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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic conditions for the electromagnetic form factors of hadrons represented by the VMD model (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 115-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A system of linear homogeneous algebraic equations for the coupling constant ratios of vector mesons to hadrons is derived by imposing the assumed asymptotic behavior upon the VMD pole parameterization of an hadron electromagnetic form factor. A similar system of equations with a simpler structure of the coefficients, taken as even powers of the vector-meson masses, is derived by means of integral superconvergent sum rules for the imaginary part of the considered form factor using its appropriate $\delta$ -function approximation. Although both systems have been derived starting from different properties of the electromagnetic form factor and they each have their own appearances, it is shown explicitly that they are fully equivalent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01143-3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A flexible parameterization of the CKM matrix via the singular-value-decomposition method (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 55-61 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We investigate a flexible method by which we can test the unitarity of the quark flavor-mixing matrix step by step. Singular-value-decomposition (SVD) techniques are used in analyzing the mixing matrix over a broader parameter region than the unitarity region. Unitary constraints let us extract CP-violating properties without any specific parameterization when the magnitudes of at least three mixing-matrix elements in three-generation quark mixing are given. This method can al so be applied to the analysis of lepton flavor mixing, in which only a few moduli are presently measured.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01151-3
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards high-precision predictions for the MSSM Higgs sector (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 133-143 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The status of the evaluation of the MSSM Higgs sector is reviewed. The phenomenological impact of recently obtained corrections is discussed. In particular it is shown that the upper bound on mh within the MSSM is shifted upwards. Consequently, lower limits on $\tan\beta$ obtained by confronting the upper bound as function of $\tan\beta$ with the lower bound on mh from Higgs searches are significantly weakened. Furthermore, th e region in the MA- $\tan\beta$ -plane where the coupling of the lightest Higgs boson to down-type fermions is suppressed is modified. The presently not calculated higher-order corrections to the Higgs-boson mass matrix are estimated to shift the mass of the lightest Higgs boson by up to 3 GeV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01152-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
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    The QCD pomeron in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions: I. The double $J/\Psi$ production (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 71-77 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The contribution of the QCD pomeron to the process $AA \rightarrow AA J/\Psi J/\Psi $ is discussed. We focus on the photon-photon collision, with the quasi-real photon coming from the Weizsäcker-Williams spectrum of the nuclei. We calculate the cross section for this process considering the solution of the LLA BFKL equation at zero momentum transfer using a small t approximation for the differential cross section of the subprocess. Furthermore, the impa ct of non-leading corrections to the BFKL equation is also analyzed. In both cases the cross section is found to increase with the energy, predicting considerable values for the LHC energies. Moreover, we compare our results with the Born two-gluon approximation, which is energy independent at the photon level. Our results indicate that the experimental analyses of this process can be useful to discriminate the QCD dynamics at high energies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01149-9
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abelian decomposition method for G2 gauge theory (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 147-150 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The method of Abelian decomposition proposed by Faddeev and Niemi is used to derive the low-energy effective lagrangian of G2 gauge theory. The G2 algebra is studied. The commutation relations among the generators of the G2 algebra are established, based on the framework of its regular maximal subalgebra, an SU(3) algebra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01155-y
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    Search for resonant $\tilde\nu$ production at $\sqrt{s} = $ 183 to 208 GeV (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 15-26 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Searches for resonant $\tilde\nu$ production in e + e - collisions under the assumption that R-parity is not conserved and that the dominant R-parity violating coupling is $\lambda_{121}$ or $\lambda_{131}$ used data recorded by DELPHI in 1997 to 2000 at centre-of-mass energies of 183 to 208 GeV. No deviation from the Standard Model was observed. Upper limits are given for the $\lambda_{121}$ and $\lambda_{131}$ couplings as a function of the sneutrino mass and total width. The limits are especially stringent for sneutrino masses equal to the centre-of-mass energies with the highest integrated luminosities recorded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01158-8
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact-picture phenomenology for $\pi^{\pm}p, K^{\pm}p$ and $pp, \bar p p $ elastic scattering at high energies (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 97-105 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present an extension to $\pi^{\pm} p$ and $K^{\pm} p$ elastic scattering at high energies of the impact-picture phenomenology we first proposed more than twenty years ago, for p p and $\bar p p$ elastic scattering. We show, in particular, that the analytic form of the opacity function for the proton obtained previously is compatible with the experimental results on $\pi p$ and K p elastic s cattering at high energies. It is proposed that $\pi^{\pm}$ and $K^{\pm}$ external beams be provided from CERN-LHC, so that their elastic scattering from protons can be studied at higher energies. Our phenomenology for p p and $\bar p p$ elastic scattering is updated by including new data and we give predictions for future experiments at BNL-RHIC and CERN-LHC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01159-7
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Massive or massless scalar field and confinement (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 151-154 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The generalization of QCD motivated classical SU(2) Yang-Mills theory coupled to a scalar field is discussed. The massive scalar field, corresponding to the scalar glueball, provides a confining potential for static, point-like, external sources. In the case of a massless scalar field screening solutions are found. However, there is a confining sector as well. Both, massive and massless confining solutions, are compared with phenomenological potentials. The case of a non-dynam ical permittivity is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01161-1
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    An alternative model of jet suppression at RHIC energies (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 119-122 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We propose a simple Glauber-type mechanism for the suppression of jet production up to transverse momenta of about 10 $\mathrm {GeV}/c$ at RHIC. For processes in this kinematic region, the formation time is smaller than the interval between two successive hard partonic collisions and the subsequent collision influences the jet production. The number of jets then roughly scales with the number of participants. Proportionality to the number of binary collisions is reco vered for very high transverse momenta. The model predicts suppression of jet production in $d + {\mathrm {Au}}$ collisions at RHIC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01160-2
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    Final-state rescattering and SU(3) symmetry breaking in $B\rightarrow DK$ and $B\rightarrow DK^*$ decays (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 63-69 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The first observation of the $\bar{B}^0_d\rightarrow D^0\bar{K}^0$ and $\bar{B}^0_d\rightarrow D^0\bar{K}^{*0}$ transitions by the Belle Collaboration allows us to do a complete isospin analysis of the $B\rightarrow DK^{(*)}$ decay modes. We find that their respective isospin phase shifts are very likely to lie in the ranges $37^\circ \leq (\phi_1 -\phi_0)_{DK} \leq 63^\circ$ (or around $50^\circ$ ) and $25^\circ \leq (\phi_1 -\phi_0)_{DK^*} \leq 50^\circ$ (or around $35^\circ$ ), although the possibility $(\phi_1 -\phi_0)_{DK} = (\phi_1 -\phi_0)_{DK^*} = 0^\circ$ cannot be ruled out at present. Thus significant final-state rescattering effects possibly exist in such exclusive $\vert\Delta B\vert = \vert\Delta C\vert = \vert\Delta S\vert =1$ processes. We determine the spectator and color-suppressed spectator quark-diagram amplitudes of the $B\rightarrow DK$ and $B\rightarrow DK^*$ decays, and compare them with the corresponding quark-diagram amplitudes of the $B\rightarrow D\pi$ and $B\rightarrow D\rho$ decays. The effects of SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking are in most cases understandable in the factorization approximation, which works for the individual isospin amplitudes. Very instructive predictions are also obtained for the branching fractions of rare $\bar{B}^0_d \rightarrow \bar{D}^0 \bar{K}^{(*)0}$ , $B^-_u \rightarrow \bar{D}^0 K^{(*)-}$ and $B^-_u \rightarrow D^- \bar{K}^{(*)0}$ transitions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01162-0
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On vector Goldstone boson (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 145-146 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The possibility that higher dimensional field theories are broken spontaneously, through the usual Nambu-Goldstone mechanism, to 4-dimension is explored. As a consequence, vector Goldstone bosons can arise in this breaking of Lorentzian symmetry from higher dimension to 4-dimension. This can provide a simple mechanism for reduction to 4-dimension in theories with extra dimensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01177-5
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    Measurement of the cross-section for the process $\gamma\gamma\to p\bar{p}$ at $\sqrt{s_{ee}} = 183-189 $ GeV at LEP (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 45-54 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The exclusive production of proton-antiproton pairs in the collisions of two quasi-real photons has been studied using data taken at $\sqrt{s_{ee}} = 183 $ GeV and 189 GeV with the OPAL detector at LEP. Results are presented for $p\bar{p}$ invariant masses, W, in the range 2.15〈W〈3.95 GeV. The cross-section measurements are compared with previous data and with recent analytic calculations based on t he quark-diquark model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01171-y
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
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    Single- and multi-photon production in ee collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ up to 209 GeV (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Events containing only energetic photons are analysed in a sample of $628 \mathrm{pb}^{-1}$ of data recorded from $\rm e^+e^-$ collisions at centre-of-mass energies between 189 and 209 GeV by the ALEPH detector at LEP. The $e^+ e^-\to \nu\bar{\nu}\gamma(\gamma)$ and $e^+ e^-\to \gamma\gamma(\gamma)$ cross sections are measured and found to be in agreement with the standard model predictions. The number of light neutrino generations is determined to be $N_\nu = 2.86 \pm 0.09$ . Upper limits are derived on the cross sections for photon production in the context of several supersymmetric models. Limits are also set on the parameters of models with extra spatial dimensions, with contact interactions and with excited electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2002-01129-7
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  • 14
