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  • 1
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Photosynthetic electron transport and low-temperature fluorescence emission properties have been analyzed in isolated chloroplasts during the course of frost hardening and dehardening of Pinus silvestris L. Both the partial electron-transport reactions (H2O DPIP and Asc./DPIP NADP) and the overall electron transport (H2O — NAPD) showed decreasing capacities during the course of hardening. Upon exposing the plants to −5°C and high irradiance a block in the electron-transport chain between the two photosystems developed, whereas the partial reactions still showed activities. The decrease in activity of PSl was accompanied by a decrease in P700 content, as determined by light oxidation of P700, which indicates a correlation between the two changes.Hardening also induced changes in the in vivo chlorophyll organization. During the course of hardening the fluorescence emission bands F692 and F726 decreased relative to F680. These changes were more pronounced if the plants were treated in high than in low irradiance. This suggests a greater destruction of the chlorophyll antennae in close association with the two photoreactions than in the so-called light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b antenna.During dehardening basically the reverse of the changes observed during hardening occurred. The recovery of secondary needles was complete, whereas primary needles only partly recovered.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 44 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The seasonal changes in the relative distribution of P700 chlorophyll-protein complex a1 and light harvesting chlorophyll-protein complex a/b were studied in a natural stand of Pinus silvestris. Similar measurements were made after artificial photobleaching of chlorophyll in pine seedlings or in isolated pine chloroplasts. The chlorophyll-protein complexes were solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate and separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When autumn and winter destruction of chlorophyll occurs, the chlorophyll a antenna associated with P700 in photosystem 1 (P700-CPa1) is relatively more affected than the light harvesting complex, which lacks a reaction centre. These results are further supported by low-temperature fluorescence emission properties of isolated chloroplasts presented in this work and elsewhere. The destruction of chlorophyll in stressing autumn and winter climates is most probably caused by photosensitized oxidation of chlorophyll.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Thylakoids isolated from pine chloroplasts were solubilized by sodium dodecyl sulphate and the polypeptides were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The chlorophyll-protein complexes, P700-CPa1 and LH-CPa/b, had apparent molecular weights of 92,000 and 25,000, respectively. When the chlorophyll of P700-CPa1 was extracted or photobleached, the apoprotein of P700-CPa1 appeared as a pronounced peak in the polypeptide scan profile. The molecular weight of the apoprotein was 70,000. During autumn and winter the complex P700-CPa1 was destroyed. This was primarily caused by bleaching of chlorophyll, as the 70,000 apoprotein increased in the scan profile when the complex P700-CPa1 decreased. The winter destruction of P700-CPa1 was less pronounced in old needles than in young. Freezing of frost-hardened seedlings did not change the polypeptide scan profile, unless the temperature was lowered below the frost-killing point followed by thawing and post-treatment in light or darkness above 0°C. Again the main destruction occurred in the P700-CPa1 complex, but in this case no significant increase of the apoprotein was observed. These alterations in the polypeptide scan profile of frost-killed needles were not caused by the low temperature treatment as such, but they occurred after thawing of the needles.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 13 (1969), S. 195-212 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Benzol, Pyridin, Fluorbenzol und Pyriliumion wurden mit einer iterativen EH-Methode und einer iterativen PPP-VE-Methode berechnet. Es zeigte sich, daß Ladungsverteilungen bei Benutzung des Iterationsverfahrens besser beschrieben werden. Polarisationseffekte derσ-Elektronen auf die π-Elektronen stellen sich als wichtig heraus. Auch in der IEH-Methode bleibt das oberste besetzte MO des Pyridins ein einsames Elektronenpaar. Am Fluoratom im Fluorbenzol werden zwei einsameσ-Elektronenpaare erhalten. Die Resultate führen zu der Annahme, daß dieses Atom nicht hybridisiert ist.
    Abstract: Resumé Des calculs par les méthodes itératives de Hückel étendu pour tous les électrons de valence et de PPP avec électronégativité variable pour les électrons π ont été effectués pour le benzène, la pyridine, le fluorobenzène et l'ion pyrylium. Les distributions de charge pour tons ces composés sont plus uniformes et plus plausibles avec les procédés itératis que sans. Les électronsσ ont un effet de polarisation important sur les électrons π. La plus haute orbitale occupée dans la pyridine reste identifiable comme la paire libre dans la méthode de Hückel étendue, et l'on obtient deux paires libresσ sur l'atome de fluor du fluorobenzène. Cet atome n'est pas hybride.
