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  • BIOSCIENCES  (1,698)
  • 1970-1974  (1,698)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1
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    Auditory system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The physical correlations of hearing, i.e. the acoustic stimuli, are reported. The auditory system, consisting of external ear, middle ear, inner ear, organ of Corti, basilar membrane, hair cells, inner hair cells, outer hair cells, innervation of hair cells, and transducer mechanisms, is discussed. Both conductive and sensorineural hearing losses are also examined.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 667-691
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  • 2
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    Toxicology (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Oxygen toxicity is examined, including the effects of oxygen partial pressure variations on toxicity and oxygen effects on ozone and nitrogen dioxide toxicity. Toxicity of fuels and oxidizers, such as hydrazines, are reported. Carbon monoxide, spacecraft threshold limit values, emergency exposure limits, spacecraft contaminants, and water quality standards for space missions are briefly summarized.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 455-487
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  • 3
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    Toxicology of spacecraft materials (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The procedures for determining the toxicity of products outgassed from spacecraft structures are discussed. The test equipment involved in the tests and the criteria for acceptability are described. The use of animals as the final step in determining toxicity of a spacecraft environment is explained.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Conf. on Mater. for Improved Fire Safety; p 207-210
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  • 4
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    Quarantine, microbiological, and heat sterilization technologies (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Subjects on planetary flight missions, supporting technology, microbial release probabilities, heat sterilization cycles
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NNING, EVALUATION, AND ANAL. STUDIES IN PLANETARY QUARANTINE AND SPACECRAFT STERILIZATION 15 JUN. 1970 (SEE N70-35042 19-04) 19-04/
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  • 5
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    Conflicting sensory orientation cues as a factor in motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Conflicting sensory data relating to spatial orientation from visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems inducing motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 45-52
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  • 6
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    A quantitative study of vestibular adaptation in humans, part 3 (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Mathematical model for short-term adaptation to vestibular stimuli in relation to angular velocity of nystagmus and angular velocity of head rotation
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 369-393
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  • 7
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    Certain aspects of onboard centrifuges and artificial gravity (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Design criteria for onboard centrifuges in orbital space stations to create artificial gravity
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 329-346
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  • 8
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    Electrophysiological experiments on the isolated surviving labyrinth of elasmobranch fish to analyze the responses to linear accelerations (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Linear acceleration effects on semicircular canals in elasmobranch fishes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 159-166
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  • 9
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    A resume of sessions on motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Neurological elements in vomiting sequence and components of emetic reflex in motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 117-120
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  • 10
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    Biomedical experiments. Part A: Biostack experiment (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The biostack experiment is described which was designed to study the biologic effects of individual heavy nuclei of galactic cosmic radiation during space flight outside the magnetosphere of the earth. Specifically, the biostack experiment was designed to promote research on the effects of high energy/high Z particles of galactic cosmic radiation on a broad spectrum of biologic systems, from the molecular to the highly organized and developed forms of life. The experiment was considered unique and scientifically meritorious because of its potential yield of information - currently unavailable on earth - on the interaction of biologic systems with the heavy particles of galactic cosmic radiation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 10 p
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  • 11
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    The vestibular system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The end organs, central nervous system connections, and static and dynamic characteristics of the vestibular system are presented. Vestibular servation in man and vestibular side effect prevention from space missions involving artificial gravity generation are also considered. Vestibular models and design criteria for rotating space vehicles are appended.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 533-609
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  • 12
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    Surveyor 3: Bacterium isolated from lunar retrieved television camera (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Microbial analysis was the first of several studies of the retrieved camera and was performed immediately after the camera was opened. The emphasis of the analysis was placed upon isolating microorganisms that could be potentially pathogenic for man. Every step in the retrieval of the Surveyor 3 television camera was analyzed for possible contamination sources, including camera contact by the astronauts, ingassing in the lunar and command module during the mission or at splashdown, and handling during quarantine, disassembly, and analysis at the Lunar Receiving Laboratory
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 239-248
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  • 13
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    Progress in vestibular modeling. Part 1 - Response of the semicircular canals to constant rotation in a linear acceleration field (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Dynamic response of semicircular canals to constant rotation in linear acceleration field
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 353-362
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  • 14
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    Secondary etiological factors in the causation of motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Extralabyrinthine influences as secondary etiological factors in susceptibility to motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 83-88
