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  • Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling  (739)
  • 1985-1989  (406)
  • 1980-1984  (333)
  • 1987  (406)
  • 1980  (333)
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  • 1985-1989  (406)
  • 1980-1984  (333)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The results of calculations of the transition energies and polarization in nucleotide bases performed by the CNDO/S CI method are compared with experimental data for long-wavelength and vacuumabsorption bands. The calculations and the analysis of experimental data testify to the existence of n - π* transitions in the first absorption bands of the bases. The study of double-stranded polynucleotides and DNA hypochromism based on the theoretical electronic characteristics of the bases and perturbation theory is performed. The role of stacking and complementary interactions within the hypochromic effect is cleared up. Two mechanisms for the shift of the fluorescence band maximum are investigated: two-proton transfer along H bonds and excimer formation. The study of H-bond potential curves shows the disadvantage of two-proton phototautomerism in the nucleotide base pairs in contrast to model systems. The possibility of excimer state formation in stacked homo- and heterodimers of nucleotide bases is shown within the extended-Hückel treatment. The nature of excimer minimum for the excited-state potential curve is analyzed.
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  • 2
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    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 531-547 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) equations are derived up to the second order when the system is perturbed by a monochromatic plane wave. The solutions of the equations are subjected to the orthonormalization conditions satisfied by the orbitals. In the equations, these conditions are expressed by the appearing of coefficients λjkn,ε playing the part of Lagrangian multipliers. Relations between the coefficients λjkn,ε are established. These relations are equivalent to the above-mentioned orthonormalization conditions. This equivalence enables us to substitute for the solution of an integrodifferential equation system subject to constraint conditions, that of a free system. The TDHF equations obtained determine the first- and second-order orbital perturbations, which no doubt verify the orthonormalization conditions. These orbitals can be used in the calculation, up to second order, of different nonlinear optical effects.
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  • 3
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 596-596 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 619-629 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Pair correlation in the ground state of the Li isoelectronic sequence is studied through four approximate wave functions which incorporate inter- and intrashell pair correlation. Of these functions, two possess symmetry appropriate to a three-electron system, while two do not. The functions are not variational functions in the usual sense. They are instead fixed linear combinations of products of orbitals and pair functions for the appropriate states of two-electron atoms. They are considered here as zero-order approximations to the exact wave functions, and the corresponding zero-order Hamiltonians are obtained. The simplest of these functions is improved by the introduction of a screening parameter for the “outer” electron. This latter function is found to be a satisfactory compromise between accuracy and simplicity and is proposed for study via higher-order perturbation theory.
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  • 5
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 599-608 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio calculations of various expectation energies have been made for the reactant and product species in six reactions that involve only small linear molecules. The reactions include fission by hydrogen, addition of hydrogen, exchange of triply bonded atoms, fluorination, and oxygen atom transfer. The change in total electronic energy is not invariably the result of changes in inner shell energy and outer shell σ- and π-electron energies simply augmenting each other, but in several cases there is a complex interplay of opposing effects. This approach gives a different insight into the energetic aspects of changes in bonding from that derived from the concept of shared electron pairs in σ and π bonds together with lone pairs in valence shells. Changes in π-electron energy are shown to be important in a reaction in which neither reactant nor product molecules contain π bonds in the usual chemical sense. While in a reaction in which there is a complete change in the nature of the triple bonds, and hence the π bonding, the change in π-electron energy makes a smaller contribution than either the change in inner shell or the outer shell σ-electron energies.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We use a previously proposed variation-perturbation method to calculate the electric polarizabilities and the electric dipole moment at equilibrium nuclear distance of the BH molecule. We obtain 3.56 × 10-24 cm3 for the perpendicular polarizability αxx and 3.22 × 10-24 cm3 for the parallel polarizability αzz. Our result for the electric dipole moment μ0 is 1.734 debye units; there is no reliable experimental result to compare it with.
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  • 7
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 549-586 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The resonance energy of conjugated benzenoid systems is expressed as contributions arising from independent conjugated circuits. The scheme has been applied to numerous very large conjugated systems. In many cases, it was possible to find regularities in the increments for the resonance energy within a family of benzenoid systems as the number of benzene rings is increased.
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  • 8
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 595-595 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 609-618 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A previously given iterative procedure to improve wave functions is analyzed. Its relationship with other well-known approximation methods is investigated. Hypervirial operators depending on a real parameter are proposed and their connection with the employment of an infinite number of hypervirial relations is analyzed. A way to use formulas that are valid for exact eigenfunctions in the case of approximate functions is presented. Formal results are applied to the harmonic oscillator and hydrogen atom models in order to show their practical utilization.
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  • 10
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 651-671 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio MO calculations, using both minimal (STO-3G) and extended (Roos-Siegbahn) basis sets are reported for the systems methanethiol-imidazole, methanethiol-imidazole-formaldehyde, and methanethiol-imidazole-formamide, which, together with a point-change representation of a long α-helix, form models for the active site of papain. It is shown that the large electric field exerted by the helix in the active-site region is responsible for the presence of the essential residues Cys 25 and His 159 in the form of an ion pair RS- ··· ImH+, which is crucial for a recently proposed mechanism for the catalytic action of the enzyme. Also, an explanation is given for the anomalies in measured pK values for these residues. Detailed studies on the (sub)systems show that minimal basis sets lack the flexibility necessary for describing the type of proton transfer involved. We conclude that α-helices are essential parts of enzymes and that they play a significant role in the catalytic process.
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  • 11
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 679-687 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A generalization of optimized diatomics-in-molecules method that provides an accurate treatment of overlap integrals is presented. The possibilities of the method to reproduce potential surfaces of the 4B2, 2B2, and 2A1 states of the H3 molecule are investigated. It is shown that satisfactory results can be achieved only for a single state under consideration, but not for the three states simultaneously.
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  • 12
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 719-724 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio SCF calculations carried out on the planar cluster CuCl42- suggest that the strong satellites at the high-binding energy side of inner-shell ESCA lines of Cu are due to charge relaxations in the σ-bonding orbitals which mix with Cu 3d. The satellite state with the largest intensity may be described as a one-electron excitation Cu 3d → Cl 3p.
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  • 13
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 975-982 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modification of the overlap approximation for triplet pair correlation energies is presented. The modification allows the use of either the canonical absolute overlap or the minimum absolute overlap. When applied to the b 3∑u+ state of H2, this approximation reproduces the observed correlation energy to within 0.0002 hartree (or ±3%) for all internuclear distances from 1.3 bohr to infinity.
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  • 14
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1039-1041 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 15
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1042-1042 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 16
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1069-1074 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Le rǒle de la nonadditivité pour l'énergie d'interaction entre trois molécules de LiH a été examiné dans le cadre de la méthode ab-initio-SCF. La partie nonadditive de l'énergie d'interaction est plus importante pour une structure cyclique que pour un trimère linéaire; elle est stabilisante dans les deux cas. La valeur du rapport entre les termes à deux et à trois corps pour des points différents sur l'hypersurface de l'énergie est discutée.
