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  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (1.122)
  • General Chemistry  (809)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (723)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (717)
  • 1975-1979  (3.371)
  • 1975  (3.371)
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  • 1975-1979  (3.371)
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  • 1
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    The maturation of lunar dust grains (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2005-02-24
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Res. in the Space Sci., Vol. 2, No. 1; 3 p
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  • 2
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    Data availability and the role of the earth resources observation systems data center (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: With the launch of LANDSAT-1 in July 1972, and the follow-on launch of LANDSAT-2 in January of this year, routine availability of satellite imagery and electronic data of the earth's resources has become a reality. Federal data centers provide LANDSAT data to resource managers and the general public. These data centers have to date provided almost 500,000 frames of LANDSAT data at a cost of more than $2,000,000. Data from the LANDSAT satellite program, along with data and information from the Skylab manned program, are available over any location to anyone for the cost of reproduction.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 372-378
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  • 3
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    Remote sensing in Minnesota: Evaluation of programs and current needs (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Aerial photographs of the entire state were used to develop information on geomorphic regions, land ownership, forest cover, soils, geology, land classification and land capability. LANDSAT imagery was included to update many photomaps for land use classification and urban development planning.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 340-350
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  • 4
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    Alaska's needs in remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Joint Federal/State remote data sensing centers are advocated to help survey Alaska for land use planning by aerial photography and LANDSAT imagery. The centers are to provide satellite derived information in land use planning and offshore oil developments.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 315-318
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  • 5
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    The use of satellite data for regional planning (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The experience of the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Regional Council of Governments in its development of a regional land use inventory from computer processing of LANDSAT 1 digital tapes and the use of those data in the OKI water quality planning program are discussed. A major part of the planning program is the prediction of water quality in rivers and lakes resulting from existing and future land uses. A model has been developed that can predict the flow of sediment, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and organic wastes into major streams. An essential input to this model is an accurate map of land use derived from LANDSAT 1 digital tapes.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 356-358
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  • 6
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    User requirements for project-oriented remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Registration of remotely sensed data to geodetic coordinates provides for overlay analysis of land use data. For aerial photographs of a large area, differences in scales, dates, and film types are reconciled, and multispectral scanner data are machine registered at the time of acquisition.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 319-325
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  • 7
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    Oilspill surveillance, detection, and evaluation by remote sensing (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Aerial and fixed platform oil spill detection systems primarily utilize remote sensors for data acquisition and pollution monitoring purposes. In addition to aerial photography and infrared reflectance sensors, a laser backscatter sensor and an ultraviolet fluorescence sensor are considered for application in pollution surveillance systems.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 271-279
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  • 8
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    Remote measurement of shoreline changes in coastal Alabama (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: It is shown that remotely sensed data, whether in digital or imagery form, provide objective, systematic measurements of coastal zone characteristics when compared with traditional measurement techniques. An example is given for Alabama shoreline parameters using LANDSAT 1 composite mapping.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 224-231
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  • 9
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    South Louisiana remote-sensing environmental information system (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Satellite gathered remote sensor data were used to update a basic environmental atlas of southern Louisiana to reflect recent dynamic geological changes, such as erosion by wave action along the coast and active delta building in the lower part of the Mississippi Basin. Standard pattern recognition programs were utilized to update LANDSAT pictures for three categories (generalized land use, ecological zones and vegetation) to obtain a simulated color photomap for LANDSAT frames for further rectification by a table lookup program.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 217-223
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  • 10
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    Louisiana comprehensive planning information system (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A statewide computerized land use mapping system is reported that uses polygons to identify inventories from aerial photography by employing the USGS classification system. In addition, the system provides soil, population, and housing census data as well as economic indicators that can be useful in relating to the overall system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 326-339
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  • 11
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    Remote sensing in Arizona (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Orthophotoquads prepared from high altitude photography and LANDSAT imagery were utilized for land use mapping and urban development planning. LANDSAT imagery of rough terrains were evaluated by photographic projection on a viewer screen for enlargement of details.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 300-314
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  • 12
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    Status of coastal zone management techniques (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Remote panchromatic imagery was applied to develop a coastal zone management atlas that provides for land cover or vegetation surveys as well as land use stereographic mapping for regional planning purposes.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 173-175
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  • 13
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    Remote-sensing applications in the State of Mississippi (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: A computer derived land use classification scheme for infrared LANDSAT imagery was developed and applied to update existing Mississippi coastline data. Inventory classifications were accomplished by photographic enlargement and photointerpretations showing color coded resources on the ground.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 282-290
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  • 14
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    Remote-sensing applications as utilized in Florida's coastal zone management program (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Land use maps were developed from photomaps obtained by remote sensing in order to develop a comprehensive state plan for the protection, development, and zoning of coastal regions. Only photographic remote sensors have been used in support of the coastal council's planning/management methodology. Standard photointerpretation and cartographic application procedures for map compilation were used in preparing base maps.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 232-241
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  • 15
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    California nearshore surface currents (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: During the oceanic period from July to November, the southward flowing California current dominates the nearshore current patterns. Commencing about the middle of November and extending to mid-February, the Davidson current, a northward moving countercurrent, is the dominant inshore transporter of water and suspensates. The phenomenon of upwelling is prevalent during the period from the middle of February to the end of July. Thus, every year along the coast of California, there are three successive current seasons: the oceanic, the Davidson, and the upwelling. This paper is a discussion of the nature of these nearshore currents. In addition, the capabilities of various remote sensing platforms and systems for providing methods of monitoring the coastal processes associated with the current seasons of California are demonstrated herein.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 195-216
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  • 16
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    Information flow of land and water-related data in the State of Wisconsin (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Digital data from the infrared LANDSAT imagery were used to classify eutrophication levels of lakes in an effort to observe the effect of thermal discharges from power stations. LANDSAT data were also applied to identify and monitor wetlands, for soil surveys, sedimentation transport, and in general to assist in land use planning and resources management.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 291-296