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  • 15
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    Microbial response to space environment, part B (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The performance of the microbial response to space environment experiment is considered excellent by all investigators. For most microbial systems, only preliminary survival data are available at this time. None of the available data indicate space flight-mediated changes in cell viability or recovery. One quite important observation has been made at this early date, however. The eggs produced after mice had been infected with N. dubius larvae demonstrated a significant decrease in hatchability when compared to identical ground controls. Except for the fact that the Apollo 16 flight larvae had been on board the command module, treatment of the flown larvae and ground control larvae was the same; neither had been exposed to UV irradiation. The significance and implications of this finding are currently being studied.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 6 p
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  • 16
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    Visual light flash phenomenon, part C (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The Apollo 16 mission provided the opportunity to obtain additional data on the characteristics and frequency of the light flashes and also provided the first opportunity to obtain a direct physical record of incident cosmic ray particles with the Apollo light flash moving emulsion detector (ALFMED). The ALFMED is an electromechanical device that is worn on the head like a helmet and supports cosmic radiation-sensitive emulsions around the head of the test subject. Two light flash observation sessions were conducted during the mission: one during translunar coast and the second during transearth coast. Characteristics of the light flashes observed and reported by the Apollo crew members were generally similar to those reported on previous missions. Analyses of the ALFMED emulsion plates are proceeding as scheduled, although results are not yet available. The ALFMED results should provide conclusive evidence establishing the correlation, if any, between the incident cosmic ray particles and the perception of light flashes as reported by Apollo crew members.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Apollo 16 Prelim. Sci. Rept.; 4 p
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  • 17
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    Experimental studies of the eliciting mechanism of motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Linear acceleration movements as eliciting mechanism of motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 7-28
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  • 18
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    Walking in simulated lunar gravity (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Energy requirements for walking in simulated lunar gravity
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 347-352
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  • 19
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    Experimental and clinical experiences and comments on ultrasonic treatment of Meniere's disease (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Experimental and clinical treatment of Meniere's disease using ultrasonic radiation
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 269-284
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  • 20
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    The cerebellovestibular interaction in the cat's vestibular nuclei neurons (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Postsynaptic effects of vestibular and cerebellar impulses in vestibular nuclei neurons of cat
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 183-200
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  • 21
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    Computer analysis of single-unit discharges in the vestibular nerve of the frog (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Computer analysis of single-unit discharges in vestibular nerve of frog
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 137-144
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  • 22
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    The symptomatology of motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Inadequate and inappropriate vascular and circulatory responses as causative factors in motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 89-98
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  • 23
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    The otolith organs as a primary etiological factor in motion sickness - With a note on off-vertical rotation (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Otolith organs as primary etiological factor in motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 53-66
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  • 24
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    The problem of homeostasis in space medicine (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Life support systems and space suits for preserving homeostatic reactions of astronauts
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED'TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOUSKIY APR. 1970; P 91-98
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  • 25
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    Vision (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Some data on human vision, important in present and projected space activities, are presented. Visual environment and performance and structure of the visual system are also considered. Visual perception during stress is included.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 611-665
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  • 26
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    Respiratory system (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: The general anatomy and function of the human respiratory system is summarized. Breathing movements, control of breathing, lung volumes and capacities, mechanical relations, and factors relevant to respiratory support and equipment design are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: BioTechnol., Inc. Bioastronaut. Data Book, 2d Ed.; p 489-531
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  • 27
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    Microbiological sampling of returned Surveyor 3 electrical cabling (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: A piece of electrical wiring bundle running from the television camera to another part of the spacecraft was selected for microbiological examination. Sampling methods are discussed. The results presented show that no viable microorganisms were recovered from the part of the Surveyor 3 cable which was tested. Factors that could have contributed to the sterility of the cable are thermal vacuum testing, natural dieoff, change in pressure during launch, and lunar vacuum and temperature.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Analysis of Surveyor 3 Mater. and Phot. Returned by Apollo 12; p 248-251
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  • 28
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    Thresholds for the perception of angular acceleration about the three major body axes (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Perception thresholds of rotation about three major body axes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 299-306
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  • 29