    Abstract: Die Bedeutung der Nichtadditivität in der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen drei LiH-Molekülen ist im Rahmen des ab-initio-SCF-Verfahrens untersucht worden. Der nichtadditive Teil der Wechselwirkungsenergie ist wichtiger für eine zyklische Struktur als in einem linearen Trimer; er ist in beiden Fallen stabilisierend. Das Verhältnis zwischen Zwei- und Dreikörperglieder für verschiedene Punkte auf der Energiehyperfläche wird diskutiert.
    Notes: The role of nonadditivity of the interaction energy between three LiH molecules was investigated within the SCF ab initio framework. The nonadditive part of the interaction energy is more important in the case of a cyclic structure than in a linear trimer, and is stabilizing in both cases. The value of the ratio of three-body and two-body terms for different points on the energy hypersurface is discussed.
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  • 17
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1099-1109 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Des développments gaussiens complètement optimisés des fonctions hydrogénoïdes de type 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, et 4fxyz ont été pratiquement reproduits par une construction spéciale des paramètres variationnels. L'utilité des fonctions génératrices utilisées est discutée brièvement.
    Abstract: Vollständig optimisierte Gaussentwicklungen wasserstoffähnlicher Funktionen von Typ 1s, 2pz, 3dxy, und 4fxyz sind mittels eines speziellen Verfahrens für die bestimmung der Variationsparameter praktisch reproduziert worden. Der Nutzen der angewandten erzeugenden Funktionen wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Fully optimized lengthy Gaussian expansions of hydrogenic 1s and 2pz functions have been practically reproduced by generating the variational parameters by means of suitably chosen functions involving only few parameters. Hydrogenic 3dxy and 4fxyz functions have been approximated in a similar way. The usefulness of such generating functions is briefly discussed.
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  • 18
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1125-1141 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: L'approximation HF présentée dans la partie I a été testée par rapport à plusieurs propriétés moléculaires. Trois niveaux d'aproximation différents a, b, et c sont considérés. Des résultats satisfaisants - en comparaison avec des calculs HF “exacts” - sont obtenus avec la base STO-3G et le niveau a. A ce niveau-ci l'erreur dans l'énergie de liaison est de 0.001-0.025 a.u. pour toutes les molécules considérées, qui contiennent jusqu'à six atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple le cyclopentanone (C5OH8). L'erreur dans les énergies de réaction traitées ici est d'environ 4 kcal/mol (l'erreur maximale est de 9 kcal/mol). Les énergies orbitalaires, les moments dipolaires, les charges brutes, les géométries d'équilibres et les barrières de rotation interne sont bien reproduits par notre méthode à tous les trois niveaux.
    Abstract: Die HF-Näherungsmethode, welche im Teil I vorgestellt wurde, wird an einigen Moleküleigenschaften getestet. Drei Näherungsstufen a, b, und c werden untersucht. Zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse - verglichen mit entsprechenden “exakten” HF-Rechnungen - erhält man mit der STO-3G Basis und der Näherungsstufe a. Bei dieser Näherung ist der Fehler in der Bindungsenergie 0.001-0.025 a.u. für alle untersuchten Moleküle, welche bis zu 6 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. Cyclopentanon (C5OH8). Der Fehler in den hier behandelten Reaktionsenergien beträgt etwa 4 kcal/mol (der maximale Fehler beträgt 9 kcal/mol). Orbitalenergien, Diplolmomente, Bruttoladungen, Gleichgewichtsgeometrien und Rotationsbarrieren werden durch die Näherungsmethode bei allen Näherungsstufen gut wiedergegeben.
    Notes: The HF approximation method that was outlined in Paper I is tested with respect to several molecular properties. Three different levels of approximation a, b, and c are considered. Satisfactory results - compared to corresponding “exact” HF calculations - are obtained with the STO-3G basis and the approximation level a. At this level the error in the binding energy is 0.001-0.025 a.u. for all considered molecules which contain up to six first-row atoms as, e.g., cyclopentanone (C5OH8). The error in the reaction energies considered here is about 4 kcal/mol (the maximal error is 9 kcal/mol). Orbital energies, dipole moments, gross charges, equilibrium geometries, and barriers to internal rotation are well reproduced by the approximation method at all three levels.
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  • 19
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 995-1006 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of side-chain disorder on the electronic structure of proteins has been investigated in the case of polypeptides containing two or three different amino acid residues. It has been found that due to the different potentials of different side-chain groups, the original valence and conduction bands of the homopolypeptides are split into narrow bands. The comparison of the densities of electronic states in simple homopolypeptides and in composite polymers shows that new forbidden regions in the energy spectrum of proteins may develop. The consequences of these effects for the semiconductive properties of proteins are discussed.
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  • 20
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1031-1037 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a previous paper, a scheme of integral approximation was proposed, in which a large number of two-electron integrals containing a certain kind of orbital pairs, i.e., weakly related pairs, can be neglected. A new criterion for partitioning orbital pairs into two groups, i.e., strongly and weakly related pairs, is introduced in order to allow for neglect of more integrals without sacrificing the accuracy of a computation. Test calculations on the BH3—C2H4 complex show that by the use of the new version, results of roughly the same accuracy as was obtained by the old version is obtained by retaining 80% of the integrals used in the old version. This kind of saving is more significant for larger molecules. For example, in a calculation on Cu-porphine with 203 CGTO'S, the revised version will require about 2.0 × 106 integrals, while the original version will require about 4.5 × 106. And these two approximate calculations are expected to give the results of roughly the same accuracy.
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cooperative phenomena may be involved in the biological effects of magnetic fields (H), since its effects on isolated atoms or ions, at room temperature, are very weak. It is suggested that interactions at the social level can considerably increase the efficiency of H in orienting the displacements of animals. This effect is discussed with a simple mathematical model inspired on superparamagnetism. In case of very weak interactions of H with isolated animals, it suggests that orientation could only be made visible through cooperativity at the social level. These results are generalized to other physical stimuli and effects, leading to the concept of cooperative sensory response, i.e., a group response to an external physical agent even when its effect on isolated members of the group is undetectable.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: En déterminant les paramètres des jeux de base dans des environnements moléculaires par d'autres critères que l'énergie totale, il est démontré qu'une généralisation de la base pour des fragments moléculaires peut ětre obtenue, dans laquelle les propriétés géométriques et celles de la structure électronique sont prédites considérablement mieux qu'avec des bases de taille semblable. Comme premier pas dans le développement d'une série de bases avec une flexibilité et une précision de plus en plus prononcée, on a construit plusieurs jeux de base de type simple zéta avec une contraction gaussienne pour chaque orbitale de base. Les meilleures de ces bases donnent des propriétés géométriques et électroniques pour une série de molécules organiques avec'une précision meilleure que celle obtenue par la base correspondante de type STO-2G et semblable dans la plupart des cas à STO-3G. En outre cette base peut ětre utilisée soit avec des gaussiennes cartésiennes, soit avec des gaussiennes sphériques flottantes.
