, and 6.5 for glycoprotein. Inclusion of dolichol monophosphate doubled the amount of Dol·PP-GlcNAc and Dol·PP·(GlcNAc)2 formed, but had little effect on oligosaccharide lipid and glycoprotein formation.Tunicamycin was a potent inhibitor of glycolipid formation with an I50 of 1.8-4.8 nM. It was confirmed that tunicamycin acts by preventing the transfer of GlcNAc-1-P from UDP-GlcNAc to Dol·P. UMP reverses glycolipid formation, yielding UDP-GlcNAc. Some characterization of the products was performed. Glycolipids were shown to be Dol·PP-GlcNAc and Dol·PP-(GlcNAc)2. Glycoprotein was rapidly solubilized by protease and detergent treatments, whereas oligosaccharide lipids appeared to be acid-labile, pyrophosphate-containing lipids. The apparent kinetic constants for the formation of glycolipids were as follows: UDP-GlcNAc Km = 1.55 ± 0.47 μM, Vmax = 0.66 ± 0.21 pmol·min-1·mg-1; Dol·P Km = 2.08 ± 0.85 μM, Vmax = 0.13 ± 0.06 pmol·min-1·mg-1 protein.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020205
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effects of octopamine on fluid secretion by isolated salivary glands of a feeding ixodid tick (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 217-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Amblyomma americanum ; dopamine ; octopamine ; salivary gland ; tick ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Octopamine elicited a dose-related secretory response by salivary glands isolated from the feeding female tick Amblyomma americanum. Half-maximal stimulation occurred at about 60 μM. Phentolamine (10 μM) failed to inhibit the octopamine-mediated response; however, thioridazine (50 μM) inhibited both octopamine (1,000 μM) and dopamine-stimulated (0.1 μM) secretion. Maximal stimulation by dopamine (1.0 μM) showed no further increase in the rate of secretion after adding octopamine (1,000 or 0.1 μM). Glands responded to octopamine (100 μM) with rates significantly lower than controls following exposure to amphetamine (1,000 μM). Octopamine receptors do not appear to mediate the secretory response, and octopamine may stimulate secretion by releasing catecholamines from presynaptic neurons. These results support the hypothesis that dopamine is the natural transmitter mediating fluid secretion in the feeding tick salivary gland.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020209
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and deposition of chitin in larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 2 (1985), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Lucilia cuprina ; larval cuticle ; chitin synthesis ; chitin deposition ; chitin content ; larval growth ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Chitin synthesis in third-instar Lucilia cuprina larvae cultured at 23 °C was investigated using in vivo and in vitro systems, the latter with whole and with homogenized integuments. Synthesis was at a maximum between 24 and 48h after ecdysis from the second instar. Chitin was deposited in layers, and labeled GlcNAc was rapidly cleared from the hemolymph. In in vitro homogenate systems, the rapid conversion of UDP-([14C]GlcN)Ac to ([14C]GlcN)Ac and its 1-phosphate derivative contributed to the low incorporation of this precursor into chitin. The extent of the conversion was reduced by the addition of KCN or phenylthiourea. In in vivo and in vitro tissue systems the level of incorporation of ([14C]ClcN)Ac was higher than that of UDP-([14C]GlcN)Ac. However, in in vitro homogenate systems there was no difference unless UTP was added when the level of incorporation of only ([14C]GlcN)Ac was increased (by a factor of 9). Incorporation of UDP-([14C]GlcN)Ac, but not that of ([14C]GlcN)Ac, was decreased when larvae were deprived of food. Soluble oligosaccharides were detected in in vitro homogenate systems. They were formed during chitin synthesis and may represent newly initiated chitin chains. A reappraisal of current ideas on chitin synthesis in insects is needed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940020304
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Qualitative and quantitative changes in hemolymph proteins during an ovarian cycle and after insemination in Thermobia domestica (packard) (thysanura, lepismatidae) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 277-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Thermobia domestica ; vitellogenins ; ovarian cycle ; insemination ; electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Qualitative and quantitative investigations on the hemolymph proteins in the adult firebrat Thermobia domestica were performed during an ovarian cycle in inseminated and noninseminated females. Variations of hemolymph protein concentration were determined by Lowry's method. In addition, the proteins were studied by gradient slab gel electrophoresis using nondenaturing conditions and microdensitometry. Besides five major protein fractions, which are present in both sexes, three female-specific protein bands (vitellogenins) are found in the hemolymph and in maturing oocytes. These vitellogenins have molecular masses of 430, 300 and 240 kiloDalton. In fact, associated with the main 300-kD band, there were two smaller bands (320 and 280 kD) indistinguishable by densitometric measurement. Quantitative changes of vitellogenins are linked to oocyte maturation. These proteins appeared in the hemolymph before ecdysis, at the same time as the first yolk granules in the basal oocytes. They increased after ecdysis during the intense vitellogenic phase and decreased during chorion formation. In noninseminated females, in which all maturing oocytes are resorbed before chorion formation, the level of the 300 kD vitellogenins remained lower than in inseminated females. The quantity of vitellogenins fell only after complete oosorption. Thus insemination caused changes in the relative quantities of the different vitellogenic proteins.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030306