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    Multisensory influence upon single units in the vestibular nucleus (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Multisensory stimulation effects on single units in vestibular nucleus of cat
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 201-208
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  • 30
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    Prevention of motion sickness in the slow rotation room by incremental increases in strength of stimulus (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Preventing motion sickness in slow rotation room by incremental increases in strength of stimulus
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 109-116
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  • 31
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    Vestibular activity in the descending medial longitudinal fasciculus (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Vestibular activity in descending medial longitudinal fasciculus
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 237-242
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  • 32
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    Anatomical aspects on the functional organization of the vestibulospinal projection, with special reference to the sites of termination (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Functional organization of vestibulospinal projection in ear, emphasizing sites of termination
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 167-182
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  • 33
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    Use of drugs in the prevention of motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Scopolamine and d-amphetamine in prevention of motion sickness
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 99-108
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  • 34
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    Experiences with research on motion sickness (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-27
    Description: Motion sickness susceptibility related to wave character and effects of sickness on performance
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NAVAL AEROSPACE MED. INST. 4TH SYMP. ON THE ROLE OF THE VESTIBULAR ORGANS IN SPACE EXPLORATION 1970; P 29-32
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  • 35
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    Electrical manifestations of cardiac activity (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Electrocardiography and vector cardiography of athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 106-149
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  • 36
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    Some comments on control of the microvascular system (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-16
    Description: Dynamic model for microvascular system control of mammal body kinematics
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 76-112
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  • 37
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    Psychological factors of prolonged space flights (1970)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-11-17
    Description: Psychological factors of prolonged space flight on astronaut performance
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: TRANS. OF THE FIRST LECTURES DEDICATED TO THE DEVELOP. OF THE SCI. HERITAGE OF K. E. TSIOLKOVSKIY APR. 1970; P 98-105
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  • 38
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    Subjective and nystagmus reactions considered in relation to models of vestibular function (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Modelling will become increasingly important as more knowledge is accumulated, because it offers advantages in predicting reactions of individuals in a variety of situations, including novel aerospace environments, and in specifying a few parameters which should have considerable clinical significance. However, the need for continuing experimental crosschecks of these models has been illustrated by several sets of results which would not have been predicted by any existing models.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 211-219
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  • 39
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    Artifacts produced during electrical stimulation of the vestibular nerve in cats (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Evidence is presented to indicate that evoked potentials in the recurrent laryngeal, the cervical sympathetic, and the phrenic nerve, commonly reported as being elicited by vestibular nerve stimulation, may be due to stimulation of structures other than the vestibular nerve. Experiments carried out in decerebrated cats indicated that stimulation of the petrous bone and not that of the vestibular nerve is responsible for the genesis of evoked potentials in the recurrent laryngeal and the cervical sympathetic nerves. The phrenic response to electrical stimulation applied through bipolar straight electrodes appears to be the result of stimulation of the facial nerve in the facial canal by current spread along the petrous bone, since stimulation of the suspended facial nerve evoked potentials only in the phrenic nerve and not in the recurrent laryngeal nerve. These findings indicate that autonomic components of motion sickness represent the secondary reactions and not the primary responses to vestibular stimulation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 115-123
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  • 40
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    Perception of the upright and susceptibility to motion sickness as functions of angle of tilt and angular velocity in off-vertical rotation (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Motion sickness susceptibility of four normal subjects was measured in terms of duration of exposure necessary to evoke moderate malaise (MIIA) as a function of velocity in a chair rotated about a central axis tilted 10 deg with respect to gravitational upright. The subjects had little or no susceptibility to this type of rotation at 2.5 and 5.0 rpm, but with further increases in rate, the MIIA endpoint was always reached and with ever shorter test durations. Minimal provocative periods for all subjects were found at 15 or 20 rpm. Higher rotational rates dramatically reversed the vestibular stressor effect, and the subjects as a group tended to reach a plateau of relatively low susceptibility at 40 and 45 rpm. At these higher velocities, furthermore, the subjects essentially lost their sensation of being tilted off vertical. In the second half of the study, the effect of tilt angle was varied while the rotation rate was maintained at a constant 17.5 rpm. Two subjects were completely resistant to symptoms of motion sickness when rotated at 2.5 deg off vertical; with greater off-vertical angles, the susceptibility of all subjects increased sharply at first, then tapered off in a manner reflecting a Fechnerian function.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 99-103
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  • 41
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    Crew microbiology (DTO 71-19) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: States of microbial imbalance as a result of human altitude chamber confinement occurred, for the most part, only in those genera and species of bacteria, yeast, and fungi which are classified as transients and are not part of the true indigenous flora of the crewmembers. Inasmuch as no crew illness events occurred and only subtle changes in the indigenous flora were noted, it appears that confinement of 56-days in a Skylab simulated environment does not mediate toward shifts in bacterial populations which have obvious clinical significance.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 12 p