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    Higgs physics with a $\gamma \gamma$ collider based on CLIC 1 (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 27-44 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present the machine parameters and physics capabilities of the CLIC Higgs Experiment (CLICHE), a low-energy $\gamma \gamma$ collider based on CLIC 1, the demonstration project for the higher-energy two-beam accelerator CLIC. CLICHE is conceived as a factory capable of producing around 20,000 light Higgs bosons per year. We discuss the requirements for the CLIC 1 beams and a laser backscattering system capable of producing a $\gamma \gamma$ total (peak) luminosity of $2.0 (0.36) \times 10^{34}$ cm-2s-1 with $E_{CM}(\gamma \gamma) \sim 115$ GeV. We show how CLICHE could be used to measure accurately the mass, $\bar b b$ , WW and $\gamma \gamma$ decays of a light Higgs boson. We illustrate how these measurements may distinguish between the Standard Model Higgs boson and those in supersymmetric and more general two-Higgs-doublet models, complement ing the measurements to be made with other accelerators. We also comment on other prospects in $\gamma \gamma$ and $e^- \gamma$ physics with CLICHE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2002-01113-3
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  • 15
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    The charge and matter radial distributions of heavy-light mesons calculated on a lattice with dynamical fermions (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 79-95 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A knowledge of the radial distributions of quarks inside hadrons could lead to a better understanding of the QCD description of these hadrons and possibly suggest forms for phenomenological models. As a step in this direction, in an earlier work, the charge (vector) and matter (scalar) radial distributions of heavy-light mesons were measured in the quenched approximation on a $16^3\times 24$ lattice with a lattice spacing of $a\approx 0.17$ fm, and a hopping parameter corresponding to a light quark mass about that of the strange quark. Here several improvements are now made: 1) The configurations are generated using dynamical fermions with $a\approx 0.14$ fm; 2) Many more gauge configurations are included; 3) The distributions at many off-axis, in addition to on-axis, points are measured; 4) The data analysis is much more complete. In particular, distributions involving excited states are extracted. The exponential decay of the cha rge and matter distributions can be described by mesons of mass 0.9 $\pm 0.1$ and 1.5 $\pm 0.1$ GeV respectively - values that are consistent with those of vector and scalar $q\bar{q}$ -states calculated directly with the same lattice parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01132-6
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Maximal atmospheric neutrino mixing in an SU(5) model (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 123-131 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We show that maximal atmospheric and large solar neutrino mixing can be implemented in SU(5) gauge theories, by making use of the U(1) F symmetry associated with a suitably defined family number F, together with a Z2 symmetry which does not commute with F. U(1) F is softly broken by the mass terms of the right-handed neutrino singlets, which are responsible for the seesaw mechanism; in additio n, U(1) F is also spontaneously broken at the electroweak scale. In our scenario, lepton mixing stems exclusively from the right-handed-neutrino Majorana mass matrix, whereas the CKM matrix originates solely in the up-type-quark sector. We show that, despite the non-supersymmetric character of our model, unification of the gauge couplings can be achieved at a scale 1016 GeV 〈 m U 〈 1019 GeV; indeed, we have found a particula r solution to this problem which yields results almost identical to the ones of the minimal supersymmetric standard model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01135-3
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  • 17
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    Anisotropic scintillators for WIMP direct detection: revisited (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 203-209 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The possibility to effectively exploit the directionality of the measured counting rate as a signature for WIMPs by using anisotropic scintillators is revisited and discussed in some details.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01190-8
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  • 18
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    On the mass, width and coupling constants of the f 0 (980) (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 107-114 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Using the pole approach we determine the mass and width of the f 0 (980); in particular, we analyze the possibility that two nearby poles are associated to it. We restrict our analysis to a neighborhood of the resonance, using $\pi\pi$ data for the phase shift and inelasticity, and the invariant mass spectrum of the $J/\psi\rightarrow\phi\pi\pi, \phi K\bar K$ decays. The formalism we use is based on unitarity and a generalized ver sion of the Breit-Wigner parameterization. We find that a single pole describes the f 0 (980), the precise position depending upon the $\pi\pi$ data used. As a byproduct, values for the $g_{f_0\pi\pi}$ and $g_{f_0K\bar K}$ coupling constants are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01140-6
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  • 19
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    Analytical calculations of four-neutrino oscillations in matter (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 211-221 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We analytically derive the transition probabilities for four-neutrino oscillations in matter. The time-evolution operator giving the neutrino oscillations is expressed by a finite sum of terms up to the third power of the Hamiltonian in a matrix form, using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem. The result of the computation for the probabilities in some mass patterns tells us that it is actually difficult to observe the resonance between one of the three active neutrinos and the fourth (sterile) neutrino near the earth, even if the fourth neutrino exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01138-0
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  • 20
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    Triple and quartic interactions of Higgs bosons in the two-Higgs-doublet model with CP-violation (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 223-236 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider the two-Higgs-doublet model with explicit CP-violation, where the effective Higgs potential is not CP-invariant at the tree level. The three neutral Higgs bosons of the model are the mixtures of CP-even and CP-odd bosons which exist in the CP-conserving limit of the theory. The mass spectrum and tree-level couplings of the neutral Higgs bosons to gauge bosons and fermions are significantly dependent on the parameters of the Higgs boson mixing matrix. We calculate the Higgs-gauge boson, Higgs-fermion, triple and quartic Higgs self-interactions in the MSSM with explicit CP-violation in the Higgs sector and CP-violating Yukawa interactions of the third generation scalar quarks. In some regions of the MSSM parameter space substantial changes of the self-interaction vertices take place, leading to significant suppression or enhancement of the multiple Higgs boson production cross sections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01141-5
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  • 21
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    Measuring the FSR-inclusive $\pi^+\pi^-$ cross section (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 261-278 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Final state radiation (FSR) in pion pair production cannot be calculated reliably because of the composite structure of the pions. However, FSR corrections have to be taken into account for a precise evaluation of the hadronic contribution to g-2 of the muon. The role of FSR in both energy scan and radiative return experiments is discussed. It is shown how FSR influences the pion form factor extraction from experimental data and, as a consequence, the evaluation of $a_{\mu}^{had}$ . In fact the $O(\alpha)$ FSR corrections should be included to reach the precision we are aiming at. We argue that for an extraction of the desired FSR-inclusive cross section $\sigma^{(\gamma)}_{had}$ a photon-inclusive scan measurement of the ” $e^+e^- \to \pi^+\pi^- + {photons}$ ” cross section is needed. For exclusive scan and radiative return measurements in contrast we have to rely on ad hoc FSR models if we want to obtain either $\sigma^{(\gamma)}_{had}$ or the FSR-exclusive cross section $\sigma^{(0)}_{had}$ . We thus advocate to consider seriously precise photon-inclusive energy scan measurements at present and future low energy e + e - -facilities. Then together with radiative return measurements from DA $\Phi$ NE and BABAR and forthcoming scan measurements at VEPP-2000 we have a good chance to substantially improve the evaluation of $a_{\mu}^{had}$ in the future.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01146-0
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  • 22
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    Non-leptonic B decays into a charmed tensor meson (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 237-241 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In the framework of factorization and the heavy quark effective theory, $B\to D_2^*\pi$ modes are analyzed. We adopt the result from the QCD sum rule calculation for the hadronic matrix elements at leading order of $\Lambda_{\mathrm{QCD}}/m_Q$ and $\alpha_{\mathrm{s}}$ . The QCD sum rule results are well compatible with the current data, with the prediction for the branching ratios $\mathcal{B}({\bar B}^0\to D_2^{*+}\pi^-) = 8.94\times 10^{-4}$ and $\mathcal{B}(B^-\to D_2^{*0}\pi^-) = 9.53\times 10^{-4}$ for $N_C^{\mathrm{eff}} = 2$ . We give constraints on the interception $\tau(1)$ and the slope parameter $\rho^2$ of the leading Isgur-Wise function from the experimental bounds. It is argued that the observation of non-zero $\mathcal{B}({\bar B}^0\to D_2^{*0}\pi^0)$ directly measures the non-factorizable effects.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01156-x
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  • 23
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    Relativistic resonances as non-orthogonal states in Hilbert space (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 279-295 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We analyze the energy-momentum properties of relativistic short-lived particles with the result that they are characterized by two 4-vectors: in addition to the familiar energy-momentum vector (timelike) there is an energy-momentum `spread vector' (spacelike). The wave functions in space and time for unstable particles are constructed. For the relativistic properties of unstable states we refer to Wigner's method of Poincaré group representations that are induced by representations of the space-time translation and rotation groups. If stable particles, unstable particles and resonances are treated as elementary objects that are not fundamentally different one has to take into account that they will not generally be orthogonal to each other in their state space. The scalar product between a stable and an unstable state with otherwise identical properties is calculated in a particular Lorentz frame. The spin of an unstable particle is not infinitely sharp but has a `spin spread' giving rise to `spin neighbors'. This opens the possibility of a non-zero scalar product between states with unequal spin. - A first practical application of non-orthogonal states is seen in diffraction dissociation reactions whose large cross-sections are attributed to interference of states that are `partially identical'.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01147-y
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  • 24
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    Measurement of high-Q e-p neutral current cross sections at HERA and the extraction of xF3 (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 175-201 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Cross sections for e-p neutral current deep inelastic scattering have been measured at a centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 15.9 pb-1 collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Results on the double-differential cross-section $d^2\sigma / dx dQ^2$ in the range 185 〈 Q 2 〈 50 000 GeV2 and 0.0037 〈 x 〈 0.75, as well as the single-differential cross-sections $d\sigma / dQ^2$ , $d\sigma / dx$ and $d\sigma / dy$ for Q 2 〉 200 GeV2, are presented. To study the effect of Z-boson exchange, $d\sigma / dx$ has also been measured for Q 2 〉 10 000 GeV2. The structure function xF3 has been extracted by combining the e-p results presented here with the recent ZEUS measurements of e+p neutral current deep inelastic scattering. All results agree well with the predictions of the Standard Model.