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  • 17
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    Applications of remote-sensing technology to environmental problems of Delaware and Delaware Bay (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Digital processing of multispectral LANDSAT data was used to develop a computerized model for predicting oil slick movement within the Delaware Bay. LANDSAT imagery was also used to monitor offshore waste disposal sites for mapping of wetlands, and charting of tidal currents.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 188-194
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  • 18
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    Information needs: Perceived and real for state decisionmakers (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Remote sensing techniques provide important information for land and water use planning organizations in order to assess coastal developments and their impact on water resources, sediment transport, erosion, and marine biology. Political expediency requires pertinent data acquisition and data dissemination to local populations for coastal zone management decision making.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 176-187
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  • 19
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    Coast Guard/NOAA/NASA Great Lakes Project Icewarn (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The operational feasibility of using remote sensing to provide all weather ice formation for Great Lakes winter navigation is explored. A combination airborne pulsed radar system to measure actual ice thickness, a satellite data link system, and a hand drawn interpretive ice chart proved valuable for extending winter navigation through the icepack.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 261-270
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  • 20
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    Remote sensing in the State of Ohio. 1. Public policy. 2. System development (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Different types of satellite and conventional remote sensing data are used to monitor urban growth and the pattern of development. Software programs were developed for a growth allocation model that uses LANDSAT information as the basic component.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 351-355
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  • 21
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    Remote-sensing applications for Texas (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The earth resources remote sensing activity of Texas and its applications are reported. A combination of digital, photographic, and traditional methods is being used to manage the water impoundments inventory, a land use survey, a wildlife habitat survey, and a coastal zone survey.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 297-299
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  • 22
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    Earth-type planets (Mercury, Venus, and Mars) (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Spacecraft- and Earth-based studies on the physical nature of the planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars are reported. Charts and graphs are presented on planetary surface properties, rotational parameters, atmospheric compositions, and astronomical characteristics.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: NASA, Washington Found. of Space Biol. and Med., Vol. 1; p 133-196
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  • 23
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    Remote sensing, a sketch of the technology (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: Information is provided on how a potential user of remote sensing technology can gain access to all of the products and services he will need to get started. It was envisioned that these include data, training, hardware, and software. A very brief tutorial summary of the fundamentals of the technology is presented.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 367-370
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  • 24
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    Policy implications in developing a land use management information systems (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-12
    Beschreibung: The current land use map for the city of Los Angeles was developed by the guesstimation process and provides single stage information for each level in the critical geographical hierarchy for land use planning management. Processing and incorporation of LANDSAT data in the land use information system requires special funding; however, computergraphic maps are able to provide a viable information system for city planning and management.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-B; p 359-365
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  • 25
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    Lunakhod-2: Preliminary research results (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: Results from the Lunakhod 2 experiment on the surface property variations and relief structure of lunar craters are presented. Tectonic fractures, iron composition of lunar rocks, magnetic measurements, lunar sky brightness, and corpuscular radiation of the lunar body were studied.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Mod. Achievements of Cosmonautics (NASA-TT-F-16221); p 39-50
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  • 26
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    Lunakhod-2 in Lemonnier crater (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2006-01-11
    Beschreibung: A study of surface properties of the Lemonnier Crater by Lunakhod 2 is summarized. Special efforts were made to determine the variations of physical-chemical properties of the lunar surface as a function of the selenological-morphological structure in the transition zone of a mare region to the highlands. Studies were also made of the local magnetic situation, physical-mechanical properties of the soil, and the optical properties of the surface.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Mod. Achievements of Cosmonautics (NASA-TT-F-16221); p 5-19
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  • 27
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    Information/user services, summary (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Various aspects of the technology which are available to users now are described. Specific topics discussed include: data distribution: availability of and access to data; technology transfer: system use illustrations and availability of training; hardware systems descriptions: processing hardware constructed and available; data processing techniques: individual processing techniques; and future developments: a sampling of future technology.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 123-127
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  • 28
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    The Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE). Part 2: Yield estimates from meteorological information (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Crop-weather models developed for wheat from an assembled base of approximately 45 years of climatic records and historic wheat yield and production data at the stratum level are described. Utilization of meteorological data acquired by the NOAA satellites is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 63-65
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  • 29
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    Department of the Interior program (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The remote sensing activities of the Department of Interior are summarized. The use of satellite imagery in land and water management is described. Specific topics discussed include: land use mapping, exploration and discovery of metal, oil, and gas deposits, location of geological faults, and repetitive monitoring of dynamic environmental phenomena related to water resources.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 33-36
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  • 30
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    Lack of agreement over the use and ownership of the internationally shared resources (such as air space, outer space and the oceans) leading to international conflict (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The lack of adequate institutional mechanisms to regulate, monitor and govern the use of commonly owned world resources appears to be politically destabilizing and subject to socioeconomic pressures of overpopulation, food shortages, cartelism, terrorism, and wealth distribution to developing countries. The capacity and propensity to wage war and its potential consequences are elaborated. It is shown that technology is one of the dominant factors affecting the exploration and management of commonly shared resources.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: The Future Environment; 29 p
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  • 31
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    Applications of ERTS imagery to mappings sediments of the Twin Cities Metropolitan area (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: ERTS images were compared to surficial geologic maps, prepared through traditional field studies. Lithologic boundaries, bedrock outcrops, bedrock structures, and geomorphologic features were examined. An area southeast of the Twin Cities, located chiefly in northern Dakota County was studied, as well as the New Brighton 15-minute quadrangle located in portions of Ramsey and Anoka Counties. Visual comparison of geologic maps and ERTS imagery demonstrated the limitations of this approach to geological investigations. Bedrock outcrops and bedrock structure in the metropolitan area do not appear on ERTS imagery. However, certain glacial sediments can be identified and are potentially mappable. Certain geomorphological features were also discernable.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Minn. Univ. A study of Minn. Forests and Lakes using Data from Earth Resources Technol. Satellites; 30 p
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  • 32