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    Use of Lorente de No's neuron circuit model for describing acceleratory nystagmus (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Results of a previous metric analysis and an electronic simulation of acceleratory nystagmus are given. On this basis, a tentative mathematical model for describing acceleratory nystagmus is reported. The essential content of the model is Lorente de No's neuron circuit, to which the two-factor theory of excitation has been applied.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 263-272
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    Systems analysis of the vestibulo-ocular system (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The vestibulo-ocular system is examined from the standpoint of system theory. The evolution of a mathematical model of the vestibulo-ocular system in an attempt to match more and more experimental data is followed step by step. The final model explains many characteristics of the eye movement in vestibularly induced nystagmus. The analysis of the dynamic behavior of the model at the different stages of its development is illustrated in time domain, mainly in a qualitative way.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 237-249
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  • 44
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    Use of Steinhausen's model for describing periodic Coriolis star nystagmus (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Phase lag, maximal slow phase velocity, and beat frequency were measured in periodic Coriolis star nystagmus. The results have been described by Steinhausen's model of the semicircular canal system. Estimates of the biophysical constants have been obtained. It is concluded that this model is a good functional approximation for describing, and also for interpreting, the behavior of the system.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 251-262
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  • 45
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    On visual-vestibular interaction (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Experimental evidence is presented regarding visual vestibular interaction, and the results of three studies on the subject are briefly noted. An attempt to put together some of these observations with elementary notions of a visual vestibular interaction program is shown in the form of a flow chart representation of a possible model. This is a nonlinear model in which visual and vestibular influences are linearly weighted when they are in relative agreement but switch to the more believable one when they are in disagreement. A solution to the human space orientation problem is depicted by a schema for optimal subjective orientation based on several sensory modalities.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 205-210
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  • 46
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    Responses to rotating linear acceleration vectors considered in relation to a model of the otolith organs (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Human subjects were exposed to a linear acceleration vector that rotated in the transverse plane of the skull without angular counterrotation. Lateral eye movements showed a sinusoidal change in slow phase velocity and an asymmetry or bias in the same direction as vector rotation. A model is developed that attributes the oculomotor response to otolithic mechanisms. It is suggested that the bias component is the manifestation of torsion of the statoconial plaque relative to the base of the utricular macula and that the sinusoidal component represents the translational oscillation of the statoconia. The model subsumes a hypothetical neural mechanism which allows x- and y-axis accelerations to be resolved. Derivation of equations of motion for the statoconial plaque in torsion and translation, which take into account forces acting in shear and normal to the macula, yield estimates of bias and sinusoidal components that are in qualitative agreement with the diverse experimental findings.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 221-236
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  • 47
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    Otolithic influences on extraocular and intraocular muscles (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Selective stimulation of utricular gravireceptors leads to gross activation of the bulbar reticular formation where a strong interaction with evoked spino-bulbo-spinal reflex activity occurs. The utricular neurons encountered by microelectrodes in the lateral vestibular nuclei show four types of elicited activity; two of these display an increased firing rate, and two exhibit pronounced inhibitory effects. Application of a stimulus of long duration and constant intensity to the utricle has shown that rapid adaptation of the peripheral receptors is a prominent feature. The effects of selective utricular stimulation upon eye movements, as recorded by the corneoretinal potential method, have been studied in experiments on cats and monkeys and it can be firmly stated that prolonged stimulation of the utricle can evoke strong primary nystagmus, followed by a secondary nystagmus at the cessation of stimulation. The action of utricular stimulation on ocular reflexes has been examined further, with particular attention to evoked pupillary reactions in both cats and monkeys: constriction during the fast phase of the brisk conjugate eye movement, and dilatation during the flow phase.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 195-201
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  • 48
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    Habituation of vestibular responses: An overview (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: An historical survey of vestibular habituation experiments has been undertaken. Methodological problems are presented briefly, and the influence of arousal on vestibular responses is detailed. Data obtained from animals and from man are treated separately. At least for man, the term habituation may be better defined by a dynamic change in the form of vestibular responses than by a simple response reduction.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 157-193
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  • 49
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    Scanning electron microscopy of the vestibular end organs (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The vestibular end organs, after chemical fixation, were freeze dried, coated with gold and palladium, and studied in the scanning microscope. Scanning microscopy gives a good three dimensional view of the sensory areas and allows study of both gross anatomy and microstructures. Cross anatomical features of the structure of the ampullae are demonstrated. The form of the statoconia in different species of animals is shown. New aspects of the structure of the sensory hairs are revealed. The hair bundles in the central areas of the cristae and in the striola of the maculae differ structurally from the hair bundles at the periphery of the sensory regions. Furthermore, some hair bundles consisting of very short stereocilia were observed. The relationship between the cupula and the statoconial membrane to the epithelial surface is discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 145-156