    Notes: Abstract Iterative extended Hükel calculations for all valence electrons and iterative PPP calculations in the variable electronegativity formalism for π-electrons were performed on benzene, pyridine, fluorobenzene, and the pyrylium ion. The charge distributions for all compounds were found more uniform and plausible with the iteration procedures than without. Polarization effects from theσ-electrons were found to be of importance for the π-electrons. The lone-pair picture of the highest occupied MO in pyridine is preserved in the iterative extended Hückel method, and twoσ lone-pairs were obtained on the fluorine atom of fluorobenzene. The results indicate that this atom is not hybridized.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 7 (1967), S. 150-155 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit der PPP-Methode wurden dieπ-Elektronenergien voncis- undtrans-Stilben und dem Benzylradikal berechnet. Spezielle Aufmerksamkeit wurde auf den Unterschied der beiden Isomere bezüglich der Gesamtenergie und der sterischen Hinderung gerichtet.
    Abstract: Résumé Les énergies des électronsπ ducis et dutrans-stilbène ainsi que du radical benzyle ont été calculées à l'aide de la méthode semi-empirique de Pariser, Parr et Pople. On étudie particulièrement les différences des énergies totales entre les deux isomères et l'empêchement stérique de la forme cis.
    Notes: Abstract π-electron energies ofcis- andtrans-stilbene and the benzyl radical have been calculated by use of the semiempirical method proposed byPariser, Parr andPople. Special attention is devoted to differences in total energies between the two isomers and to the steric hindrance in thecis-form.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 9 (1967), S. 133-139 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Valenzrichtung eines Hybrids wird als die Richtung vom Atomkern zum Schwerpunkt der Elektronendichte difiniert. Dabei werden auch komplexe Koeffizienten für die atomaren Zustandsfunktionen zugelassen, wodurch eine erhebliche Erweiterung des Hybridisierungs-konzeptes im Hinblick auf Valenzwinkel und Nebenbedingungen infolge von Äquivalenz möglich ist. Allgemeine Ausdrücke für die Richtungskosinus und Bindungswinkel werden angegeben, ebenso einige Beispiele für Moleküle mit Winkeln unter 90
    Abstract: Résumé La direction de valence est définie comme la direction joignant le noyau atomique au centre de gravité de la densité de l'hybride. Des coefficients de mélange complexes sont introduits dans l'hybride pour les orbitales de moment angulaire pur. Ceci permet une extension considérable du concept d'hybridation en ce qui concerne les angles de valence et les restrictions d'équivalence. Des expressions générales pour les cosinus directeurs des directions de valence et pour les angles de liaison sont obtenues et appliquées á plusieurs molécules dont les angles de liaison sont au plus de 90
    Notes: Abstract The direction of valence is defined as the direction from the atomic nucleus to the center of gravity of the hybrid density. Complex mixing coefficients of the orbitals of pure angular momentum are introduced in the hybrid. This allows a considerable extension of the hybridization concept with regard to valence angles and equivalence restrictions. General expressions for the direction consines of valence and for bond angles are given, and applications are made to several molecules with bond angles of 90 degrees or less.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 7 (1967), S. 352-355 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The valence electron distributions of the hydrogen-bonded systems C4H4NH … NC5H5 formed from pyrrole and pyridine and C4H4N- … HNC5H+ from pyrrole anion and pyridinium ion have both been investigated using the charge iterative extended Hückel method. The results are presented in the form of contour diagrams showing the charge densities in pertinent sections of the hydrogen-bonded systems, and also in the corresponding parts of the non-interacting constituent molecules. The density differences between interacting and non-interacting systems brought about by hydrogen bonding are also presented. Like earlier investigated hydrogen bond types, an N—H … N bond is characterized by an increase of charge density in the covalent N—H bond, and a decrease at the acceptor atom. The formation of a rather low maximum in the centre of the H … N bond is also observed. The hydrogen bonding interaction causes a transfer of charge to the donor molecule of the same order of magnitude in both systems considered.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Quantum Chemistry 13 (1978), S. 563-564 
    ISSN: 0020-7608
    Keywords: Computational Chemistry and Molecular Modeling ; Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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