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    The analysis of $B_{d}\rightarrow (\eta, \eta^{{'}})\ell^+\ell^-$ decays in the standard model (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 243-248 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study the differential branching ratio, the branching ratio and the CP-violating asymmetry for the exclusive $B_{d}\to (\eta,\eta^{'})\ell^+\ell^-$ decays in the standard model. We deduce the $B_{d}\to (\eta, \eta^{{'}})$ form factors from the form factors of $B \to \pi$ available in the literature, by using the SU(3) F symmetry. We observe that these decay modes, which are within the reach of forthcoming B-factories, are very promising for observing CP-violation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01168-6
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    Hard exclusive baryon-antibaryon production in two-photon collisions (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 249-259 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study baryon pair production in two-photon collisions, $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow B \bar{B}$ , within perturbative quantum chromodynamics, treating baryons as quark-diquark systems. We extend previous work within the same approach by treating constituent-mass effects systematically by means of an expansion in the small parameter (mass/photon energy). Our approach enables us to give a consistent description of the cross sections for all octet baryon channels. Adopting the model parameters from foregoing work, we are able to reproduce the most recent large-momentum-transfer data from LEP for the $p\bar{p}$ , $\Lambda\bar{\Lambda}$ , and $\Sigma^0\bar{\Sigma}^0$ channels in a quite satisfactory way. We also briefly address the crossed process for the proton channel, $\gamma p \rightarrow \gamma p$ .
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    Search for $B^0_s-\overline{B^0_s}$ oscillations and a measurement of $B^0_d-\overline{B^0_d}$ oscillations using events with an inclusively reconstructed vertex (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 155-173 
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    Notes: Abstract. Neutral B meson oscillations in the $B^0_s-\overline{B^0_s}$ and $B^0_d-\overline{B^0_d}$ systems were studied using a sample of about 4.0 million hadronic Z decays recorded by the DELPHI detector between 1992 and 2000. Events with a high transverse momentum lepton were removed and a sample of 770 k events with an inclusively reconstructed vertex was selected. The mass difference between the two physical states in the $B^0_d-\overline{B^0_d}$ system was measured to be: \Delta m_d = (0.531 \pm 0.025 (stat.) \pm 0.007 (syst.)) \rm ps^{-1}. The following limit on the width difference of these states was also obtained: \vert\Delta\Gamma_{B_d}\vert / \Gamma_{B_d} 〈 0.18\ \ at \ \ 95\%\ \ CL. As no evidence for $B^0_s-\overline{B^0_s}$ oscillations was found, a limit on the mass difference of the two physical states was given: \Delta m_s 〉 5.0 \: \rm ps^{-1} \ \ at \ \ 95\%\ \ CL. The corresponding sensitivity of this analysis is equal to 6.6 ps-1.
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    Branching ratios of $B \to D_s K$ decays in perturbative QCD approach (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 305-312 
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    Notes: Abstract. The rare decays $B^0 \to D_s^- K^+$ and $B^+ \to D_s^+ \overline{K}^0$ can occur only via annihilation type diagrams in the standard model. We calculate these decays in the perturbative QCD approach. We found that the calculated branching ratio of $B^0 \to D_s^- K^+$ agreed with the data which had been observed in the KEK and SLAC B factories. The decay $B^+ \to D_s^+ \overline{K}^0$ has a very small branching ratio at $\cal O(10^{-8})$ , due to the suppression from the CKM matrix elements |V ub * V cd |.
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    Perturbation foundation of q-deformed dynamics (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 389-393 
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    Notes: Abstract. In the q-deformed theory the perturbation approach can be expressed in terms of two pairs of undeformed position and momentum operators. There are two configuration spaces. Correspondingly there are two q-perturbation Hamiltonians; one originates from the perturbation expansion of the potential in one configuration space, the other one originates from the perturbation expansion of the kinetic energy in another configuration space. In order to establish a general foundation of the q-perturbation theory, two perturbation equivalence theorems are proved. The first is Equivalence Theorem I: Perturbation expressions of the q-deformed uncertainty relations calculated by two pairs of undeformed operators are the same, and the two q-deformed uncertainty relations undercut Heisenberg's minimal one in the same style. The general Equivalence Theorem II is: for any potential (regular or singular) the expectation values of two q-perturbation Hamiltonians in the eigenstates of the undeformed Hamiltonian are equivalent to all orders of the perturbation expansion. As an example of singular potentials the perturbation energy spectra of the q-deformed Coulomb potential are studied.
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    Effects of leptonic CP violating phases in the left-right supersymmetric model (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 341-351 
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    Notes: Abstract. We analyze the effects of CP violating phases in a fully left-right extension of the minimal supersymmetric model. These phases appear from both the heavy and light neutrino sectors: two CKM-type phases, and four Majorana phases. We study observable effects of these phases in lepton flavor violating decays, such as the T-odd asymmetry in $\mu^+ \rightarrow e^+e^+e^-$ , as well as in the leptonic electric dipole moments. We impose the experimental constraints from the mixing of light neutrinos and analyze cases in which the heavy and light neutrinos are either degenerate, or hierarchical, and highlight the dominant variables in each case. CP violating phases in both the heavy and light neutrino sectors of the left-right supersymmetric model have unique features which, if tested in the charged lepton sector, may distinguish the model from other supersymmetric scenarios.
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    On the effective lagrangian in spinor electrodynamics with added violation of Lorentz and CPT-symmetries (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 405-414 
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    Notes: Abstract. We consider quantum electrodynamics with additional coupling of spinor fields to the space-time independent axial vector violating both Lorentz and CPT-symmetries. The Fock-Schwinger proper-time method is used to calculate the one-loop effective action up to the second order in the axial vector and to all orders in the space-time independent electromagnetic field strength. We find that the Chern-Simons term is not radiatively induced and that the effective action is CPT-invariant in the given approximation.
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    Consistency in NLO analyses of inclusive and semi-inclusive polarized DIS data (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 321-328 
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    Notes: Abstract. We perform a detailed study of the consistency between different sets of polarized deep inelastic scattering data and theory, from the standpoint of a next to leading order QCD global analysis, and following the criteria proposed by Collins and Pumplin. In face of recent suggestions that challenge the usual assumption about parent parton spin independence of unpolarized fragmentation functions, we specially focus on polarized semi-inclusive data.
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    Confinement and mass gap in abelian gauge (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 415-424 
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    Notes: Abstract. First, we present a simple confining abelian pure gauge theory. Classically, its kinetic term is not positive definite, and it contains a simple UV regularized F4 interaction. This provokes the formation of a condensate $\phi \sim F^2$ such that, at the saddle point $\widehat{\phi}$ of the effective potential, the wave function normalization constant of the abelian gauge fields $Z_{eff}(\widehat{\phi})$ vanishes exactly. Then we study SU(2) pure Yang-Mills theory in an abelian gauge and introduce an auxiliary field $\rho$ for a BRST invariant condensate of dimension 2, which renders the charged sector massive. Under simple assumptions its effective low energy theory reduces to the confining abelian model discussed before, and the VEV of $\rho$ is seen to scale correctly with the renormalization point. Under these assumptions, the confinement condition Z eff = 0 also holds for the massive charged sector, which suppresses the couplings of the charged fields to the abelian gauge bosons in the infrared regime.
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    Path integral for relativistic oscillators: model of the Klein-Gordon particle in AdS space (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 395-403 
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    Notes: Abstract. Explicit path integration is carried out for the Green's functions of special relativistic harmonic oscillators in (1+1)- and (3+1)-dimensional Minkowski space-time modeled by a Klein-Gordon particle in the universal covering space-time of the anti-de Sitter static space-time. The energy spectrum together with the normalized wave functions are obtained. In the non-relativistic limit, the bound states of the one- and three-dimensional ordinary oscillators are regained.
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    Angular distribution of particle flows and perturbative QCD predictions (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 313-319 
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    Notes: Abstract. We discuss the predictions of perturbative QCD for angular flows of final state particles in two and three jet events including their cms energy and jet resolution (ycut) dependence. The simple analytical formulae for gluon bremsstrahlung from primary partons, modified for gluon cascading, reproduce the main features of the experimental data well. For ycut-selected events, the particle flow is derived from a superposition of colour dipoles in much the same way that photon radiation is derived from electric dipoles.
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    A measurement of the photonuclear interactions of 180 GeV muons in iron (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 297-304 
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    Notes: Abstract. The energy spectrum and the cross section of photonuclear interactions of 180 GeV muons in iron were measured at the CERN SPS using prototype modules of the ATLAS hadron calorimeter. The differential cross section $(N_{A}/A)v{d}\sigma/{d}v$ for a muon fractional energy loss $v = \Delta E_{\mu} / E_{\mu}$ was measured in the range 0.1〈v〈1. The integrated cross section $(N_{A}/A) \int_{0.1}^{1} v{d}\s igma/{d}v$ is $(0.26 \pm 0.03_{stat} \pm 0.03_{syst})\cdot 10^{-6}$ cm2g-1 in agreement with the theoretical prediction of $0.267 \cdot 10^{-6}$ cm2g-1. The best adjustment of the data to the theory is achieved for the value of $\sigma_{\gamma N} = (115 \pm 18_stat \pm 15_{syst})\mu {b}$ of the photon-nucleon cross section for photons with energies in the range from 18 to 180 GeV.
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    Deconstructing scalar QED at zero and finite temperature (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 425-430 
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    Notes: Abstract. We calculate the effective potential for the WLPNGB in a world with a circular latticized extra dimension. The mass of the Wilson line pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (WLPNGB) is calculated from the one-loop quantum effect of scalar fields at zero and finite temperature. We show that a series expansion by the modified Bessel functions is useful to calculate the one-loop effective potentials.
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    Precision and uncertainties in mass scale predictions in SUSY SO(10) with $SU(2)_{L}\times SU(2)_{R}\times U(1)_{B-L}\times SU(3)_C$ intermediate breaking (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 353-363 
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    Notes: Abstract. In a class of SUSY SO(10) with $SU(2)_L\times SU(2)_R\times U(1)_{B-L}\times SU(3)_C (g_{2L}\neq g_{2R})$ intermediate gauge symmetry, we observe that the prediction on the unification mass (M U ) is unaffected by Planck-scale-induced gravitational and intermediate-scale threshold effects, although the intermediate scale (M I ) itself is subject to such corrections. In particular, without invoking the presence of additional lighter scalar degrees of freedom but including plausible and reasonable threshold effects, we find that interesting solutions for neutrino physics corresponding to $M_{I}\simeq 10^{10}$ -1013 GeV and $M_{U}\simeq(5$ - $6)\times10^{17}$ GeV are permitted in the minimal models. The possibilities of low-mass right-handed gauge bosons corresponding to $M_{I}\simeq 1$ -10 TeV consistent with the CERN-LEP data are pointed out in a number of models in which threshold effects are included using effective mass parameters.
