ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Elsevier  (5,804,698)
  • Oxford University Press  (428,974)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)  (190,459)
  • MDPI Publishing
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Language
Years
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A measurement of τ polarization in Z^0 decays (1992-8977)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(92)91549-O
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the average lifetime of b hadrons (1993-4325)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(93)91027-K
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Towards a Vigilant Society (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Towards a Vigilant Society sheds light on the emergence of a new society of vigilance, in particular the actions of anti-migrant groups around Dover and Calais. Based on field research on both sides of the channel, it studies the dynamics of these groups – midway between a social movement and vigilantism – at these two key points in the international migration route between the European Union and the United Kingdom. In recent years, a series of anti-migrant groups have been mobilising on both sides of the Channel to counter migrations. Their actions range from demonstrations, to violence against migrants. And by staging their actions on social media, which is an extraordinary sounding board, these groups can build an online community and a mass audience, influencing public opinion and even the migration policies of states.
    Keywords: Vigilantism Citizen participation in policing Securitisation Social reaction to migration Anti-migrant groups Far-right social movements Calais Dover Neighbourhood watches ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHB Sociology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFH Migration, immigration and emigration ; thema EDItEUR::5 Interest qualifiers::5P Relating to specific groups and cultures or social and cultural interests::5PB Relating to peoples: ethnic groups, indigenous peoples, cultures and other groupings of people::5PBC Relating to migrant groups / diaspora communities or peoples ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFG Refugees and political asylum
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    City of Equals (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: When we think about equality in the city, we are very likely to think first of the wide and growing divide between rich and poor, in material terms. Yet when we think more about a 'city of equals' it becomes apparent that how people feel treated by the city and those around them, and whether they can live according to their values, are much more central. Accordingly, combining their own reflections, a multi-disciplinary literature review, and, distinctively, more than 180 interviews in 10 cities in 6 countries, Wolff and de Shalit have derived an account of a city of equals based on the idea that it should give each of its city-zens a secure sense of place or belonging. Four underlying values structure this account. First, access to the goods and services of the city should not be based purely on the market. Second, each person should be able to live a life they find meaningful. Third, there should be diversity and wide social mixing. Fourth, there should be 'non-deferential inclusion': each person should be able to get access to what they are entitled to without being treated as less worthy than others. They should be able to enjoy their rights without bowing and scraping, waiting longer than others, or going through special bureaucratic hurdles. In sum, in a city of equals each person is proud of their city and has the (justified) feeling that their city is proud of (people like) them.
    Keywords: cities, equality, inequality, relational equality, equality in the city, inclusion, diversity, social mixing, public reflective equilibrium, urban political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Ethics of Surveillance in Times of Emergency (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: The Covid-19 pandemic is arguably the first international emergency of the twenty-first century. In order to respond to this emergency, countries and governments around the world were forced to engage in a range of actions and policies that would not otherwise have been permitted. Looking in particular at the use of surveillance technologies, this book examines the challenge of ethics in emergencies. What can states do to keep their populations safe, what can citizens expect of their governments, and when are those government actions unjustified? By looking at the use of surveillance in times of emergency, this book explores ethical, philosophical, political, and social concepts, challenges them, and offers a set of views on where those concepts may evolve into the future. As a global population, we will be faced with emergencies, and it is possible that these will also be global in their impact. The ethics of surveillance in times of emergency is both of its time, and ongoing; we must learn our lessons from the last emergency, to be prepared for the next ones.
    Keywords: applied ethics, surveillance, emergency ethics, pandemics, public health ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    What Is Structural Injustice? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: What is Structural Injustice? is the first edited collection to bring together the voices of leading structural injustice scholars from politics, philosophy and law to explore the concept of structural injustice which has now become a central feature of all three disciplines and is considered by many to be a ‘field of study.’ The volume features specially selected original and essential works on structural injustice. The volume provides a range of disciplinary, ontological and epistemological perspectives on what structural injustice is and includes feminist and post-colonial theories to interrogate how structural injustice exacerbates and reproduces existing inequalities and relations of power. This book aims to become a touchstone text for those interested in the different ways we can understand structural injustice, how it manifests, how it relates to other forms of injustice, who is responsible for its redress and the different ways we might go about it. This book will appeal to a wide audience of students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, as well as the general academic population, experts on structural injustice, interested practitioners in politics and members of the public.
    Keywords: " Structural injustice, politics, philosophy, law, ontology, epistemology, feminism, power, historical injustice. " ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPA Political science and theory ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Just Prospering? Plato and the Sophistic Debate about Justice (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book argues that Plato’s Republic must be understood as developing out of a 5th Century sophistic debate. In Part One the author presents a new analysis of the sophists and their extant texts addressing the important topics of justice and its value. This part shows that already in the 5th Century there was a robust debate about whether the just or unjust life was better for the self-interested individual, and that multiple sophistic authors made inventive and philosophically sophisticated arguments on both sides of this debate. The Moral Cynics argues that the intelligent individual was better off being unjust, whereas the Friends of Justice defended the idea that the just life was better for human beings. Part Two argues that Plato was very much aware of this debate and that in a number of dialogues—but most importantly in Republic—he engaged with this debate. The immoralist challenge that Glaucon and Adeimantus pose to Socrates early in Republic draws from the arguments of the 5th Century Moral Cynics and moreover identifies problems with the arguments of the 5th Century Friends of Justice. By having Socrates make an argument that overcomes the theoretical weaknesses of the earlier Friends of Justice, Plato is able to pose a new defence of justice that is more effective at responding to the Moral Cynics. The book’s analysis of Republic suggests new readings for certain important passages, such as the division of goods.
    Keywords: Justice Prospering [εὐδαιμονία] Plato The Sophists The History of Moral and Political Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDH Philosophical traditions and schools of thought::QDHA Ancient Greek and Roman philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LA Jurisprudence and general issues::LAB Methods, theory and philosophy of law ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::3 Time period qualifiers::3C BCE period – Protohistory ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1Q Other geographical groupings: Oceans and seas, historical, political etc::1QB Historical states, empires, territories and regions::1QBA Ancient World::1QBAG Ancient Greece
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Landscape, Religion, and the Supernatural presents a summa of current and classic theorizing on religion and the supernatural in relationship to the land and develops this theorizing further by confronting it with a rich set of folkloristic and historical data. Focusing on the themes of “time and memory,” “repeating patterns,” “identity formation,” “morality,” “labor,” “playfulness and adventure,” “power and subversion,” “sound,” “emotions,” “coping with contingency,” “home and unhomeliness,” and “nature and environment,” the book engages with a broad range of theoretical concepts and approaches from the interdisciplinary field of landscape theory and the study of religions. It brings this theorizing into dialogue with the rich culture of local storytelling and landscape-related traditional beliefs of the Strandir district of the Icelandic Westfjords. In this rural region, landscape-related traditions have been collected since the early nineteenth century and continue to be important to this day. Confronting this rich heritage with the insights of landscape theory both in and beyond the study of religions allows important new contributions to theorizing landscape and religion, especially when it comes to considering the perspectives on landscape held by rural populations rather than the urban upper classes that have stood in the focus of research to date. The example of the Icelandic Westfjords shows the extreme richness of religious and supernatural approaches to the landscape that can be developed in rural communities, and how they are significantly and characteristically different from the urban perspectives of literature and the arts.
    Keywords: landscape, religion, supernatural, space, place, folklore, folk belief, Iceland ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBT History: specific events & topics::HBTP Historical geography ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSL Ethnic studies::JFSL9 Indigenous peoples
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Politics and the Urban Frontier (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Despite the rise of global technocratic ideals of city-making, cities around the world are not merging into indistinguishable duplicates of one another. In fact, as the world urbanizes, urban formations remain diverse in their socio-economic and spatial characteristics, with varying potential to foster economic development and social justice. This book argues that these differences are primarily rooted in politics, and if we continue to view cities as economic and technological projects to be managed rather than terrains of political bargaining and contestation, the quest for better urban futures is doomed to fail. Dominant critical approaches to urban development tend to explain difference with reference to the variegated impacts of neoliberal regulatory institutions. This, however, neglects the multiple ways in which the wider politics of capital accumulation and distribution drive divergent forms of transformation in different urban places. In order to unpack the politics that shapes differential urban development, this book focuses on East Africa as the global urban frontier: the least urbanized but fastest urbanizing region in the world. Drawing on a decade of research spanning three case-study countries (Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Uganda), Politics and the Urban Frontier provides the first sustained, book-length comparative analysis of urban development trajectories in Eastern Africa and the political dynamics underpinning them. Through a focus on infrastructure investment, urban propertyscapes, street-level trading economies, and urban political protest, it offers a multi-scalar, historically grounded, and interdisciplinary analysis of the urban transformations unfolding in the world’s most dynamic crucible of urban change.
    Keywords: urban development, East Africa, comparative urban politics, late urbanization, infrastructure, planning, protest, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Uganda ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCV Economics of specific sectors::KCVS Regional / urban economics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCG Economic growth ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCM Economic geography
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Social Democratic Capitalism (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: What configuration of institutions and policies is most conducive to human flourishing? The historical and comparative evidence suggests that the answer is social democratic capitalism — a democratic political system, a capitalist economy, good elementary and secondary schooling, a big welfare state, pro-employment public services, and moderate regulation of product and labor markets. Lane Kenworthy shows that this system improves living standards for the least well-off, enhances economic security, and boosts equality of opportunity. And it does so without sacrificing other things we want in a good society, from liberty to economic growth to health and happiness. Its chief practitioners have been the Nordic nations. The Nordics have gone farther than other rich democratic countries in coupling a big welfare state with public services that promote high employment and modest product- and labor-market regulations. Many believe this system isn’t transferable beyond Scandinavia, but Kenworthy shows that social democratic capitalism and its successes can be replicated in other affluent nations, including the United States. Today, the U.S. lags behind other countries in economic security, opportunity, and shared prosperity. If the U.S. expanded existing social programs and added some additional ones, many Americans would have better lives. Kenworthy argues that, despite formidable political obstacles, the U.S. is likely to move toward social democratic capitalism in coming decades. As a country gets richer, he explains, it becomes more willing to spend more in order to safeguard against risk and enhance fairness. He lays out a detailed policy agenda that could alleviate many of America’s problems.
    Keywords: Social democratic capitalism, American politics, comparative politics, Western European politics, democracy, capitalism, welfare state, economic reform, regulation, economic equality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Languages are central to the creation and expression of identities and cultures, as well as to life itself, yet the linguistic variegation of the later-Roman and post-imperial period in the Roman West is remarkably understudied. A deeper understanding of this important issue is crucial to any reconstruction of the broader story of linguistic continuity and change in Europe and the Mediterranean, as well as to the history of the communities who wrote, read, and spoke Latin and other languages. In spite of intensive study of culture and ethnic identity in late antiquity, language has often been neglected, a neglect encouraged by the disciplinary boundaries between linguists and historians, Romanists, and medievalists. There is no single volume that sets out the main developments, key features, and debates of the later-Roman and post-imperial linguistic environment. The linguistic landscapes of the late-Roman and post-imperial West are difficult to uncover and describe, while attempts to speak across disciplinary divides are challenging. The contributors have tackled this subject by offering detailed coverage of the Iberian Peninsula, North Africa, Gaul, the Germanies, Britain, and Ireland. This volume, the third in the LatinNow series, helps readers to understand better the embeddedness, or not, of Latin, at different social levels and across provinces, to consider (socio)linguistic variegation, bilingualism and multilingualism, and attitudes towards languages, and to confront the complex role of language in the communities, identities, and cultures of the later and post-imperial Roman West.
    Keywords: early middle ages, Gaul, the Germanies, Iberian Peninsula, later Roman world, Latin, local language, sociolinguistics, western provinces ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Gauge theory of elementary particle physics (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Students of particle physics often find it difficult to locate resources to learn calculational techniques. Intermediate steps are not usually given in the research literature. To a certain extent, this is also the case even in some of the textbooks. In this book of worked problems we have made an effort to provide enough details so that a student starting in the field will understand the solution in each case. Our hope is that with this step-by-step guidance, students (after first attempting the solution themselves) can develop their skill, and confidence in their ability, to work out particle theory problems.
    Keywords: nuclear physics, mathematical and statistical physics, pure mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHS Statistical physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHF Materials / States of matter::PHFC Condensed matter physics (liquid state and solid state physics) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHQ Quantum physics (quantum mechanics and quantum field theory) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHK Electricity, electromagnetism and magnetism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHU Mathematical physics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Babies in Groups (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Babies in Groups examines the consequences for science, for childcare policy, and for adult psychotherapy, of findings that young babies capably enjoy participating in groups. The authors’ research on preverbal infants’ capacities for group-communication in all-baby trios and quartets opens up new ways of imagining human development as fundamentally group-based. Babies in Groups highlights the changes a group-based vision of infancy brings to early child education and care by documenting the transformative consequences of introducing group-based practices into a high-quality childcare service in rural Australia. The book also examines the ways in which the belief that one-to-one infant-adult ‘attachments’ grounds human development unnecessarily narrows understanding of human potential, and slants scientific research. This examination culminates by showing how ignoring group contexts in many clinical traditions can distort descriptions of what happens in therapy, producing such unintended consequences as ‘mother-blaming’ for the future problems an infant may experience as she or he grows up.
    Keywords: attachment theory; childcare; childcare policy; cultural criticism; dyadic vision; early education; group psychology; human evolution; intersubjectivity; psychotherapy. ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLA Pre-school and kindergarten ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Politics of Revenue Bargaining in Africa (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: This book examines the politics of revenue bargaining in Africa in a time when attention to domestic revenue mobilisation has expanded immensely. Measures to increase taxes and other revenues can -but do not always- lead to a process of bargaining, where revenue providers negotiate for some kind of a return. This book offers in-depth analyses of micro-instances of revenue bargaining across five African countries: Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Togo, and Uganda. All case studies draw on a common theoretical framework combining the fiscal contract theory with the political settlement approach, which enables a systematic exploration into what triggers revenue bargaining; how these processes unfold; and finally, if and when they reach an agreement (whether a fiscal contract or not). From the empirically rich case narratives emerges a story of how power and initial bargaining position influence not only whether bargaining emerges in the first place, but also the processes and their outcomes. Less resourceful taxpayers are in a more difficult position to raise their voice, but in some cases even these groups manage to ally with other civil society groups to protest against tax reforms they perceive as unfair. Indirect taxes such as VAT often trigger protests, and so do sudden changes in tax practices. Revenue providers rarely call for improved services in return for paying tax, which would be expected to nurture the foundation for a fiscal social contract. Instead, revenue providers are more likely to negotiate for tax reductions, implying that governments’ effort to increase revenue is impeded. We do find many instances of state-society reciprocity when ruling elites try to be responsive to revenue providers’ demands. Hence, this book gives insight into the nature and dynamics not only of revenue bargaining but of policy-making in general as well as the implications hereof for state-society reciprocity in Africa.
    Keywords: Revenue bargaining; fiscal contract; political settlement; Africa; taxation; state-society relations; political economy; domestic revenue mobilisation; reciprocity; comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics and emerging economies ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCP Political economy ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1H Africa
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Social Factors in the Latinization of the Roman West (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Latinization is a strangely overlooked topic. Historians have noted it has been ‘taken for granted’ and viewed as an unremarkable by-product of ‘Romanization’, despite its central importance for understanding the Roman provincial world, its life and languages. This volume aims to fill the gap in our scholarship, along with its sister volumes, Latinization, Local Languages and Literacies in the Roman West and Languages and Communities in the Late-Roman and Post-Imperial Western Provinces, all outputs of the European Research Council-funded LatinNow project. Experts have been selected to create a multidisciplinary volume with a thematic approach to the vast subject, tackling administration, army, economy, law, mobility, religion (local and imperial religions and Christianity), social status, and urbanism. They situate the phenomena of Latinization, literacy, bi-, and multilingualism within local and broader social developments and draw together materials and arguments that have not before been coordinated in a single volume. The result is a comprehensive guide to the theme, which also offers original and more experimental work. The sociolinguistic, historical, and archaeological contributions reinforce, expand, and sometimes challenge our vision of Latinization and lay the foundations for future explorations.