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    Remote sensing applications to hydrology in Minnesota (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Development of low lying southeastern shore of Pike Lake is described as part of the Rice Creek watershed study. Several small wetlands in Arden Hills, Minnesota were incorporated into the drainage plans as pollutant and nutrient sinks rather than being infilled. Lake water quality in the St. Paul-Minneapolis metropolitan area was analyzed using Landsat images. In the same urban area, the inventory and seasonal change of the open water were also studied.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: A Study of Minn. Forests and Lakes using Data from Earth Resources Technol. Satellites; 66 p
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  • 33
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    Transport and emplacement of crater and basin deposits (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Material is ejected from impact craters in ballastic trajectories; it impacts first near the crater rim and then at progressively greater ranges. Ejecta from craters smaller than approximately 1 km are laid predominantly on top of the surrounding surface. With increasing crater size, more and more surrounding surface will be penetrated by secondary cratering action, and these preexisting materials will be mixed with primary crater ejecta. Ejecta from large craters, and especially basin-forming events, not only excavate preexisting local materials, but also are capable of moving large amounts of material away from the crater. Thus mixing and lateral transport give rise to continuous deposits that contain materials from within and outside the primary crater. As a consequence, ejecta of basins and large highland craters have eroded and mixed highland materials throughout geologic time and deposited them in depressions inside and between older crater structures.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    Planetary geology (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The solar system is considered along with the significance of meteorites as samples of the universe, the origin of planets, and earth's-eye view of the moon, previews of the lunar surface, aspects of impact cratering, lunar igneous processes, the mapping of the moon, the exploration of the moon in connection with the Apollo lunar landings, and the scientific payoff from the lunar samples. Studies of Mars, Venus, and the planets beyond are discussed, taking into account the Mariner Mars program, the Mariner orbiting mission, missions to Venus, the Mariner flight to Mercury, and the Pioneer missions. Attention is also given to the origin of the moon, implications of the moon's thermal history, similarities and differences in planetary evolution, and the role of internal energy in planetary development.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    Petrology of lunar soils (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The paper summarizes the physical and petrographic characteristics of the finer-grained fractions (less than 1 cm) of lunar regolith soil in Apollo and Luna samples. Lunar soils are poorly sorted and consist mostly of lithic and mineral debris derived by impact comminution of the underlying bedrock and glass particles formed by impact melting. Agglutinates constitute an important soil component and are key factors in the genetic history of lunar soil. Some models concerning the development of lunar regolith based on soil studies are examined.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; Aug. 197
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  • 36
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    On the origin of ultraviolet constrasts on Venus (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Models for the origin of the contrasts in the ultraviolet images of Venus are examined in an attempt to determine the physical differences between light and dark regions fundamental to a clear understanding of the apparent cloud motions. To evaluate the meaning of the wavelength dependence of the contrasts, an improved determination of the spherical albedo curve for Venus in the 0.225-1.06 micron range is made by fitting appropriate theoretical models to the observations of monochromatic magnitudes as a function of phase angle. It is shown that, because of differences between the spectral dependences of spherical albedo and contrasts, at least one major absorber other than the one causing the contrasts is almost certainly required. Several classes of models are compatible with present observational evidence. The contrasts and the absorption associated with them may in fact be occurring below, within or above the main visible cloud layer, and thus an unambiguous interpretation of the apparent cloud motions is not possible.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 37
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    Interpretation of the variation of polarization over the disk of Venus (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The polarization of reflected sunlight is computed for model atmospheres of Venus as a function of location on the apparent planetary disk. The calculations are for both homogeneous and layered models, as required to investigate the vertical distribution of particles. The results are compared with available observations. It is shown that the Rayleigh scattering observed in the polarization of Venus originates primarily from within the visible clouds, rather than from above the clouds. The visible 'clouds' are actually a very diffuse hazy region, and this visible-cloud layer extends at least up to the level where the pressure is of the order of 10 mb. The results indicate that the atmosphere behaves more nearly as the so-called 'homogeneous model' than as the 'reflecting-layer model'. However, there is some indication in the data that the turbidity increases with depth into the atmosphere. This conclusion receives stronger support from a comparison of particle number densities obtained from the polarization data with the number densities obtained from other observations which refer on the average to higher and lower levels in the atmosphere.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 32; June 197
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  • 38
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    Polar symmetric flow of a viscous compressible atmosphere - An application to Mars (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The atmosphere is assumed to be driven by a polar symmetric temperature field. The surface pressure gradient exhibits a latitudinal dependence opposite that of the depth-averaged temperature. The magnitude of the gradient is dependent upon the depth of the boundary layer, which depends upon the eddy viscosity, the boundary conditions imposed at the surface, and upon the temperature lapse rate. Using a temperature model for Mars based on Mariner 9 infrared spectral data with a 30% increase in the depth-averaged temperature from the winter pole to the subsolar point, the increase in surface pressure from the subsolar point to the winter pole was calculated as a function of eddy viscosity with no-slip conditions imposed at the surface. The meridional cellular flow rate is correlated with the eddy viscosity, causing a complete overturning of the atmosphere in tens of days for an eddy viscosity of .1 billion sq cm/sec and in hundreds of days for 1 million sq cm/sec. The implication of this overturning in the dust storm observed during the early part of the Mariner 9 mission is discussed briefly.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences; 32; Jan. 197
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  • 39
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    Extinct radioactivities - Trapped residuals of presolar grains (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The xenon anomalies trapped in meteorites and the moon may have first been trapped in circumstellar grains formed in or outside of postexplosive stars. In that case, the initial solar nebula need not have contained most of their radioactive progenitors, and this would necessitate major revision of the history of solar system formation.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 40
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    A determination of the lunar moment of inertia (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An estimate of the second zonal coefficient of the spherical-harmonic representation of the lunar gravitational field has been obtained from an analysis of particular orbital-element variations of the Explorer 35 and Explorer 49 spacecraft. Data from these spacecraft were used because the orbital configurations resulted in variations of the longitude of periapse and node which were, to first order, dependent only on the even zonal harmonics. The data time span for each satellite was extremely long: 2138 days for Explorer 35 and 230 days for Explorer 49. The value of the harmonic coefficient is determined and used to obtain a value of the lunar moment of inertia.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; Aug. 197
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  • 41
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    Thicknesses of some lunar mare basalt flows and ejecta blankets based on chemical kinetic data (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 39; Aug. 197
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  • 42
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    Mineralogy, petrology, and geochemistry of the lunar samples (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The geochemistry of the bulk moon is considered, taking into account the large-scale chemical view of the lunar surface which has been obtained with the aid of three remote sensing experiments utilizing X-ray fluorescence, a gamma-ray spectrometer, and visible and near infrared reflectance measurements. Attention is also given to the regolith, the mare basins, and the lunar highlands and crust.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; July 197
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  • 43
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    Mars gravity field based on a short-arc technique (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The magnitudes of 92 surface mass points at designated locations were estimated from the radio tracking data of the Mariner Mars 1971 (M9) orbiter. This result is the first mass point model of a global field. The derived surface mass distribution correlates positively with the visible topography. The Hellas basin contains a mass deficiency, in contrast to some of the lunar basins which contain mass excesses. The Mars gravity field represented by the four parameters of an optimally located mass point (superimposed on an oblate spheroid) has third- and fourth-degree harmonics comparable to those of the complete model.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 10