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    Scalar leptoquark production at TESLA and CLIC based $e\gamma$ colliders (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 381-388 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study scalar leptoquark production at TESLA and CLIC based $e\gamma$ colliders. Both direct and resolved contributions to the cross section are examined. We find that the masses of scalar leptoquarks can be probed up to about 0.9 TeV at TESLA and 2.6 TeV at CLIC.
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    Probing the Majorana mass scale of right-handed neutrinos in mSUGRA (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 365-374 
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    Notes: Abstract. We discuss the perspectives of testing the right-handed Majorana mass scale MR of the SUSY see-saw model in the mSUGRA framework. Lepton-flavor violating low energy processes are analyzed in recently proposed post-LEP benchmark scenarios, taking into account present uncertainties and future developments in the neutrino sector. Non-observation of $\mu \rightarrow e \gamma$ in the next-generation PSI experiment will provide upper bounds on MR of the order of $10^{12\div 14}$ GeV, while on the other hand, a positive signal for $\tau \rightarrow \mu \gamma$ at SUPERKEKB or the LHC may determine MR for a given mSUGRA scenario with an accuracy of a factor of 2.
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    A relativistic superalgebra in a generalized Schrödinger picture (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 431-435 
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    Notes: Abstract. We consider a relativistic superalgebra in the picture in which the time and spatial derivative cannot be presented in the operators of the particle. The supersymmetry generators as well as the Hamilton operators for the massive relativistic particles with spin 0 and spin 1/2 are expressed in terms of the principal series of the unitary representations of the Lorentz group. We also consider the massless case. New Hamilton operators are constructed for the massless particles with spin 0 and spin 1/2.
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    Experimental tests of non-perturbative pion wave functions (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 329-333 
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    Notes: Abstract. We use the transverse-momentum dependence of the cross section for the diffractive dissociation of high energy pions to two jets to study some non-perturbative light-cone wave functions of the pion. We compare the predictions for this distribution by Gaussian and Coulomb wave functions as well as the wave function derived from a solution of the light-cone Hamiltonian in the singlet model. We conclude that this experimentally measured information provides a powerful tool for these studies.
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    The quarkonia-glueball structure of $\eta$ , $\eta^{'}$ and $\eta(1410)$ revisited (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 335-340 
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    Notes: Abstract. The quarkonia-glueball structure of $\eta$ , $\eta^{'}$ and $\eta(1440)$ is phenomenologically deduced from the updated world average data including two-photon decays of pseudoscalar mesons, radiative decays between pseudoscalar and vector mesons, decays of $J/\psi$ into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson, and radiative decays of $J/\psi$ . Corrections due to SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking, non-ideal $\omega$ - $\phi$ mixing, double OZI and electromagnetic amplitudes of $J/\psi$ decays into a vector and a pseudoscalar meson, and three-gluon-annihilation amplitudes of radiative decays of $J/\psi$ are included in our analysis. Some predictions on the decays involving $\eta(1410)$ are presented, which can be tested at Beijing Electron Positron Collider/Beijing Spectrometer (BEPC/BES) with 50 million $J/\psi$ events.
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    On the heavy Majorana neutrino and light sneutrino contribution to $e^-e^-\to\ell^- \ell^-$ , ( $\ell = \mu,\tau$ ) (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 375-380 
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    Notes: Abstract. The cross section for the reaction $e^-e^-\;\to\; \ell^-\ell^-$ ( $\ell = \mu,\tau$ ) is calculated in models with heavy Majorana neutrinos mediating lepton number violating amplitudes at the loop level. The contributing four-point functions are evaluated exactly (numerically) taking into account the full propagator dependence on external momenta, thereby extending to the energy range of interest for the next linear colliders an earlier approximate low energy calculation. The amplitude shows a non-decoupling behavior relative to the heavy Majorana neutrino masses, but due to the stringent bounds on heavy-light mixing the signal cross section attains observable values only for the less constrained $\tau$ signal. The cross section induced by lepton number violation in the SU(2) L doublet sneutrino sector of supersymmetric extensions of the standard model is constrained by the upper limits on neutrino masses and probably too tiny to be observable.
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    Recursive actions for scalar theories (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 561-571 
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    Notes: Abstract. We introduce a class of self-interacting scalar theories in which the various coupling constants obey a recursive relation. These imply a particularly simple form for the generating function of the Feynman amplitudes with vanishing external momenta, as well as for the effective potential. In addition we discuss an interesting duality inherent in these models. Specializing to the case of zero spacetime dimensions we find intriguing nullification properties for the amplitudes.
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    The fuzzy bag and baryonic properties with center of mass and recoil corrections (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 535-543 
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    Notes: Abstract. The fuzzy bag is a hadronic model which has features both of the bag model (energy-momentum conservation, QCD vacuum energy) and of relativistic potential models (confinement achieved through a potential). It is also a chiral model, with the unique property that the pion field is suppressed in the interior of the bag by means of a scalar potential, and yet chiral symmetry is preserved. This scalar potential allows one to control how far the pion field can penetrate in the interior of the bag. We calculate the masses of the fundamental baryon octet taking into account the center of mass, one-gluon exchange and one-pion exchange corrections. We also calculate the nucleon axial charge, charge radii and magnetic moments including center of mass and recoil corrections. The agreement with experiment is excellent, and the results indicate that the pion field is suppressed only very close to the center of the bag.
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    Proton spin structure function, g1, with the unified evolution equations including NLO DGLAP terms and double logarithms, ln(1/x) (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 475-481 
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    Notes: Abstract. Theoretical predictions show that at low values of the Bjorken parameter x the spin structure function, g1, is influenced by large logarithmic corrections, $\ln^2(1/x)$ , which may be predominant in this region. These corrections are also partially contained in the NLO part of the standard DGLAP evolution. Here we calculate the nucleon structure function, g1, and the gluon distribution, $\Delta g$ , using the unified evolution equations written for the singlet and the non-singlet parton distributions. These equations include (i) the terms which describe the NLO DGLAP evolution and (ii) the ladder and non-ladder terms which contribute to the resummation of $\ln^2(1/x)$ . Subtractions of singularities from the evolution kernels are performed so as to avoid double counting the double logarithmic contributions coming from the NLO DGLAP and the ladder and non-ladder terms. The sensitivity of the results to the factorization scheme applied is tested by introducing the DGLAP terms into the evolution equations at two different factorization schemes.
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    QCD saturation and $\gamma^{*}$ - $\gamma^{*}$ scattering (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 483-493 
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    Notes: Abstract. Two photon collisions at high energy have an important theoretical advantage: the simplicity of the initial state, which gives us a unique opportunity to calculate these processes for large virtualities of both photons in the perturbative QCD approach. In this paper we study QCD saturation in two photon collisions in the framework of the Glauber-Mueller approach. The Glauber-Mueller formula is derived emphasising the impact parameter dependence (bt) of the dipole-dipole amplitude. It is shown that non-perturbative QCD contributions are needed to describe the large b t behaviour, and the way how to deal with them is suggested. Our approach can be viewed as the model for the saturation in which the entire impact parameter dependence is determined by the initial conditions. The unitarity bound for the total cross section, its energy dependence as well as predictions for future experiments are discussed. It is argued that the total cross section increases faster than any power of $ \ln(1/x)$ in a wide range of energy or x, namely $\sigma(\gamma^*$ - $\gamma^*) \propto (1/Q^2) \exp(a \sqrt{\ln(1/x)}) \leq 1/m^2_{\pi}$ , where $\exp(a \sqrt{\ln(1/x)})$ reflects the x dependence of the gluon density $xG \propto \exp(2 a \sqrt{\ln(1/x)})$ and $m_{\pi}$ is the pion mass.
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    Inclusive D production in $\gamma \gamma$ collisions: including the single-resolved contribution with massive quarks (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 495-513 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have calculated the next-to-leading order cross section for the inclusive production of charm quarks as a function of the transverse momentum pT and the rapidity in two approaches using massive or massless charm quarks. For the single-resolved cross section we have derived the massless limit from the massive theory. We find that this limit differs from the genuine massless version with $\overline{{MS}}$ factorization by finite corrections. By adjusting subtraction terms we establish a massive theory with $\overline{{MS}}$ subtraction which approaches the massless theory very fast with increasing transverse momentum. With these results and including the equivalent results for the direct cross section obtained previously as well as double-resolved contributions, we calculate the inclusive $D^{*\pm}$ cross section in $\gamma \gamma$ collisions using realistic evolved non-perturbative fragmentation functions and compare with recent data from the LEP collaborations ALEPH, L3 and OPAL. We find good agreement.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2003-01186-4
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    Strong and electroweak interactions and their unification with non-commutative space-time (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 557-560 
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    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Quantum field theories based on non-commutative space-time (NCQFT) have been extensively studied recently. However no NCQFT model which can uniquely describe the strong and electroweak interactions has been constructed. This prevents one to make a consistent and systematic study of non-commutative space-time. In this work we construct a NCQFT model based on the trinification gauge group $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_{{L}}\times SU(3)_{R}$ . A unique feature of this model, that all matter fields (fermions and Higgs bosons) are assigned to (anti-) fundamental representations of the factor SU(3) groups, allows us to construct a NCQFT model for strong and electroweak interactions and their unification without ambiguities. This model provides an example which allows one to make a consistent and systematic study of non-commutative space-time phenomenology. We also comment on some related issues regarding extensions to E6 and $U(3)_C\times U(3)_{L}\times U(3)_{R}$ models.