    Keywords: army, economy, education, law, Latinization, mobility, religion, Roman western provinces, sociolinguistics, status, urbanism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHT History: specific events and topics::NHTB Social and cultural history ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics::CFB Sociolinguistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Practical Playbook III (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Every day, two or three women die because of pregnancy or childbirth. Nearly 80% of these deaths are preventable. These outcomes disproportionately impact racialized populations, including Black and Indigenous women, who are two to three times more likely to die. The Practical Playbook III: Working Together to Improve Maternal Health is a guide for maternal health stakeholders (like researchers, community activists, providers, and advocates) offering practical tools and strategies to address inequities in maternal health services and outcomes. With contributions from more than 150 authors, each chapter offers a different strategy that stakeholders can apply to improve maternal health in their community. The 50 chapters are divided into six main sections: Section I, Introduction; Section II, Collaborations; Section III, Equity; Section IV, Data; Section V, Innovations; and Section VI, Systems and Scalability. The chapters focus on ways to save mothers by centering equity, collaborating with people with lived experience, building better data systems, piloting and expanding innovations, and leveraging resources to scale and sustain what works. Throughout the book, readers encounter stories from women and birthing people that bring the problems and solutions into better focus. The editors are committed to continuing to share information about initiatives that are moving the needle through our online platforms.
    Keywords: Maternal Mortality, Maternal Morbidity Racial Disparities, maternal health equity, maternal health stakeholders, playbook, Maternal Health Data, Collaboration, Innovation, Sustainability ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKC Gynaecology and obstetrics ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine::MBNS Epidemiology and Medical statistics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-19
    Description: Comparing the Worth of the While in Fiji and Finland presents comparative case studies of clock time from Fiji and Finland in order to ask what other values is time capable of expressing besides monetary worth – what “else” can time be besides money? Time is a highly particular vehicle for different considerations of what is good or important, but it is also one which is deployed at different settings with surprisingly little consideration for the specificity of this particular a value form. This book looks into the different ways in which time is deployed in value projects in Fiji and Finland, not just to point out the various possible ways of allocating value to time, but to show that European clock-time, just like its Oceanic counterparts, requires a great deal of conceptual work to make it serve as vehicle of valuation. The cases analysed in the book range from considerations of rank and conspicuous leisure in Fiji to Finnish timebanking, taxation, and university auditing.
    Keywords: Fiji, Finland, time, value, anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PG Astronomy, space & time::PGZ Time (chronology), time systems & standards ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Impact of the Inter-American Human Rights System (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: The Inter-American Human Rights System (IAHRS) fosters structural transformations throughout the Americas. This collection of analyses builds upon the studies on Ius Constitutionale Commune en América Latina and Latin American transformative constitutionalism to map out both the ground-level human rights impact of the IAHRS and the institutional characteristics that have enabled such fundamental changes in social reality. The volume starts with essays framing the concept and context of IAHRS impact. Then it navigates thematic analyses on specific rights and types of violations that are front and center to the protection of human rights in Latin America. The concluding essays explore whether and how it is possible to optimize the actions of the Inter-American System, indicating possible paths to increase positive human rights impact. The editors contend that the IAHRS victim-centric approach, community of practice, and openness to institutional reinvention have enabled it to create a virtuous cycle that catalyzes human rights in the Americas, furthering democracy and the Rule of Law throughout the continent.
    Keywords: Inter-American System, impact, human rights, Transformative Constitutionalism, Latin America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBZ Public international law: criminal law ; thema EDItEUR::1 Place qualifiers::1K The Americas::1KL Latin America – Mexico, Central America, South America ; thema EDItEUR::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBR Public international law: human rights
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Nature of Physical Computation (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Computing systems are everywhere today. Even the brain is thought to be a sort of computing system. But what does it mean to say that a given organ or system computes? What is it about laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems that they are deemed to compute, and why does it seldom occur to us to describe stomachs, hurricanes, rocks, or chairs that way? The book provides an extended argument for the semantic view of computation, which states that semantic properties are involved in the nature of computing systems. Laptops, smartphones, and nervous systems compute because they are accompanied by representations. Stomachs, hurricanes, and rocks, for instance, which do not have semantic properties, do not compute. The first part of the book argues that the linkage between the mathematical theory of computability and the notion of physical computation is weak. Theoretical notions such as algorithms, effective procedure, program, and automaton play only a minor role in identifying physical computation. The second part of the book reviews three influential accounts of physical computation and argues that while none of these accounts is satisfactory, each of them highlights certain key features of physical computation. The final part of the book develops and argues for a semantic account of physical computation and offers a characterization of computational explanations.
    Keywords: Metaphysics; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic; Philosophy of Computational Science; Philosophy of Mathematics & Logic ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Access to Power (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Pakistan would desperately like to produce enough electricity, but it usually doesn’t. This is the rare issue on which government and private sector can unite, and it is the cause of suffering for rich and poor alike across the entirety of the country. Despite prioritization by successive governments, targeted reforms shaped by international development actors, and featuring prominently in Chinese Belt and Road Investments, the Pakistani power sector still stifles economic and social life across the country. This book explores state capacity in Pakistan by following the material infrastructure of electricity across the provinces and down into cities and homes. It argues that the national challenges of budgetary constraints and power shortages directly result from conscious strategic decisions that are integral to Pakistan’s infrastructural state. Electricity shortages are one of the many poor governance outcomes characteristic of low- and middle-income countries. Standard development thinking points to an absence of institutions in comparison with an idealized and distant other country, with governance reform programs formulated accordingly. However, an orientation toward what Pakistan is not takes us away from how it actually functions and to whose benefit. Electricity governance in Pakistan reinforces relations of power between provinces and the federal center, contributes to the marginalization of subordinate groups in the city, and orients citizens toward a patronage-based relationship with the state through encounters with street-level bureaucrats. Looking through the lens of the electrical power sector reveals how Pakistan works, and for whom.
    Keywords: state capacity, infrastructure, electricity, Pakistan, urban, ethnography, institutions, political economy, development, China–Pakistan Economic Corridor ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GT Interdisciplinary studies::GTP Development studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPQ Central / national / federal government::JPQB Central / national / federal government policies
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Would Democratic Socialism Be Better? (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: The case for a modern democratic humane socialism typically has two parts. The first is that capitalism is bad, at or least not very good. In reaching this conclusion, most have either analyzed a theoretical ideal-type of capitalism or used a single country, often the United States, as a stand-in for capitalism. To fully and fairly assess democratic socialism’s desirability, we need to compare it to the best version of capitalism that humans have devised: social democratic capitalism, or what is often called the Nordic model. Each chapter in this book examines one of the things that we should want in a good society, that contemporary democratic socialists typically say they want, and that socialism might, conceivably, improve our ability to achieve: an end to poverty in rich countries, an end to poverty everywhere, more jobs, decent jobs, faster economic growth, inclusive growth, more public goods and services, affordable healthcare for all, helpful finance, truly democratic politics, economic democracy, less economic inequality, gender and racial equality, more community, and a livable planet. The book offers a close look at the evidence about how capitalist economies have performed on these outcomes, with particular attention to the performance of social democratic capitalism. The second part of the case for democratic socialism is the notion that it would be an improvement. For each of these outcomes, the book considers what, if anything, we can conclude about whether democratic socialism would do better than social democratic capitalism.
    Keywords: capitalism, socialism, Nordic model, poverty, employment, democracy, equality, inclusion, community ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPB Comparative politics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPS International relations::JPSL Geopolitics
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mental Imagery (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book is about mental imagery and the important work it does in our mental life. It plays a crucial role in the vast majority of our perceptual episodes. It also helps us understand many of the most puzzling features of perception (like the way it is influenced in a top-down manner and the way different sense modalities interact). But mental imagery also plays a very important role in emotions, action execution, and even in our desires. In sum, there are very few mental phenomena that mental imagery doesn’t show up in—in some way or other. The hope is that if we understand what mental imagery is, how it works and how it is related to other mental phenomena, we can make real progress on a number of important questions about the mind. This book aims at an interdisciplinary audience. As it aims to combine philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience to understand mental imagery, I have not presupposed any prior knowledge in any of these disciplines. As a result, readers with no background in any of these disciplines can also follow the arguments.
    Keywords: mental imagery, imagination, perception, philosophy, psychology, neuroscience ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPN Philosophy: aesthetics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTN Philosophy: aesthetics ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
    Format: image/jpeg
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    E-BOOK
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Is tree planting an effective strategy for climate change mitigation? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-21
    Description: The world's forests store large amounts of carbon (C), and growing forests can reduce atmospheric CO2 by storing C in their biomass. This has provided the impetus for world-wide tree planting initiatives to offset fossil-fuel emissions. However, forests interact with their environment in complex and multifaceted ways that must be considered for a balanced assessment of the value of planting trees. First, one needs to consider the potential reversibility of C sequestration in trees through either harvesting or tree death from natural factors. If carbon storage is only temporary, future temperatures will actually be higher than without tree plantings, but cumulative warming will be reduced, contributing both positively and negatively to future climate-change impacts. Alternatively, forests could be used for bioenergy or wood products to replace fossil-fuel use which would obviate the need to consider the possible reversibility of any benefits. Forests also affect the Earth's energy balance through either absorbing or reflecting incoming solar radiation. As forests generally absorb more incoming radiation than bare ground or grasslands, this constitutes an important warming effect that substantially reduces the benefit of C storage, especially in snow-covered regions. Forests also affect other local ecosystem services, such as conserving biodiversity, modifying water and nutrient cycles, and preventing erosion that could be either beneficial or harmful depending on specific circumstances. Considering all these factors, tree plantings may be beneficial or detrimental for mitigating climate-change impacts, but the range of possibilities makes generalisations difficult. Their net benefit depends on many factors that differ between specific circumstances. One can, therefore, neither uncritically endorse tree planting everywhere, nor condemn it as counter-productive. Our aim is to provide key information to enable appropriate assessments to be made under specific circumstances. We conclude our discussion by providing a step-by-step guide for assessing the merit of tree plantings under specific circumstances.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seaweed farming environments do not always function as CO2 sink under synergistic influence of macroalgae and microorganisms (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-29
    Description: Seaweed farming contributes substantial amounts of organic carbon to the ocean, part of which can be locked for a long term in the ocean and perform the function of ocean carbon sequestration, and the other part can be converted into inorganic carbon through microbial mineralization and aerobic respiration, affecting the pCO2, pHT and dissolved oxygen of seawater. It is generally believed that seaweed farming will cause the seawater to become a sink of CO2 due to carbon fixation by macroalgal photosynthesis. However, little attention has been paid to the fact that seaweed farming environment may sometimes become a source rather than a sink of CO2. Here, through in-situ mesocosm cultivation experiments and eight field investigations covering different kelp growth stages in an intensive farming area in China, we found that compared with the surrounding seawater without kelps, the seawater at the fast-growth stage of kelp was a sink of CO2 (pCO2 decreased by 17−73 μatm), but became a source of CO2 at the aging stage of kelp (pCO2 increased by 20−37 μatm). Concurrently, seawater pHT experienced a transition from increase (by 0.02−0.08) to decline (by 0.03−0.04). In-situ mesocosm cultivation experiments showed that the positive environmental effects (i.e., pCO2 decrease and pHT increase) induced by kelps at the early growth stage could be offset within only 3 days at the late-growth and aging stages. The release of dissolved organic carbon by kelps at the late growth stage increased significantly, supporting the enhancement in microbial abundance and respiration, which was manifested by the remarkable decrease in seawater dissolved oxygen, ultimately leading to CO2 release exceeding photosynthetic CO2 absorption. This study suggests that mature farmed kelps should be harvested in time to best utilize their carbon sink function and environmental benefits, which has guiding significance for the rational management of seaweed farming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Epiphytic and endophytic microbiome of the seagrass Zostera marina: Do they contribute to pathogen reduction in seawater? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-06
    Description: Highlights: • Inhibitory potential of eelgrass microbiome against aquatic and fecal pathogens • Isolation of epiphytes and endophytes associated with eelgrass leaves and roots • Particularly leaf epibiotic bacteria exhibit significant antimicrobial activity. • Rich secondary metabolite composition by untargeted metabolomics • Potential involvement of eelgrass microbiome in seagrass ecosystem services Seagrass meadows provide crucial ecosystem services for coastal environments and were shown to reduce the abundance of waterborne pathogens linked to infections in humans and marine organisms in their vicinity. Among potential drivers, seagrass phenolics released into seawater have been linked to pathogen suppression, but the potential involvement of the seagrass microbiome has not been investigated. We hypothesized that the microbiome of the eelgrass Zostera marina, especially the leaf epiphytes that are at direct interface between the seagrass host and the surrounding seawater, inhibit waterborne pathogens thereby contributing to their removal. Using a culture-dependent approach, we isolated 88 bacteria and fungi associated with the surfaces and inner tissues of the eelgrass leaves (healthy and decaying) and the roots. We assessed the antibiotic activity of microbial extracts against a large panel of common aquatic, human (fecal) and plant pathogens, and mined the metabolome of the most active extracts. The healthy leaf epibiotic bacteria, particularly Streptomyces sp. strain 131, displayed broad-spectrum antibiotic activity superior to some control drugs. Gram-negative bacteria abundant on healthy leaf surfaces, and few endosphere-associated bacteria and fungi also displayed remarkable activities. UPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics analyses showed rich specialized metabolite repertoires with low annotation rates, indicating the presence of many undescribed antimicrobials in the extracts. This study contributes to our understanding on microbial and chemical ecology of seagrasses, implying potential involvement of the seagrass microbiome in suppression of pathogens in seawater. Such effect is beneficial for the health of ocean and human, especially in the context of climate change that is expected to exacerbate all infectious diseases. It may also assist future seagrass conservation and management strategies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Variability of total alkalinity in coastal surface waters determined using an in-situ analyzer in conjunction with the application of a neural network-based prediction model (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Description: Total alkalinity (TA) is an important variable of the ocean carbonate system. In coastal oceans, carbonate system dynamics are controlled by a range of processes including photosynthesis and respiration, calcification, mixing of water masses, continental inputs, temperature changes, and seasonal upwelling. Assessments of diel, seasonal and interannual variations in TA are required to understand the carbon cycle in coastal oceans. However, our understanding of these variations remains underdeveloped due to limitations in observational techniques. Autonomous TA measurements are therefore required. In this study, an in situ TA analyzer (ISA-TA) based on a single-point titration with spectrophotometric pH detection was deployed in Tong'an Bay, Xiamen, China, over a five-month period in 2021 to determine diel and seasonal TA variations. The TA observations were combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) model to construct TA prediction models for this area. This provided a simple method to investigate TA variations in this region and was applied to predict surface water TA between March and April 2021. The in situ TA observations showed that TA values in Tong'an Bay varied within a range from 1931 