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  • 44
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    An analytical model of the Jovian magnetosphere (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Using Euler potentials, we construct a class of axisymmetric magnetic field models that exhibit the general features of the dayside Jovian field as observed by Pioneers 10 and 11. The particular model used for illustration contains a distended, disk-like field along the equator, a blunt, earth-like magnetosphere boundary, and the possibility of multiple trapping regions along a field line. The self-consistent ring current is calculated, together with representative drift periods for energetic particles.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; July 197
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  • 45
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    The utility of surface temperature measurements for the remote sensing of surface soil water status (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Experiments carried out on an Avondale loam soil indicated that the thermal inertia concept of soil water content detection is reasonably sound. The volumetric water contents of surface soil layers between 2 and 4 cm thick were found to be linear functions of the amplitude of the diurnal surface soil temperature wave for clear day-night periods. They were also found to be linear functions of the daily maximum value of the surface soil-air-temperature differential. Tests on three additional soils ranging from sandy loam to clay indicated that the relations determined for Avondale loam could not be accurately applied to these other soil types. When the moisture characteristic curves of each soil were used to transform water contents into pressure potentials, however, it was found that soil water pressure potential could be determined without prior knowledge of soil type, and thus its value as a potential soil water status survey tool was significantly enhanced.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 20
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  • 46
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    The magnetic field of Mercury. I (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An updated analysis and interpretation are presented of the magnetic field observations obtained during the Mariner 10 encounter with the planet Mercury on March 29, 1974. The combination of data relating to position of the detached bow shock wave and magnetopause and the geometry and magnitude of the magnetic field within the magnetosphere-like region surrounding Mercury lead to the conclusion that an internal planetary field exists with dipole moment approximately 5.1 times 10 to the 22nd G per cu cm. The dipole axis has a polarity sense similar to that of earth and is tilted 7 deg from the normal to Mercury's orbital plane. The magnetic field observations reveal a significant distortion of the modest Hermean field by the solar wind flow and the formation of a magnetic tail and neutral sheet which begins close to the planet on the night side. Presently, an active dynamo mechanism in the planetary interior appears to be favored in the interpretation of the field origin.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; July 1
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  • 47
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    Earth as an intense planetary radio source - Similarities to Jupiter and Saturn (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Observations from spacecraft have revealed naturally occurring radio emission emanating from two regions near earth. The characteristics of these two sources suggest a correlation with areas of known electron precipitation. The possibility of a similar production mechanism for observed nonthermal radio emissions from other planetary magnetospheres permits the polar magnetic field strengths of Jupiter and Saturn to be predicted.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Science; 189; July 25
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  • 48
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    Saturn radio emission near 1 MHz (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Radio emissions from the direction of Saturn are analyzed which were observed by IMP-6 at 15 frequencies between 375 and 2200 kHz from April 1971 to October 1972. The radio bursts are identified in the IMP-6 data by a phase analysis of the spin-modulated signal from the spacecraft's dipole antenna, and approximately 12 storms are isolated whose occurrence corresponded to times when the spacecraft had an unobstructed view in the direction of Saturn. The spectral character of the radiation is found to be analogous to that of Jupiter, and a power-spectral analysis of the storm occurrence times indicates a weak periodicity for some of the observing frequencies. The Saturnian emission most similar to Jupiter's decametric emission is found to be strongest at 1100 kHz with a bandwidth of about 1000 kHz. A secondary spectral peak may exist at 400 kHz, which is similar to that observed for Earth and Jupiter. The detection of this nonthermal radio emission is shown to be the first direct evidence for the existence of a Saturnian magnetic field containing energetic particles.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 198; June 1
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  • 49
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    Venus cloud properties - Infrared opacity and mass mixing ratio (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: By using the Mariner 5 temperature profile and a homogeneous cloud model, and assuming that CO2 and cloud particles are the only opacity sources, the wavelength dependence of the Venus cloud opacity is inferred from the infrared spectrum of the planet between 450 and 1250 per cm. Volume extinction coefficients varying from 0.000005 to 0.000015 per cm, depending on the wavelength, are determined at the tropopause level of 6110 km. By using all available data, a cloud mass mixing ratio of approximately 0.000005 and a particle concentration of about 900 particles per cu cm at this level are also inferred. The derived cloud opacity compares favorably with that expected for a haze of droplets of a 75% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Icarus; 25; May 1975
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  • 50
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    Observations of Jupiter at 26.3 MHz using a large array (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A 640 element phase-steerable dipole array has been used to make highly sensitive observations of the planet Jupiter during the 1973 apparition. The satellite Io is found to have very little influence at the low flux levels, whereas the definition of sources A and B appears to be relatively flux independent. A two-dimensional analysis of the data in the Jupiter-Io plane has revealed considerable source B activity at low intensities which is not influenced by Io.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Icarus; 25; May 1975
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  • 51
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    44 Nysa - An iron-depleted asteroid (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The minor planet 44 Nysa has a unique combination of photopolarimetric parameters, with the most nearly neutral UBV colors, the shallowest negative polarization branch, and by far the highest polarimetric albedo yet obtained for any asteroid. Its surface apparently consists of a low-opacity, iron-free silicate strongly suggestive of enstatite achondrites.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 198; May 15
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  • 52
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    Magnetic field of Mercury confirmed (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Observations made by Mariner 10 during its third encounter with Mercury (Mercury III) are presented which confirm the tentative conclusion drawn from the first encounter (Mercury I) that Mercury has a modest intrinsic magnetic field. Some comparison between Mercury I and III data and trajectories is attempted, and the superior affirmative nature of Mercury III is pointed out. Definitive bow shock and magnetopause detections of solar wind deflection were made during both passes.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 255; May 15
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  • 53
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    The Pioneer 10 radio occultation measurements of the ionosphere of Jupiter (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Data from the Pioneer 10 radio occultation measurements are utilized to study the vertical electron number density distribution in the Jovian ionosphere. The immersion measurements were made at 26 North latitude in the late afternoon local time. The solar zenith angle in this region was 81 deg. Emersion measurements were made at 58 North latitude near the morning terminator where the solar zenith angle was 95 deg. The detectable portion of the Jovian ionosphere consists of a number of layers distributed over an altitude range of more than 3000 km. The maximum density appears to be on the order of 30,000 electrons per cu cm. Assuming that H(+) is the principal ion in the upper portion of the ionosphere yields a topside plasma temperature of 900 plus or minus 400 K.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astronomy and Astrophysics; 39; 1, Fe; Feb. 197
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  • 54
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    The role of ballistic erosion and sedimentation in lunar stratigraphy (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Aspects of base surge transport are considered along with questions regarding the applicability of base surge transport to lunar sedimentation, the ballistic transport of crater and basin ejecta, Copernicus crater ballistics, and the effects of ejecta impact on preexisting lunar ground. An ejecta emplacement model is discussed and attention is given to the structure of the surface of continuous deposits of craters and basins, the thickness of crater and basin deposits, and the characteristics of impact melts.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics; 13; May 1975