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Properties of larval and imaginal membrane-bound digestive enzymes from Trichosia pubescens (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 181-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): aminopeptidase ; α-glucosidase ; trehalase ; larval midgut enzymes ; adult midgut enzymes ; midgut membrane-bound enzymes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Trichosia pubescens larval midgut ceca cells display in their plasma membranes α-glucosidases (Mr 95,000; pHo 5.5; Km 5.7 mM; Ki for TRIS 8.9 mM), trehalases (Mr 69,000; pHo 5.3; Km 0.92 mM; Ki for TRIS 57 mM), and aminopeptidases (Mr 95,000; pHo 8.7; Km 0.19 mM) which are solubilized by Triton X-100. The enzymes were purified by electrophoresis and used to raise antibodies in a rabbit. T. pubescens imaginal midgut cells display in their plasma membranes an α-glucosidase (Mr 156,000; pHo 5.8; Km 2.3 mM; Ki for TRIS 0.2 mM), a trehalase (Mr 93,000; pHo 5.5; Km 0.72 mM; Ki for TRIS 45.5 mM), and an aminopeptidase (Mr 210,000; pHo 9.0; Km 0.47 mM). Antiserum produced against the larval enzymes shows no precipitation arc when tested by double immunodiffusion or by immunoelectrophoresis with Triton X-100-solubilized membrane proteins from imaginal midguts. Otherwise, a similar test showed that larval midgut cecal enzymes and larval ventriculus enzymes display complete immunological identity. The data suggest that, despite the fact the larval and imaginal aminopeptidase, α-glucosidase, and trehalase probably have similar functions, the genes coding for them in larvae and imagoes must differ.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030208
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030301
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effect of L-canavanine and L-canaline on the hemolymph amino acid composition of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 265-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): L-canavanine ; L-canaline ; Manduca sexta ; plant-insect interactions ; hemolymph amino acids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Tobacco hornworm larvae, Manduca sexta (L.) (Sphingidae), were administered L-canaline either by parenteral injection or by dietary consumption. The overt toxicity and the alteration of hemolymph amino acids caused by these nonprotein amino acids were evaluated. The LD50 value for parenterally administered canavanine and canaline is 1.0 and 2.5 mg/g fresh body weight, respectively. A dietary concentration of 5.2 mM for canavanine and over 20 mM for canaline represent the respective LC50 values. A large percentage of the larvae reared on diets supplemented with additional arginine, ornithine, or 2,4-diaminobutyric acid in addition to canavanine or canaline were unable to complete larval-pupal ecdysis. These toxic effects were associated with a decreased glutamic acid hemolymph titer and dramatically elevated ornithine. On the other hand, larvae administered canavanine or canaline alone, either by dietary consumption or parenteral injection, experienced less drastic developmental aberrations. These symptoms were in some cases correlated with increased ornithine and glutamic acid titers. Evidence is presented that even a canavanine- and canaline-sensitive insect such as M. sexta has a marked ability to eliminate these protective allelochemicals.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030305
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Masthead (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030401
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Utilization of Δ5,7 - and Δ8-sterols by larvae of Heliothis zea (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 349-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Heliothis zea ; cholesterol ; 7-dehydrocholesterol ; 24-dihydrolanosterol ; 4,4-dimethylcholesterol ; ergosterol ; lanosterol ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Larvae from two populations of Heliothis zea were reared on artificial diets containing various sterols, which supported suboptimal growth, and their tissue sterols were characterized in order to determine how these dietary sterols are utilized by this insect. The sterols studied included Δ5,7-sterols (7-dehydrocholesterol or ergosterol), Δ8-sterols (lanosterol and/or 24-dihydrolanosterol), and a Δ5-sterol (4,4-dimethylcholesterol). Although larvae did not develop on 4,4-dimethylcholesterol, those fed primarily Δ8-4,4,14-trimethylsterols developed to the third instar. When the latter sterols were spared with cholesterol, the larvae reached the sixth instar and contained 4,4,14-trimethylsterols as well as cholesterol in their tissues. When larvae were fed 7-dehydrocholesterol, 〈1% of the larvae from one population developed to the sixth instar and these larvae contained 7-dehydrocholesterol as their principal sterol. The other larvae successfully completed their larval stage when they were transferred from the diet containing 7-dehydrocholesterol (or no sterol) to a diet containing cholesterol within at least 9 days. The sterol composition of larvae transferred from a diet containing cholesterol to a diet containing 7-dehydrocholesterol, after they had reached 60% of their final weight, was 54% cholesterol and 46% 7-dehydrocholesterol. The major sterol isolated from the tissues of the larvae fed ergosterol was also 7-dehydrocholesterol. Therefore, although the larva of H. zea can dealkylate and saturate the side chain of the Δ5,7,22-24β-methylsterol, it carries out little metabolism of the B ring of the nucleus. These studies demonstrate that, when Δ5,7- or Δ8-sterols are the principal sterols in the diet of H. zea, they are absorbed and incorporated into its tissues, although they slow the rate of growth and may prevent complete development of the larva.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030404