to 2294 μmol kg−1 over the study period, with low TA in late winter, early summer and late summer, and high TA in early winter. The TA variations in late summer and early winter were mainly controlled by mixing of water bodies. The diel variations of TA were greatly determined by tides, with a diel amplitude of 9 to 247 μmol kg−1. The ANN model used temperature, salinity, chlorophyll, and dissolved oxygen to estimate TA, with a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ∼14 μmol kg−1, with salinity as the input variable with the greatest weight. The approach of combining ISA-TA observations with an ANN model can be extended to study the carbonate system in other coastal regions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The transition between coastal and offshore areas in the North Sea unraveled by suspended particle composition (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: Highlights • SPM concentration and organic fractions are analyzed in coastal-offshore gradients • Diagnostic model of SPM allows separating fresh, labile from less reactive PON • Analysis of PON fractions reveals a characteristic area, the transition zone • There, particle settling is enhanced, fostering their transport back to the coast, which controls the fate of organic matter • The transition zone is generally confined to water depths below 20 m Abstract Identifying the mechanisms that contribute to the variability of suspended particulate matter concentrations in coastal areas is important but difficult, especially due to the complexity of physical and biogeochemical interactions involved. Our study addresses this complexity and investigates changes in the horizontal spread and composition of particles, focusing on cross-coastal gradients in the southern North Sea and the English Channel. A semi-empirical model is applied on in situ data of SPM and its organic fraction to resolve the relationship between organic and inorganic suspended particles. The derived equations are applied onto remote sensing products of SPM concentration, which provide monthly synoptic maps of particulate organic matter concentrations (here, particulate organic nitrogen) at the surface together with their labile and less reactive fractions. Comparing these fractions of particulate organic matter reveals their characteristic features along the coastal-offshore gradient, with an area of increased settling rate for particles generally observed between 5 and 30 km from the coast. We identify this area as the transition zone between coastal and offshore waters with respect to particle dynamics. Presumably, in that area, the turbulence range and particle composition favor particle settling, while hydrodynamic processes tend to transport particles of the seabed back towards the coast. Bathymetry plays an important role in controlling the range of turbulent dissipation energy values in the water column, and we observe that the transition zone in the southern North Sea is generally confined to water depths below 20 m. Seasonal variations in suspended particle dynamics are linked to biological processes enhancing particle flocculation, which do not affect the location of the transition zone. We identify the criteria that allow a transition zone and discuss the cases where it is not observed in the domain. The impact of these particle dynamics on coastal carbon storage and export is discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatial structure and biodiversity of macrofauna around marine munition dumpsites – A case study from the Baltic Sea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Coastal German waters contain about 1.6 million tons of dumped munition, mostly left after World Wars. This study investigated the benthic macrofauna around the 'Kolberger Heide' munition dumpsite (Baltic Sea). A total of 93 macrofauna grab samples were obtained in the proximity of the munition dumpsite and in reference areas. Environmental variables analysed included the latitude/longitude, depth, terrain ruggedness, sediment grainsize distribution, TNT concentration in the bottom water and distance to the centre of munition dumpsite. The overall abundance, biomass and diversity varied among these groups, though demonstrated no clear differences regarding the proximity to munition and modelled near-bottom dissolved TNT. Among individual taxa, however, a total of 16 species demonstrated significant correlation with TNT concentration. Moreover, TNT may serve as a predictor for the distribution of three species: molluscs Retusa truncatula, Varicorbula gibba and polychaete Spio goniocephala. Possible reasons for the species distribution including their biological traits are discussed.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Widespread slab melting in modern subduction zones (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Highlights • Global primitive arc lavas (Mg# ≥60) display notable δ49/47Ti heterogeneity. • Residual rutile imposes high δ49/47Ti of 0.24 ± 0.06 ‰ on hydrous, silicic slab melts. • Primitive Aleutian rhyodacites have the same δ49/47Ti as predicted for slab melts. • A variably diluted signature of slab melts is found in all eight subduction zones. • A slab melt component is required to generate silicic primitive arc lavas. Abstract It is still a matter of intense debate to what extent partial melting of the subducting slab contributes to arc magmatism in modern subduction zones. In particular, it is difficult to differentiate between silicate melts formed by partial melting of the slab, and aqueous fluids released during subsolidus dehydration as the main medium for slab-to-mantle wedge mass transfer. Here we use δ49/47Ti (the deviation in 49Ti/47Ti of a sample to the OL-Ti reference material) as a robust geochemical tracer of slab melting. Hydrous partial melting of subducted oceanic crust and the superjacent sedimentary layer produces silicic melts in equilibrium with residual rutile. Modelling shows that such silicic slab melts have notably higher δ49/47Ti (+0.24 ± 0.06 ‰) than their protolith due to the strong preference of rutile for the lighter isotopes of Ti. In contrast, even highly saline fluids cannot carry Ti from the slab and hence hydrous peridotite partial melts have δ49/47Ti similar to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB; ca. 0 ‰). Primitive (Mg# ≥60) arc lavas from eight subduction zones that are unaffected by fractional crystallisation of Fe-Ti oxides show a more than tenfold larger variation in δ49/47Ti than found in MORB. In particular, primitive arc lavas display a striking correlation between SiO2 content and δ49/47Ti that ranges from island arc basalts overlapping with MORB, to primitive rhyodacites with δ49/47Ti up to 0.26 ‰ erupted in the western Aleutian arc. The elevated δ49/47Ti of these primitive arc lavas provides conclusive evidence for partial melts of the slab as a key medium for mass transfer in subduction zones. The Aleutian rhyodacites represent a rare example of slab melts that have traversed the mantle wedge with minimal modification. More commonly, slab melts interact with the mantle wedge to form an array of primary arc magmas that are a blend of slab- and peridotite-derived melt. We identify primitive arc lavas with a clearly resolvable slab melt signature in all eight subduction zone localities, confirming that slab melting is prevalent in modern subduction zones.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: other
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lithostratigraphy of the ignimbrite-dominated Miocene Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area (Central Europe) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Highlights • An event-scale, complete lithostratigraphic column for the Miocene BFVA was created through extensive field volcanology. • Field volcanology was supplemented by volcanic glass geochemistry to separate the eruptions. • An example is presented how to undertake lithostratigraphy-based classification in poorly preserved, deeply eroded volcanic terrains. • In the ancient BFVA landscape, sea cover during eruptions and terrestrial deposition is evident. Abstract This study documents the volcanic evolution of the Miocene silicic Bükk Foreland Volcanic Area (BFVA), Northern Hungary (Central Europe) at an event-scale. The BFVA is a deeply eroded and dissected volcanic field dominated by multiple, several 10-m thick, valley-filling silicic ignimbrite units, which are chemically and texturally very similar to each other. Hence, establishing lateral correlation is a real challenge due to the sporadic and small-scale outcrops and lack of stratotypes. Detailed field observations allowed us to identify eleven lithological members including fourteen eruption events and establish a nearly complete lithostratigraphic correlation between fifteen outcrops across the BFVA. Primary pyroclastic material of each member was sampled, and volcanic glass was geochemically analyzed for major and trace element composition. The geochemical results confirm the field-based classification of the members and enable the correlation of distinct outcrops. The major and trace element composition of the glassy pyroclasts of each member of the BFVA served as basis to create a field-wide chemical reference database for regional correlational studies. Here, a new lithostratigraphic classification scheme (consisting of one lithostratigraphic formation and eleven members) is presented, which reflects the challenges unraveling the stratigraphy of ancient volcanic terrains. The field-based event-scale lithostratigraphy of the BFVA suggests a wet, partly sea-covered depositional environment in the close vicinity of the eruption centers providing favorable conditions to ‘fuel’ silicic explosive phreatomagmatism. On the contrary, paleosol horizons formed after almost each major eruption event or sequence suggests an overall near-coast terrestrial environment for the BFVA, where the emplacement of the pyroclastic material occurred.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: archive
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Governance pathway for coastal eutrophication based on regime shifts in diatom–dinoflagellate composition of the Bohai and Baltic Seas (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-01
    Description: Regime shifts in the diatom–dinoflagellate composition have occurred in the Baltic Sea (BS) and Bohai Sea (BHS) under eutrophication and have affected the entire coastal ecosystem, damaging the regulatory, provisioning, cultural, and supporting service functions of marine ecosystems. Therefore, finding a solution to restore the balance of phytoplankton community composition and mitigate eutrophication is of utmost importance. In this study, the Driver (per capita gross domestic product)-Pressure (terrestrial inputs)-State (seawater environmental parameters)-Impact (proportions of diatoms and dinoflagellates)-Response (eutrophication governance projects) framework served as a guide for our analysis of the causal relationship among various environmental components in the coastal system. The relevant data in BS and BHS spanning from the 1950s to the 2010s were collected and used to construct a diatom–dinoflagellate composition single index, which allowed us to identify the shifts in regimes (mutation points and phases) of the diatom–dinoflagellate composition and environmental factors using sequential t-test analysis. We also identified key environmental factors that moderated the diatom–dinoflagellate composition using redundancy analysis and analyzed the partial effects of the main environmental factors on the diatom–dinoflagellate composition using a generalized additive model. Finally, the regulation of the eutrophication governance investment on diatom–dinoflagellate composition was investigated. We found that (1) BS is a “time machine,” with coastal eutrophication governance and regime shift of diatom–dinoflagellate composition and environmental factors two decades earlier than that in BHS; (2) in BS, the key moderation factor of diatom proportion is SiO3-Si and those of dinoflagellates are sea surface salinity and N:P ratio; in BHS, the key moderation factors of diatom proportion are PO4-P and Si:N ratio and those of dinoflagellate are dissolved inorganic nitrogen and N:P and Si:P ratios; (3) it is projected that BHS will enter its recovery phase from eutrophication after mid-2020s. In summary, the N/P/Si stoichiometric relationships should be given greater consideration, with the exception of the “dose-response” relationship in both sea areas. Our results indicate an urgent need for an improved mechanistic understanding of how phytoplankton biodiversity changes in response to changes in nutrient load and how we should ultimately deal with the challenges that arise.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ascending phase of solar cycle 25 tilts the current El Niño–Southern oscillation transition (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-05
    Description: A La Niña condition in the equatorial Pacific began in the early summer of 2020 and has lasted more than two and a half years (referred to as the 2020 La Niña hereafter). Predicting its temporal evolution had attracted a lot of attention. Considering the possible phase-locked impact of the 11-year solar cycle on the tropical Pacific variability, in this study the authors present the possible modulations by the solar cycle 25 (SC25) started from December 2019, on the future temporal evolution of the 2020 La Niña. Based on statistical features of historical solar cycles, the authors propose three possible scenarios of the timing of the SC25 maximum year and discuss its possible impacts on the temporal evolution of the 2020 La Niña in the next two years. The ongoing ascending phase of SC25 dampens the development of a super El Niño condition to some extent in 2023.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatial distribution and habitat relationship of sea urchin assemblages (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) in Hong Kong waters (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Highlights: • Change in sea urchin species composition from RBC and NRBC habitats. • Sand coverage is an important factor that influences the sea urchin species composition. • The relationship between sea urchins and their habitat is species-specific. Sea urchins are important components of marine ecosystems and can act as bioindicators, reflecting the health of reefs. The spatial patterns of sea urchins are largely shaped by the type of habitat. In Hong Kong, coral communities are divided into two distinct types: reef -building coral habitats and non -reef -building coral habitats. In summer 2020, a qualitative survey was conducted using SCUBA at 56 sites across eastern and western waters, recording a total of 11 species from 6 families of sea urchins. Out of these 56 sites, 14 were selected for a quantitative survey to investigate the relationship between sea urchin assemblages and the two types of coral habitat. We found that the species composition of sea urchins differed significantly between the two habitats, and the presence of sand was a critical factor influencing the species composition of sea urchins. Sand coverage had a positive effect on Salmasic sphaeroides abundance but a negative effect on the abundance of Diadema setosum and Heliocidaris crassispina. The distribution of sea urchins across different degrees of sand coverage may be associated with food availability or species -specific adaptive behaviour, likely due to niche preferences.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Effects of global warming and Tibetan Plateau uplift on East Asian climate during the mid-Cretaceous (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Highlights • East Asian climate evolution was dependent on the latitude of the proto-Tibetan Plateau in the deep past; • Global warming induced wetting at mid-latitude East Asian in the mid-Cretaceous; • The proto-Tibetan Plateau uplift led to drying in the subtropical East Asian in the mid-Cretaceous. Abstract Sedimentary records indicate that subtropical and mid-latitude East Asia exhibited considerable drying and wetting, respectively, during the mid-Cretaceous, which is considered to be relevant to much higher atmospheric carbon dioxide (pCO2) concentrations and/or proto-Tibetan Plateau (proto-TP) uplift. In order to explore and compare their roles on the East Asian climate evolution, we conducted simulations of the mid-Cretaceous climate system with different atmospheric pCO2 levels and varying topographies. The results show that both factors had significant influences on the East Asian climate. As the increase in atmospheric pCO2 levels from ∼560–1120 ppmv to ∼1120–2240 ppmv, the precipitation increases considerably over mid-latitude East Asia, but only small changes in the subtropical portion of East Asia occur. Simultaneously, the effects of the proto-TP uplift are opposite to those of global warming trend during that period. Generally, it leads to a precipitation decrease over subtropical East Asia, but rather minor changes over mid-latitude East Asia. These changes are qualitatively consistent with the deduction based on the geological records, but the magnitudes of the modeled precipitation changes are relatively smaller. Therefore, we can conclude that the subtropical East Asian drying during the mid-Cretaceous can be partly explained by the proto-TP uplift, while the mid-latitude East Asian wetting was partly due to global warming. However, additional factor(s) also played a significant role in the East Asian climate evolution during the mid-Cretaceous.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An earth system governance research agenda for carbon removal (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Carbon dioxide removal (CDR) – the creation, enhancement, and upscaling of carbon sinks – has become a pillar of national and corporate commitments towards Net Zero emissions, as well as pathways towards realizing the Paris Agreement's ambitious temperature targets. In this perspective, we explore CDR as an emerging issue of Earth System Governance (ESG). We draw on the results of a workshop at the 2022 Earth System Governance conference that mapped a range of actors, activities, and issues relevant to carbon removal, and refined them into research questions spanning four intersecting areas: modeling and systems assessment, societal appraisal, policy, and innovation and industry. We filter these questions through the five lenses of the ESG framework and highlight several key ‘cross-cutting’ issues that could form the basis of an integrated ESG research agenda on CDR.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Distribution of copper-binding ligands in Fram Strait and influences from the Greenland Shelf (GEOTRACES GN05) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-12
    Description: Highlights • Cu complexation was measured for the first time in the Fram Strait region. • Cu-binding ligand concentrations and binding strength varied longitudinally in the Fram Strait. • More than 99 % of dCu was organically complexed by strong ligands. • On the Greenland shelf the Transpolar Drift and the coastal processes were the main sources of Cu ligands. Abstract The Fram Strait represents the major gateway of Arctic Ocean waters towards the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean and is a key region to study the impact of climate change on biogeochemical cycles. In the region, information about trace metal speciation, such as copper, is scarce. This manuscript presents the concentrations and conditional stability constants of copper-binding ligands (LCu and log KcondCu2+L) in the water column of Fram Strait and the Greenland shelf (GEOTRACES cruise GN05). Cu-binding ligands were analysed by Competitive Ligand Exchange-Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-ACSV) using salicylaldoxime (SA) as competitive ligand. Based on water masses and the hydrodynamic influences, three provinces were considered (coast, shelf, and Fram Strait) and differences were observed between regions and water masses. The strongest variability was observed in surface waters, with increasing LCu concentrations (mean values: Fram Strait = 2.6 ± 1.0 nM; shelf = 5.2 ± 1.3 nM; coast = 6.4 ± 0.8 nM) and decreasing log KcondCu2+L values (mean values: Fram Strait = 15.7 ± 0.3; shelf = 15.2 ± 0.3; coast = 14.8 ± 0.3) towards the west. The surface LCu concentrations obtained above the Greenland shelf indicate a supply from the coastal environment to the Polar Surface Water (PSW) which is an addition to the ligand exported from the central Arctic to Fram Strait. The significant differences (in terms of LCu and log KcondCu2+L) between shelf and coastal samples were explained considering the processes which modify ligand concentrations and binding strengths, such as biological activity in sea-ice, phytoplankton bloom in surface waters, bacterial degradation, and meltwater discharge from 79NG glacier terminus. Overall, the ligand concentration exceeded those of dissolved Cu (dCu) and kept the free copper (Cu2+) concentrations at femtomolar levels (0.13–21.13 fM). This indicates that Cu2+ toxicity limits were not reached and dCu levels were stabilized in surface waters by organic complexes, which favoured its transport to the Nordic Seas and North Atlantic Ocean and the development of microorganism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Innovative aquaculture cage “Flow2Vortex” ensures a sustainable biomass delivery for low trophic level aquaculture (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-14