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    Seismic effects from major basin formations on the moon and Mercury (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Grooved and hilly terrains occur at the antipode of major basins on the moon (Imbrium, Orientale) and Mercury (Caloris). Such terrains may represent extensive landslides and surface disruption produced by impact-generated P-waves and antipodal convergence of surface waves. Order-of-magnitude calculations for an Imbrium-size impact on the moon indicate P-wave-induced surface displacements of 10 m at the basin antipode that would arrive prior to secondary ejecta. Comparable surface waves would arrive subsequent to secondary ejecta impacts beyond 1000 km and would increase in magnitude as they converge at the antipode. Other seismically induced surface features include: subdued, furrowed crater walls produced by landslides and concomitant secondary impacts; emplacement and leveling of light plains units owing to seismically induced 'fluidization' of slide material; and perhaps the production and enhancement of deep-seated fractures that led to the concentration of farside lunar maria in the Apollo-Ingenii region.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: The Moon; 12; Feb. 197
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  • 56
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    The ionosphere and atmosphere of Io (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A neon atmosphere and ionosphere is proposed for Io, based on Pioneer 10 observations of the peak electron number density, height of the peak above the surface, and the topside plasma scale height. Calculations of mass, momentum and energy equations for a neon atmosphere yield results that are in reasonable agreement with the observations. A nitrogen atmosphere and a neon-argon-helium atmosphere are also considered. Calculations of the electron number density of a neon ionosphere also yield reasonable agreement with observations. It is noted that Io has about the same mass and radius as the moon, and that Apollo mass spectrometer measurements indicated an abundance of neon in the lunar atmosphere. The presence of other elements, such as hydrogen, helium, and sodium, in Io's atmosphere is also discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; Feb. 197
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  • 57
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    Nonthermal rotational distribution of CO/A 1Pi/ fragments produced by dissociative excitation of CO2 by electron impact (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Measurements were made of the rotational profiles of specific bands of the CO fourth-positive group (4PG). The CO 4PG bands were excited by electron impact dissociative excitation of CO2. The results are applicable to analysis of the Mariner observations of the CO 4PG in the dayglow of Mars. The results indicate that dissociative excitation of CO2 by electron impact leads to CO(A 1Pi) fragments with a rotational distribution that is highly nonthermal. The parent CO2 temperature was about 300 K in the experiment, while the fragment CO(A 1Pi) showed emission band profiles consistent with a rotational temperature greater than about 1500 K. Laboratory measurement of the reduced transmission of the hot bands by thermal CO appears to be the most direct way of determining the column density responsible for the CO(v',0) absorption of Mars.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Jan. 1
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  • 58
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    Venus wind and temperature structure - The Venera 8 data (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Our analysis of the Venera 8 measurements yields equatorial morning terminator horizontal and vertical winds that are similar in a number of respects to the winds we obtained from our analysis of the Venera 7 measurements. The lower boundary of the horizontal retrograde '4-day' wind is defined by a 50-60% decrease in wind speed in the vicinity of 44 km, and there exists a retrograde wind 'plateau' of 15- to 40-m/s winds extending from 40 km down to the vicinity of 18 km, where the winds decrease rapidly to the order of 0.1 m/s near the surface. Updrafts of 2-5 m/s exist in the vicinity of 20-30 km and are apparently associated with a slightly superadiabatic lapse rate.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Jan. 1
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  • 59
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    Mars sample return by orbital rendezvous (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The return of Mars surface samples by the orbital rendezvous mode would require smaller, lighter vehicles than the direct return mode and would limit the exposure of the earth return systems to possible contamination by Martian biota. The reference mission considered would use a single Titan IIIE/Centaur launch vehicle, carry a 1 kg sample, and be launched in late 1981. The spacecraft would consist of an orbiter, a Mars lander, a Mars ascent vehicle, an earth return vehicle, and an earth entry capsule. The Mars ascent vehicle is the only all-new vehicle required, the others being derived from Viking and other programs. A key consideration is the feasibility of automatic rendezvous and sample transfer between the ascent vehicle and orbiter in Mars orbit. The maneuvers required and the maneuver algorithm developed in a NASA feasibility study are described in detail. The possibility of international cooperation on a Mars orbital rendezvous mission is discussed.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Jan. 197
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  • 60
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    Landsat inventory of surface-mined areas using extendable digital techniques (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Army Eng. Topographic Labs. Workshop for Environmental Applications of Multispectral Imagery; p 253-272
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    Computer mapping of Landsat data for environmental applications (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-18
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Army Eng. Topographic Labs. Workshop for Environmental Applications of Multispectral Imagery; p 118-134
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    Stereoisomers of isovaline in the Murchison meteorite (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Isovaline is present in the Murchison meteorite as a racemic mixture (about equal concentrations of the R and S enantiomers). Since isovaline does not have a hydrogen atom on its asymmetric alpha-carbon atom, the racemic mixture could not have formed by commonly accepted mechanisms of racemization. Thus, isovaline in the meteorite most probably was synthesized as a racemic mixture and is not the result of the racemization of either the R or S enantiomer. Other chiral amino acids in the meteorite are present as racemic mixtures, and were probably synthesized in a similar manner by abiotic, extraterrestrial processes.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta; 39; Nov. 197
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    Recirculation of energetic particles in Jupiter's magnetosphere (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A significant new finding from analysis of Pioneer 11 observations in the magnetosphere of Jupiter is that there is net streaming of both electrons E above 40 keV and E above 560 keV and protons in the range from .61 to 3.41 MeV away from the planet along high-latitude field lines. This result is compatible with the recent suggestion of Nishida that energetic particles undergo trans-L shell diffusion at low altitudes without significant change of energy. This provides a plausible explanation for the remarkable pitch angle distributions near the equator in the range of L values from 12 to 25; the presence of particles of about 1 MeV energy at the outer edge of the magnetosphere; and hence, via conventional inward diffusion processes, the presence of those having magnetic moments of several hundred MeV per gauss in the inner magnetosphere. The recirculation of energetic particles emerges as an important dynamical feature of the Jovian magnetosphere.-
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; Oct. 197
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  • 64
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    Specific surface area as a maturity index of lunar fines (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Mature surface fines have an equilibrium specific surface area of about 0.6 sq m/g the equivalent mean particle size being about 3 microns. The adsorption behavior of inert gases (reversible isotherms) indicates that the particles are also nonporous in the size range of pores from 10 to 3000 A. Apparently, in mature soils there is a balance in the forces which cause fining, attrition, pore filling, and growth of lunar dust grains. Immature, lightly irradiated soils usually have coarser grains which reduce in size as aging proceeds. The specific surface area, determined by nitrogen or krypton sorption at 77 K, is a valuable index of soil maturity.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 27; 3, Oc; Oct. 197
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    All you ever wanted to know about remote sensing (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A brief review of remote sensing state-of-the-art is presented. Emphasis is placed on an understanding of remote sensing terminology. Passive and active sensors and sensor platforms from the spacecraft program to the ground truth program are described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp., Vol. 2-A; p 11-28
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    Regional inventories and mapping of land resources and environmental geology using remotely sensed data (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Black-and-white stereoscopic aerial photographs at a scale of 1:20,000, 1:40,000, and 1:65,000 and controlled aerial photo mosaics at a scale of 1:24,000 were the basic data utilized for most mapping. Color and color infrared aerial photography (1:20,000) was employed to man the barrier islands, and color infrared photography (1:120,000) was used to map sand and mud units of the coastal plain north of Houston. LANDSAT-1 imagery in Bands 4, 5, and 7 (1:250,000) was utilized to examine land use and certain resource units statewide. Side scanning radar and LANDSAT imagery were studied experimentally toward mapping land suitability units in carbonate terranes with high relief and certain other terranes. Large-scale color and color infrared aerial stereoscopic photographs supply the most information for regional mapping. black-and-white photography is the most practical data for mapping because of scale, complete coverage, availability, and relatively low cost.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Surv. Symp., Vol. 1-B; p 1029-1057