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    Coulomb interference in high-energy pp and $\bar p p$ scattering (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 525-533 
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    Notes: Abstract. An analysis of the Coulombic amplitude and its interference with the nuclear amplitude which is driven by the three-component pomeron is presented. It is shown that different approaches towards the evaluation of the Coulomb phase give approximately uniform results at all energies and the differences are negligible at RHIC and LHC energies. We show that the use of the amplitude which was fitted to accommodate the nucleon data only (in the region $0.01 \le \vert t\vert \le 14.5$ (GeV2)), combined with the Coulomb amplitude, reproduces the existing data in the Coulomb interference domain quite accurately without any adjustment of the parameters. As a consequence, we predict the differential cross section in the region of the Coulomb nucleon interference for both RHIC and LHC energies.
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    Uncertainties of predictions from parton distributions I: Experimental errors (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 455-473 
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    Notes: Abstract. We determine the uncertainties on observables arising from the errors on the experimental data that are fitted in the global MRST2001 parton analysis. By diagonalizing the error matrix we produce sets of partons suitable for use within the framework of linear propagation of errors, which is the most convenient method for calculating the uncertainties. Despite the potential limitations of this approach we find that it can be made to work well in practice. This is confirmed by our alternative approach of using the more rigorous Lagrange multiplier method to determine the errors on physical quantities directly. As particular examples we determine the uncertainties on the predictions of the charged-current deep-inelastic structure functions, on the cross-sections for W production and for Higgs boson production via gluon-gluon fusion at the Tevatron and the LHC, on the ratio of W- to W+ production at the LHC and on the moments of the non-singlet quark distributions. We discuss the corresponding uncertainties on the parton distributions in the relevant x,Q2 domains. Finally, we briefly look at uncertainties related to the fit procedure, stressing their importance and using $\sigma_W$ , $\sigma_H$ and extractions of $\alpha_S(M_Z^2)$ as examples. As a by-product of this last point we present a slightly updated set of parton distributions, MRST2002.
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    B to light meson transition form factors calculated in perturbative QCD approach (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 515-523 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We calculate the $B\to P$ , $B\to V$ (P is the light pseudoscalar meson, V the light vector meson) form factors in the large-recoil limit in the perturbative QCD approach, including both the vector (axial vector) and tensor operators. In general there are two leading components $\phi_B$ and $\bar{\phi}_B$ for the B meson wave functions. We consider both contributions of them. Sudakov effects ( $k_{\perp}$ and threshold resummation) are included to regulate the soft end-point singularity. By choosing the hard scale as the maximum virtualities of the internal particles in the hard b quark decay amplitudes, Sudakov factors can effectively suppress the long-distance soft contribution. The hard contribution can be dominant in these approaches.
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    Measurement of the inclusive D $^{*\pm}$ production in $\gamma\gamma$ collisions at LEP (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 437-449 
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    Notes: Abstract. The inclusive production of D $^{*\pm}$ mesons in two-photon collisions is measured with the ALEPH detector at e+e- centre-of-mass energies from 183 GeV to 209 GeV. A total of $360 \pm 27$ D $^{*\pm}$ meson events are observed from an integrated luminosity of 699pb-1. Contributions from direct and single-resolved processes are separated using the ratio of the transverse momentum $p_{t}^{D^{*\pm}}$ of the D $^{*\pm}$ to the visible invariant mass Wvis of the event. Differential cross sections of D $^{*\pm}$ production as functions of $p_{t}^{D^{*\pm}}$ and the pseudorapidity $\vert\eta^{D^{*\pm}}\vert $ are measured in the range 2 GeV $/c 〈 p_{t}^{D^{*\pm}} 〈 12$ GeV/c and $ \vert\eta^{D^{*\pm}}\vert 〈 1.5 $ . They are compared to next-to-leading order (NLO) perturbative QCD calculations. The extrapolation of the integrated visible D $^{*\pm}$ cross section to the total charm cross section, based on the Pythia Monte Carlo program, yields $ \sigma (e^+e^- \rightarrow e^+e^- c\bar{c})_{\left〈\sqrt{s}\right〉 = 197 GeV} = 731 \pm 74_{stat} \pm 47_{syst} \pm 157_{extr}$ pb .
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    Seesaw induced Higgs mechanism (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 451-454 
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    Notes: Abstract. We discuss a two scalar doublets model which induces the Higgs mechanism by means of a seesaw mechanism. This model naturally predicts a light Higgs scalar whose mass is suppressed by the grand unification scale. The model requires an intermediate scale between the electroweak symmetry breaking scale and the grand unification scale at 109 GeV. Below this intermediate energy scale the usual standard model appears as an effective theory. An implementation of this mechanism in models where the Planck scale is in the TeV region is discussed.
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    Deconstruction of gauge symmetry breaking by discrete symmetry and G unification (2003)
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    The European physical journal 28 (2003), S. 545-555 
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    Notes: Abstract. We deconstruct the non-supersymmetric SU(5) breaking by discrete symmetry on the space-time $M^4\times S^1$ and $M^4\times S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2')$ in the Higgs mechanism deconstruction scenario. Also we explain the subtle point of how to exactly match the continuum results with the latticized results on the quotient space S 1 /Z 2 and $S^1/(Z_2\times Z_2')$ . We also propose an effective deconstruction scenario and discuss the gauge symmetry breaking by the discrete symmetry on the theory space in this approach. As an application, we suggest the GN unification where GN is broken down to $SU(3)\times SU(2)\times U(1)^{n-3}$ by the bifundamental link fields and the doublet-triplet splitting can be achieved.
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    Relationships between a microscopic parameter and the stochastic equations for interface's evolution of two growth models (2003)
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    The European physical journal 31 (2003), S. 563-569 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: PACS. 68.35.Ct Interface structure and roughness – 05.40.-a Fluctuation phenomena, random processes, noise, and Brownian motion – 02.50.-r Probability theory, stochastic processes, and statistics – 81.15.Aa Theory and models of film growth
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    Notes: Abstract: The relationship between a microscopic parameter p, that is related to the probability of choosing a mechanism of deposition, and the stochastic equation for the interface's evolution is studied for two different models. It is found that in one model, that is similar to ballistic deposition, the corresponding stochastic equation can be represented by a Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) equation where both λ and ν depend on p in the following way: ν(p) = νp and λ(p) = λp 3/2. Furthermore, in the other studied model, which is similar to random deposition with relaxation, the stochastic equation can be represented by an Edwards-Wilkinson (EW) equation where ν depends on p according to ν(p) = νp 2. It is expected that these results will help to find a framework for the development of stochastic equations starting from microscopic details of growth models.
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    Electro-reflectance spectra of blue bronze (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 233-238 
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    Notes: Abstract. We show that the infrared reflectance of the quasi-one dimensional charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor K0.3MoO3 (blue bronze) varies with position when a voltage greater than the CDW depinning threshold is applied. The spatial dependence and spectra associated with these changes are generally as expected from the electro-transmission [B.M. Emerling, et al., Eur. Phys. J. B 16, 295 (2000)], but there are differences which might be associated with changes in the CDW properties on the surface. We have examined the electro-reflectance spectrum associated with CDW current investigation for light polarized parallel to the conducting chains for signs of expected current-induced intragap states, and conclude that the density of any such states is at least an order of magnitude less than expected.
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    Colored non-Gaussian noise driven systems: Mean first passage time (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 115-118 
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    Notes: Abstract. We have examined the mean first passage time ( $\langle T\rangle$ ) for a particle driven by colored non-Gaussian noise. As we depart from the Gaussian behavior, the $\langle T\rangle$ decreases regularly to a limiting value, i.e., the barrier crossing rate can be accelerated to a limiting value by increasing the non-Gaussianity of the noise. For the non-Gaussian noise driven process $\langle T\rangle$ increases linearly with increasing damping constant or noise correlation time. But this increasing behavior is almost exponential in nature for the Gaussian noise driven process.
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    On the aging dynamics in an immune network model (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 119-129 
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Recently we have used a cellular automata model which describes the dynamics of a multi-connected network to reproduce the refractory behavior and aging effects obtained in immunization experiments performed with mice when subjected to multiple perturbations. In this paper we investigate the similarities between the aging dynamics observed in this multi-connected network and the one observed in glassy systems, by using the usual tools applied to analyze the latter. An interesting feature we show here, is that the model reproduces the biological aspects observed in the experiments during the long transient time it takes to reach the stationary state. Depending on the initial conditions, and without any perturbation, the system may reach one of a family of long-period attractors. The perturbations may drive the system from its natural attractor to other attractors of the same family. We discuss the different roles played by the small random perturbations ("noise") and by the large periodic perturbations ("immunizations").
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    Magnetism of nanocrystalline Finemet alloy: experiment and simulation (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 155-162 
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    Notes: Abstract. Mössbauer spectrometry and magnetic measurements are employed to experimentally investigate the magnetic behavior of nanocrystalline Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9 ribbons obtained by appropriate annealing of the amorphous precursor. A detailed analysis of the correlation between the microstructure of annealed samples and their magnetic properties is provided. Thermomagnetic data allow the Curie temperatures of both amorphous residual matrix and nanocrystalline phase to be estimated. The differences between Curie temperatures of amorphous residual matrix and amorphous precursor are investigated and explained in terms of magnetic polarization of the matrix by exchange fields arising from the nanocrystalline grains. Theoretical systems of spins consisting of a single ferromagnetic nanocrystalline grain immersed in weakly ferromagnetic environment, quite similar to our real samples, are considered and their magnetic behavior is investigated by Monte Carlo simulation of low temperature spin ordering, with emphasize on the matrix-nanocrystalline grain interface which is shown to exhibit peculiar magnetic behavior. The magnetic features of the matrix-nanocrystalline grain interface are studied, as depending on matrix-nanocrystalline grain exchange coupling as well as crystalline fraction of the nanocrystalline systems.
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    Continuous melting of a driven two-dimensional flux lattice with strong pins (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 173-177 
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    Notes: Abstract. The phase diagram of a driven two-dimensional vortex lattice in the presence of dense quasi-point pins is investigated. The transition from the crystal to the liquid is found continuous at intermediate inductions. The correlations in the pseudo random force that allow for an uncomplete unbinding of the dislocations is proposed as a key mechanism to account for the continuous transition.