    Abstract: Durch eine Bestimmung von Basissatzparametern in Molekülumgebungen mit anderen Kriterien als der Gesamtenergie wird gezeigt, dass eine Verallgemeinerung des Molekülfragmentsbasissatzes erhalten werden kann, mit welchem geometrischen und Elektronstruktureigenschaften beträchtlich besser als mit anderen Basissätzen ähnlicher Grösse vorhergesagt werden können. Als erster Schritt in der Entwicklung einer Reihe von Basissätzen mit sukzessiv grösserer Flexibilität und Genauigkeit werden mehrere Basissätze von Einzelzetatyp durch eine Gauss'sche Kontraktion für jedes Basisorbital konstruiert. Mit den besten dieser Basissätze werden geometrische und elektronische Eigen-schaften für eine Reihe von organischen Molekülen mit besserer Genauigkeit als dem entsprechenden STO-2G Basissatz und in vielen Fallen ähnlich dem STO-2G Satz erhalten. Weiter wird gezeiget, dass dieser Basissatz mit sowohl Cartesischen als fliesseden sphärischen Gaussfunktionen vereinbar ist.
    Notes: By determining basis set parameters in molecular environments using other criteria than total energy, it is shown that a generalization of the molecular fragment basis can be obtained in which calculated geometric and electronic structural properties are predicted substantially better than with other basis sets of similar size. As a first step in the development of a series of basis sets having successively greater flexibility and accuracy, several single-zeta basis sets are created, using a two-Gaussian contraction for each basis orbital. The best of these basis sets produced calculated geometric and electronic properties for a series of molecules that model a wide variety of organic molecules that are of better accuracy than the corresponding STO-2G basis, and similar in most cases to STO-3G. In addition, the basis set is shown to be applicable in either a Cartesian Gaussian basis or a floating spherical Gaussian basis.
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  • 23
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 17 (1980), S. 1111-1123 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Une méthode est proposée, qui réduit considérablement le travail numérique dans un calcul HF en réduisant le nombre d'intégrales à deux électrons qui doivent ětre calculées. Les procédés suivants sont utilisés: (i) la densité électronique est approximée par un petit nombre de fonctions pour la partie de Coulomb de la matrice HF; (ii) cette densité approchée est modifiée pour améliorer son potentiel; (iii) dans la partie d'échange une fonction de base χ est remplacée par une fonction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} avec un nombre moindre de lobes gaussines; (iv) l'érreur causée par ce remplacement-ci est réduite par une modification des densités \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} dans les intégrales d'échange. Le temps de calcul pour les intégrales est réduit par un facteur 6 pour des molécules contenant cinq atomes de la première ligne comme par exemple CF4, si l'on utilise une base 7S/3P contractée à (5, 1, 1/3). Le temps augmente approximativement avec n3, si n est le nombre de lobes gaussiens.
    Abstract: Eine Methode wird vorgeschlagen, welche den numerischen Aufwand von Hartree-Foch Rechnungen dadurch verringert, indem die Zahl der zu berechnenden Zweielektronenintegrale reduziert wird. Dabei werden folgende Konzepte verwendet: (i) Zur Berechnung des Coulombanteils der HF Matrix wird die Elektronendichte durch wenig Funktionen approximiert. (ii) Die approximierte Dichte wird so modifiziert, daß ihr Potential verbessert wird. (iii) Zur Berechnung des Austauschanteils wird eine Basisfunktion χ durch eine Funktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} ersetzt, welche weniger Gauss-lobes enthält. (iv) Der dadurch hervorgerufene Fehler wird durch eine Änderung der in den Austauschintegralen vorkommenden Dichten \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} reduziert. Für Moleküle, welche 5 Atome der 1. Reihe enthalten, wie z.B. CF4, wird die Rechenzeit für den Integralteil um den Faktor 6 reduziert, wenn eine 7S/3P Basis kontrahiert zu (5, 1, 1/3) verwendet wird. Die Integralzeit nimmt etwa mit der 3. Potenz der Zahl der Gauss-lobes zu.
    Notes: A method is proposed that reduces the computational effort of HF calculations considerably by reducing the number of two-electron integrals that have to be calculated. The following concepts are used: (i) approximation of the electron density by only few functions for the Coulomb part of the HF matrix; (ii) modification of this approximate density, to improve its Coulomb field; (iii) in the exchange part, a basis function χ is replaced by a function \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi $\end{document} consisting of fewer Gaussian lobes; (iv) the error caused by this replacement is reduced by a modification of the densities \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \tilde \chi _i \tilde \chi _j $\end{document} in the exchange integrals. The computation time of the integral part is reduced by a factor 6 for molecules containing five first-row atoms as, e.g., CF4, if one uses a 7S/3P basis set contracted to (5, 1, 1/3). The integral time increases roughly with n3, if n is the number of Gaussian lobes.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 3-9 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A hierarchy of necessary conditions that an exact density matrix of a pure state or an ensemble has to satisfy is derived, namely the hermiticity of certain operators F(k). For k = 1 this reduces to the well-known Hartree-Fock condition. It is then shown that the kth set of conditions is equivalent to stationarity of the energy with respect to unitary k-particle transformations. k-Particle generalizations of Hartree-Fock theory are then discussed both in the spirit of k-particle pseudoeigenvalue equations and in the framework of a Newton-Raphson-type constructive scheme.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 275-280 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The binding energy spectra for the valence orbitals of hydrogen chloride have been obtained using the binary (e,2e) method at 1200 eV. The strength of the innermost valence orbital (4σ) is severely split among several ion states in the energy range 25 to 41 eV. The measured cross sections are compared with results of calculations using contracted Gaussian basis sets of double-zeta quality, and with a one-particle Green's function calculation.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 307-310 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The charge exchange process in the intervalence (mixed-valence) system is interpreted in terms of the nonstationary state mechanism which is a well-known approach for rationalizing the molecular tautomerism process. The two kinds of processes are viewed in a close analogy in the sense that both involve a pair of near-degenerate levels in a double-well potential. However, a comparison is made between the two cases to demonstrate that an electron moves not only faster but also farther in distance than a nucleus does.