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  • 67
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    Stratification in the lunar regolith - A preliminary view (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Although our knowledge of lunar regolith stratification is incomplete, several categories of thick and thin strata have been identified. Relatively thick units average 2 to 3 cm in thickness, and appear surficially to be massive. On more detailed examination, these units can be uniformly fine-grained, can show internal trends, or can show internal variations which apparently are random. Other thick units contain soil clasts apparently reworked from underlying units. Thin laminae average approximately 1 mm in thickness; lenticular distribution and composition of some thin laminae indicates that they are fillets shed from adjacent rock fragments. Other dark fine-grained well-sorted thin laminae appear to be surficial zones reworked by micrometeorites. Interpretations of stratigraphic succession can be strengthened by the occurrence of characteristic coarse rock fragments and the orientation of large spatter agglutinates, which are commonly found in their original depositional orientation.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    Development of the mare regolith - Some model considerations (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: This investigation uses results obtained in an earlier Monte Carlo study by Oberbeck et al. (1973) to shed light on the consequences of mare-regolith origin by impact comminution of primarily local basaltic rocks by evaluating regolith growth and mixing as a function of time. The study demonstrates that regolith growth is self-regulated and has the same trend and nearly the same terminal growth rates whatever the history of bombardment: rapid initial accumulation followed by diminishing rates of growth. Mixing and all other processes investigated are growth regulated. Mixing increases as growth slows, but never to the extent that the regolith is homogenized. Because the average regolith is never homogenized, products of growth-regulated processes are preserved in the stratigraphy. This model indicates that deeper levels contain thinner depositional units, lesser quantities of meteoritic and exotic components, and more debris derived from shallow levels in the mare basalts than material in near-surface layers.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    Sintering, crystallization, and breccia formation (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The process of breccia formation by viscous sintering in the absence of pressure, advanced by Simonds (1973), is examined in detail. The limitations on the standard model for such sintering are considered. The competing process of crystallization is analyzed kinetically in terms of time-temperature-transformation curves corresponding to various degrees of crystallinity. The analysis is applied to Lunar Composition 15418 to illustrate the approach. The results indicate that close constraints can be placed on the thermal histories of lunar breccias, particularly breccias with modest degrees of crystallinity, from microstructural observations and kinetic measurements.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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  • 70
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    Viking to Mars - The mission strategy (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Viking mission is discussed which will search for evidence of life on Mars by performing extended and closeup reconnaissance of the planet's surface. Previous unsuccessful Soviet attempts to land scientific payloads on Mars are summarized, and choices of landing sites for the two Viking landers are discussed. The onboard computers in both the orbiter and the two landers are described with emphasis on their 18,000-word memories and reprograming capabilities. The mission profiles and lander programs are outlined in detail, and lander experiments are discussed which will involve surface imaging, meteorological and seismometric measurements, soil sampling, lower atmosphere analysis, and searches for possible Martian microorganisms.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Sky and Telescope; 50; July 197
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  • 71
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    Preliminary imaging results from the second Mercury encounter (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The second Mercury encounter has resulted in the acquisition of about 360 pictures of the south polar regions which provide a reliable cartographic and geologic tie between the two sides of the planet photographed on the first encounter. Stereoscopic coverage of large areas of the southern hemisphere was obtained by combining Mercury 1 and 2 pictures taken at different viewing angles. The south polar regions consist of heavily cratered terrain and intercrater plains interspersed with patches of smooth plains. No large areas of smooth plains similar to those surrounding Caloris occur in the south polar regions. No new types of terrain have been recognized, but lobate scarps are common. The second largest basin seen by Mariner 10 has been confirmed on the new photography. At high solar elevations the surface displays an abundance of rays and rayed craters.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; June 10
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  • 72
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    On the cooling of the moon by solid convection (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: If a molten, or partially molten, lunar core exists at present, constraints would be placed on the viscosity of the solid mantle and the distribution of radioactive heat sources. Models in which the heat sources have been concentrated near the surface would rapidly solidify if the effective viscosity did not exceed 10 to the 22nd power sq cm/sec. Retention of most of the heat sources throughout the mantle would permit present day solid convection to occur without cooling the core.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: The Moon; 12; Mar. 197
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  • 73
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    Preliminary interpretation of plasma electron observations at the third encounter of Mariner 10 with Mercury (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Plasma electron count observations made during the first and third encounters of Mariner 10 with Mercury (i.e., during Mercury I and III) are reported. They provide detailed information on the magnetosphere of Mercury, especially those from Mercury III. A low-flux region was observed about closest approach (CA) of Mercury III, whereas no such region was detected by the lower-latitude Mercury I; a hot plasma sheet was measured on the outgoing (and near-equator) trajectory of Mercury I, while only cool plasma sheets were observed in the magnetosphere by Mercury III. Findings are similar, on a reduced scale, to models of the earth's magnetosphere and magnetosheath.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 255; May 15
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  • 74
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    Future exploration of Venus (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The present state of knowledge concerning the planet Venus is examined. It is pointed out that Venus, even with our present data, remains enigmatic and contradictory. A summary is given of seven major areas in which further studies are needed. The rewards of such studies would be related to an emergence of basic principles and processes which shape the origin and evolution of planets in general. Present plans for exploring Venus include earth-based radar observations, the Pioneer Venus entry probes, and Orbiter missions. NASA missions after Pioneer depend upon the results of a scientific analysis of the data which will be available at that time. Attention is given to buoyant stations in the Venus atmosphere, survivable landers, and the observation of the Venus surface with the aid of orbiting imaging radar.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; May 1975
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    Multispectral sensing of citrus young tree decline (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Computer processing of MSS data to identify and map citrus trees affected by young tree decline is analyzed. The data were obtained at 1500-feet altitude in six discrete spectral bands covering regions from 0.53 to 1.3 millimicrons as well as from instrumental ground truths of tree crowns. Measurable spectral reflectance intensity differences are observed in the leaves of healthy and diseased trees, especially at wavelengths of 500 to 600 nm and 700 to 800 nm. The overall accuracy of the method is found to be 89%.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing; 41; May 1975
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  • 76
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    Magnetic 'zig-zag' behavior in lunar rocks (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A lunar olivine basalt sample is analyzed which exhibits unorthodox alternating field (AF) demagnetization behavior characterized by nonreproducible remanent magnetization values upon demagnetization at a given peak AF. It is shown that the direction of the remanence following AF demagnetization is roughly confined to a particular plane and that this behavior is an intrinsic property of certain magnetic carriers present in the sample. The viscous acquisition coefficient is found to be about 1-1/2 times greater than the absolute value of the decay coefficient. It is suggested that the behavior of this sample is due to the presence of a few planar, multidomain grains which represent a local mineral fabric, do not demagnetize, and may interfere with the determination of a meaningful time variation of lunar magnetic paleointensity.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Earth and Planetary Science Letters; 25; 3, Ap; Apr. 197
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    Pioneer 11 meteoroid detection experiment - Preliminary results (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The concentration of meteoroids of mass about 0.01 microgram in interplanetary space, in the asteroid belt, and near Jupiter has been measured. The data confirm the Pioneer 10 observation that the asteroid belt is not highly populated with small meteoroids, suggest that the high concentration of small particles around Jupiter is the result of gravitational focusing, and provide an indication of the mass distribution of meteoroids in interplanetary space.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Science; 188; May 2