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    Synthesis of $\mathsf{\gamma}$ -Fe $\mathsf{_2}$ O $\mathsf{_3}$ nanoparticles coated on silica spheres: Structural and magnetic properties (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 163-171 
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    Notes: Abstract. The structural and magnetic properties of $\gamma$ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles dispersed on silica spheres prepared by sol-gel method were investigated. The properties of $\gamma$ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles without silica were compared with those on silica spheres. Both the nanoparticle assemblages were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Mössbauer (20, 80 and 300 K) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) (80, 300 K) measurements. The XRD spectra clearly indicated the formation of pure $\gamma$ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles and the absence of any other form of iron oxide. TEM images showed a uniform distribution of the nanoparticles of size $\sim$ 6 nm on the surfaces of silica spheres (diameter $\sim$ 35-60 nm). The size of the individual nanoparticles (without silica) varied within 5-6 nm. The low temperature (20 K) Mössbauer spectra consisted of a partially split sextet superimposed on a doublet. The partial magnetic splitting of the sextet at 20 K revealed the effect of surface magnetization and surface modifications of the $\gamma$ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles coated on silica spheres. The gradual collapse of the partially split sextet into a doublet with increasing temperature indicated the superparamagnetic relaxation exhibited by the $\gamma$ -Fe2O3 nanoparticles with/without silica. The surface magnetization arising out of mis-aligned spins at the surface as evidenced by Mössbauer spectra was further confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies.
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    Dimer as a challenge to the second law (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 219-223 
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    Notes: Abstract. A simple system consisting of an asymmetric dimer cooperating with two baths is presented as a challenge to the second law of thermodynamics. This requires specific coupling of the dimer to the baths and a specific thermodynamic regime.
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    Point-defect properties in HCP rare earth metals with analytic modified embedded atom potentials (2003)
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    The European physical journal 34 (2003), S. 429-440 
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    Notes: Abstract. The analytic embedded atom method (EAM) type many-body potentials of hcp rare earth metals (Dy, Er, Gd, Ho, Nd, Pr, and Tb) have been constructed. The hcp lattice is shown to be energetically most stable when compared with the fcc and bcc structure, and the hcp lattice with ideal c/a. The mechanical stability of the corresponding hcp lattice with respect to large change of density and c/a ratio is examined. The phonon spectra, stacking fault and surface energy are calculated. The activation energy for vacancy diffusion in these metals has been calculated and the most possible diffusion paths are predicted. Finally, the self-interstitial atom (SIA) formation energy and volume have been evaluated for eight possible sites. This calculation suggests that the crowdion and basal split are the most stable configurations. The SIA formation energy increases linearly with the increase of the melting temperature.
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    The high-pressure phase sequence in nanocrystalline zirconia (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 301-309 
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    Notes: Abstract. X-ray diffraction and Raman data on the pressure induced phase transitions of a nanometric zirconia, ZrO2, are analyzed via a classical phenomenological Landau approach of the bulk. It is concluded that the initial tetragonal structure (D 4h 15), which is a metastable bulk state of zirconia at ambient conditions, evolves continuously towards the ideal cubic fluorite structure (O h 5) via an intermediate tetragonal form (D 4h 14). The proposed phenomenological model describes consistently all experimental peculiarities, including the hybridization and softening of the low-frequency Raman active modes along with lattice-parameter anomalies.
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    Crystallographic and magnetic structure of ZnV $\mathsf{_2}$ O $\mathsf{_4}$ (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 311-316 
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    Notes: Abstract. We report on the crystallographic and magnetic structure of the geometrically frustrated spinel ZnV2O4 as determined by neutron powder diffraction. At T = 51 K, a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition takes place. The low temperature crystallographic structure is characterized by the space group I41/amd and unit cell dimensions ${a/\sqrt{2} \times a/\sqrt{2} \times a}$ with a being the lattice constant of the cubic phase. The corresponding antiferromagnetic structure of the vanadium sublattice can be described by a propagation vector ${{\bf k} = (001)}$ with the magnetic moments being aligned parallel to the c-axis. The ordered magnetic moment is 0.65(5) ${\mu_B}$ per V3+ ion. The experimental results are in accord with recent theoretical models proposing spin-driven Jahn-Teller distortions. The results are also compared with reports on non-ordering ZnV2O4.
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    New insight on spin polarized current injection in high-T $\mathsf{_c}$ cuprate/manganite devices (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 331-337 
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    Notes: Abstract. Recently, numerous experiments have been reported on critical current reductions in thin films cuprates as being due to spin injection from ferromagnetic manganites. However, little theoretical justification for these very strong effects exists, and the necessary spin relaxation length is always larger than predictions. In the present work, we investigate the possibility that these effects are due to a different origin and we report on devices designed such that the temperature of the layer itself can be measured in situ. Our data show that similar reductions of the critical current are quantitatively correlated to heating in the manganite electrode due to dissipation of the polarization current.
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    Precursor diamagnetism above the superconducting transition in YNi $_\mathsf{2}$ B $_\mathsf{2}$ C (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 325-329 
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    Notes: Abstract. High-resolution SQUID magnetization measurements in a single crystal of YNi2B2C around the superconducting transition are reported. The diamagnetic magnetization -M fl at constant field H as a function of temperature and isothermal magnetization curves -M fl vs. H are used to derive insights on precursor phenomena approaching the bulk transition temperature $T_c(H = 0) = 15.25\pm0.02$ K. The precursor diamagnetism is found strongly enhanced with respect to the conventional Ginzburg-Landau value for Gaussian fluctuations and the curves -M fl vs. H exhibit an upturn with the field and hysteretic effects up to T * = 15.4 K. These results are interpreted in terms of a non-zero order parameter in superconducting droplets above the bulk T c . These droplets are likely to be related to inhomogeneities resulting from small amount of boron to carbon substitutions.
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    A magnetic study of the one dimensional Sr $\mathsf{_{3}}$ NiIrO $\mathsf{_{6}}$ compound (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 317-323 
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    Notes: Abstract. The magnetic properties of a polycrystalline Sr3NiIrO6 sample have been investigated by means of susceptibility and magnetization measurements. On the one hand, it is found that this compound, made of magnetic chains on a triangular lattice, behaves very similarly to Ca3CoRhO6 and Ca3CoIrO6. In particular, at low temperature ( T 〈 T 2 ( = 21 K)), a frozen state, characterized by a very slow spin dynamic, is evidenced. On the other hand, for T 2 〈 T 〈 T 1 ( = 70 K), this phase exhibits magnetization values, smaller than the expected ones, with a 1/3 plateau reminiscent of the ferrimagnetic state of Ising spins on a triangular lattice. Nonetheless, the absence of saturation in 35 T and the low magnetization values are consistent with an antiferromagnetic intrachain coupling between Ir4+ (S = 1/2) and Ni2+ (S = 1). Sr3NiIrO6 can be viewed as made of antiferromagnetically coupled ferrimagnetic chains on a triangular lattice. On the basis of these results, a magnetic (H, T) phase diagram is proposed.
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    NQR study of phase transitions in CH $\mathsf{_3}$ HgX (X = Cl, Br, I) (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 339-348 
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    ISSN: 1434-6036
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    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The temperature dependence of halogen nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) in the series CH3HgX (X = Cl, Br, I) is measured with special emphasis on the structural phase transitions at T c = 162 K, 310 K, and $\sim$ 400 K, respectively. In the temperature dependences of NQR frequencies similarities are observed and discussed in relation with the structure and thermal vibrations on both sides of the phase transition. On the basis of known data a mechanism for the three analogous phase transitions is proposed. The chlorine spin-lattice relaxation behaviour in CH3HgCl can be explained by a competition of fast thermal fluctuations of MMX molecules across the high temperature (h.t.) mirror plane and of infrequent transitions to the other equivalent fluctuation mode across the orthogonal h.t. mirror plane. Proton high temperature relaxation is probably dominated by the same slow motion, but at lower temperatures some other mechanism involving magnetic coupling prevails.
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    On $\mathsf{c = 1}$ critical phases in anisotropic spin-1 chains (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 465-473 
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    Notes: Abstract. Quantum spin-1 chains may develop massless phases in presence of Ising-like and single-ion anisotropies. We have studied c = 1 critical phases by means of both analytical techniques, including a mapping of the lattice Hamiltonian onto an O(2) NL $\sigma$ M, and a multi-target DMRG algorithm which allows for accurate calculation of excited states. We find excellent quantitative agreement with the theoretical predictions and conclude that a pure Gaussian model, without any orbifold construction, describes correctly the low-energy physics of these critical phases. This combined analysis indicates that the multicritical point at large single-ion anisotropy does not belong to the same universality class as the Takhtajan-Babujian Hamiltonian as claimed in the past. A link between string-order correlation functions and twisting vertex operators, along the c = 1 line that ends at this point, is also suggested.
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    Superconductivity in the doped “pseudo-ladder” compound CaCu $_\mathsf{2}$ O $_\mathsf{3}$ (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 475-480 
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    Notes: Abstract. An effective anisotropic t-J model for the “pseudo-ladder” compound CaCu2O3 is proposed based on recent experimental studies and band structure calculations. Superconducting pairing mediated by the exchange interaction in the model is investigated as a function of doping away from the antiferromagnetic insulating state. It is shown that strong anisotropy in the electronic spectrum suppresses superconducting temperature in comparison with conventional copper-oxide superconductors with square lattices.
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    Multiscale self-organized criticality and powerful X-ray flares (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 513-515 
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    Notes: Abstract. A combination of spectral and moments analysis of the continuous X-ray flux data is used to show consistency of statistical properties of the powerful solar flares with 2D BTW prototype model of self-organized criticality.