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  • 50
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    Anti-motion-sickness therapy (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Neither alterations in environmental temperature nor moderate intake of alcohol was found to alter susceptibility to motion sickness in subjects exposed to rotation in the Pensacola slow rotation room. Scopolamine with d-amphetamine was found to be the most effective preparation for the prevention of motion sickness under the experimental conditions of the studies reported here. Promethazine in combination with d-amphetamine was in the same range of effectiveness. Drug actions suggest that acetylcholine and norepinephrine may be involved in motion sickness.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washinton Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 109-114
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  • 51
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    The ferrioxalate actinometry system of the microbial response to space environment experiment (M191) (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The fluid actinometry portion of the Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191) was designed for measurement of the solar energy that penetrates certain optical filter systems during exposure in space. Potassium ferrioxalate was used to measure energy at peak wavelengths of 254, 280, and 300 nanometers because of its high degree of sensitivity and its linear response to the middle ultraviolet regions.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 169-178
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  • 52
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    Effects of space environment on T-7 bacteriophage and spores of Bacillus subtilis 168 (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Two strains of Bacillus subtilis were exposed to components of the ultraviolet spectrum in space. Both strains possess multiple genetic markers, and one of the strains is defective in the ability to repair ultraviolet damage. The T-7 bacteriophage of Escherichia coli was also exposed to selected wavelengths and energy levels of ultraviolet light in space. Preliminary findings do not reveal anomalies in survival rates. Data are not yet available on detailed genetic analyses.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 65-85
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  • 53
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    Background and general design of the microbial response to space environment experiment (M191) system (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Nine different species of organisms were exposed to space flight conditions during the Apollo 16 mission. Each test system was selected because it provided a quantitative method of evaluating some medically important phenomenon. The experiment design and each of the test systems are discussed.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 3-19
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  • 54
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    Infectivity and egg production of Nematospiroides dubius as affected by space flight and ultraviolet irradiation (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Nematospiroides dubius was tested to determine the infective potential of the third stage larvae and the egg-production and egg-viability rates of the resulting adults after they are exposed to space flight and solar ultraviolet irradiation. The results are indicative that space-flown larvae exposed to solar ultraviolet irradiation were rendered noninfective in C57 mice, whereas flight control larvae that received no solar ultraviolet irradiation matured at the same rate as the ground control larvae. However, depressed egg viability was evident in the flight control larvae.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 51-64
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  • 55
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    Helicopter crew/passenger vibration sensitivity - (1972)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Helicopter crew and passenger vibration sensitivity are presented. Pilot subjective ratings are established for discrete frequencies and the impact of combinations of harmonic frequencies is examined. A passenger long term comfort level and a short term limit are defined for discrete frequencies and compared with pilot ratings. The results show reasonable agreement between pilot and passenger. Subjective comfort levels obtained for mixed frequency environments clearly demonstrate the need for a multi-frequency criterion.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Symp. on Vehicle Ride Quality; p 143-153
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  • 56
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    The high energy multicharged particle exposure of the microbial ecology evaluation device on board the Apollo 16 spacecraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The high energy multicharged cosmic-ray-particle exposure of the Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device package on board the Apollo 16 spacecraft was monitored using cellulose nitrate, Lexan polycarbonate, nuclear emulsion, and silver chloride crystal nuclear-track detectors. The results of the analysis of these detectors include the measured particle fluences, the linear energy transfer spectra, and the integral atomic number spectrum of stopping particle density. The linear energy transfer spectrum is used to compute the fractional cell loss in human kidney (T1) cells caused by heavy particles. Because the Microbial Ecology Evaluation Device was better shielded, the high-energy multicharged particle exposure was less than that measured on the crew passive dosimeters.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 179-189
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  • 57
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    Thermoluminescent dosimetry for the Apollo 16 microbial response to space environment experiment (M191) (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Lithium fluoride thermoluminescent chips were used to provide an integrated dose from the broad spectrum of ionizing radiation to the Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191). The chips were positioned in the flight hardware to provide data on ionizing radiation within specific volume segments. A uniform radiation dose of 4.8 x 0.001 plus or minus 2 x 0.0001 joule/kg resulted.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 191-197
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  • 58
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    Effect of solar irradiation on extracellular enzymes of Aeromonas proteolytica (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: The bacterium Aeromonas proteolytica was selected for studying the effects of solar irradiation on extracellular enzymes because it produces an endopeptidase that is capable of degrading proteins and a hemolysin that is active in lysing human erythrocytes. Possible alterations in the rate of enzyme production in response to the test conditions are currently underway and are not available for this preliminary report. Completed viability studies are indicative that little difference exists among the survival curves derived for cells exposed to various components of ultraviolet irradiation in space.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 137-151
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  • 59