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    The imaging photopolarimeter experiment on Pioneer 11 (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: For 2 weeks continuous imaging, photometry, and polarimetry observations were made of Jupiter and the Galilean satellites in red and blue light from Pioneer 11. Measurements of Jupiter's north and south polar regions were possible because the spacecraft trajectory was highly inclined to the planet's equatorial plane. One of the highest resolution images obtained is presented here along with a comparison of a sample of our photometric and polarimetric data with a simple model. The data seem consistent with increased molecular scattering at high latitudes.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Science; 188; May 2
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    Jovian protons and electrons - Pioneer 11 (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The report presented takes into account data from the low energy telescope which were obtained during the passage of Pioneer 11 through the Jovian magnetosphere. The detector system used measures the proton flux in the range from 0.2 to 21.2 MeV in seven energy intervals and the electron flux in the range from 0.1 to 2 MeV in four intervals. The significance of the effects measured in the inner core region of the magnetosphere is discussed and attention is given to the effects of Jovian moons on the particle flux in the planetary environment.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Science; 188; May 2
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    Pioneer 11 encounter - Preliminary results from the Ames Research Center plasma analyzer experiment (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Pioneer 11 observations of the interaction of Jupiter's magnetosphere with the distant solar wind have confirmed the earlier Pioneer 10 observations of the great size and extreme variability of the outer magnetosphere. The nature of the plasma transitions across Jupiter's bow shock and magnetopause as observed on Pioneer 10 have also been confirmed on Pioneer 11. However, the northward direction of the Pioneer 11 outbound trajectory and the distance of the final magnetopause crossing (80 Jupiter radii) now suggest that Jupiter's magnetosphere is extremely broad with a half-thickness (normal to the ecliptic plane in the noon meridian) which is comparable to or greater than the sunward distance to the nose.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Science; 188; May 2
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    Al-26 in cores of the Keyes chondrite (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Radionuclide concentration data for six samples from two cores of the Keyes chondrite are presented. The weighted average potassium content for samples was about 675 ppm, somewhat lower than the 800-900 ppm typically found in L chondrites. Spectra were analyzed for U and Th, with upper limits established at approximately 100 and 200 ppb, respectively.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Apr. 10
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    Tidal friction and the early history of the moon's orbit (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The present work investigates the consequences implied by various rheological models of the early earth for the orbital history of the moon subsequent to its formation. Models of the earth that yield small tidal angles, such as low-viscosity models, imply that the moon never orbited in the earth's equatorial plane, thereby ruling out an equatorial origin for the moon. A high-viscosity model is shown to permit the moon to originate in the equatorial plane and still account for the present-day characteristics of the moon's orbit.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; Apr. 10
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    Earth resources satellite systems for flood monitoring (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The environmental satellites NOAA-2 and ERTS-1 observed flooding in United States' rivers such as the Mississippi during 1973. Combination of NOAA-2 observation frequency and the ERTS-1 resolution provides an adequate satellite system for monitoring floods. Several polar-orbiting satellites of the ERTS type could view flooded areas at a reasonably high resolution every three to five days. A high-resolution earth-synchronous satellite would further enhance flood mapping by providing observations whenever clouds are absent.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; Apr. 197
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    Ferromagnetic phase-mass equivalence and lunar sample magnetic remanence (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Man-made alloy spheres simulating the compositions of particles found in the lunar soil and weighting approximately 10 mg are shown to be equivalent, insofar as remanence intensity and demagnetization stability are concerned, to more than about 10 billion submicrometer spherical iron particles. The large particles not only contain large stable magnetic remanence, but when the polished surfaces of these particles are etched and carefully studied, they provide useful petrogenetic information, imply the mechanism of magnetization, the time-temperature history, and outline the format for possible paleointensity analysis. The intensity and stability of the remanence in these large spheres is related to the microstructure developed during rapid cooling.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Geophysical Research Letters; 2; Mar. 197
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    Water soluble cations and the fluvial history of Mars (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The electrical conductivity and water soluble Na, K, Ca, and Mg of aqueous solutions of terrestrial soils and finely divided igneous and metamorphic rocks were determined. Soils from dry terrestrial basins with a history of water accumulation as well as soils from the topographic lows of valleys accumulated water soluble cations, particularly Na and Ca. These soils as a group can be distinguished from the rocks or a second group of soils (leached upland soils and soils from sites other than the topographic lows of valleys) by significant differences in their mean electrical conductivity and water-soluble Na + Ca content. Similar measurements on multiple samples from the surface of Mars, collected by an automated long-range roving vehicle along a highlands-to-basin transect at sites with morphological features resembling dry riverlike channels, are suggested to determine the fluvial history of the planet.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Icarus; 24; Mar. 197
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    The atmosphere of Uranus (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Current knowledge of the atmosphere of Uranus is reviewed and specific objectives are suggested for satellite missions to Uranus. The anomalous composition of Uranus makes determinations of its atmospheric composition particularly valuable for testing theories of solar system evolution. The weakness of its atmospheric heating makes the determination of its atmospheric structure and dynamics particularly valuable for testing theories of atmospheric behavior. The large axial inclination of Uranus implies an anomalous latitudinal variation of temperature and dynamics different from that of the other planets.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Icarus; 24; Mar. 197
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    Effect of thermal metamorphic conditions on mineralogy and trace element retention in the Allende meteorite (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 253; Feb. 27
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    Alternative hypothesis for the origin of CCF xenon (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The relative abundances and origins of the xenon isotopes found in carbonaceous meteorites are discussed. It is proposed that carbonaceous-chondrite-fission (CCF) xenon is not caused by fission, but is the direct result of a modified r-process nucleosynthesis which produces a peak at Z = 54 and N = 82. The xenon produced in this way would have been trapped in dust grains which were subsequently incorporated in the solar system with minimal degassing.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Nature; 253; Feb. 6
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    Note on the beaming of Jupiter's decameter-wave radiation and its effect on radio rotation period determinations (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astrophysical Journal; 195; Jan. 1
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    Amino acids in carbonaceous chondrites (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Studies with the combined gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer were conducted to characterize further the amino acids found in extracts of the Murchison meteorite. With the exception of beta-aminoisobutyric acid, all of the amino acids which were found in previous studies of the Murchison meteorite and the Murray meteorite have been identified. The results obtained lend further support to the hypothesis that amino acids are present in the Murchison meteorite as the result of an extraterrestrial abiotic synthesis.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
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    Mars sample return through parking orbit (1975)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: A Mars surface sample return mission using Mars direct entry and Mars parking orbit return is described. The mission is designed for a minimum energy requirement and is relatively simple in comparison to the alternative Mars orbital rendezvous mode. The design calls for minimal science, and uses a single Titan IIIE/Centaur launch vehicle. The primary science areas included are biology, biochemistry, geochemistry, and petrology, for detecting life, age dating, and determining chemical compositions and rock types. The total minimum sample requirement would be 30 g. Sampling conditions and recommended measurements are discussed. Maximum use of hardware and experience from the Mariner, Pioneer, and Viking missions is contemplated. The profile for a 1979 conjunction-class mission would include a total time of 1025 days, including one year in Mars parking orbit after sampling. The lander structure, components, and recovery alternatives are explained.