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    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Traditionally, the calculation of the vibrational spectra of molecules involves at one point or another a numerical differentiation procedure. Such a method has some serious drawbacks both in efficiency and in accuracy. In this paper, an alternative method based on linear response theory is presented. The second derivative of the ground-state energy is expressed in terms of the electron density response matrix by means of perturbation theory. The unperturbed wave functions are obtained from the Hartree-Fock equation. First-order perturbation theory applied to this equation leads to the Hartree-Fock linear response. As an illustration of this method the vibrational frequency of a H2 molecule is calculated. The result is 1.348 × 1014 Hz as compared to the experimental value of 1.319 × 1014 Hz. This method is also applicable in the calculation of the phonon dispersion curves of solids.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 393-396 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A brief account of a quantum chemistry literature data base (QCLDB) is described, which contains the key information of about 2000 papers of ab initio calculations of atoms and molecules published in 1977-1979. The QCLDB is stored in a computer and can be sorted and rearranged into author and substance indices. Selection of the items for each paper in a computer-readable data base is discussed.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metal chelates [(C2H2X2)2M]n with ligating atoms X = NH, O, S and central atoms M = Be2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Zn2+ (n = 0, ± 2), and M = Li+, Cu+ (n = ± 1, -3), have been studied in our Laboratory for some years by ab initio calculations. In this article it is shown that certain features of the complexes are the same for all the different metals in our series. These features include a drastic reduction of the energy gap between unoccupied and occupied orbitals, when electrons are added to the positively charged complexes. This change of the energy gap is shown to be an effect of the ligand dimer [(C2H2X2)2]n. But this dimer can only exist when a positive ion, e.g., a metal ion, forms a bridge between the two monomers. The reduced energy gap implies a strong bathochromic shift of the electronic spectrum and low electrical resistivity.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 457-462 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoisomerization of imine compounds is studied in terms of an ab initio MO CI calculation. The potential curves of the syn-anti isomerization via the rotation and the inversion are examined for benzaldimine. It is suggested that the photoisomerization is initiated through the rotation around the C—N bond in both singlet and triplet states. The ease of the photoisomerization is found to be determined by both the conformation of phenyl ring in the ground state and the energy difference of vertically excited states between two isomers.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 493-500 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: To aid in designing new therapeutic iron chelating agents, the mechanism of iron binding to prototypic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones has been studied. Based on molecular orbital and spectroscopic studies, iron (II) is found to bind in a covalent manner, while iron(III) seems to interact ionically. However, with both iron(II) and iron(III), chelate formation is dependent on charge interaction between the metal and the coordinating atoms of the ligand.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 515-519 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potential-energy curves for the movement of proton along the hydrogen-bond direction were calculated for the parent and cations produced from the β- decay of pyridine-pyrrole labeled by tritium (3H) or carbon-14(14C). For all cations the double minimum potential is predicted to be formed, and the activation energy for the proton transfer from one well to the other is about 10.0 kcal/mol, which is much lower than that in the (NH2—H—NH2)+ ion. A positional effect of nuclear transformation is scarcely expected in 3H β- decay, whereas a slight positional effect may be expected in 14C β- decay.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 533-537 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theoretical study has been made on the translational or “rattling” motion of homonuclear diatomic molecules encaged in β-quinol clathrates. By the use of an adjustable parameter for the van der Waals radius, experimental results have been explained fairly well.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 501-508 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The problem of the existence of a prostaglandin (PG) receptor is still controversial, but it seems to be clear that the main action of the PGs concerns the interface of the cellular membrane (which has a predominantly lipid character) and the extracellular liquid (which mainly consists of water). Also especially in the case of the exogenous PGs, the transport of these substances in the organism in influenced by the hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties of the reactive molecules. These properties can be estimated by MO studies using a solvation model and a semiempirical method of calculation. This paper is concerned with the molecules of PGA1 and PGE1. MO studies were performed for these molecules with the CNDO/SW method in order to calculate ionization potentials, dipole moments, and molecular polarizabilities. With these computed molecular properties, the electrostatic and van der Waals interactions with water and octanol molecules are evaluated and compared within the framework of the original model. This study allows the differentiation of the hydrophilic-hydrophobic character of the PGs investigated and the comparison of the results with experimental data.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 189-191 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 607-613 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The range in ordinary space of a defect in a solid, polymer, or a large molecule is an important parameter in many physical and chemical situations like, e.g., substitutional and interstitial impurities in ionic crystals, deep and shallow energy levels in semiconductors, core holes in systems studied by photoelectron spectroscopy, and hydrogen in metals. Both the electronic structure and the lattice of the host molecule or solid are normally influenced by the defect, and it is desirable to treat, as far as possible, these two aspects together. An explicit procedure for investigating the degree of localization is proposed that is based on the direct calculation of Wannier functions and partitioning technique.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 619-623 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Exciton transfers in the two-dimensional and spin-canted antiferromagnet (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4 were studied by investigating the absorption spectra 6A1g → 4T2g(4D) of Mn2+. A magnon side band (exciton-magnon simultaneous excitation) which has an anomalous shape with the cutoffs at the low-energy as well as the high-energy sides was observed. This anomalous shape could be reproduced in calculation as magnon side band, considering both the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers. From the analysis of this band shape, the magnitudes of the intersublattice and intrasublattice exciton transfers are estimated to be 10.2 and 6.8 cm-1, respectively. In the case of simple antiferromagnets without spin canting, the intersublattice exciton transfer process is forbidden because of the spin angular momentum. However, in the case of (C2H5NH3)2MnCl4, the prohibition of the intersublattice exciton transfer is removed by the canted-spin arrangement.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 695-708 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method has been proposed for calculating the Gaussian matrix elements of the interaction operator represented by an arbitrary degree of interelectron distance X12ρ. The method is based on the expansion of two-electron integrals as the sum of one-electron integrals which in turn admit compact operator representation in terms of confluent hypergeometric functions. The generating differential operator has been shown to be related to the modified Hermitian polynomials. The standard structure of the special functions encountered in this approach is useful in studying the analytical behavior of the integrals and makes it possible to obtain for these integrals recurrence relations, direct algebraic expressions in the forms of finite sum of confluent hypergeometric functions, integral representations, and asymptotic properties. Unlike the usual methods based on integral transformation of the interaction operator, the proposed approach has a wider field of application, and in addition, leads to compact and convenient analytical expressions. The idea of using differential properties of integrals to simplify the integrand structure gives the proposed approach a certain resemblance to that suggested by Boys but not developed in detail in his pioneer work.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 775-782 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Properties of Hückel parameters are investigated by using a mapping concept. The mapping is constructed by means of the Linderberg relation. No efforts are made to get a numerically correct description of the Hückel parameters.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 797-810 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The performance of the MINDO/3 method has been evaluated in simple heteroatomic molecules that are representative of several important biological systems. Molecular geometries are accurate to within 0.04 Å for bond lengths, and 3° for most bond angles. Dipole moments and charge distributions are estimated satisfactorily, and ionization potentials are predicted to an accuracy of 0.5 eV. The method is less accurate in estimating the ionization of some upper level σ orbitals. The overall evaluation shows that MINDO/3 provides a good description of the geometries and electronic properties of the molecules studied. The results of MINDO/3 calculations in several other chemical systems are also reviewed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 841-866 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Spin functions that are compatible with orbital ordering and geminal antisymmetry conditions are investigated. It is shown that two widely used classes of spin functions, namely, the spin-bonded functions and Yamanouchi-Kotani (or, equivalently, Gelfand-Tsetlin) functions possess these properties. The relationship of the latter with Young-Yamanouchi spin functions is also outlined using graphical techniques of spin algebras. These techniques are also used to rederive the Hamiltonian matrix elements between spin-bonded functions and to show the relationship among the various schemes used in this case.