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    Postflight analyses of Bacillus thuringiensis organisms exposed to space flight conditions (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Cultures of B. thuringiensis returned from space flight appeared to be normal to slightly affected adversely in their ability to produce three toxins that affect insects. In addition, it can be stated that B. thuringiensis spores are very resistant to ultraviolet irradiation at the individual wavelengths and energy levels previously described. Full sunlight, however, does have a detrimental effect on the viability of B. thuringiensis spores.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 105-120
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  • 60
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    Mycological studies housed in the Apollo 16 microbial ecology evaluation device (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Survival, death, and phenotype count have yielded variation in the number of fungi recovered from the controls and the flight exposed cuvettes during preliminary analysis of postflight first phase data. Also the preliminary analysis was indicative that fungi exposed to specific space flight conditions demonstrated variable survival rates and phenotype counts. Specific space flight conditions included full light space exposure for Chaetomium globosum, exposure at 300- and 254-nanometer wavelengths for Rhodotorula rubra, full light and 280-nanometer wavelength exposure for Trichophyton terrestre, and 254-nanometer wavelength exposure for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In general, phenotype counts for flight cuvettes and survival rates for control cuvettes were higher compared with the remaining cuvettes.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 121-135
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  • 61
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    Effects of space vacuum and solar ultraviolet irradiation (254 nanometers) on the colony forming ability of Bacillus subtilis spores (1973)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-26
    Description: Bacillus subtilis spores are highly resistant to harsh environments. Therefore, in the Apollo 16 Microbial Response to Space Environment Experiment (M191), these spores were exposed to space vacuum or solar ultraviolet irradiation, or both, to estimate the change of survival for terrestrial organisms in space. The survival of the spores was determined in terms of colony-forming ability. Comparison of the flight results with results of simulation experiments on earth applying high vacuum or ultraviolet irradiation, or both, revealed no remarkable difference. Simultaneous exposure to both these space factors resulted in a synergistic effect (that is, an ultraviolet supersensitivity). Therefore, the change of survival in space is assumed to depend on the degree of protection against solar ultraviolet irradiation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Microbial Response to Space Environ. Symp.; p 87-103
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  • 62
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    The brain as a model for LSI (1970)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-25
    Description: Component connection schemes of brain for trainable feedback flight control system
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI. AND TECHNOL. AT GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER 1970; P 292-294
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  • 63
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    A physical view of metabolic systems - The biochemical transition from organ systems to the higher central nervous systems (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Biochemical molecular model for metabolic energy transition from mammalian organs to central nervous system
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 198-229
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  • 64
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    The cardiovascular system (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Biological models for mammalian cardiovascular systems
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 130-197
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  • 65
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    An introduction to structures at the lower levels of organization (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Dynamic models for cell membrane functions in molecular biology
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 56-75
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  • 66
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    Organization of cardiological service in sports medicine (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Cardiological medical services for Soviet athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 460-464
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  • 67
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    Disruptions of the cardiac rhythm in athletes (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Cardiac rhythm disruptions in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 385-402
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  • 68
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    Some clinical problems of sports medicine (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Clinical problems of cardiology of athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 351-362
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  • 69
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    X-ray methods of investigation of the cardiac activity of athletes (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: X ray methods for quantitative analysis of cardiac activity in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 239-284
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  • 70
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    The role of the nervous system in the organization and integration of living systems (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Neurophysiological model for interactions between nervous system, cellular mechanisms, and human behavior synthesis
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 230-293
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  • 71
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    Summary of some of the abstract principles for a biosystems science (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Summary of design parameters for models of dynamic biological systems
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 50-55
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  • 72
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    Introduction to a biological systems science - Preliminaries (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Biological systems analysis for developing dynamic physiological models
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 1-23
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  • 73
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    Systolic noises in athletes (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Phonocardiographic analysis of systolic noises in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 439-459
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  • 74
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    Some methods of transmission analysis of cardiological information in sports (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Transmission and analysis of cardiological data on athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 315-349
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  • 75