    Schlagwort(e): LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Materialart: Astronautics and Aeronautics; 13; Jan. 197
    Format: text
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  • 92
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    Earth observations (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The development of the Earth Resources Technology Satellites for making earth observations from space is discussed. The programmatic elements of the ERTS program are defined. The specific results of the program which are considered are as follows: (1) analysis of snowmelt runoff, (2) analysis of Mississippi River floods of 1973, (3) global ice surveys with an electrically scanning microwave radiometer, (4) the microwave signature of snow fields, (5) analysis of strip mining activities, (6) sea surface studies using microwave techniques during the Bering Sea experiment, (7) cloud types and measurement of rainfall, and (8) performance of various remote sensors.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Significant Accomplishments in Sci. and Technol.; p 179-233
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 93
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    EPA requirements and programs (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The proposed ERTS-DCS system is designed to allow EPA the capability to evaluate, through demonstrable hardware, the effectiveness of automated data collection techniques. The total effectiveness of any system is dependent upon many factors which include equipment cost, installation, maintainability, logistic support, growth potential, flexibility and failure rate. This can best be accomplished by installing the system at an operational environmental control agency (CAMP station) to insure that valid data is being obtained and processed. Consequently, it is imperative that the equipment interface must not compromise the validity of the sensor data nor should the experimental system effect the present operations of the CAMP station. Since both the system which is presently in use and the automatic system would be in operation in parallel, conformation and comparison are readily obtained.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Wallops Station Data Collection System; p 115-120
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 94
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    USDI requirements and programs (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Interior Department plans for the utilization of data collection systems such as the one on ERTS-1 and others scheduled for future use are very briefly discussed. The savings offerred in manpower, acquisition and dissemination of useful data, and the operational potential of data collection systems are described.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Wallops Station Data Collection System; p 101-104
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 95
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    NOAA requirements and programs (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Service programs in NOAA that contemplate using the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GEOS) Data Collection System (DCS) are considered. The GEOS DCS will be operated by the National Environmental Satellite Service of NOAA as an integral part of the national operation environmental satellite program. This plan is concerned with that part of the GEOS program connected with collection and relay of data from remote locations. Service programs include: (1) hydrological data collection; (2) oceanographic data collection; (3) marine observations from data buoys; (4) Tsunami warning service; and (5) meteorological service.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Wallops Station Data Collection System; p 107-114
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
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    US Army Corps of Engineers requirements and programs (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Plans by the Corps of Engineers to utilize data collection systems to support their mission of development, utilization, and conservation of the water resources of the Nation, flood control, water management, hydroelectric power, maintenance of navigable waterways, reservoir construction, and river basin control are briefly addressed.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: NASA. Wallops Station Data Collection System; p 105-106
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    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 97
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    A summary of ERTS-1 data collection system applications (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Geographically, applications were made over nearly the entire area where direct readout could be accomplished using the data acquisition stations in the ERTS-1 system. The extreme areas included Iceland, the Canadian Arctic, Alaska, Hawaii and Central America. In the discipline sense the majority of applications were in the water resources area with other applications being formally and informally reported in meteorology, oceanography, volcano surveillance and forestry. Installation and maintenance of the data collection platforms, as is true with nearly all new systems, was not accomplished without difficulty. On the whole, however, it has gone well enough so that it is agreed that it is a system which is amenable to installation in a variety of physical situations and the installation is accomplished with an ease commensurate with eventual use in an operational system.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Data Collection System; p 97-100
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 98
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    Space data relay systems (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: Significant progress has been achieved in simplifying platform concepts through random access techniques. This is particularly important in applications such as balloons where weight is critical. In applications, where weight restriction may not be a problem, the concept lends itself to uncomplicated designs and low cost. Nevertheless, ordered systems offer inherent advantages in managing data flow which justifies their use. With continuing improvements in technology, particularly low power receivers, ordered systems should become quite competitive with random systems for many applications.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Data Collection System; p 73-82
    Format: text
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  • 99
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    ERTS-1 data collection system: Status and performance (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: The Data Collection System flown on the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS-1) relays earth resources data from remotely located in-situ sensors to Goddard Space Flight Center. Data is received at Goddard at least twice each day from every sensor installation and is distributed to users (who operate the sensors and transmitters) by mail and teletype. The system consists of a data formatting and transmitting unit, called the Data Collection Platform (DCP), a receiver and a retransmitter aboard ERTS-1; and receiving, demodulating and decoding equipment located at the Goldstone, California and Goddard data acquisition stations. Data is transmitted from the data acquisition stations to the ERTS Control Center at Goddard, then to the NASA (ERTS) Data Processing Facility (NDPF) where it is processed and distributed to users. Experience to date indicates that the design of the ERTS-1 Data Collection System is adequate for operational use for 50% of the users and, with minor modifications, could meet the requirements of 75%. Some users will have to augment the system by other data collection techniques to meet their operational requirements.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Data Collection System; p 83-96
    Format: text
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  • 100
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    Auxiliary DCP data acquisition system (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-16
    Beschreibung: An airborne DCP Data Aquisition System has been designed to augment the ERTS satellite data recovery system. The DCP's are data collection platforms located at pertinent sites. With the appropriate sensors they are able to collect, digitally encode and transmit environmental parameters to the ERTS satellite. The satellite in turn relays these transmissions to a ground station for processing. The satellite is available for such relay duty a minimum of two times in a 24-hour period. The equipment is to obtain continuous DCP data during periods of unusual environmental activity--storms, floods, etc. Two circumstances contributed to the decision to design such a system; (1) Wallops Station utilizes surveillance aircraft in support of rocket launches and also in support of earth resources activities; (2) the area in which Wallops is located, the Delaware and Chesapeake Bay areas, are fertile areas for DCP usage. Therefore, by developing an airborne DCP receiving station and installing it on aircraft more continuous DCP data can be provided from sites in the surrounding areas at relatively low cost.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Data Collection System; p 65-72
    Format: text
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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