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Biosynthesis of makisterone A and 20-hydroxyecdysone from labeled sterols by the honey bee, Apis mellifera (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 415-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): campesterol ; cholesterol ; sitosterol ; 24-methylenecholesterol ; ecdysteroids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In an effort to determine the sterol precursor(s) of the 28-carbon ecdysteroid, makisterone A, honey bee pupae (13 days post-oviposition) were injected with radiolabeled sterols and subsequently examined for labeled ecdysteroids. High performance liquid chromatography of the pupal extracts revealed that [3H]campesterol was converted to a compound that behaved chromatographically identical to authentic makisterone A, and [14C]cholesterol was incorporated into a compound chromatographically like 20-hydroxyecdysone. No incorporation of either 24-[3H]methylenecholesterol or [14C]sitosterol into an ecdysteroid was observed. The neutral sterols of uninjected honey bee pupae contained 49.8% 24-methylenecholesterol on a relative percent basis and, with three other C28 and C29 sterols, accounted for over 99% of the total sterols present.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030502
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Larval development, developmental arrest, and hormone levels in the couple Galleria mellonella (lepidoptera-pyralidae) - Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (diptera-tachinidae) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Tachinidae ; host-parasitoid interactions ; developmental arrest ; juvenile hormones ; ecdysteroids ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: During their growth on the substitution host Galleria mellonella, about onethird of Pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata larvae undergo a developmental arrest in the middle of the second stage. To assess the extent of endocrine involvement, juvenile hormone (JH) and ecdysteroid (ECD) determinations by radioimmunoassays were made both on G. mellonella and P. nigrolineata throughout the larval development of this parasitoid. The transfer of G. mellonella larvae from the usual rearing temperature (27.5°C) to that required for infestation (21°C) significantly affects hormone titers: the JH level increases 10 to 20 times, while the ECD level becomes 10 times lower. The JH levels are lower in hosts with parasitoids in developmental arrest than in those with P. nigrolineata in continuous growth, but the high variability makes it seem unlikely that the titer of this hormone is critical in regulating development of the parasitoid. ECD levels are depressed in the hosts with parasitoids in developmental arrest and are increased when the parasitoids resume growth. Therefore, we propose that the main cause of the developmental arrest of P. nigrolineata is the low ECD levels characterizing some G. mellonella larvae for which the transfer to 21°C has induced some physiological disturbances.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030506
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ecdysone 20-hydroxylation in imaginal wing discs of Pieris brassicae (lepidoptera): Correlations with ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone titers in pupae (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 501-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): ecdysone ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; ecdysone 20-hydroxylase ; imaginal discs ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Ecdysone 20-hydroxylase activity has been detected in pupal wing discs of Pieris brassicae. This activity is due to an enzyme system located in microsomal fractions. Its apparent Km is 58 nM for ecdysone. The enzyme is inhibited by the reaction product 20-hydroxyecdysone with an apparent Ki of 2.6 μM. Its activity varied during pupal-adult development with a maximum on day 4, when ecdysone levels are the highest in the animal. Although low, the peak activity is sufficient to assure 25% of the conversion of endogenous ecdysone into 20-hydroxyecdysone in pupae. Ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone levels were measured in hemolymph and whole animals; ecdysone appears to be mainly located in hemolymph, whereas 20-hydroxyecdysone seems to be equally distributed between hemolymph and tissues. All these findings are discussed in relation to the roles of ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone during pupal-adult development.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030602
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Announcements (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 600-600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030609
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The polypeptide structure of Vitellogenin and Vitellin from the cockroach, Leucophaea maderae (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 577-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Leucophaea maderae ; polypeptide structure ; protein processing ; yolk proteins ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Vitellogenin (Vg) synthesized by the fat body of Leucophaea maderaeis made up of four polypeptides with molecular weights of 160,000, 105,000, 98,000, and 57,000. Other polypeptides previously reported as part of Vg are associated with other proteins. Vitellin (Vt), the yolk protein (YP) isolated from mature oocytes and from newly formed oothecae, is a protein with a sedimentation coefficient of 28s and consists of three polypeptides with molecular weights of 105,000, 85,000, and 57,000. During vitellogenesis, the YP of developing oocytes contains both Vt and a 14s component. The 14s component is made up of four polypeptides with molecular weights of 105,000, 90,000, 85,000, and 57,000. The data suggest that 14s may not be a discrete protein but rather a form in transition between Vg and Vt in which the 98,000 dalton polypeptide is converted to the 85,000 dalton polypeptide of Vt through a 90,000 dalton intermediate. The 160,000 dalton peptide of Vg does not appear to be a part of Vt. Under alkaline conditions, both the 14s component and Vt are reduced to a polypeptide with a lower sedimentation rate in sucrose gradients. When acid conditions are restored, a protein resembling 14s is obtained. This suggests that the YP is a loosely held aggregate of similar or identical proteins with a molecular weight of about 250,000.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030608