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1109-1131 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A theorem is presented that characterizes approximate states and truncated operator manifolds associated with self-consistent approximate propagators. This theorem establishes a natural relationship between Hermiticity, stationarity, nonredundance and completeness of operator manifolds, model time evolution, and the vacuum condition. For the case of the polarization propagator we describe algorithms by which we can construct states and manifolds that satisfy this theorem and the vacuum condition.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1165-1173 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An exchange-correlation potential model to be used in connection with the multiple scattering method is presented. Retaining the main advantages of the multiple scattering method with the Xα potential, particularly its low computational requirements, this new formalism does not require any adjustable parameter. Test calculations on the NiF64- system are reported and compared with experimental and ab initio results.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1405-1413 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Semiempirical MO calculations of the self-consistent charge and configuration (SCCC) method are reported for the acetonitrile-metal solvated species (CH3CN)xMn+, where M = Be2+ and Mg2+. Comparison of the delocalization energies for various chemical structures x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 leads to an expectation of a tetrahedral structure for the Be2+ species and an octahedral structure for the Mg2+ species. The electronic nature of the donor-acceptor interaction is also discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1465-1472 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Analytical formulas are given for the orbital contributions to two-electron properties such as 〈r12n〉, with n = -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, and 4, for atomic systems in which orbitals are expanded as linear combinations of Gaussian functions. Numerical values for all possible contributions in the atoms Li to Ne have been calculated at the Hartree-Fock level. These quantities are compared and discussed to show what kind of information can be obtained from such quantities. The influence of the basis set size has also been considered.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1485-1487 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 709-713 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using a modified form of Sharma's method for the expansion of a Slater-type orbital in spherical harmonics about a displaced center, a general expression for the overlap integral between two orbitals is derived that is equivalent to that given by Sharma. By use of a simple kind of “computer algebra” this expression is developed here into a formula that is equivalent to earlier known ones and may have computational advantages when the generated formula coefficients are stored. This method is capable of extension to more complicated integrals.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 891-904 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper reports some theoretical studies of PGA1 using conformational and molecular orbital techniques. The conformation energy (CE) calculations, using empirical potential-energy functions, for intrinsic torsional rotations around C12—C13 (θ), C7—C8 (Ψ), and C14—C15 (φ) show a number of energy minima. The relative value of the CE for these minima ranges from 4.09 to 8.01 kcal/mol. An additional rotation around C4—C5 (χ) giving “twist” to the carboxyl chains lowers the CE value by 2-3 kcal/mol and a conformation with CE value 2.39 kcal/mol less than crystallographic one is obtained. The interchain interaction energy showed changes with conformations. No significant change in the interchain interaction energy was observed due to “twist” in the carboxyl chain. The isopotential mapping study demonstrated the probable ionic binding site near the carboxyl and the ring (O9) oxygens. Conformational and molecular orbital results are discussed in the light of the reduced abortifacient potency of PGA1 with respect to PGF2α and the possible role of Ca2+ ions in this action.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 18 (1980), S. 1157-1163 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The transformation of two-electron integrals from an atomic orbital basis to a symmetry orbital basis is a straightforward procedure, but becomes a time-consuming process when the system has high symmetry. In the conventional transformation algorithm, the number of multiplications is proportional to the fifth power of the basis size. To reduce the computer time, a new transformation algorithm is proposed. In this method, the number of multiplications for the transformation is proportional to the fourth power of the number of atomic orbitals in an equivalent orbital group. A new transformation program has been completed and tested against the conventional n5 method. The present method may be regarded as extension of Almlöf's method to any molecular point group. The program cuts the CPU time for the transformation to one-third in calculations for C4H8 and NiF6. This reduction is quite significant for large systems having high symmetry.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 33-44 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The theory of MCSCF and CI energy derivatives with respect to geometrical variations is briefly reviewed with special attention given to the MCSCF and MRCI energy gradients. A computational procedure is proposed for MRCI energy gradients that does not require the solution to any “coupled-perturbed MCSCF” equations, it does not require any expensive direct-CI matrix-vector products involving derivative integrals, and it does not require any derivative integrals to be transformed from the AO basis to the MO basis. An additional feature is that it does not require any changes to existing MCSCF gradient evaluation programs in order to compute MRCI gradients. The only difference in the two cases is the exact nature of the data passed to the gradient evaluation program from the previous steps in the computational procedure. The additional effort required to compute the entire MRCI energy gradient vector is approximately that required for one additional iteration of the MRCI diagonalization procedure and for one additional MCSCF iteration. For large scale MRCI wave functions, the MRCI energy gradient evaluation should only require about 10% of the effort of computing the wave function itself. This computational procedure removes a major computational botleneck of potential energy surface evaluation.
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  • 53
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 65-71 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preliminary results are presented for transition probabilities in the H + H2 system derived from an adiabatic representation in terms of surface functions on hyperspheres. Special attention is given to the resonance structure for transition probabilities in the first vibrational level.
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  • 54
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 99-112 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Low-lying excitation energies from the ground state of Be were calculated using a basis set of 61 Cartesian Gaussian functions. Three approximations were employed: the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF), second-order equations-of-motion (EOM), and multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree-Fock (MCTDHF). The TDHF excitation energies are 0.5-1.1 eV lower than experiment, and the EOM values are 0.3-1.2 eV lower than experiment, whereas the MCTDHF excitation energies deviate on the absolute average from experiment by only 0.03 eV. We found that in an MCTDHF calculation, any proper MCSCF stationary point is a good reference (i.e., initial) state, not just the ground state. Experimental values for oscillator strength are accurately known only for the 2s2X1S → 2s2p1P0 transition. The TDHF value and the MCTDHF value agree with experiment, but the EOM value does not. The agreement of the TDHF value with experiment seems to be coincidental, because for higher lying transitions the TDHF values differ by approximately a factor of two or more from the more accurate MCTDHF. Frequency independent polarizabilities, α(0), were also calculated with the TDHF, HRPA, and MCTDHF and frequency dependent polarizabilities, β(ω), were calculated with the MCTDHF. No experimental data for Be polarizabilities exist, but we expect the MCTDHF values to be among the most accurate calculations available.
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  • 55
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 941-950 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A version of the CNDO/1 method has been outlined that includes dominant relativistic effects. The method utilizes a nonempirical parametrization based on atomic Dirac-Fock calculations. The goal of this QR-CNDO/1 method lies in its applicability to molecules consisting of arbitrary atoms (z = 1-118). Applications to molecular geometries and ionization potentials for 50 molecules are presented.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 57
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: According to the formulas obtained in the preceding paper, it may be used for all types of the hybridization with any set of azimuthal quantum numbers l, l = 0 through l = 5, and a complete theoretical data of bond angles and bond strengths are shown in this paper.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 71-86 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the unitary-group formulation of quantum chemistry, the spin-projected, configuration-state spaces of quantum chemistry are realized by the irreducible representation spaces (IRS) of the freeon unitary group U(n), where n is the number of freeon orbitals. The Pauli-allowed IRS are labeled by the partitions [λ] = [2(N/2)-s, 12S], where N and S are the particle number and the spin, respectively. The generator-state approach (GSA) to the unitary-group formulation consists of (1) the construction of the overcomplete, nonorthonormal generator basis for each IRS; (2) the Lie-algebraic computation of matrix elements over generator states; (3) the Moshinsky-Nagel construction of the complete, orthonormal Gel'fand basis in terms of the generator basis; and (4) the computation of matrix elements over Gel'fand states in terms of matrix elements over generator states.