    Description: The increasing global demand for seafood, coupled with the limitations of current fish stocks and aquaculture practices, requires the development of sustainable aquaculture solutions. In this context, this study explores the potential of a novel cage technology - Flow2Vortex - for the cultivation of jellyfish, a low-trophic-level organism with increasing market demand. The unique cage design creates a laminar and circular water flow, providing optimal conditions for cultivating fragile planktonic species. Indoor experiments demonstrated the successful growth of jellyfish in the cage, with growth rates of up to 11.6% per day. In addition, field tests in open waters confirmed the cage's ability to maintain a diffuse and controlled flow inside, even under strong external currents. The cage also maintained significantly higher zooplankton concentrations than the surrounding environment, offering a consistent food source for the cultivated jellyfish. These findings highlight the potential of the Flow2Vortex cage for scalable indoor and outdoor cultivation of low-trophic-level organisms, such as jellyfish, contributing to the diversification and sustainability of aquaculture practices.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genetic diversity and population structure of farmed and wild Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Uganda: The potential for aquaculture selection and breeding programs (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-21
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Corrigendum to “Oceanic seismotectonics from regional earthquake recordings: The 4–5°N Mid-Atlantic Ridge” [de Melo, G. W., Mitchell, N. C., Zahradnik, J., Dias, F., & do Nascimento, A. F. (2021). Tectonophysics, 819, 229063]. (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Economic impact disharmony in global biological invasions (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-22
    Description: Highlights • More diverse non-native taxa generally include more economically costly species. • Chordates, nematodes and pathogens are among significantly over-represented taxa. • Monetary cost magnitude links positively to numbers of costly invasive species. • Costs are biased towards a few ‘hyper-costly’ invasive species groups. • Future invasion rates will continue to harbour new economically costly species. Abstract A dominant syndrome of the Anthropocene is the rapid worldwide spread of invasive species with devastating environmental and socio-economic impacts. However, the dynamics underlying the impacts of biological invasions remain contested. A hypothesis posits that the richness of impactful invasive species increases proportionally with the richness of non-native species more generally. A competing hypothesis suggests that certain species features disproportionately enhance the chances of non-native species becoming impactful, causing invasive species to arise disproportionately relative to the numbers of non-native species. We test whether invasive species with reported monetary costs reflect global numbers of established non-native species among phyla, classes, and families. Our results reveal that numbers of invasive species with economic costs largely reflect non-native species richness among taxa (i.e., in 96 % of families). However, a few costly taxa were over- and under-represented, and their composition differed among environments and regions. Chordates, nematodes, and pathogenic groups tended to be the most over-represented phyla with reported monetary costs, with mammals, insects, fungi, roundworms, and medically-important microorganisms being over-represented classes. Numbers of costly invasive species increased significantly with non-native richness per taxon, while monetary cost magnitudes at the family level were also significantly related to costly invasive species richness. Costs were biased towards a few ‘hyper-costly’ taxa (such as termites, mosquitoes, cats, weevils, rodents, ants, and asters). Ordination analysis revealed significant dissimilarity between non-native and costly invasive taxon assemblages. These results highlight taxonomic groups which harbour disproportionately high numbers of costly invasive species and monetary cost magnitudes. Collectively, our findings support prevention of arrival and containment of spread of non-native species as a whole through effective strategies for mitigation of the rapidly amplifying impacts of invasive species. Yet, the hyper- costly taxa identified here should receive greater focus from managers to reduce impacts of current invasive species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Pauzhetka tephra (South Kamchatka): A key middle Pleistocene isochron for the Northwest Pacific and Okhotsk Sea sediments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Highlights: • Ca. 418 ka Pauzhetka tephra from South Kamchatka was found in 11 marine sediment cores. • New major and trace element analyses allow identification of tephra glasses. • K/Ti and K/Fe maxima mark the Pauzhetka tephra presence in marine sediments. • The tephra occurs at Marine Isotope Stages 12 to 11c and below the Bermuda excursion. • The revised ash dispersal covers vast areas in the NW Pacific and Okhotsk Sea. Abstract: The distal Pauzhetka tephra, formed by a large caldera-forming volcanic eruption in South Kamchatka, has been identified in eleven recently recovered marine sediment cores based on major and trace element compositions of tephra glass. Ten SO264 cores form a transect along the Emperor Seamount Chain (ESC) in the Northwest (NW) Pacific between ∼50.3° and ∼45°N, 800–1200 km southeast of the Pauzhetka caldera. One additional core LV28-41-4 was retrieved in the Okhotsk Sea, ∼600 km west of the caldera. The Pauzhetka tephra glass shards have a characteristic medium-K rhyolite composition and trace element content compatible with the rear-arc position of the source volcano that ensures their identification. In the NW Pacific SO264 cores, the tephra is preserved as layers in cores 33, 47, 49, 53, 55, 56 and 62, as a lens in core 45, and as cryptotephra in cores 57 and 66. It forms a cryptotephra in the Okhotsk Sea core LV28-41-4. Distinctively high XRF-retrieved K/Ti and K/Fe ratios compared to those for the host sediments help identify the Pauzhetka tephra. According to our refined stable oxygen isotope (δ18O)- and magneto-stratigraphy of two studied and two reference cores, the Pauzhetka tephra occurs within a local δ18O maximum during a transition from marine isotope stage 12 to 11c (Termination V) and below a paleointensity minimum referred to as the Bermuda excursion, at ca. 418 ka. Using the tephra age as an isochron, we show that average linear sedimentation rates decrease southward along a transect of the SO264 cores, except in core 55. It partially reflects an intensification of mid-depth currents causing winnowing, erosion or non-deposition along the ESC over the past 418 kyr. An increased linear sedimentation rate in core 55, recovered from the southern leeward side of the Minnetonka Seamount, appears to record the pelagic accumulation protected from the mid-depth current influence. Our findings expand the former ash dispersal area farther southeast in the NW Pacific and southwest in the Okhotsk Sea. The new data on the tephra thickness supports the axis direction of the fallout zone southeast of the Pauzhetka caldera. Our results suggest the Pauzhetka tephra as a key middle Pleistocene isochron for the stratigraphy and correlation of the NW Pacific and Okhotsk Sea sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An Amphibole Perspective on the Recent Magmatic Evolution of Mount St. Helens (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-23
    Description: Compositional variations of amphibole stratigraphically recovered from multiple eruptions at a given volcano have a great potential to archive long-term magmatic processes in its crustal plumbing system. Calcic amphibole is a ubiquitous yet chemically and texturally diverse mineral at Mount St. Helens (MSH), where it occurs in dacites and in co-magmatic enclaves throughout the Spirit Lake stage (last ~4000 years of eruptive history). It forms three populations with distinct geochemical trends in key major and trace elements, which are subdivided into a high-Al (11–14.5 wt% Al2O3), a medium-Al (10–12.5 wt% Al2O3), and a low-Al (7.5–10 wt% Al2O3) amphibole population. The oldest investigated tephra record (Smith Creek period, 3900–3300 years BP) yields a bimodal amphibole distribution in which lower-crustal, high-Al amphibole cores (crystallized dominantly from basaltic andesite to andesite melts) and upper-crustal, low-Al amphibole rims (crystallized from rhyolitic melt) document occasional recharge of a shallow silicic mush by a more mafic melt from a lower-crustal reservoir. The sudden appearance of medium-Al amphiboles enriched in incompatible trace elements in eruptive periods younger than 2900 years BP is associated with a change in reservoir conditions toward hotter and drier magmas, which indicates recharge of the shallow silicic reservoir by basaltic melt enriched in incompatible elements. Deep-crystallizing, high-Al amphibole, however, appears mostly unaffected by such incompatible-element-enriched basaltic recharge, suggesting that these basalts bypass the lower crustal reservoir. This could be the result of the eastward offset position of the lower crustal reservoir relative to the upper crustal storage zone underneath the MSH edifice. Amphibole has proven to be a sensitive geochemical archive for uncovering storage conditions of magmas at MSH. In agreement with geophysical observations, storage and differentiation have occurred in two main zones: an upper crustal and lower crustal reservoir (the lower one being chemically less evolved). The upper crustal silicic reservoir, offset to the west of the lower crustal reservoir, has captured compositionally unusual mafic recharge (drier, hotter, and enriched in incompatible trace elements in comparison to the typical parental magmas in the region), resulting in an increased chemical diversity of amphiboles and their carrier intermediate magmas, in the last ~3000 years of MSH’s volcanic record.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Introduction of isotopically light barium from the Rainbow hydrothermal system into the deep Atlantic Ocean (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-29
    Description: Highlights • Negligible Ba removal observed in the Rainbow hydrothermal system. • Insignificant modification of Ba isotope composition of the vent fluid endmember. • Rainbow vent introduces isotopically light Ba (−0.17) to the deep Atlantic Ocean. • Hydrothermal inputs contribute 4.6 ± 2.2 Gmol/yr Ba to the ocean. Abstract The marine barium (Ba) cycle is closely connected to the short-timescale carbon cycle, and Ba serves as a valuable paleo proxy for export production, ocean alkalinity, and terrestrial inputs. However, the marine Ba budget is poorly constrained, particularly regarding the fluxes of hydrothermally sourced Ba, which hinders our understanding of the Ba cycle and use of Ba-based proxies. Recent studies have suggested a modern source-sink imbalance of Ba isotopes in the global ocean, with sources being overall isotopically heavier than the sinks, and the hydrothermal Ba inputs were considered isotopically heavy sources. In this study, we present the first investigation of Ba and its isotopes in a non-buoyant hydrothermal plume based on dissolved and particulate samples collected from the Rainbow hydrothermal vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Our data reveal strong hydrothermal signals at near-field stations, as evidenced by helium isotopes, accompanied by elevated concentrations of dissolved and particulate Ba. Dissolved Ba isotope compositions (δ138Ba) in hydrothermally influenced deep waters (∼0.3 ) are lighter than at similar depths of far-field stations (∼0.45 ) in the Atlantic Ocean. The concentrations and isotopic compositions of dissolved and labile particulate Ba in the non-buoyant hydrothermal plume can be explained by conservative mixing between a Ba-enriched hydrothermal component and North Atlantic Deep Water. By extrapolating the correlations to the vent fluid endmember, our results suggest that there is negligible removal of Ba, and insignificant modification of Ba isotopic signatures, from the vent fluid endmember to the non-buoyant hydrothermal plume. This indicates that the Rainbow hydrothermal system introduces isotopically light Ba (−0.17 ± 0.05 ) to the deep Atlantic Ocean. We estimate that global hydrothermal inputs of Ba are 4.6 ± 2.2 Gmol/yr. These observations highlight the potential of hydrothermal Ba to be an isotopically light source component of the marine Ba isotope budget.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: other
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The effects of primary and secondary bacterial exposure on the seahorse (Hippocampus erectus) immune response (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-01
    Description: Highlights: • Transcriptomic immune response assessments in seahorse (Hippocampus erectus). • Seahorses exposed in two phases to heat-killed Vibrio and Tenacibaculum strains. • Adaptive immune memory evidence (double-exposed) and increased naivety to Tenacibaculum. • Upregulated gene expression pertaining to potential innate ‘trained immunity’. • Trained immunity potential compensator for deduced MHC II loss of function. Evolutionary adaptations in the Syngnathidae teleost family (seahorses, pipefish and seadragons) culminated in an array of spectacular morphologies, key immune gene losses, and the enigmatic male pregnancy. In seahorses, genome modifications associated with immunoglobulins, complement, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC II) pathway components raise questions concerning their immunological efficiency and the evolution of compensatory measures that may act in their place. In this investigation heat-killed bacteria (Vibrio aestuarianus and Tenacibaculum maritimum) were used in a two-phased experiment to assess the immune response dynamics of Hippocampus erectus. Gill transcriptomes from double and single-exposed individuals were analysed in order to determine the differentially expressed genes contributing to immune system responses towards immune priming. Double-exposed individuals exhibited a greater adaptive immune response when compared with single-exposed individuals, while single-exposed individuals, particularly with V. aestuarianus replicates, associated more with the innate branch of the immune system. T. maritimum double-exposed replicates exhibited the strongest immune reaction, likely due to their immunological naivety towards the bacterium, while there are also potential signs of innate trained immunity. MHC II upregulated expression was identified in selected V. aestuarianus-exposed seahorses, in the absence of other pathway constituents suggesting a possible alternative or non-classical MHC II immune function in seahorses. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis highlighted prominent angiogenesis activity following secondary exposure, which could be linked to an adaptive immune process in seahorses. This investigation highlights the prominent role of T-cell mediated adaptive immune responses in seahorses when exposed to sequential foreign bacteria exposures. If classical MHC II pathway function has been lost, innate trained immunity in syngnathids could be a potential compensatory mechanism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Properties influencing flux and diatom uptake of mercury and methylmercury from estuarine sediments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Highlights • Mercury methylation in sediment rapidly transported into water and diatoms. • CH3Hg flux was highest for sediments with higher sulfide and organic content. • Mineral and compressed sediment released minor Hg and CH3Hg. • Higher sediment Hg species flux does not correlate with high sediment content. • Stable isotope incubations provide substantial insight to environmental Hg cycling. Abstract Mercury (Hg) is a conspicuous and persistent global pollutant. Ionic Hg can be methylated into noxious methylmercury (CH3Hg), which biomagnifies in marine tropic webs and poses a health risk to humans and organisms. Sediment Hg methylation rates are variable, and the output flux of created CH3Hg are dependent on sediment characteristics and environmental factors. Thus, uncertainties remain about the formation and flux of CH3Hg from sediment, and how this could contribute to the bioaccumulative burden for coastal organisms in shallow ecosystems. Cores were collected from 3 estuarine locations along the Eastern USA to examine how sediments characteristics influence the introduction of Hg and CH3Hg into the base of the food chain. Stable isotopes of inorganic 200Hg and CH3199Hg were injected into sediments of individual cores, with cultured diatoms constrained to overlying waters. Five different treatments were done on duplicate cores, spiked with: (1) no Hg isotopes (control); (2) inorganic 200Hg; (3) CH3199Hg; (4) both 200Hg and CH3199Hg isotopes, (5) both 200Hg and CH3199Hg into overlying waters (not sediment). Experimental cores were incubated for 3 days under temperature and light controlled conditions. These results demonstrate that upper sediments characteristics lead to high variability in Hg cycling. Notably, sediments which contained abundant and peaty organic material (∼28 %LOI), had the highest pore water DOC (3206 μM) and displayed bands of sulfur reducing bacteria yielded the greatest methylation rate (1.97 % day−1) and subsequent diatom uptake of CH3200Hg (cell quota 0.18 amol/cell) in the overlying water.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The rise, fall and rebirth of ocean carbon sequestration as a climate 'solution' (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: Highlights • Solutions to the climate crisis are not ahistorical. • Both social and technical processes explain their rise (or fall) on the agenda. • Thinking about ocean CDR closely co-evolved with scientific understandings of global climate change. • Ocean CDR methods have followed cycles of hype, controversy and disappointment. • Key sociotechnical configurations and narrative changes explain the new hype around ocean CDR. Abstract While the ocean has long been portrayed as a victim of climate change, threatened by ocean warming and acidification, it is now increasingly framed as a key solution to the climate crisis. In particular, the promising carbon sequestration potential of the ocean is being emphasised. In this paper, we seek to historicise the practices, discourses and actors that have constructed the ocean as a climate change solution space. We conceptualise the debate about the mitigation potential of the ocean as a contested site of governance, where varying actors form alliances and different sociotechnical narratives about climate action play out. Using an innovative quali-quantitative methodology which combines scientometrics with document analysis, observational fieldwork, and interviews, we outline three historical phases in the history of ocean carbon sequestration that follow recurring cycles of hype, controversy and disappointment. We argue that the most recent hype around ocean carbon sequestration was not triggered by a technological breakthrough or a reduction in scientific uncertainty, but by new socio-technical configurations and coalitions. We conclude by showing that how climate change solutions are put on the agenda and become legitimised is both a scientific and political process, linked to how science frames the climate crisis, and ultimately, its governance.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Co-occurrence of native and invasive macroalgae might be facilitated under global warming (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-04