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    Mechanical manifestations of cardiac activity and the functional state of the vessels (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Methods for measuring mechanical aspects of cardiac activity and vessel functional state
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 150-238
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  • 76
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    Investigation of certain parameters of cardio and hemodynamics (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Technology review on cardio and hemodynamics
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 74-105
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  • 77
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    The cardiac activity of athletes in the quiet state (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Cardiac activity of athletes in quiet state
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 2-34
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  • 78
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    Summary, overview, and discussion (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Biodynamic modelling of biosystems by physical and biological parameters
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 319-327
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  • 79
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    The chemical origins of mammalian behavior (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Biochemistry model for endocrine system effects on mammalian neurophysiology and human behavior
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 294-318
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  • 80
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    Thoughts concerning autonomic nervous system controlling influences (1971)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Physical controls of autonomic nervous system by ganglia impulses
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 113-129
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  • 81
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    Hierarchical regulation in the complex biological organism (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Hierarchical regulation model for human biological systems
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: INTRODUCTION TO A BIOL. SYSTEMS SCI. FEB. 1971; P 37-49
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  • 82
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    Cardiac overstress in athletes (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Physical overstress effect on cardiac muscle in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 403-438
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  • 83
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    Changes in the arterial pressure of athletes (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Arterial pressure characteristics of athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 363-384
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  • 84
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    Functional tests of the cardiovascular system (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Functional tests of cardiovascular system in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 285-314
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  • 85
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    Cardiac activity during conditions of muscular work (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Cardiac activity under stress of physical work
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 35-57
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  • 86
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    Blood circulation and the state of training (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-20
    Description: Blood circulation and state of physical training in athletes
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: HEART AND SPORTS- ESSAYS ON CARDIOLOGY IN SPORTS FEB. 1971; P 58-72
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  • 87
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    Fungi and bacteria (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-02
    Description: Spacecraft equipment is usually protected from fungi and bacteria by incorporating a fungicide-bactericide in the material, by a fungicide-bactericide spray, or by reducing the relative humidity to a degree where growth will not take place. A unique method to protect delicate, expensive bearings in equipment was to maintain a pressure (with dry air or nitrogen) slightly above the outside atmosphere (few millibars) within the working parts of the equipment, thus preventing fungi from entering equipment.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Terrest. Environ. (Climatic) Criteria Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Develop., 1973 Rev.; 2 p
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  • 88
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    Space and man (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The effects of man's entry into space on changes in economics and technology, politics and law, science, philosophy, and art are considered. A single world economy, extracting from the natural resources of the moon and other cosmic bodies raw materials and energy, will avoid terrestrial limitations and improve society by eliminating the inequalities of economic and social status. However, a spacecraft for interplanetary travel require thermonuclear engines that achieve an escape velocity of 0.1 times the speed of light in order to allow an astronaut stellar expedition corresponding to the active life of a single generation.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 128-134
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  • 89
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    Detection of life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The selection of spacecraft experiments and equipment to detect extraterrestrial life outside earth centers on observations of chemical compounds similar to amino acids and proteins, on signs of metabolism in the form of nutrient absorption, and life form impressions in fossiles or signs of civilization.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820; p 42-52
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  • 90
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    Space psychology (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Psychological selection of astronauts considers mental responses and adaptation to the following space flight stress factors: (1) confinement in a small space; (2) changes in three dimensional orientation; (3) effects of altered gravity and weightlessness; (4) decrease in afferent nerve pulses; (5) a sensation of novelty and danger; and (6) a sense of separation from earth.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 29-41
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  • 91
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    Life in space (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Biotechnological aspects of manned space flight are reviewed and the basic biological problems of training and sustaining man in interplanetary flights are elaborated.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Inhabited Space, Pt. 2 (NASA-TT-F-820); p 17-28
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  • 92