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    Large-amplitude behavior of the Grinfeld instability: a variational approach (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 493-504 
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    Notes: Abstract. In previous work, we have performed amplitude expansions of the continuum equations for the Grinfeld instability and carried them to high orders. Nevertheless, the approach turned out to be restricted to relatively small amplitudes. In this article, we use a variational approach in terms of multi-cycloid curves instead. Besides its higher precision at given order, the method has the advantages of giving a transparent physical meaning to the appearance of cusp singularities and of not being restricted to interfaces representable as single-valued functions. Using a single cycloid as ansatz function, the entire calculation can be performed analytically, which gives a good qualitative overview of the system. Taking into account several but few cycloid modes, we obtain remarkably good quantitative agreement with previous numerical calculations. With a few more modes taken into consideration, we improve on the accuracy of those calculations. Our approach extends them to situations involving gravity effects. Results on the shape of steady-state solutions are presented at both large stresses and amplitudes. In addition, their stability is investigated.
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    Mean-field solution of the parity-conserving kinetic phase transition in one dimension (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 505-511 
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    Notes: Abstract. A two-offspring branching annihilating random walk model, with finite reaction rates, is studied in one-dimension. The model exhibits a transition from an active to an absorbing phase, expected to belong to the DP2 universality class embracing systems that possess two symmetric absorbing states, which in one-dimensional systems, is in many cases equivalent to parity conservation. The phase transition is studied analytically through a mean-field like modification of the so-called parity interval method. The original method of parity intervals allows for an exact analysis of the diffusion-controlled limit of infinite reaction rate, where there is no active phase and hence no phase transition. For finite rates, we obtain a surprisingly good description of the transition which compares favorably with the outcome of Monte Carlo simulations. This provides one of the first analytical attempts to deal with the broadly studied DP2 universality class.
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    Ag deposited onto the (100) surface in silicon studied by Density Functional Theory and Classical Molecular Dynamics (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 517-524 
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    Notes: Abstract. Numerous theoretical studies have been dedicated to Ag deposited on Si(111) and the properties of this system are now well assessed. On the contrary, the interface Ag/Si(100) is more elusive and several problems of this system have not been satisfactorily solved yet. In this work the Density Functional theory with GGA corrections and Molecular Dynamics simulations with classical interatomic potentials have been applied to the evaluation of adsorption of Ag on Si(100). Small clusters representing a fragment of the exposed surface are used in GGA calculations to study the chemistry of Ag/Si bonds in dependence of the shape, bulk-terminated or dimerized, of the Si(100) surface. Isothermal molecular dynamics simulations describe the motions of the diffusing adatoms in a temperature range from T = 10 to 1000 K. The results indicate that the Ag atoms are adsorbed in a cave site among surface atoms, a feature consistent with experimental observations. Furthermore it is shown that, though there are no contradiction between the two methods, the difference between the stationary GGA and the dynamical MD evaluation is noticeable. This result has both practical and conceptual relevance.
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    Elastic properties of a cellular dissipative structure (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 525-530 
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    Notes: Abstract. Transition towards spatio-temporal chaos in one-dimensional interfacial patterns often involves two degrees of freedom: drift and out-of-phase oscillations of cells, respectively associated to parity breaking and vacillating-breathing secondary bifurcations. In this paper, the interaction between these two modes is investigated in the case of a single domain propagating along a circular array of liquid jets. As observed by Michalland and Rabaud for the printer’s instability [1], the velocity V g of a constant width domain is linked to the angular frequency $\omega$ of oscillations and to the spacing between columns $\lambda_0$ by the relationship $V_g = \alpha \lambda_0 \omega$ . We show by a simple geometrical argument that $\alpha$ should be close to $1/ \pi$ instead of the initial value $\alpha = 1/2$ deduced from their analogy with phonons. This fact is in quantitative agreement with our data, with a slight deviation increasing with flow rate.
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    Nonlinear effects and shock formation in the focusing of a spherical acoustic wave (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 531-549 
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    Notes: Abstract. The focusing of acoustic waves is used to study nucleation phenomena in liquids. At large amplitude, nonlinear effects are important so that the magnitude of pressure or density oscillations is difficult to predict. We present a calculation of these oscillations in a spherical geometry. We show that the main source of nonlinearities is the shape of the equation of state of the liquid, enhanced by the spherical geometry. We also show that the formation of shocks cannot be ignored beyond a certain oscillation amplitude. The shock length is estimated by an analytic calculation based on the characteristics method. In our numerical simulations, we have treated the shocks with a WENO scheme. We obtain a very good agreement with experimental measurements which were recently performed in liquid helium. In addition, the comparison between numerical and experimental results allows us to calibrate the vibration of the ceramic used to produce the wave, as a function of the applied voltage.
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    A minimal dissipation type-based classification in irreversible thermodynamics and microeconomics (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 565-570 
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    Notes: Abstract. We formulate the problem of finding classes of kinetic dependencies in irreversible thermodynamic and microeconomic systems for which minimal dissipation processes belong to the same type. We show that this problem is an inverse optimal control problem and solve it. The commonality of this problem in irreversible thermodynamics and microeconomics is emphasized.
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    The factorized form for dielectric relaxation (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 21-26 
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    Notes: Abstract. The factorized form of the dielectric function, introduced by Berreman and Unterwald to describe reststrahlen, is well know by infrared spectroscopists. In the present paper, we show that such form can be generalized to account for relaxational dispersion. After reviewing the fundamentals of this approach, we show that the factorized form proposed for the description of dielectric relaxation is flexible, founded on very general grounds and circumvents three basic limitations of the conventional sum model of Debye relaxors: the coupling between different polar units, the high frequency transparency problem and the non-inclusion of the effect of coupled non-polar degrees of freedom.
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    Predicted spin-orbit coupling effect on the magnetic ordering of crystalline uranium dioxide (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 15-20 
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    Notes: Abstract. The magnetic ordering of fluorite structure uranium dioxide has been investigated using fully-relativistic linear combinations of Gaussian type orbitals - fitting function (LCGTO-FF) calculations, within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) to density functional theory. Three types of collinear spin-orderings were considered; ferromagnetic with spins aligned in the (001) direction and two antiferromagnetic (001) layer structures with spins aligned either perpendicular to each plane (001) or parallel to each plane (100). For each ordering, the total energy and spin-moment were calculated both with and without spin-orbit coupling. The ferromagnetic ordering is found to be energetically preferred to the antiferromagnetic orderings, contrary to experiment, whether or not spin-orbit coupling is included. Spin-orbit coupling is shown to have a significant quenching effect on the spin-moment and also introduces a strong magnetic anisotropy in the antiferromagnetic state that favors the (001) alignment over the (100) alignment.
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    Precessional switching of thin nanomagnets: analytical study (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 57-64 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study analytically the precessional switching of the magnetization of a thin macrospin. We analyze its response when subjected to an external field along its in-plane hard axis. We derive the exact trajectories of the magnetization. The switching versus non switching behavior is delimited by a bifurcation trajectory, for applied fields equal to half of the effective anisotropy field. A magnetization going through this bifurcation trajectory passes exactly along the hard axis and exhibits a vanishing characteristic frequency at that unstable point, which makes the trajectory noise sensitive. Attempting to approach the related minimal cost in applied field makes the magnetization final state unpredictable. We add finite damping in the model as a perturbative, energy dissipation factor. For a large applied field, the system switches several times back and forth. Several trajectories can be gone through before the system has dissipated enough energy to converge to one attracting equilibrium state. For some moderate fields, the system switches only once by a relaxation dominated precessional switching. We show that the associated switching field increases linearly with the damping parameter. The slope scales with the square root of the effective anisotropy. Our simple concluding expressions are useful to assess the potential application of precessional switching in magnetic random access memories.
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    Electrical conduction in nanostructured carbon and carbon-metal films grown by supersonic cluster beam deposition (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 3-13 
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    Notes: Abstract. We have studied the electrical conduction in nanostructured carbon (ns-C) films produced by deposition of a supersonic beam of neutral carbon clusters. The d.c. conduction properties of these films have been measured in situ during the deposition process and ex situ as a function of the temperature in vacuum and in ambient of different gases (H2, N2, CH4, He). The ns-C films exhibit an ohmic behavior with a room temperature resistivity in the range of 107-109 ${\rm\Omega}$ cm depending on the growth and storage conditions. Conductivity vs. temperature measured in vacuum in the range 290-400 K is characterized by activation energies in the range of 0.3-1.7 eV, the current response does not differ significantly in gas atmosphere. Nanocomposite carbon-metal films have been obtained by adding small amounts of metallorganic precursors containing molybdenum and cobalt during the formation of carbon clusters prior to deposition. The films are characterized by porous carbon networks containing small metal and metal carbide clusters. Electrical transport properties of these films have been studied as a function of temperature, gas pressure and relative humidity. In particular, the electrical conductivity of the sample produced with molybdenum showed to be much sensitive to changes in gas pressure and relative humidity, being characterised by fast and reversible responses.
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    Analytical and numerical treatment of the Mott-Hubbard insulator in infinite dimensions (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 155-175 
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    Notes: Abstract. We calculate the density of states in the half-filled Hubbard model on a Bethe lattice with infinite connectivity. Based on our analytical results to second order in t/U, we propose a new ‘Fixed-Energy Exact Diagonalization’ scheme for the numerical study of the Dynamical Mean-Field Theory. Corroborated by results from the Random Dispersion Approximation, we find that the gap opens at $U_{\rm c}=4.43 \pm 0.05$ . Moreover, the density of states near the gap increases algebraically as a function of frequency with an exponent $\alpha=1/2$ in the insulating phase. We critically examine other analytical and numerical approaches and specify their merits and limitations when applied to the Mott-Hubbard insulator.
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    Charge instabilities in strongly correlated bilayer systems (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 177-189 
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    Notes: Abstract. We investigate the charge-instabilities of the Hubbard-Holstein model with two coupled layers. In this system the scattering processes naturally separate into contributions which are either symmetric or antisymmetric combinations with respect to exchange of the layers. It turns out that the short-range strong correlations suppress finite wave-vector nesting instabilities for both symmetries but favor the occurrence of phase separation in the symmetric channel. Inclusion of a sizeable long-range Coulomb (LRC) interaction frustrates the q=0 instabilities and supports the formation of incommensurate charge-density waves (CDW). Upon reducing doping from half-filling and for small electron-phonon coupling g the CDW instability first occurs in the antisymmetric channel but both instability lines merge with increasing g. While LRC forces always suppress the phase separation instability in the symmetric channel, the CDW period in the antisymmetric sector tends to infinity ( $q_c\to 0$ ) for sufficiently small Coulomb interaction. This feature allows for the possibility of singular scattering over the whole Fermi surface. We discuss possible implications of our results for the bilayer high-T c cuprates.