    Description: Climate change is driving compositional shifts in ecological communities directly by affecting species and indirectly through changes in species interactions. For example, competitive hierarchies can be inversed when competitive dominants are more susceptible to climate change. The brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus is a foundation species in the Baltic Sea, experiencing novel interactions with the invasive red seaweed Gracilaria vermiculophylla, which is known for its high tolerance to environmental stress. We investigated the direct and interactive effects of warming and co-occurrence of the two algal species on their performance, by applying four climate change-relevant temperature scenarios: 1) cooling ) 2 °C below ambient – representing past conditions), 2) ambient summer temperature (18 °C), 3) IPCC RCP2.6 warming scenario (1 °C above ambient), and 4) RCP8.5 warming (3 °C above ambient) for 30 days and two compositional levels (mono and co-cultured algae) in a fully-crossed design. The RCP8.5 warming scenario increased photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrients' uptake rates of mono- and co-cultured G. vermiculophylla while growth was reduced. An increase in photosynthesis and essential nutrients' uptake and, at the same time, a growth reduction might result from increasing stress and energy demand of G. vermiculophylla under warming. In contrast, the growth of mono-cultured F. vesiculosus significantly increased in the highest warming treatment (+3 °C). The cooling treatment (−2 °C) exerted a slight negative effect only on co-cultured F. vesiculosus photosynthesis, compared to the ambient treatment. Interestingly, at ambient and warming (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios) treatments, both F. vesiculosus and G. vermiculophylla appear to benefit from the presence of each other. Our results suggest that short exposure of F. vesiculosus to moderate or severe global warming scenarios may not directly affect or even slightly enhance its performance, while G. vermiculophylla net performance (growth) could be directly hampered by warming.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Characterization and future projection of marine heatwaves under climate change in the South China Sea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-08
    Description: Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are widely recognized as prolonged periods of significantly elevated sea surface temperatures, leading to substantial adverse impacts on marine ecosystems. However, a comprehensive understanding of their characteristics and potential changes under climate change in the South China Sea (SCS, 0 ∼ 25°N, 105 ∼ 125°E) remains insufficient. Here, utilizing the OISST V2.0 reanalysis dataset, our study first examines MHW characteristics and their trends in the SCS during the historical period (1982 ∼ 2014). Then, in accordance with the criteria established in this study, GFDL-ESM4, EC-Earth3-Veg, NESM3, EC-Earth3, and GFDL-CM4 are identified from the CMIP6 ensemble of 19 models for their enhanced simulations of historical MHW characteristics. Moreover, considering that the fixed and sliding threshold methods offer distinct perspectives on the future evolution of MHWs, we employ both approaches to evaluate MHW characteristics under projected scenarios for the future period (2015 ∼ 2100) and subsequently compare the disparities between the two methodologies. The outcomes obtained using these methods consistently indicate that MHWs in the SCS are anticipated to intensify and persist for longer durations in the future. Besides, addressing seasonal variability, the peak intensity of MHWs falls in May during both the historical period and the four projected future scenarios. This study provides valuable insights into the behavior of MHWs in the SCS within the context of climate change, underscoring the urgency of adopting effective mitigation strategies. Especially, the use of two definition methods provides a more comprehensive set of information for understanding the future changes of MHWs in the SCS.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Genetic diversity of the Atacama Desert shrub Huidobria chilensis in the context of geography and climate (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-18
    Description: Highlights: • Huidobria chilensis is an endemic shrub distributed in the south of the Atacama Desert with a disjunct population at the northern coast. • Population and genetic structure correlate with geographic distance and geological factors. • Rain fall and fog, as well as ground water, must be regarded as important factors for populations at the coast and the Andean valleys, respectively. • A combination of different software tool to analyze GBS data allowed a good understanding of the population structure and genetic diversity. Abstract: Survival in hyperarid deserts is a major challenge for life in general and for plants in particular. The Atacama Desert presents harsh conditions such as limited rainfall, crusted soils, high soil salinity, high altitude, and intense solar radiation. These conditions, together with paleoclimatic variations over the last 10 million years, have influenced the genetic structure and connectivity of plant populations, resulting in a diverse flora with high endemism. However, the diversification of most lineages appears to be relatively recent, in contrast to the reported age of the Atacama Desert and the onset and expansion of hyperarid conditions since the late Oligocene and early Miocene. A prominent exception is Huidobria chilensis (Loasaceae), which is thought to be endemic to the Atacama since the Eocene. However, it is still not understood why this plant has been successful in adapting to the harshening environmental conditions. To investigate its genetic structure in relation to the history of the Atacama Desert, we studied 186 individuals from 11 populations using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). A total of nearly 56 k genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed for population structure and genetic diversity. We identified four genetic clusters corresponding to geographic regions: the coastal region south of Tocopilla, the Cordillera de la Costa around Chañaral, and the Copiapó catchment 1 and 2. Genetic diversity within and between these clusters was analyzed along with rainfall, altitude, and landscape data. Although the genetic data support `isolation by distance’ as a major factor for genetic divergence between populations, the study also reveals the influence of topography on the distribution of H. chilensis and highlights the role of hydrologically connected watersheds and rivers in plant migration and colonization. This shapes the species' evolutionary trajectory and genetic diversity. Understanding these patterns in H chilensis lets one draw general conclusions about adaptation and survival strategies of plants in extreme desert environments such as the Atacama.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Niche width and overlap of benthic invertebrates in surf zones increase with distance from the estuarine source of organic matter (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Highlights: • Microphytobenthos contributed to the particulate organic matter in both beaches. • Allochthonous materials provide relevant contributions to the POM in surf zones. • Estuarine subsidies' availability determines changes in consumers' isotopic niches. • Higher estuarine trophic subsidies resulted in narrower niches of dominant species. Abstract: Benthic invertebrates in the surf zone of exposed sandy beaches represent important links for energy circulation between benthic and pelagic food webs. This work assesses the trophic ecology of co-occurring epi- and hyper-benthic invertebrates inhabiting the surf zone of sandy beaches located close to an estuarine mouth. It illustrates that different sources of organic matter induce changes in resource utilization. The trophic positions, and the niche width and overlap of species were described using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis. The contribution of different sources to the particulate organic matter was quantified through stable isotopes analysis and fatty acids profiles. Shifts in the trophic niches of dominant species reflected a decrease in the contribution of estuarine carbon to the diets along the coast. This change in contribution of estuarine carbon also influenced trophic niche properties: more diverse resources availability resulted in narrower niches without overlap while less diverse resources resulted in broad isotopic niches and a highest overlap. Results show that spatial variations in the availability of resources can modify carbon pathways and trophic interactions in coastal food webs. Whenever resources are abundant, species display a more specialized diet while food scarcity leads to broader diets, a pattern consistent with the optimal foraging theory. This resource maximization behavior commonly observed in nature is also occurring in surf zone ecosystems.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Spatial and temporal variations in the micronutrient Fe across the Peruvian shelf from 1984-2017 (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: High dissolved iron (dFe) concentrations of the order of 10-100 nmol L-1 are a feature of waters influenced by sedimentary inputs in oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). However, the temporal development of dFe concentrations is poorly defined due to a general reliance on snapshot cross-shelf sections to study marine trace metal dynamics. Multiple cruise campaigns since the 1980s have investigated Fe dynamics over the Peruvian shelf, particularly between 9-17°S where the shelf is broad, extremely productive and known to feature benthic dFe effluxes which are amongst the highest measured globally. This extensive long-term dataset uniquely allows us to study the interannual variability in dFe concentrations and their response to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. By combining data from 11 cruises during the period 1984-2017 we are able to evaluate dFe dynamics on interannual timescales in a major OMZ. The region where average dFe concentrations are sensitive to variations in ENSO is confined to a subsurface layer at depths between 50-150 m, particularly in the narrow coastal region within 50 km of the coastline. Subsurface dFe concentrations were generally low during El Niño events (0.7-15.4 nmol L-1) and relatively high with a wider range of variability during the cold ENSO phase (1.1-52.1 nmol L-1). Inverse relationships between wind speed and surface/subsurface dFe were evident. In the subsurface layer, this may be attributable to enhanced dFe offshore transport along isopycnals when upwelling-favorable winds relax in accordance with previously outlined theories. Surface layer (〈40 m) dFe variability was likely associated with a dilution and/or oxidation effect depending on the strength of wind driven water column mixing. Upwelling brings macronutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone, but its intensity had a limited impact on upper layer dFe concentrations possibly due to the influence of an onshore geostrophic flow. Interannual variability in surface chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was found to correlate with dFe concentration in the offshore zone of northern Peru. This is consistent with bioassay experiments and climatological residual nitrate concentrations which both indicate proximal Fe limitation of phytoplankton growth over and beyond the northern Peruvian shelf. Overall, our work highlights the importance of physical factors driving short-term variations in Fe availability in one of the world’s most economically important fishery regions and suggests that, despite pronounced spatial and temporal variability in dFe concentrations, the ENSO phase has an impact on dFe availability.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Advanced underwater image restoration in complex illumination conditions (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Underwater image restoration has been a challenging problem for decades since the advent of underwater photography. Most solutions focus on shallow water scenarios, where the scene is uniformly illuminated by the sunlight. However, the vast majority of uncharted underwater terrain is located beyond 200 meters depth where natural light is scarce and artificial illumination is needed. In such cases, light sources co-moving with the camera, dynamically change the scene appearance, which make shallow water restoration methods inadequate. In particular for multi-light source systems (composed of dozens of LEDs nowadays), calibrating each light is time-consuming, error-prone and tedious, and we observe that only the integrated illumination within the viewing volume of the camera is critical, rather than the individual light sources. The key idea of this paper is therefore to exploit the appearance changes of objects or the seafloor, when traversing the viewing frustum of the camera. Through new constraints assuming Lambertian surfaces, corresponding image pixels constrain the light field in front of the camera, and for each voxel a signal factor and a backscatter value are stored in a volumetric grid that can be used for very efficient image restoration of camera-light platforms, which facilitates consistently texturing large 3D models and maps that would otherwise be dominated by lighting and medium artifacts. To validate the effectiveness of our approach, we conducted extensive experiments on simulated and real-world datasets. The results of these experiments demonstrate the robustness of our approach in restoring the true albedo of objects, while mitigating the influence of lighting and medium effects. Furthermore, we demonstrate our approach can be readily extended to other scenarios, including in-air imaging with artificial illumination or other similar cases.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Degradation and accumulation of organic matter in euxinic surface sediments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The impact of oxygen on the preservation of organic matter in marine surface sediments is still controversial. We revisited this long-standing debate by determining the burial efficiency of sedimentary organic matter in the Black Sea, the largest anoxic and euxinic basin in the modern ocean. Surface sediments were sampled in the Danube paleodelta on the northwestern margin of the Black Sea at 420–1550 m water depth. Steady-state modeling of solid species (particulate organic carbon and nitrogen) and solutes (ammonium, sulfate, and total alkalinity) in sediments was performed to quantify rates of mass accumulation, particulate organic matter (POM) degradation, and POM burial. We develop a novel analytical model to quantify these rates applying an inverse modelling approach to down core data accounting for molecular diffusion, sediment burial and compaction. Our model results indicate that 56.7 ± 6.6 % of the particulate organic matter deposited in the study area is not degraded in surface sediments but accumulates below 10 cm sediment depth. This burial efficiency is substantially higher than those previously derived for seafloor areas underlying oxygenated bottom waters. Hence, our study confirms previous studies showing that euxinic bottom water conditions promote the preservation of particulate organic matter in marine sediments.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Variations in isoprenoid tetraether lipids through the water column of the Western Pacific Ocean: Implications for sedimentary TEX86 records (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The TetraEther indeX of 86 carbon atoms (TEX86) is widely used as a proxy to reconstruct past sea surface temperatures. Most current applications of TEX86 are primarily based on analyzing the composition of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (isoGDGTs) that comprise TEX86 in sediments, with the assumption that the sedimentary isoGDGTs are mainly derived from the surface mixed layer. Here we report on the variations in the isoGDGT distribution, archaeal abundance and community through the water column of the Western Pacific Ocean, directly testing the export depth of isoGDGTs and constraining the temperature records of TEX86. Our data show that maximum isoGDGT concentrations occurred in subsurface waters (150–200 m) with maximum archaeal abundances. The ratio between isoGDGTs bearing 2 vs. 3 cyclopentane moieties, i.e. [2/3] ratio, increased with depth, which is likely related to the shift of the archaeal community from Ca. Nitrosopelagicus-dominance to norank_f__Nitrosopumilaceae-dominance. Models based on the [2/3] ratios in the water column predicted an average export depth of isoGDGTs to sediments of around 150–200 m, consistent with the robust relationship between the compiled sedimentary TEX86 and the annual mean subsurface temperature. Taken together, our findings support that TEX86 records subsurface rather than surface temperatures in the open ocean.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New Technologies for Monitoring and Upscaling Marine Ecosystem Restoration in Deep-Sea Environments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Surface ocean biogeochemistry and deep ocean circulation control relationships between nutrient-type trace metals (Cd, Ni, Cu, and Zn) and nutrients in the South Atlantic Ocean near the subtropical front (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: The ocean region along the latitude of 40oS in the South Atlantic, characterized by enhanced primary productivity, forms a transition zone between the nutrient replete but iron depleted Southern Ocean, and the nitrate and iron depleted Subtropical Gyre. Here, we present distributions of nutrient-type dissolved and particulate trace metals (dTMs and pTMs) including cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the South Atlantic from the GEOTRACES GA10 cruises. Phytoplankton uptake, riverine and atmospheric inputs shaped dTM and pTM concentrations in surface waters (dCd 27.8±36.0 pmol kg-1, n=222; dCu 0.732±0.429 nmol kg-1, n=222; dNi 3.38±0.52 nmol kg-1, n=219; dZn 0.332±0.398 nmol kg-1, n=214). Subsurface nutrients and dTMs (dCd 563±184 pmol kg-1, n=335; dCu 1.819±0.773 nmol kg-1, n=334; dNi 6.19±1.06 nmol kg-1, n=330; dZn 3.71±2.10 nmol kg-1, n=333) were controlled by the mixing of Antarctic origin waters and North Atlantic Deep Waters (NADW) with negligible contributions from local remineralization. Dissolved and particulate TMs in the Argentine Basin showed elevated concentrations towards the seafloor because of benthic inputs. Direct hydrothermal inputs of dTMs and pTMs to deep waters were not observed along the transect. The Cd-Cu-Zn-phosphate stoichiometries of Antarctic origin waters were set by a combination of dynamic physical circulation and preferential uptake of Cd, Cu, and Zn relative to phosphate in surface waters because of a dominance by diatoms in the Southern Ocean. Water mass mixing subsequently produced convoluted dCu-P and dZn-P relationships and apparent linear dCd-P and dNi-P relationships in the South Atlantic. More importantly, endmember characteristics of Antarctic waters and NADW are largely fixed in their formation regions in high latitude oceans. Therefore, the highly dynamic high latitude oceans are key regions that supply nutrients and TMs at specific ratios to low latitude oceans via the thermohaline circulation. Changes to processes in the high latitude oceans may have consequences for marine primary productivity downstream, and hence the global carbon cycle.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Assessment of Porites microatolls for paleothermometry: Calibration for French Polynesia (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-25