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    Brain blood-flow changes during motion sickness (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The possibility of diminished blood flow in the brain is studied as one of the factors resulting from an increase in skeletal muscle blood volume concomitant with other characteristics of motion sickness. Thermistors are implanted in the thalamus of dogs and blood flow changes are recorded while they are subjected to sinusoidal movement on a two pole swing. Results of these initial steps in a proposed long term exploration of different areas of the brain are presented.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 105-107
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  • 93
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    Environmental noise experiment (DTO 71-22) (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Only general conclusions can be reached of the effect of Skylab simulation chamber noise on the crewmen. Two crewmen experienced a small hearing decrement in-chamber, but there was no pattern as to the ear and frequency affected. Temporary hearing threshold shifts were observed in all three crewmen postchamber. These postchamber threshold shifts were perhaps the most significant finding of the study. However, no lasting detrimental effects on the crew's hearing were found.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 8 p
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  • 94
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    Sleep-monitoring, experiment M133 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Skylab sleep-monitoring experiment simulated the timelines and environment expected during a 56-day Skylab mission. Two crewmembers utilized the data acquisition and analysis hardware, and their sleep characteristics were studied in an online fashion during a number of all night recording sessions. Comparison of the results of online automatic analysis with those of postmission visual data analysis was favorable, confirming the feasibility of obtaining reliable objective information concerning sleep characteristics during the Skylab missions. One crewmember exhibited definite changes in certain sleep characteristics (e.g., increased sleep latency, increased time Awake during first third of night, and decreased total sleep time) during the mission.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 21 p
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  • 95
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    Metabolic activity, experiment M171 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: The Skylab metabolic activity experiment determines if man's metabolic effectiveness in doing mechanical work is progressively altered by a simulated Skylab environment, including environmental factors such as slightly increased pCO2. This test identified several hardware/procedural anomalies. The most important of these were: (1) the metabolic analyzer measured carbon dioxide production and expired water too high; (2) the ergometer load module failed under continuous high workload conditions; (3) a higher than desirable number of erroneous blood pressure measurements were recorded; (4) vital capacity measurements were unreliable; and (5) anticipated crew personal exercise needs to be more structured.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 15 p
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  • 96
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    Mineral balance, experiment M071 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Concern for the long term metabolic consequences of weightless flight was the basis for the conception of the Skylab medical experiment to measure mineral balance. Proper interpretation of obtained data that diminished atmospheric pressure has no appreciable effect, or at least no protective effect, on calcium metabolism. The absence of changes in calcium metabolism indicates that a stable baseline observation has been made for Skylab as far as the effects of atmosphere or calcium metabolism are concerned.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 12 p
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  • 97
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    Lower body negative pressure, experiment M092 (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Evaluation of orthostatic intolerance has been achieved by the use of lower body negative pressure (LBNP). The LBNP technique, though independent of gravity, simulates its effect by exposing the legs and the lower abdomen to reduced ambient pressures. This LBNP experiment, conducted during the 56-day simulation of the Skylab environment, was designed to supply baseline information on cardiovascular responses to periodic orthostatic stress. Impaired orthostatic tolerance, manifested by the increased heart rate, diminished systolic and pulse pressure, and increased tendency to syncope in the upright position, or during LBNP, was not observed in this experiment.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 6 p
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  • 98
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    Vestibular mechanisms underlying certain problems in a rotating spacecraft (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Vestibular side effects are discussed with the aid of a conceptual framework based on an analysis of vestibular input-output relations. These side effects tend to fall into two main categories: (1) Reflex phenomena, and (2) motion sickness, a delayed epiphenomenon. Although the symptomatology of motion sickness is similar wherever experienced, both the eliciting stimuli and the opportunity to adapt may differ in different motion environments. These differences not only are exemplified when motion sickness is compared in a weightless and in a rotating environment, but they also point to important differences in the problem of preventing (or treating) motion sickness in these two very different environments.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA, Washington Fifth Symp. on the Role of the Vestibular Organs in Space Exploration; p 35-39
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  • 99
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    Red blood cell metabolism (M114), part D (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: Statistically significant differences were found between Skylab simulation crews and controls for glycolytic enzymes. The absence of simultaneous controls for the pre- and postchamber analyses leaves the significance of the findings in the crew during these periods indeterminate.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 2 p
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  • 100
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    Special hematologic effects (M115), part E (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-11
    Description: All routine hematological measurements for the Skylab simulation test were within normal astronaut population limits for the CDR, SPT, and PLT, with one exception: A significant lymphopenia was observed in the PLT during the post test period, possibly the reflection of increased adrenal corticoid secretion. No ultrastructural red cell membrane abnormalities were observed in any of the subjects, nor were any red corpuscle morphological abnormalities noted. Slight elevations in the PLT's red corpuscular potassium were observed in the younger corpuscles after chamber entrance and again upon egress. This probably represents newly released young red cells from hematopoietic tissue. Flame photometric analyses confirm the fact that potassium is indeed higher in the younger cells of all subjects examined.
    Keywords: BIOSCIENCES
    Type: Skylab Med. Expt. Altitude Test (SMEAT); 12 p
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