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    Dynamical phase transition in two-dimensional fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays with resistively shunted junction dynamics (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 201-207 
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    Notes: Abstract. The dynamical phase transitions in two-dimensional fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays at zero temperature are investigated numerically with the resistively shunted junction model through the fluctuating twist boundary condition. The model is subjected to a driving current with nonzero orthogonal components i x , i y parallel to both axes of the square lattice. We find a roughly lattice size independent phase diagram with three dynamical phases: a pinned vortex lattice phase, a moving vortex lattice phase and a moving plastic phase. The phase diagram shows a direct transition from the pinned vortex to the moving vortex phase and the separation of the pinned vortex and the moving plastic phases. The time-dependent voltages v x and v y are periodic in the moving vortex lattice phase. But they are aperiodic in the moving plastic phase, resulting in non-monotonic characteristics and hysteresis in the current-voltage curves. It is found that the characteristic frequency is twice the time-averaged voltage in the moving vortex phase and around the time-averaged voltage in the plastic flow regime.
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    Dynamical CPA approach to an itinerant fermionic spin glass model (2003)
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    The European physical journal 35 (2003), S. 223-232 
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    Notes: Abstract. We study a fermionic version of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model including nearest-neighbor hopping on a $\infty$ -dimensional simple cubic lattices. The problem is reduced to one of free fermions moving in a dynamical effective random medium. By means of a CPA method we derive a set of self-consistency equations for the spin glass order parameter and for the Fourier components of the local spin susceptibility. In order to solve these equations numerically we employ an approximation scheme which restricts the dynamics to a feasible number of the leading Fourier components. From a sequence of systematically improved dynamical approximations we estimate the location of the quantum critical point.
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    Noised-induced phase transition in an oscillatory system with dynamical traps (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 115-118 
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    Notes: Abstract. A new type of noised induced phase transitions is proposed. It occurs in noisy systems with dynamical traps. Dynamical traps are regions in the phase space where the regular “forces” are depressed substantially. By way of an example, a simple oscillatory system $\{x,v = \dot{x}\}$ with additive white noise is considered and its dynamics is analyzed numerically. The dynamical trap region is assumed to be located near the x-axis where the “velocity” v of the system becomes sufficiently low. The meaning of this assumption is discussed. The observed phase transition is caused by the asymmetry in the residence time distribution in the vicinity of zero value “velocity”. This asymmetry is due to a cooperative effect of the random Langevin “force” in the trap region and the regular “force” not changing the direction of action when crossing the trap region.
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    The complexity of the spherical $\mathsf{p}$ -spin spin glass model, revisited (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 129-136 
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    Notes: Abstract. Some questions concerning the calculation of the number of “physical” (metastable) states or complexity of the spherical p-spin spin glass model are reviewed and examined further. Particular attention is focused on the general calculation procedure which is discussed step-by-step.
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    Surface plasmons on a quasiperiodic grating (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 137-140 
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    Notes: Abstract. A method is presented for calculating the frequencies of non-retarded surface plasmons propagating on a semi-infinite medium with a surface profile described by a one-dimension quasiperiodic function. The profiles are generated, in analogy with previous work on quasiperiodic superlattices, by repeating unitary cells constructed according to an inflation rule. Dispersion relations are obtained for a semi-infinite free-electron metal as the active medium, with surface profiles obeying the Fibonacci and Thue-Morse sequences.
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    Mixing length scales: step meandering and island nucleation on vicinal surfaces (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 141-147 
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    Notes: Abstract. Simultaneous island nucleation and step flow growth on vicinal surfaces are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. Step edges experience meandering instability under growth conditions if there is a kink barrier suppressing adatom jumps around kink sites. This instability has a characteristic length scale, with different scaling properties from the island separation scale. We show that there is a coupling between island nucleation and step edge instability. The length scale associated with nucleation begins to couple with the wavelength of the step edge patterns when islands and steps coalesce. Only in the submonolayer regime step meandering is independent of island formation. In this regime the island separation has a cross-over scaling behaviour as terrace width is varied.
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    Effects of saving and spending patterns on holding time distribution (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 149-153 
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    Notes: Abstract. The effects of saving and spending patterns on holding time distribution of money are investigated based on the ideal gas-like models. We show the steady-state distribution obeys an exponential law when the saving factor is set uniformly, and a power law when the saving factor is set diversely. The power distribution can also be obtained by proposing a new model where the preferential spending behavior is considered. The association of the distribution with the probability of money to be exchanged has also been discussed.
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    Self-energy-functional approach: Analytical results and the Mott-Hubbard transition (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 335-348 
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    Notes: Abstract. The self-energy-functional approach proposed recently is applied to the single-band Hubbard model at half-filling to study the Mott-Hubbard metal-insulator transition within the most simple but non-trivial approximation. This leads to a mean-field approach which is interesting conceptually: Trial self-energies from a two-site single-impurity Anderson model are used to evaluate an exact and general variational principle. While this restriction of the domain of the functional represents a strong approximation, the approach is still thermodynamically consistent by construction and represents a conceptual improvement of the “linearized DMFT” which has been suggested previously as a handy approach to study the critical regime close to the transition. It turns out that the two-site approximation is able to reproduce the complete (zero and finite-temperature) phase diagram for the Mott transition. For the critical point at T = 0, the entire calculation can be done analytically. This calculation elucidates different general aspects of the self-energy-functional theory. Furthermore, it is shown how to deal with a number of technical difficulties which appear when the self-energy functional is evaluated in practice.
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    Light scattering and dielectric manifestations of secondary relaxations in molecular glassformers (2003)
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    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 349-357 
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    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Photon correlation data of the molecular glass-forming materials 2-picoline, dimethylphthalate (DMP) and salol are compared with their dielectric loss spectra in the time-frequency range where the dielectric data reveal secondary relaxations. Slow secondary relaxation processes in molecular liquids are commonly studied by dielectric spectroscopy (DS) and, based on such studies, believed to be characteristics of the deeply super-cooled liquid state. However, there has been no direct experimental evidence that they are similarly detected by other experimental techniques. In the present study, we experimentally address this question for the anisotropic (depolarized) light scattering (LS). In the first approximation, DS and LS probe the same molecular reorientation dynamics, and therefore are expected to provide qualitatively similar spectra. We find however that this is not the case, namely i) the magnitude of the slow secondary relaxations is much less in LS than in DS data, which is the opposite to expectations; ii) the shape of the relaxation spectrum is qualitatively different, concerning both the main and secondary processes. We discuss possible sources of these differences in the context of related data from the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00353-6
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  • 96
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    Conductance of a large point contact with Rashba effect (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 365-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We study the scattering of an electron of a 2DEG through a large point contact separating a region where the electrons are free and a region where the Rashba spin-orbit coupling is present. The scattering depends dramatically on the electron incidence angle showing double refraction within the Rashba region. For incidence not normal to the interface the electron spin state is not conserved. The calculated conductance exhibits an oscillating behavior as a function of spin state of the incident electrons with different spin down and spin up currents. Our model describes both a ferromagnetic semimetallic source and a simple metallic injection electrode. In the first case the electrons are injected in a pure spin state and in the second one they are unpolarized, that is in a statistical mixture of spin up and down states. In both the cases the passage through the large point contact produces spin polarized currents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00355-4
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  • 97
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    Electronic Resource
    PT-invariant Helmholtz optics and its applications to slab waveguides (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 359-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In optical Integrated circuits (OIC) and optical device design (passive and active), the index of refraction profile is a coordinate dependent parameter. Specifically in slab waveguides which is a basic element in optical engineering, the guided modes and its behavior with respect to waveguide parameters can be extracted from the exact solution of the Helmholtz equation. In the general case, the numerical approach is applied for determination of the electric and magnetic fields. In this paper a suitable algorithm, using the PT-symmetric quantum mechanical approach has been given for light transmission through one-dimensional inhomogeneous media (PT-symmetric index of refraction).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00354-5
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  • 98
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    Electronic Resource
    Fluctuation conductivity in layered d-wave superconductors near critical disorder (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We consider the fluctuation conductivity in the critical region of a disorder induced quantum phase transition in layered d-wave superconductors. We specifically address the fluctuation contribution to the system’s conductivity in the limit of large (quasi-two-dimensional system) and small (quasi-three-dimensional system) separation between adjacent layers of the system. Both in-plane and c-axis conductivities were discussed near the point of insulator-superconductor phase transition. The value of the dynamical critical exponent, z = 2, permits a perturbative treatment of this quantum phase transition under the renormalization group approach. We discuss our results for the system conductivities in the critical region as function of temperature and disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00356-3
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tomographic-probability description of solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 385-390 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Tomographic-probability representation for soliton solutions of Gross-Pitaevskii equation is introduced. Tomograms of the wavefunction describing bright soliton states of Bose-Einstein condensate are obtained in the presence of a quadratic external potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00357-2
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Percolation of polyatomic species on a square lattice (2003)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 36 (2003), S. 391-399 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this paper, the percolation of (a) linear segments of size k and(b) k-mers of different structures and forms deposited on a square lattice have been studied. In the latter case, site and bond percolation have been examined. The analysis of results obtained by using finite size scaling theory is performed in order to test the universality of the problem by determining the numerical values of the critical exponents of the phase transition occurring in the system. It is also determined that the percolation threshold exhibits a exponentially decreasing function when it is plotted as a function of the k-mer size. The characteristic parameters of that function are dependent not only on the form and structure of the k-mers but also on the properties of the lattice where they are deposited.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2003-00358-1
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