    Description: Highlights • Investigation into the potential of Porites microatolls for SST reconstruction. • Comparison between recent and more conventional coral paleoclimatology methods. • Application of Srsingle bondU and Li/Mg paleothermometer. • Accuracy and reproducibility of Sr/Ca proved to be the most suitable proxy for SST reconstruction. Abstract Massive dome-shaped coral Porites are the predominant choice for paleoclimate studies due to their consistent and reliable growth. When growing close to sea level, they become limited in their vertical growth and form so-called ‘microatolls’. Microatolls have not yet been extensively explored for paleoclimate reconstruction. Here, we investigate how reliable modern Porites microatolls are against empirical sea-surface temperature using Sr/Ca, δ18O, Li/Mg and Srsingle bondU paleothermometry methods on samples from the Society Islands, French Polynesia. Our results show Sr/Ca ratios have the lowest Standard Error of the Inverse Prediction (SEIP) at 0.415 °C (N = 41) with a calibration of Sr/Ca (mmol mol−1) = −0.082 ± 0.006 SST (°C) + 11.256 ± 0.170 and with high reproducibility across multiple corals. The reproducibility of δ18O was less good, with SEIP increasing to 0.829 °C (N = 41). Considering methods directly from the literature, Li/Mg ratio empirically corrected for Sr/Ca had the best balance between bias and precision where no local calibration could be available. This study independently evaluates and confirms the suitability of Porites microatolls from well-flushed environments for paleoclimate studies. Fossil dome-shaped Porites grow anywhere between near-surface and roughly 20 m depths which inherently incorporates uncertainty into any sea surface temperature reconstruction. This uncertainty is significantly reduced for microatolls due to their well-constrained bathymetry. The study represents a fundamental step in paleoclimate research targeting consistently near the water-air interface bringing reliability and, especially when combined with their ability to reconstruct past sea-level changes, microatolls have the potential to be central for future paleoenvironmental studies.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Implications of ocean acidification on micronutrient elements-iron, copper and zinc, and their primary biological impacts: A review (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This review has been undertaken to understand the effectiveness of ocean acidification on oceanic micronutrient metal cycles (iron, copper and zinc) and its potential impacts on marine biota. Ocean acidification will slow down the oxidation of Fe(II) thereby retarding Fe(III) formation and subsequent hydrolysis/precipitation leading to an increase in iron bioavailability. Further, the increased primary production sustains enzymatic bacteria assisted Fe(III) reduction and subsequently the binding of weaker ligands favours the dissociation of free Fe(II) ions, thus increasing the bioavailability. The increasing pCO2 condition increases the bioavailability of copper ions by decreasing the availability of free CO32− ligand concentration. The strong complexation by dissolved organic matter may decrease the bioavailable iron and zinc ion concentration. Since ocean acidification affects the bioavailability of essential metals, studies on the uptake rates of these elements by phytoplankton should be carried out to reveal the future scenario and its effect on natural environment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Noble gases in groundwater reflect wet-season temperature in an arid, monsoonal, and mountainous environment (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Highlights • Present day infiltration conditions in an monsoonal environment are studied. • Noble gas concentrations in groundwater are fixed near the soil surface. • Noble gas temperatures represent seasonal infiltration conditions in the monsoon. • Holocene and modern infiltration conditions are quite similar in southern Oman. Abstract Comparing directly measured soil temperatures with noble gas recharge temperatures (NGTs) inferred from noble gas concentrations indicates that the infiltrating soil water equilibrates with soil air near the soil surface during the rainy season. Therefore, NGTs of groundwater recently recharged by the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) in the Dhofar Mountains in southern Oman reflect the soil temperatures of the 3-month period and do not represent an annual mean. This finding highlights the need to account for seasonality when interpreting NGT data in regions with pronounced dry and wet seasons. We extend the observations from the southern flank of the Dhofar Mountains to three wells situated on the northern flank of the Dhofar Mountains. Two of these wells yield water of Holocene age that was recharged by the monsoon, their NGT signals are therefore classified as seasonal. The NGT calculated from a third well for recharge conditions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), when the ISM was absent, is approximately 3 °C lower than that of the two Holocene wells. The lower LGM noble gas temperature corresponds well with the lower annual Sea Surface Temperature (SST) in the nearby Arabian Sea. NGTs from published studies from northern Oman are 1–3 °C higher when compared with our data of the same period in the southern Oman. We explain this regional difference of reconstructed temperatures for the LGM and Holocene groundwater with a more continental climatic influence on the infiltration conditions further to the north. The published NGTs from northern Oman show a large temperature difference between the late Holocene and the LGM. In view of our finding of seasonal NGT signals under monsoonal climate, part of this difference may reflect a change in the precipitation regime rather than in air temperature.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Numerical analysis of the dynamic gas hydrate system and multiple BSRs in the Danube paleo-delta, Black Sea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Highlights • This study simulates the sedimentation-driven development of multiple stacked BSRs in the Danube paleo-delta, Black Sea. • Formation of multiple BSRs in the Black Sea is controlled by the sequence of sedimentation events of the levees induced by sea-level changes. • Kinetics of phase transitions plays a key role in the coexistence, location, and timing of the multiple BSRs. • Development of multiple stacked BSRs is possible only under a narrow range of parameters, unique for the Danube delta setting. Abstract The gas hydrate stability zone (GHSZ) is defined by pressure-temperature-salinity (pTS) constraints of natural gas hydrate (GH) system. It refers to a depth interval which usually extends several hundred meters into the sediment column at sufficient water depths. The lower boundary of the GHSZ often coincides in seismic reflection data with a bottom simulating reflector (BSR), which indicates the transition between the underlying free gas and the overlying no-free gas zone at the thermodynamic stability boundary. The GHSZ in geological systems is dynamic and can shift in response to sedimentation processes and/or changes in environmental conditions such as bottom water temperatures, hydrostatic pressure, and water salinity. The appearance of multiple BSRs has been interpreted as remnants of former GHSZ shifts which have persisted over geological timescales. In this study, we numerically simulate the sedimentation-driven development of multiple stacked BSRs in the Danube deep-sea fan in the Black Sea. We show that in this dynamic sediment depositional regime sufficient amounts of residual gas remain trapped in the former GHSZ, given sufficiently high initial gas hydrate saturations, so that paleo-BSRs could persist over long time scales (similar to 300 kyr). In particular, the formation and persistence of multiple BSRs in the Danube Delta is controlled by the sequence of sedimentation events of the levees induced by sea-level change. The kinetics of methane phase transitions between gas hydrate, dissolved methane, and free gas plays a key role in the coexistence, location and timing of the multiple BSRs. Thus, For a given permeability, distinct multiple BSRs appear only for a narrow range of GH formation (10(-14) 〈 k(f) [mol/m(2) Pa s] 〈= 10(-12)) and dissociation rates (10(-16) 〈 k(d) [mol/m(2) Pa s] 〈 10(-14)).
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The decline of kilkas, sturgeons and seals in the Caspian Sea: The potential of qualitative loop analysis for the cumulative assessment of multiple drivers of stress (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Multiple stressors often act concomitantly on ecosystems but detection of species responses follows the “single species-single driver” strategy, and cumulative impacts are seldom considered. During 1990–2010, multiple perturbations in the Caspian Sea, led to the decline of kilka, sturgeon and Caspian seal populations. Specific causes for their collapse were identified but a cumulative assessment has never been carried out. Using loop analysis, a qualitative modelling technique suitable in poor-data contexts, we show how multiple drivers can be combined to assess their cumulative impact. We confirm that the decline of kilka, sturgeon and Caspian seal populations is compatible with a net effect of the concomitant perturbations. Kilkas collapse was certainly due to the outburst of M. leidyi and overfishing. In addition, the excess nutrient might have conspired to reduce these populations. The interplay between concurrent drivers produces trade-offs between opposite effects and ecosystem management must face this challenge
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mid-Miocene silicic explosive volcanism of the Tokaj Mts., eastern-central Europe: Eruption chronology, geochemical fingerprints and petrogenesis (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-03
    Description: Highlights • Four rhyolitic explosive eruption events were distinguished from 13.1 Ma to 11.6 Ma. • Silicic volcanism occurred at termination of subduction in a thinning lithosphere. • Rhyolites show extreme magma differentiation and reduced-dry character. • Zircon trace element and Hf isotope fingerprint is an effective correlation tool. Abstract The Tokaj Mts. volcanism occurred in a thinning continental lithosphere regime at the final stage of the subduction process. Using high-precision zircon U-Pb dating, four major explosive eruption events were distinguished. Among them the 13.1 Ma Sátoraljaújhely and the 12.0 Ma Szerencs eruptions could have yielded large amount of volcanic material (possibly 〉 100 km3) and they were associated with caldera collapse as shown by the several hundred-metre-thick pyroclastic deposits and the long (〉100 km) runout pyroclastic flow in case of the 13.1 Ma eruption. The 12.3 Ma Hegyköz and the 11.6 Ma Vizsoly eruptions were relatively smaller. The volcanic products can be readily distinguished by zircon and glass trace elements and trace element ratios, which can be used for fingerprinting and to correlate with distal deposits. The Rb, Ba, Sr content and strong negative Eu-anomaly of the glasses reflect extreme crystal fractionation, particularly for the Szerencs rhyolitic magma. The silicic volcanic products of the Tokaj Mts. show compositional similarities with the so-called ‘dry–reduced–hot’ rhyolite type consistent with an origin in an extensional environment, where the primary magmas were formed by near-adiabatic decompression melting in the mantle with subordinate fluid flux. In contrast, some of the older Bükkalja rhyolitic magmas evolved via more hydrous evolutionary paths, where amphibole played a role in the control of the trace element budget. The significant increase of zircon ε Hf values from −8.8 to + 0.2 in the rhyolitic pyroclastic rocks of Tokaj Mts. with time implies that mantle-derived magmas became more dominant. This can be explained by the specific tectonic setting, i.e. the final stage of subduction when the descending subducted slab became almost vertical, which exerted a pull in the upper lithosphere leading to thinning and accelerated subsidence as well as asthenospheric mantle flow just before the slab detachment.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: archive
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Plankton community changes during the last 124 000 years in the subarctic Bering Sea derived from sedimentary ancient DNA (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Current global warming results in rising sea-water temperatures, and the loss of sea ice in arctic and subarctic oceans impacts the community composition of primary producers with cascading effects on the food web and potentially on carbon export rates. This study analyzes metagenomic shotgun and diatom rbcL amplicon-sequencing data from sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) of the subarctic western Bering Sea that records phyto- and zooplankton community changes over the last glacial–interglacial cycle, including the last interglacial period (Eemian). Our data show that interglacial and glacial plankton communities differ, with distinct Eemian and Holocene plankton communities. The generally warm Holocene period is dominated by pico-sized cyanobacteria and bacteria-feeding heterotrophic protists, while the Eemian period is dominated by eukaryotic pico-sized chlorophytes and Triparmaceae. In contrast, the glacial period is characterized by micro-sized phototrophic protists, including sea-ice associated diatoms in the family Bacillariaceae and co-occurring diatom-feeding crustaceous zooplankton. Our deep-time record of plankton community changes reveals a long-term decrease in phytoplankton cell size coeval with increasing temperatures, and resembling community changes in the currently warming Bering Sea. The phytoplankton community in the warmer-than-present Eemian period is distinct from modern communities and limits the use of the Eemian as an analog for future climate scenarios. However, under enhanced future warming, the expected shift towards the dominance of small-sized phytoplankton and heterotrophic protists might result in an increased productivity, whereas the community’s potential of carbon export will be decreased, thereby weakening the subarctic Bering Sea’s function as an effective carbon sink.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Controls on distributions of aluminium, manganese and cobalt in the South Atlantic Ocean along GEOTRACES transect GA10 (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-10
    Description: Trace metals (TMs) manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and aluminium (Al) have important geochemical and biological roles in the ocean. Here, we present full depth profiles of dissolved (d) and particulate Al, Mn, and Co along the latitude of 40 °S in the South Atlantic Ocean from the GEOTRACES GA10 cruises that operated in austral spring 2010 and summer 2011. The region is characterized by enhanced primary productivity and forms a key transition zone between the Southern Ocean and South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The mean concentrations of dAl, dCo, and dMn (±standard deviation) were 3.36 ± 2.65 nmol kg−1, 35.3 ± 17.6 pmol kg−1, and 0.624 ± 1.08 nmol kg−1, respectively. Their distributions in surface waters were determined by external sources and complex internal biogeochemical processes. Specifically, surface ocean dCo was controlled by the interplay between phytoplankton uptake, remineralization and external inputs; dMn was likely determined by the formation and photoreduction of Mn-oxides; and dAl was supplied by atmospheric deposition and removed by scavenging onto particles. Fluvial and sedimentary inputs near the Rio de La Plata estuary and benthic sources from the Agulhas Bank resulted in elevated dTM concentrations in near-shore surface waters. These externally sourced dTMs were effectively delivered to the open ocean by offshore diffusion and/or advection, and potentially facilitated enhanced primary productivity along the transect. The distributions of dTMs at depth were predominantly controlled by the mixing of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and waters of Antarctic origin (e.g., Upper Circumpolar Water (UCDW) and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW)). The calculated endmember concentrations of dAl and dCo in NADW showed minor decreases in the SASTG following north–south transport, suggesting removal rates of 0.064 nM/year and 0.035–0.075 pM/year, respectively. The endmember concentration of dCo in AABW was maintained at ∼30 pmol kg−1 without evidence for scavenging removal in the Southern Ocean and SASTG (time frame 〉400 years). The concentrations of dMn in NADW and AABW were between 0.1 and 0.16 nmol kg−1, and any elevated dMn concentrations were ascribed to local external inputs (e.g., from sediments in the Argentine Basin and hydrothermal activity near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge). Hence, four controlling factors (sources, internal cycling, water mass mixing and time) need to be considered when assessing TM distributions in the global ocean, even for TMs that are vulnerable to scavenging removal processes. Because the deep waters formed in high latitude oceans are crucial components of the global thermohaline overturning system, any processes (e.g., glacier melting, upwelling and sinking, and biological activity) that impact the preformed dTM concentrations in high latitude oceans will determine the downstream dTM distributions. Therefore, the sources and sinks of TMs and associated biological activity in high latitude oceans could engender basin to global scale impacts on seawater distributions of Al, Co, and Mn and their stoichiometric relationships with macronutrients, and the global biogeochemical cycles of these scavenged-type TMs.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Physicochemical controls on seawater (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The overriding physicochemical controls in seawater discussed here are the chemical composition and the state of master variables including temperature, pressure, salinity, pH and redox status. Dissolved Organic Matter also plays a major role, but since its properties are not sufficiently well quantified it is described as an emergent master variable at this stage. The theoretical basis for the treatment of equilibrium chemistry and kinetics is presented, together with projections of the future development of seawater chemistry resulting from climate change. Key points • Composition of seawater • Master variables (temperature, pressure, pH, oxygen/redox state) • The role of Dissolved Organic Matter • Equilibrium chemistry • Kinetics • The consequences of ongoing global changes
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A commentary on holocene relative sea-level histories of far-field islands in the mid-Pacific by F. Tan, N. S. Khan, T. Li, A. J. Meltzner, J. Majewski, N. Chan, P. M. Chutcharavan, N. Cahill, M. Vacchi, D. Peng, B. P. Horton, [Quat. Sci. Rev. 310: 107995; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2023.107995] (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An optimized outlier detection function for multibeam echo-sounder data (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Highlights • Developed an innovative weighted outlier detection function that adaptively selects the best outlier detection technique, markedly improving precision and robustness in multibeam echosounder data analysis. • Demonstrated superior performance of the weighted function over traditional methods, achieving higher precision, recall, and F1 scores, pivotal for accurate seafloor mapping. • Enhanced data quality for geoscientific applications by effectively identifying and removing outliers without introducing data voids, preserving the integrity of multibeam sonar data. • The function’s significance extends to supporting sustainable environmental and resource management practices through improved accuracy in seabed mapping. • Discussed the adaptability of the method to various outlier patterns and its limitations, highlighting the need for further research and validation across different marine environments and data types. Abstract Multibeam sonar data are a valuable tool for seafloor mapping and geological studies. However, the presence of outliers in multibeam data can distort the results of analyses and reduce the accuracy of seafloor maps. In this paper, we define a weighting function based on the performance of various outlier detection techniques (OTDs) for detecting outliers in multibeam data, which calculates an outlier probability score for each sounding. Our results show that each OTD has its own strengths and weaknesses, and that a combination of outlier detection techniques is promising to improve reproducibility, explainability and the accuracy of the detection process. To address the challenge of detecting outliers in multibeam data, we propose a weighted outlier detection function that outperforms individual outlier detection techniques in terms of precision, recall and F1 scores by considering their strengths and combining them in a way that accounts for variations in the data. The function detects various types of outliers with high precision and recall values, resulting in valuable improvements in outlier detection performance for multibeam data. Overall, our proposed workflow has the potential to significantly improve the way multibeam data cleaning is performed, with the weighted outlier detection function being applied first, detecting most of the outlier automatically, followed by a domain-expert review of a small group of soundings whose automatic outlier labelling is not unequivocal.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Fish Stocks (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Fishes occur in a wider range of habitats than any other vertebrate or invertebrate group, from the upper reaches of streams in high mountain ranges to the mouths of temperate and tropical rivers, and from the intertidal zone to the ocean's abyss. Fish grow in size, spawn and die, either from natural causes (predation, diseases, ageing) or from being caught in fishing nets if the population is exploited. These dynamical processes are expressed with mathematical equations and are used in population models to estimate fisheries reference points (stock assessment), which in turn provide the basis for fisheries management. Fish populations subjected to fisheries exploitation are called fish “stocks”. Fishing has been increasingly affecting fish stocks and ecosystems both directly and indirectly, and along with the human-induced climate change they pose major threats to fish biodiversity worldwide. Using the available data stored in local or global databases to assess the status of all stocks, even the data-poor fish stocks, and following an ecosystem approach to fisheries management that incorporates effort reduction through marine protected areas, may contribute to the sustainable exploitation of fisheries resources.