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  • 59
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987) 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 60
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 181-191 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been shown that an easier procedure to the study of molecular electrostatic potentials than the prevalent monopole isopotential approach is to use a dipole as the mapping device: allow the dipole to move on a geometrical surface enclosing the molecule such that the distance between the surface and the nearest atoms of the molecule (closest distance of approach) is fixed, say at 2 Å, calculate the electrostatic interaction energy between the molecule and the dipole at different points of the surface, and let the dipole orient itself along the minimum energy direction and treat these minimum energies as the desired electrostatic potentials. Thus the favorable binding sites of a given molecule for other species along with their relative orientations can be obtained. This procedure has been applied to the nucleic acid bases using the necessary input data from two independent sources. Thus success of the procedure in predicting important features of molecular electrostatic potentials has been demonstrated.
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A systematic examination of the components of the interaction energy, obtained with the Kitaura and Morokuma method, for nine H-bonded dimers without and with counterpoise corrections (CP) is presented. The nine dimers Hn A … HBHm correspond to all the possible combinations of HF, H2O, and NH3 as electron donors and electron acceptors. The interaction energy and the corresponding components have been computed over a sizable interval of intermolecular distances with five basis sets (STO-3G, MINI-1, 3-21G, 4-31G, 6-31G**) selected among those most extensively used to study interactions in larger systems. The CP corrections to the ΔE components have been obtained with a method, implemented in our group, which permits assignment to the pertinent components of ΔE of a physically reasonable portion of the CP correction even though different CP corrections are adopted. We examine here three versions of the CP correction, namely, the full CP correction (i.e., the original version of Boys and Bernardi) and CP corrections limited to the virtual space of the partner or to the electron donor only. The resulting data are employed to assess the basis set dependence of several models of hydrogen bonding (the electrostatic model, the semiclassical model, etc.) both with and without CP corrections.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Notes: A detailed analysis of the ΔE(R) curves for nine hydrogen bonded dimers involving HF, H2O, and NH3 as partners, computed with five basis sets (STO-3G, MINI-1, 3-21G, 4-31G, and 6-31G**) and subjected to counterpoise (CP) corrections with three different methods is reported. Using several criteria and tests, the positive effect of full CP corrections for the description obtained with all the basis sets (with the exception of the STO-3G one) is pointed out. The CP correction at the 6-31G** levels is still sizable and improves the results with respect to the estimated Hartree-Fock limits of ΔE(Req) and Req. The results obtained with the application of the full CP correction to the MINI-I energies are of relatively good quality. The STO-3G energies at the SCF level are, on the contrary, overcorrected by the full CP correction and slightly improved by “limited” CP corrections: this basis set, however, is not recommended for calculations of geometries and stabilization energies of H-bonded dimers of this size.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 295-312 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: An accurate analytical electron density for the beryllium atom is obtained by using a fast and systematic method recently developed and tested for the neon atom. Asymptotic conditions both at the nucleus and at large distances are obeyed. A point-by-point comparison between our density and the one obtained from an almost “exact” configuration interaction wave function shows that differences are less than 0.5% for r between 0 and 5 bohrs and less than 1 % up to 9 bohrs. The accuracy of the density is also assessed by comparing results of density moments and x-ray scattering factors.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 361-375 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We discuss a procedure for calculating numerical Hartree-Fock orbitals that can be applied to polyatomic systems. This approach is formulated in momentum space to avoid Coulomb singularities and uses fast Fourier transforms to solve integral convolutions. Results for a number of simple systems are presented.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 405-415 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Binding of Zn2+ to imidazole (Im) and methyl imidazole (MeIm) is studied by ab initio methods as a model for the effect of cation binding on tautomeric energies. Gradient energy optimized conformations were obtained for all neutral and ionic structures, including the deprotonated molecules and the ylides. The N3—H tautomer of MeIm is calculated to be more stable than N1—H by about 1 kcal/mole. However, binding of a Zn2+ cation to the available nitrogen site is found to reverse the order of binding, leaving N1—H more stable by 1 kcal/mole. Binding of Zn2+ produces a significant perturbation in the electronic structure, a smaller shift in the equilibrium conformation of the imidazole ring, and only a small absolute shift in the relative tautomer energies. Methyl substitution at C5 has a small effect on both conformation and energetics.A high-energy ylide tautomer is produced by moving the proton bound to C2 to the N1 atom. The binding of Zn2+ to the C2 site is substantially stronger than to the N1 site, yielding nearly isoenergetic ZnIm2+ conformations for binding to either N or C atoms. For the deprotonated salts the lowest energy conformation has the C2—N3 bond bridged by Zn2+.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 425-427 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It is made clear that two different statements in the literature concerning energy derivatives are completely compatible by deriving them as two different interpretations of the same equation. Some other aspects of these results are also discussed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 435-443 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Accurate methods for computing energies and electronic properties of atoms and molecules have been derived from direct treatment of localized pairs of electrons. The conceptual development and implementation of such methods is reviewed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 473-489 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rigorous derivation of the energy density functional is proposed within the framework of the spinfree, or spin-restricted formulation of the energy density functional theory. It is shown particularly that the kinetic energy density functional is given by a sum of the Weizsacker term and the so-called “modified” Thomas-Fermi one. The variational principle is formulated for the energy density functional theory in terms of the Euler-Lagrange equation, and the virial theorem is proposed.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 591-594 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The time-dependent Schrouml;dinger equation for the oscillator H = α(t)p2 + β(t)x2 + γ(t)x is exactly solved. The time evolution operator is easily obtained by means of an operator algebra and the quantum-mechanical equations of motion. The problem is reduced to solving the classical equations of motion. The method is shown to apply to multidimensional oscillators.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 445-453 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A modified Bohr orbit procedure is used to calculate the energies for the 1S ground state and the 2P, 3D, and 4F excited states of the helium atom. The energies are calculated from \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ {{\int\limits_0^\pi {E\left(\Phi \right)P\left(\Phi \right)d\Phi } } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\int\limits_0^\pi {E\left(\Phi \right)P\left(\Phi \right)d\Phi }} {\int\limits_0^\pi {P\left(\Phi \right)d\Phi } }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {\int\limits_0^\pi {P\left(\Phi \right)d\Phi } }} $\end{document}, in which E(φ) is the Bohr orbit energy for angle φ between the position vectors \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \vec r_1 $\end{document} r1 and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \vec r_2 $\end{document} r2, and P(φ) is a probability function for this angle. Numerical procedures are used to evaluate the integrals. Energies that range between -2.9082 and -2.9054 au are calculated for the 1S state (cf. -2.9037 au, exact). The Bohr energies for the excited states are -2.1318, -2.1240, -2.0562, -2.0555, -2.0314, and -2.0312 au, which are generally close to the exact energies of -2.1332, -2.1239, -2.0557, -2.0557, -2.0313, and -2.0313 au for the 23P, 21P, 33D, 31D, 43F and 41F states. Some relationships that exist between the Bohr theory and the Schrödinger local energies are discussed. Approximate Bohr orbit estimates for the energies of the 2P states of He, Li+,…,Ne8+ are reported.The invariance of the two-electron Bohr hamiltonian with respect to the interchange of the electron coordinates leads to two classical probability functions when the orbit quantum numbers for the two electrons differ.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 463-470 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Valence-bond calculations are reported for the isoelectronic series of molecules and ions: N2, CO, BF, NO+ and CN-. The most important structures are N≡N, C=O, Bπ—F, N+=O and C=N. Hybridization of the 2s and 2p orbitals is important. Only two or three structures are required to obtain an energy lower than that obtained with the molecular orbital approximation. Structures in which the electronegative element loses a σ-orbital or gains a π-orbital are favored. π-bonds tend to be favored over σ-bonds. The bond in NO+ resembles that in CO, whereas that in CN- resembles the bonding in N2.