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Yolk polypeptide processing in the fat body of Sarcophaga bullata (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 87-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): yolk polypeptides ; 20-hydroxyecdysone ; in vitro translation ; processing ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: In Sarcophaga bullata there are at least three genes coding for the major yolk polypeptides. By means of the reticulocyte cell-free translation system in combination with dog pancreatic microsomal membranes, it was demonstrated that minor processing of the peptides occurs in Sarcophaga. Prior to secretion, only the cleavage of the signal peptide is observed.In vitro translation experiments also revealed that Sarcophaga males require only 20-hydroxyecdysone and not juvenile hormone for the induction of the yolk polypeptide transcription. Following a single injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone in males, in vivo pulse labeling experiments showed that translation of the yolk polypeptides continues for no longer than 24-36 h; only a continuous stimulation by 20-hydroxyecdysone results in prolonged synthesis of the yolk polypeptides.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030710
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Into the lair of the gene (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 3 (1986), S. 143-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Drosophila ; P elements ; regulatory sequences ; polytene chromosomes ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: A new picture of gene and chromosome structure is emerging in Drosophila that differs considerably from that largely derived from polytene chromosome banding patterns and saturation mutagenesis. In particular, gene transfer has enabled us to more clearly limit the functional unit of a number of genes. Gene regulation may be studied at the molecular level with such techniques. The possible complexity of regulatory elements that may pose problems in their analysis is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940030715
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hormonal control of locust oviducts (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): oviducal muscle ; spontaneous contractility ; myotropin ; Locusta ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: The oviducal muscles of the locust, Locusta migratoria, contract in a spontaneous and rhythmic fashion when isolated from the central nervous system. Hemolymph of ovipositing females, when added to isolated locust oviducts, altered the spontaneous contractility of the oviduct. This response was not evident after addition of hemolymph from a nonovipositing female and was still present after addition of the α-aminergic receptor antagonist, phentolamine.Oviducts in which mature eggs were present responded to homogenates of the corpus cardiacum by increasing both the frequency and amplitude of muscular contraction, whereas oviducts devoid of eggs showed no response. Extracts of ventral nerve cord also increased the spontaneous activity of the oviduct musculature. Although the muscles of the oviduct responded to homogenates of the brain, this response differed in two ways from the response due to corpus cardiacum homogenates. First, oviducts devoid of mature eggs responded to brain homogenates; and second, the response caused by the brain homogenates could be eliminated by the addition of 1 μM phenoxybenzamine. The significance of these results is discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040105
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Meeting announcements (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 79-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040108
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Posteclosion behavior of the flesh fly, Sarcophaga crassipalpis: A comparison of wild-type and unicorn mutants (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology 4 (1987), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0739-4462
    Schlagwort(e): eclosion behavior ; emergence ; hemolymph pressure ; pulsing ; pumping ; grooming ; Chemistry ; Food Science, Agricultural, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Newly emerged flies go through a stereotypic behavioral pattern of walking, grooming, abdomen contraction (pulsing), and active uptake of air (pumping). These behavioral activities can be readily distinguished on the basis of hemolymph pressure changes. Wild-type flies and a unicorn mutant that fails to properly retract its ptilinum show identical patterns of posteclosion activity. However, a portion of the unicorns do not fully expand their wings and abdomen. Such flies are missing only the pumping component of the normal behavioral repertory, thus implying that pulsing and pumping are independently controlled.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/arch.940040203
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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