    Type: Book chapter , NonPeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Refining the roles of productivity, redox, and remineralization on the cadmium isotope composition of marine sediments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-15
    Description: Cadmium (Cd) has a nutrient-like distribution in the ocean, similar to the macronutrient phosphate. Significant isotope fractionation induced by the biological cycling of Cd makes it a potential tracer for nutrients and productivity. However, the Cd flux and Cd isotope composition of marine sediments can also be influenced by local redox conditions and partial remineralization of organically hosted Cd. These confounding factors are under-constrained and render it challenging to use Cd as a reliable paleoproxy. To understand the relative importance of each of these processes, we examined the Cd isotope systematics of 69 modern sediments deposited across a wide range of environments. We complement these data with four profiles of particulate Cd isotope compositions from the Southern Ocean. We report three main results. First, we show that the sedimentary flux of Cd is tightly coupled to that of organic matter. Second, most Cd burial occurs in regions with some bottom-water oxygen, and the flux of CdS to anoxic regions is, globally, minor. Finally, we find that remineralization can substantially modify sedimentary Cd isotope compositions, though it is challenging to relate pelagic and sedimentary processes. For example, we find that the relationship between sedimentary Cd isotope compositions and surface seawater [Cd] is the reverse of that predicted by isotope reactor models. Likewise, sedimentary Cd isotope compositions are anti-correlated with bottom-water oxygen. While this pattern is consistent with preferential remineralization of isotopically heavy Cd, profiles of marine particulate matter reveal the reverse, whereby the Cd isotope composition of large particles, which are most likely to reach the seafloor, becomes increasingly ‘heavy’ with depth. These results highlight how productivity, redox, and remineralization all influence the flux and isotope composition of Cd to marine sediments. While our study suggests that there is no simple way to relate sedimentary Cd isotopes to surface nutrient utilization, our data point toward several potential controls that could form the basis of novel proxies for local redox conditions and remineralization.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: other
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ocean Basin Connections (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Type: Book chapter , PeerReviewed
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Analysis of vortex merging from a rotating tank laboratory experiment (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Highlights: • The interactions between vortices in a four-vortex flow field using a rotating water tank. • Driven by the strain field, non-ideal vortices stretch along the centerline, and manifest an asymmetric stretching pattern. • Non-ideal vortices disperse vorticity, accumulate filaments, and exhibit distinctive variations in anti-symmetric vorticity distribution, impacting respective merging efficiency. Abstract: Oceanic vortex merging is an important physical process for the vortex evolution and its impact on marine environment. However, limitation of the in-situ oceanic observational data of vortex merging inhabits its better understanding. This study investigates the interactions between non-ideal vortices in a four-vortex flow field in a rotating tank. We examine the merging stages of anticyclonic vortices, influenced by two other cyclonic vortices and their respective dynamical behaviors and quantify the effects of merging on vortex characteristics. The results indicate a strong shear flow between two counter-rotating vortices, which accelerates the motion of the anticyclonic vortex, while cyclonic ones exhibit greater stability. Subsequently, different stages of non-ideal vortex merging in a co-rotating framework are defined, primarily the encircling stage, rapid approaching stage, and merging vortex stage. In addition, we quantify and compare variations in morphological parameters and anti-symmetric vorticity distribution of non-ideal vortices across these stages. The stretching of vortices primarily occurs along the line connecting their centers due to the strain field exerted by neighboring vortices, resulting in an asymmetric stretching pattern in the interactions among non-ideal vortices. Furthermore, during the merging process, non-ideal vortices disperse vorticity outward and accumulate vortex filaments in the surrounding environment, leading to distinctive variations in anti-symmetric vorticity distribution, affecting their respective merging efficiency.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mapping high-resolution surface current by incorporating geostrophic equilibrium with surface quasigeostrophic theory using multi-source satellite observations (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: In the past three decades, altimeter-based remote sensing has been a widely used system to estimate ocean surface currents. However, it remains a great challenge to effectively resolve scales below ∼100 km at high latitudes and ∼ 300 km at mid-latitudes. In this study, we propose a scheme that utilizes geostrophic equilibrium and surface quasigeostrophy theory (SQG) to improve surface current resolution by incorporating remote sensing sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH), and sea surface salinity (SSS) observations. The scheme separately characterizes the larger-scale flows and smaller-scale motions of surface currents. A case study encompassing the Agulhas surface current demonstrates that the smaller-scale motions associated with temperature fronts are well captured by introducing high spatial-temporal resolution SST data. Furthermore, the reconstructed surface current is systemically evaluated by using surface drogued drifters and a Lagrangian synthetic particle tracking tool throughout the South Indian Ocean (SIO) for 2011–2015. Notably, the reconstructed zonal velocity component is closer to the drifter observations than the meridional counterpart and corresponding velocity phase. Regionally, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) showcases superior reconstruction performance, with higher skill scores and lower Lagrangian separation distances. However, a relatively large uncertainty is observed around the Agulhas Retroflection (AR) and Greater Agulhas System (GAS), which are linked to complicated regional dynamic regimes. We finally conduct four simulation experiments to explore the effect of different SST products on surface current reconstruction within the subdomain AR. The results indicate the varying potentials of the four evaluated SST products for informing surface current applications. Specifically, the MWIRSST enhances the likelihood of particles reaching the target field, while DMI OI shortens the average deviation distance of the arrived particles.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Defining the target population to make marine image-based biological data FAIR (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: Marine imaging studies have unique constraints on the data collected requiring a tool for defining the biological scope to facilitate data discovery, quality evaluation, sharing and reuse. Defining the ‘target population’ is way of scoping biological sampling or observations by setting the pool of organisms to be observed or sampled. It is used in survey design and planning, to determine statistical inference, and is critical for data interpretation and reuse (both images and derived data). We designed a set of attributes for defining and recording the target population in biological studies using marine photography, incorporating ecological and environmental delineation and marine imaging method constraints. We describe how this definition may be altered and recorded at different phases of a project. The set of attributes records the definition of the target population in a structured metadata format to enhance data FAIRness. It is designed as an extension to the image FAIR Digital Objects metadata standard, and we map terms to other biological data standards where possible. This set of attributes serves a need to update ecological metadata to align with new remotely-sensed data, and can be applied to other remotely-sensed ecological image data.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Development of an autonomous on-site dissolved inorganic carbon analyzer using conductometric detection (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-25
    Description: Highlights • Development of an autonomous DIC analyzer based on Conductometric technique using a cell with 4 hollow brass electrodes. • CO2 extraction from seawater using a gas diffusion cell with a “Tube In A Tube” configuration and a gas permeable membrane. • Formulation of mathematical temperature and salinity correction to determine accurate DIC concentration. • Demonstration of the analyzer performance in the southwest Baltic Sea. Abstract Background The increase in anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere since the industrial revolution has resulted in an increased uptake of CO2 by the oceans, leading to ocean acidification. Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) is one of the key variables to characterize the seawater carbonate system. High quality DIC observations at a high spatial-temporal resolution is required to improve our understanding of the marine carbonate system. To meet the requirements, autonomous DIC analyzers are needed which offer a high sampling frequency, are cost-effective and have a low reagent and power consumption. Results We present the development and validation of a novel analyzer for autonomous measurements of DIC in seawater using conductometric detection. The analyzer employs a gas diffusion sequential injection approach in a “Tube In A Tube” configuration that facilitates diffusion of gaseous CO2 from an acidified sample through a gas permeable membrane into a stream of an alkaline solution. The change in conductivity in the alkaline medium is proportional to the DIC concentration of the sample and is measured using a detection cell constructed of 4 hollow brass electrodes. Physical and chemical optimizations of the analyzer yielded a sampling frequency of 4 samples h−1 using sub mL reagent volumes for each measurement. Temperature and salinity effects on DIC measurements were mathematically corrected to increase accuracy. Analytical precision of ±4.9 μmol kg−1 and ±9.7 μmol kg−1 were achieved from measurements of a DIC reference material in the laboratory and during a field deployment in the southwest Baltic Sea, respectively. Significance This study describes a simple, cost-effective, autonomous, on-site benchtop DIC analyzer capable of measuring DIC in seawater at a high temporal resolution as a step towards an underwater DIC sensor. The analyzer is able to measure a wide range of DIC concentrations in both fresh and marine waters. The achieved accuracy and precision offer an excellent opportunity to employ the analyzer for ocean acidification studies and CO2 leakage detection in the context of Carbon Capture and Storage operations.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OCEANREP)
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Accuracy of hmF2 estimations, including IRI-2020 options and ionograms validated parameters, compared to ISR measurements at Millstone Hill (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Several empirical formulations used over time to estimate the fundamental ionospheric parameter hmF2 have been compared in this study. These are the first formulation proposed by Shimazaki (1955) (SHI-1955) as a function of the propagation parameter M(3000)F2, the more accurate BSE-1979 formula proposed by Bilitza et al. (1979) and firstly adopted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, and the newest Altadill-Magdaleno-Torta-Blanch (AMTB-2013) (Altadill et al., 2013) and SHU-2015 (Shubin, 2015) models, obtained with a different approach with no explicit dependence on any ionospheric parameter and added as alternative options in the IRI-2016. The evaluation of the accuracy of the available formulation is performed by comparing the modeled values of hmF2 with those simultaneously obtained with independent measurements from the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) installed at the Millstone Hill ionospheric station. The database considered consists of 3626 measurements, thus allowing the evaluation of the results for different heliogeophysical conditions. SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 formulations are evaluated also using input data manually scaled from ionograms recorded at the same location, with the aim of evaluating their accuracy when updated with validated data rather than modeled ones. The SHU-2015 is confirmed the best option in any condition, while AMTB-2013 turns out to perform poorly during night, when SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 fed by validated data can be used for trend analyses due to the high correlation with ISR data. Despite this, BSE-1979 performs better with modeled parameters as input, in terms of RMSE and mean deviation from ISR data. The use of SHI-1955 with CCIR-modeled M(3000)F2 is discouraged under daytime conditions even for long trend analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3202-3211
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: hmF2 ; IRI-2020 ; ISR ; Ionosonde ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Temperature compensation in high accuracy accelerometers using multi-sensor and machine learning methods (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Experimental data are publicly available here: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/f78bmhr628/1
    Description: Temperature is a major source of inaccuracy in high-sensitivity accelerometers and gravimeters. Active thermal control systems require power and may not be ideal in some contexts such as airborne or spaceborne applications. We propose a solution that relies on multiple thermometers placed within the accelerometer to measure temperature and thermal gradient variations. Machine Learning algorithms are used to relate the temperatures to their effect on the accelerometer readings. However, obtaining labeled data for training these algorithms can be difficult. Therefore, we also developed a training platform capable of replicating temperature variations in a laboratory setting. Our experiments revealed that thermal gradients had a significant effect on accelerometer readings, emphasizing the importance of multiple thermometers. The proposed method was experimentally tested and revealed a great potential to be extended to other sources of inaccuracy, such as rotations, as well as to other types of measuring systems, such as magnetometers or gyroscopes.