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 471-487 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio SCF, CI, CEPA, and MCSCF techniques are compared and contrasted in a theoretical study of the 1s core ionized Li2 molecule from the point of view of core hole localization. In agreement with earlier studies of symmetric core ionized molecules, SCF theory is found to give a physically reasonable description of core ionization only when symmetry breaking is allowed. This results in a dramatic lowering of the energy of the core ionized state and hence of the ionization potential. By extension, CI wave functions that are developed in terms of a broken symmetry SCF reference plus its single and double excitations are found to perform significantly better than those constructed from symmetry adapted SCF orbitals. Alternatively, if the full point group symmetry is to be retained, a multiconfigurational treatment is called for and, in agreement with the conclusions of an analogous study on O2 [H. Ågren, P.S. Bagus, and B.O. Roos, Chem. Phys. Letters 82, 505(1981)], it is found that a modestly sized MCSCF wave function is capable of accounting for the energetic effects of symmetry breaking. Potential energy curves for Li2 and several states of core ionized Li2 have been calculated, allowing predictions of the adiabatic ionization potential and vibrational, satellite, and Auger structures in the photoelectron spectrum of Li2 to be made.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 489-505 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A practical algorithm is described for generating a set of symmetry- and spin-adapted antisymmetrized products of molecular orbitals (SAAPs) which form an orthogonal basis for a full active configuration space. The spin-adaptation is completely general. The space-symmetry adaptation is accomplished for the groups C∞v and D∞v.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 685-697 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A complete description of the rotational isomerism of monothioformic acid is presented. Ab initio results concerning the barrier heights and the energy difference between the stable isomers are in good agreement with the experimental data. A reduced potential function deduced from our calculations has been used to characterize the kinetics and thermodynamics of the rotational isomerization. The reported ab initio values of equilibrium constants are in good agreement with the experimental ones. From the analysis of the available experimental data, we have found that the free energy and enthalpy behavior are quite similar and that no noticeable entropy contributions are involved in the internal rotation, in agreement with previous studies on unimolecular isomerization processes.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 723-723 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 1-1 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 85-103 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The equilibrium geometry, stabilization energy, and electric polarizability of formic acid, formamide, and the three possible cyclic hydrogen-bonded pairs are obtained by ab initio calculations using the STO-3G, 4-31G, and 6-31G** bases. These three properties are found to be very much dependent on the basis set extension. The polarizability of the dimers is found to be basically additive in contribution from the monomeric moieties.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 133-147 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In the course of conformational motions of molecules the changes in shapes of electronic charge distributions follow that of the nuclear framework. However, this coupling between the changes in the nuclear geometry and electron density may depend on the actual nuclear displacement; the coupling may be weak or strong for a given conformational motion. It is of some interest to analyze how faithfully the charge density variations follow the nuclear displacements in a family of conformational rearrangements. In certain cases small conformational changes may induce large changes in the shape of charge density distributions, while in other cases large and qualitatively important conformational changes may involve qualitatively inessential distortions in the shape of electron distributions. In this article we describe a new classification of conformations based on those domains of nuclear configuration space within which the „shape groups“ (symmetry independent homology groups) of the electric charge density remain invariant. Such an analysis might be valuable when seeking correlations between molecular structure and certain biological or biochemical activities.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 211-219 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Practical aspects of the calculation of the proton transfer process in a model of the active site of the thiol protease papain are explored with basis sets of different sizes. Results from ab initio calculations with the STO-3G, 4-31G, 6-31G, 6-31G* basis set, and a 6-31G basis set augmented with polarization functions on the sulfur atom are compared for their performance in describing the proton transfer energy. The nature of the convergence of the calculated properties of the potential curve for proton transfer with the increase in basis set indicates the need for a split-valence basis set and for polarization functions on the sulfur in order to achieve an appropriate description of this system. Correlation corrections to the calculated energies are shown to contribute significantly to the characteristics of the proton transfer energy curve.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 281-288 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The scope of multistep modeling (MSM) is expanded by adding a least-squares minimization step in the procedure to fit backbone reconstruction consistent with a set of C-alpha coordinates. The analytical solution of Phi and Psi angles, that fits a C-alpha x-ray coordinate [1] is used for tyr-tRNA synthetase. Phi and Psi angles for the region where the above mentioned method fails, are obtained by minimizing the difference in C-alpha distances between the computed model and the crystal structure in a least-squares sense. We present a stepwise application of this part of MSM to the determination of the complete backbone geometry of the 321 N terminal residues of tyrosine tRNA synthetase to a root mean square deviation of 0.47 Å from the crystallographic C-alpha coordinates.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 325-330 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have examined an application of the weighted identification number in the QSAR study of the toxicity of aliphatic ethers on mice. The results obtained are superior to those achieved by the connectivity index.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987) 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 83
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 13-14 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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  • 84
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 89-97 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ab initio self-consistent-field electronic state calculations have been carried out for an interstitial-iron-substitutional-boron impurity pair complex in silicon. The calculations do not provide support for the currently accepted microscopic ionic model for the pair. Rather, we have shown that the covalent effects play a basic role in determining the physical properties of the complex.
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  • 85
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 115-129 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: By analyzing the convergence properties of the lattice sums in the exchange part of the restricted Hartree-Fock orbital energy, we isolate the source of the nonanalytic behavior of a partially occupied band at the Fermi energy. This analysis shows how an extended system behaves qualitatively differently from a finite system but also provides a possibility of following the development of nonanalyticity as the size of the system grows.
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  • 86
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 163-170 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The aromatic (A) and quinoid (Q) forms of polythiophene (PT) have entirely different energy gaps: ∼0.5 eV for the quinoid form and ∼2 eV for the aromatic form, respectively. The energy gaps and stability of derivatives of PT are studied by total MNDO geometry optimization using energy band theory for the total energy calculations followed by a Hückel energy band calculations to approximate the energy band structure. Addition of fused rings to PT reverses the order of stability of the aromatic and quinoid isomers and the ordering in the size of the energy gaps. Small energy gap polymers are suggested on the basis of the calculations.
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  • 87
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 191-198 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chemical reactions and conformational changes of N-atom systems can be described as displacements in a (3N-6)-dimensional metric configuration space M provided with a global metric. Although space M has a metric, it is not in general a vector space; it is a topological space. In contrast to the commonly used internal configuration spaces based on bond length/bond angle internal coordinates, and having no global metrics, within space M each internal configuration of the nuclei of the molecule corresponds to one and only one point of the space. This property of M is advantageous when analyzing chemical reactions. The global metric of M ensures that differences between any two internal configurations can be interpreted as a distance in this space that allows one to provide M with coordinate systems by turning M into a manifold with boundary. Certain formal reaction paths show some counterintuitive behavior within this space: they may undergo a formal reflection at some points of M. A condition, the tangent criterion, is used for the diagnosis of such reaction paths and for the determination of special nuclear configurations where such reflections occur.
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  • 88
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 649-662 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Energies and geometries for a number of small hydrogen bonded dimers have been calculated by semiempirical method based on a perturbation approach. Results have been compared with experimental and the best theoretical data. A quite good description of equilibrium configurations has been obtained in every case when local multipoles from sufficiently accurate wave functions have been used. Hydrogen bond lengths have not been predicted with sufficient precision. Results indicate, however, that it should be possible to achieve improvement in the framework of the applied calculation scheme by modification of the parameter values.
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  • 89
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 283-295 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We examine the photoaddition of hydroxylazoaromatic compounds and related thione analogs with olefins. By examining the properties of the lowest lying singlet and triplet states, we conclude that the product distribution is best described by the unpaired spin density of the triplet state. This suggests that absorption of light by the aromatic is followed by conversion into the triplet, and this triplet is the active precursor. Since unrestricted molecular orbital calculations are easily performed on the lowest triplet of these aromatics, prediction of possible products is straightforward.
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  • 90
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 267-282 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Hydrogen addition to acetylene has been studied by molecular orbital methods with the unrestricted Hartree-Fock (HF)approach and with Møller-Plesset (MP) perturbation theory up to fourth order using the 6-31G*, 6-31G**, and 6-311G** basis sets. For each basis set a number of points along an approximate reaction path were calculated by fixing the attacking H—C distance and optimizing all of the remaining parameters. At these geometries, single point MP4 calculations with and without spin projection were carried out, yielding the position, height, and shape of the addition barrier at the various levels of calculation with each of the three basis sets. The results of this approach were confirmed by a grid search of the region near the transition state using the 6-31G* basis set. The unprojected MP2, MP3, and MP4 barriers are too narrow and are 10-20 kcal/mol too high. With spin projection, the barriers are much lower and broader. At the PMP4SDTQ/6-311G** level, with zero point energy calculated at UHF/6-31G*, the vibrationally adiabatic barrier at 0 K is 4.0 kcal/mol, and the attacking H—C distance is 2.0 Å.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 313-319 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We explore the implications of static disorder on electron transfer (ET) in a microscopically inhomogeneous polar medium, where the environment of each solute is characterized by a single dielectric relaxation time, τ, with the distribution function of τ being related to the complex dielectric susceptibility. For the interesting situation of solvent-controlled ET, the decay of the population probability is nonexponential, which can be expressed in terms of a cumulant expansion. The microscopic decay function can be related to the macroscopic step-response function of the dielectric medium.
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  • 92
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 355-362 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A self-consistent model capable of describing the interaction of a metal electrode/liquid electrolyte interface is presented. As in a real system, a capacity maximum shifted towards positive charges is obtained from the model. The metal is represented by the planar uniform background model (jellium). The solvent is described by a polar liquid whose response to charge is accounted for in terms of the local approximation. The interaction between the metal and ions is modelled by a charged plane placed near the metal surface. Charge neutrality of the whole system is preserved. The present model is a good approximation for highly concentrated solutions.
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  • 93
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 733-737 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we outline briefly how microlocal analysis can be applied to give a general approach to the mathematical theory of resonances in the semiclassical limit. We also describe recent results about the asymptotic behavior of resonances generated by closed trajectories and stationary points in the classical flow.
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  • 94
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 739-746 
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper we make explicit constructions of a family Aθ of intertwining operators between the Schrödinger operator Hv = -Δ + v(x) and H0 = -Δ. The wave operators and the scattering matrix are expressed in terms of the Aθ, and some methods of inverse scattering are described.
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 707-731 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Examples from music and nuclear, as well as atomic and molecular, physics are given to introduce and illustrate the resonance concept. Some fundamental concepts of scattering theory such as the differential and the total cross section are presented. The concept of the collision complex is illustrated with a light particle scattering reaction in nuclear physics. The concept of channels is introduced, and this formalism (which is so far empirical in nature) is dressed in the language of quantum mechanics. Finally I show that our descriptions of phenomena in nuclear physics can also be used in atomic and molecular physics.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
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    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The analytic energy gradient method that we have recently implemented for CCSD wave functions is applied to fully optimize the pyramidal C3v and planar D3h structures of ammonia. Using a double-zeta plus polarization basis set, results for harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities, and dipole moments have been obtained. Comparison with different levels of truncated configuration interaction suggests that CCSD values are of better than CISD quality and generally closer to CISDTQ results.
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  • 97
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 539-545 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Effective core potentials are utilized in conjunction with polarization propagator calculations of excited state properties. The propagator method employed is based on an antisymmetrized geminal power wave function as the reference state. Calculations are presented on the low-lying excited states of HF and NaH. All-electron and valence-electron results are compared for HF. The choice of basis set is found to be very important for obtaining good results.
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  • 98
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 32 (1987), S. 569-572 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The nonadiabatic energy correction term of the hydrogen molecule at large separation is discussed to determine whether or not the nuclear motion induces the inter-atomic interaction potential. Nonadiabatic vibrational motion of nuclei induces the internal charge polarization of atoms to give the novel correction term to the London R-6 force. The correction term is (4/M) (1/R3), which is important at large R despite the overwhelming magnitude of nuclear mass.
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  • 99
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    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 31 (1987), S. 755-794 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As an extension of the recent atomic work of Krylstedt et al. [1, 2], we propose the synthesis of the static exchange plus polarization model within the multiple scattering Xα formalism and the exterior complex rotation method for the study of shape resonances occurring in molecular collisional systems. The bound state multiple scattering Xα method is reviewed with special attention to the form of the various wave functions for the different molecular regions. In connection with the inclusion of continuum electron exchange into the scattering model, we analyze a possible solution to the problem of asymptotical behavior caused by the local density-based free electron gas approximation used in this case. We also propose a method to fix the cutoff parameter, inherent in the polarization potential, for symmetry-related molecular participants in the scattering process, thereby obtaining a possible predictive power for the one-parameter scattering model.Titchmarsh-Weyl's theory is used to formally connect the above formulation to scattering theory. The theoretical difficulties in obtaining a unique meromorphic continuation of the S matrix are investigated in connection with the requirements on the actual potential to be exterior dilation analytic. Furthermore, the occurrence of asymptotic quantum numbers is noted and discussed in conjunction with muffin tin-like approximations and related exterior complex rotated schemes.It is found that the electron exchange part of the nonstatic one-body potential exhibits a functional form that is not exterior dilation analytic, albeit the general electron and nuclear many-body problem involving Coulomb forces are dilation analytic. Although the immediate consequences indicate a rotation angle (θ) dependence on the S matrix continuation, a uniquely defined assignment of the cutoff parameter r0 = r0(θ) makes the present nonstatic model “exterior dilation analytic” in the sense that it mimics the dilation analytic structure of the full many-body problem at the same time obeying “asymptotic” spherical symmetry via the associated constant of evolution. However, in the static exchange approximation the above difficulties are shown to be circumvented via a certain reformulation, leading to a regular analytic asymptotic form for the interaction potential.
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    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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