    Description: This work was funded by “Regione Lazio” (Italy) with European Regional Development Fund (Italy, Lazio) through the call “Gruppi di Ricerca 2020 (POR FESR LAZIO 2014 – 2020), project number: A0375-2020-36674
    Description: Published
    Description: 114090
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gravimeter ; gravimetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165367
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Satellite-based electron density background definition at mid-latitudes and comparison with IRI-2016 model under different solar conditions (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: A new method to define a background for the ionospheric electron density (Ne) is proposed, making use of mid-latitude measurements under different solar conditions from the Langmuir Probes onboard CHAMP and three identical Swarm satellites. In particular, CHAMP measurements during the years 2004 and 2009, and Swarm observations during 2016 and 2017 have been considered in the 15°-wide latitudinal belt from 35°N to 50°N, and from 0° to 360° in longitude. CHAMP/Swarm in-situ Ne measurements have been then used to check and compare this new defined background with the one computed directly from IRI-2016 Ne output at satellite altitude. The distributions of the relative deviations between the two backgrounds, and of positive and negative anomalies (i.e., Ne variations from each background greater than 30%) with respect to the geomagnetic activity levels have been evaluated under each investigated condition, namely year/satellite, season, night-time or noon hours. Results of this comparison highlight a general overestimation of Ne from IRI during noon hours, while a better agreement between the two backgrounds is found during night-time. However, an underestimation of IRI with respect to Swarm-derived background is found for 2017 data. Finally, the analysis of 2004 plasma data suggests that the IRI-2016 model can be used as a background during periods characterized by high levels of geomagnetic activity. Due to the difficulties to construct a background for satellite data, the proposed method can be considered an useful tool for analyses of electron density variations at the heights of the satellites in Low Earth Orbits (LEO).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1183-1195
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-resolution geophysical investigations in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy): Results from the Campo Felice tectonic basin (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Campo Felice basin, in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy), developed in the hangingwall of a 30 km-long system of NW-trending normal faults with Holocene paleoseismic activity and potential sources of M 6–7 earthquakes. We provide the first subsurface images of a key portion of the basin bounded by the Mt. Cefalone fault along two intersecting profiles trending NNE-SSW (CF-Dip, 1195 m-long) and WNW-ESE (CF-Strike, 1315-m long). We combined high-resolution depth-migrated reflection sections with P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomography models. CF-Dip profile displays a wedge-like syn-tectonic sedimentary sequence of alluvial and glacial deposits with Vp ∼ 2500–3000 m/s and resistivity 〉 500 Ωm in the hangingwall of Mt. Cefalone fault, overlying a high-Vp (〉4000 m/s) limestone bedrock ∼ 300 m deep. The whole sequence displays reflectors truncated by the Mt. Cefalone fault zone and subsidiary antithetic faults. CF-Strike profile, tied to three 80–110 m-deep boreholes, shows a thick fluvio-lacustrine sequence with low-Vp (〈2000 m/s) and low resistivity (〈100 Ωm), and a bedrock that deepens to the southeast (〉450 m). Single-station ambient noise measurements display Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios with peaks at ∼1 Hz, decreasing to ∼0.8 Hz to the southeast in agreement with the bedrock deepening indicated by seismic profiling. According to our results, the Campo Felice basin is a deep asymmetric half-graben controlled by faulting whose activity likely started before the Middle Pleistocene. Our minimum displacement estimate accrued in the past 0.5 Ma by the Mt. Cefalone fault is in the range of ∼100–250 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230170
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A novel algorithm for seismic events multiplets search (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: A common practice of seismology is to analyze earthquake occurrence in terms of events catalogues, with the aim to either find useful correlations between internal mechanisms under study and their outcome in the spatial/temporal series of the events or, more directly, to assess some statistical rules from observations. With this approach, catalogues are often searched for some recognizable patterns or behaviors: in this work we present a software tool created to reveal a particular kind of events sequences. The idea follows from the concept of multiplets, a well known events pattern often found in seismic series. A multiplet is defined as a sequence of events, all near in space and time and exhibiting similar magnitudes. The amount of multiplets in seismic series is related, as it is for other clustering mechanisms, to underlying correlations in the physics of the events. The software, built from scratch, scans seismic catalogues in search of events clustered as “multiplets”: this is done through the thorough application of comparison tests whose parameters thresholds are both user defined and semi-automated. The tool is however more “general” in the sense that by varying values of the filtering parameters it can reveal other kind of patterns too. While we think that this tool can be thought as a general purpose space–time series analyzer, we have found it particularly useful when applied to the results of a seismic simulator with the purpose of assessing their adherence with the observed seismicity. It can be used as a sort of metric to quantify the simulation predictions effectiveness in terms of presence of similar multiplets distributions in simulated vs. real catalogues. The software has been entirely developed in the Wolfram Language (Mathematica), a commercial powerful environment for scientific calculus and results report, but the main computational routine has been also ported to python for open-source, copyleft usage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105496
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic multiple events ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Active fault detection and characterization by ultrashallow seismic imaging: A case study from the 2016 Mw 6.5 central Italy earthquake (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: We present the first high-resolution ultrashallow seismic image of a normal fault segment that ruptured the surface during the Mw 6.5 2016 Norcia earthquake (central Italy). This is the only fault, in the entire activated 25 km-long system, cutting a thick succession of Quaternary deposits, with an associated 3-m-high cumulative scarp. A 190-m-long profile crossing the fault was acquired and analyzed combining reflection seismic, non-linear multiscale refraction P-wave tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves. The joint interpretation of the seismic reflection, P- and S-wave velocity images unravels a 100-m-thick sequence of sandy-gravel alluvial fans, disrupted by a main normal fault zone, named as Valle delle Fonti fault (Vf1), which branches upward into three splays. The eastern splay of Vf1 matches with the 2016 coseismic surface rupture. Near-surface truncated reflections and growth strata in the hanging wall of the western and intermediate splays attest to their activity in Late Pleistocene-Holocene times. We also detect an additional normal fault in the footwall of Vf1, probably inactive since the Late Pleistocene. Comparing the seismic images with the Poisson's coefficient model and with the results of a previous electrical resistivity tomography, we constrain the lithology and the hydraulic behavior of the uppermost 50 m of the fault. A steep, W-dipping zone with high-Vp, very high Poisson's coefficient and low resistivity correlates with the eastern splay of Valle delle Fonti fault and unravels a water-saturated region. These results suggest that the fault zone may act as a partial barrier for horizontal fluid flow. Our findings indicate that the active fault zone detected by seismic imaging is much wider than what previously estimated from surface geological analyses. In terms of surface faulting hazard, this study confirms the effectiveness of high-resolution seismic surveys in defining the geometry and physical properties of active fault zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229733
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High resolution magnetic anomalies, volcanism and tectonics of the active “La Fossa” vulcanic system (Vulcano island) and Lipari island (South Italy) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: In this paper we present the new high-resolution magnetic anomaly map of the La Fossa Caldera system and Lipari island (Southern Italy), obtained by merging two low-altitude aeromagnetic surveys. In these islands a variegated ensemble of magnetic anomalies develops in the north-south direction. The La Fossa Caldera is characterized by very high-intensity and short-wavelength magnetic anomalies, related to mafic intrusive/effusive sources, mainly aligned along the NNW-SSE and NS faults. Instead, the Lipari island is characterized by lower intensity anomalies related to sources with more evolved chemistry, elongated in the NE-SW, NNE-SSW and EW of the subordinate faults. Both the two sets of structures belong to the Tindari-Letojanni strike slip fault-system, a regional lineament along which the southern side of the Aeolian Archipelago is emplaced. The study identifies three distinctive magnetic zones on the Lipari island: the southern, the central, and the north-western ones. The southern zone is characterized by negative magnetic monopoles in correspondence with the younger rhyolitic domes and a Curie Isotherm upwelling. The central part of the island has an average lower intensity of positive anomalies, corresponding to the less evolved products of the intermediate Lipari volcanic epochs. The north-western side is characterized by higher intensity anomalies related to older volcanic epochs. The interplay among strike-slip tectonics, chemistry of the uprising magmas, and the thermal setting has contributed to the overall anomaly pattern in this sector of the Aeolian Archipelago. This interpretation is supported by the application of digital enhancement to the total intensity magnetic anomaly field and by the spatial correlation analysis of the magnetic and volcano-tectonic features. The obtained insights are useful to better understand the relationship between arc volcanism and tectonics. Moreover, they can also outline new inferences to forecast future eruptions of the active La Fossa volcanic system. In fact, recent unrest signals were registered at La Fossa Cone, which is one of the present-day active volcanoes of the Aeolian Archipelago, along with Stromboli island.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107823
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aeolian Archipelago ; Magnetic anomalies ; Strike slip Tectonics ; 04.05. Geomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Massive release of natural hydrogen from a geological seep (Chimaera, Turkey): Gas advection as a proxy of subsurface gas migration and pressurised accumulations (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Subsurface geological reservoirs of natural hydrogen gas (H2), a clean fuel and energy vector, are currently a target for energy resource exploration. Such reservoirs can be revealed by the presence of H2 within soil, analogous to hydrocarbon seepage in petroleum systems. Nevertheless, defining the level of soil H2 that can indicate a potentially economic resource is currently impossible, and identifying geological H2 within soil-gas is challenging because H2 concentrations and the isotopic composition (δ2H) may overlap with the in-situ biological signature. In spite of these limitations, analogies to conventional hydrocarbon systems suggest that the presence of surface advective gas flows can reveal (unlike diffusion) a subsoil source and even pressurised gas accumulations of H2. Here, a massive release of H2 is reported from a CH4–H2 rich seep in Turkey, known as Chimaera, an emblematic example of H2 advection. The site represents the first case where a closed-chamber flux method was applied for H2 seepage. H2 advection at the site was clearly indicated by numerous gas vents and flames, and by the heterogeneous spatial distribution of pervasive, invisible exhalation (miniseepage), inducing rapid H2 concentration build-up within the chamber. H2 emission (∼10 ± 3 kg day−1, with the highest H2 emission factor reported, thus far, of ∼5000 kg km−2 day−1) is continuous and long lasting (flames have been documented for millennia) and, using an analogy for hydrocarbon seeps, may stem from pressurised accumulations. The Chimaera case is illustrative of how detecting soil H2 advection may help unravel surface (biological) vs. subsoil (geological) gas origins in cases where, in the absence of significant gas seepage, soil H2 concentrations are within the range of biological production (100-103 ppmv, e.g., as for “fairy circles” observed in several countries). Interpretations must, however, be supported by additional geochemical data and evaluations of potential biological H2 production within the surface ecosystem.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9172-9184
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Seismic evidence of extensive microbial gas migration and trapping in submarine gas hydrates (Rakhine Basin, Bay of Bengal) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Submarine methane-rich gas hydrates in ocean sediments are a potential atmospheric greenhouse gas and energy source. It is considered that microbial methane is generally autochthonous, produced in situ within the gas hydrate stability zone with low gas flux and pressure, while thermogenic gas is allochthonous, migrated from a deeper petroleum system, with higher gas flux and pressure and therefore potentially higher energy resource and environmental impact. Here, we report on the allochthonous nature of large microbial gas hydrate deposits in the Rakhine Basin, Bay of Bengal. An innovative and automatic tool, developed to analyze high-resolution three-dimensional seismic data, allowed to detect hundreds of thousands gas occurrences throughout a 2 km thick Pliocene-Pleistocene sedimentary sequence extending below the gas hydrate stability zone. A supercharged section matching the present-day optimum temperature for microbial methanogenesis was identified. Combining seismic and geochemical data of the Rakhine Basin gas system points to a dominant microbial nature of the gas. Stacked amplitude anomalies and vertical anomaly clusters demonstrate active free-phase gas migration towards the shallow gas hydrate stability zone. The Rakhine Basin gas hydrates are the ultimate seal for the entire petroleum system and represent a case of “frozen seepage” of microbial gas with relatively high flux and pressure.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106100
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Extensive oxidizing events recorded by peridotite mantle xenoliths from the Hyblean Plateau: Evidence from combined measurements of ferric iron in spinel with noble gases and fluid inclusions chemistry in olivine (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The study of the oxidation state of lithospheric mantle-derived rocks allows modelling the deep cycle of volatiles (e.g., C, H, O, N and S) in the Earth’s interior, which in turn plays a role in magma genesis, metasomatism and volcanic degassing. At the oxygen fugacity (i.e., fO2) recorded by residual abyssal peridotites, volatile elements like carbon are predicted to be in the immobile form of graphite. However, the compilation of the redox state of worldwide-distributed continental xenoliths shows evidence of their oxidation and refertilization through time by deeply formed subduction-related metasomatic fluids. The analyses of fluid inclusions in mantle-derived minerals like olivine (or pyroxenes) represent a snapshot of the volatile circulation in depth, whose noble gases signature (He, Ar, Ne) is used to identify their possible source. This study aims to reconstruct the origin of mantle metasomatism underneath the Hyblean Plateau (Sicily, Italy) and its redox history through the investigation of spinel-peridotite nodules, combining fO2 estimates with noble gases and fluid inclusions chemistry from hand-picked olivine grains. We analyzed eight mantle xenoliths classified as spinel lherzolites and spinel harzburgites from the Valle Guffari (Hyblean Plateau, Sicily). The calculated logfO2 is higher than that of most cratonic xenoliths worldwide ranging between 0.28 and 1.27 log units above to the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) reference buffer. Micro-Raman measurements on olivine grains with dendritic trails of (metasomatic) fluid inclusions reveal an assemblage made of Mg-Ca carbonates ± sulfide ± elemental sulfur ± CO2 in the most reduced sample, and Mg-Ca carbonates ± sulfates ± CO2 in the most oxidized sample, the latter associated with a silicate glass and (secondary) hydrous phases. Both assemblages are taken as evidence of the product of crystallization of deeply originated volatile-bearing silicate melts. Analyses of He, Ar, and Ne in olivine grains confirm the evidence of a mantle source reworked by metasomatic processes. Our data suggest that an initially residual Hyblean lithospheric mantle was affected by extensive oxidizing events at several depths caused by the interaction with slab-derived CO2-rich silicate metasomatic liquids.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107337
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Redox state ; Raman ; M¨ossbauer spectroscopy ; Noble gases ; Abyssal peridotites
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geochemical evidence for a lithospheric origin of the Comoros Archipelago (Indian Ocean) as revealed by ultramafic mantle xenoliths from La Grille volcano (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Petrology and fluid inclusions (FI) geochemistry are increasingly used in tandem to constrain the compositional features and evolution of the lithospheric mantle. In this study, we combine petrography and mineral chemistry with analyses of noble gases (He, Ne and Ar) and CO2 in olivine, orthopyroxene- and clinopyroxene-hosted FI, as well as radiogenic isotope (Sr-Nd-Pb) systematics of ultramafic xenoliths collected at La Grille volcano in Grande Comore Island, aiming at better characterizing one of the most enigmatic and controversial portions of the western Indian Ocean lithospheric mantle. Xenoliths have been divided in three groups on the basis of their textural features: Group 1 (Opx-bearing), Group 2 (Opx-free) and Group 3 (Cumulate). Overall, petrographic observations and mineral phase compositions indicate that the sampled lithospheric portion experienced variable degrees of melting (from 5% to 35%), recorded by Group 1 most refractory harzburgites and lherzolites, as well as modal metasomatic processes as evidenced by the crystallization of cpx at the expense of opx in Group 1 fertile lherzolites and wehrlite and by Group 2 xenoliths. Crystallization of slightly oversaturated basic silicate melts seems also to have occurred, as shown by Group 3 xenoliths. A positive trend between temperature and ƒO2 is evident, with Group 2 and 3 xenoliths testifying for hotter and more oxidised conditions than Group 1. The variability of the 4He/40Ar* ratio (0.02–0.39) in Group 1, significantly below typical values of a fertile mantle (4He/40Ar* = 1–5), can be explained by the variable degrees of partial melting coupled to metasomatic enrichment that may account for modifying 4He/40Ar*, as also indicated by the mineral composition. He-Ar-CO2 relationships support the presence of a metasomatic CO2-rich process post-dating the melt extraction and the cumulate formation. The air-corrected 3He/4He isotopic ratios (6.30 to 7.36 Ra) are intermediate between the MORB mantle signature (8 ± 1Ra) and the SCLM (6.1 ± 0.9 Ra). The Ne and Ar isotopic signatures (20Ne/22Ne, 21/Ne/22Ne and 40Ar/36Ar) are consistent with mixing between an air-derived component and a MORB-like mantle, supporting the hypothesis for a lithospheric origin of the Comoros magmas, and arguing against any deep mantle plume-related contribution. This is also corroborated by combining Ne with He isotopes, showing that La Grille ultramafic xenoliths are far from the typical plume-type compositions. Sr-Nd-Pb isotope systematics in opx and cpx from La Grille additionally support a MORB-type signature for the lithospheric mantle beneath the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107406
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mantle xenoliths ; Noble gases ; Fluid inclusions ; Radiogenic isotopes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Combining methane clumped and bulk isotopes, temporal variations in molecular and isotopic composition, and hydrochemical and geological proxies to understand methane's origin in the Ronda peridotite massifs (Spain) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: In serpentinised peridotite and ultramafic rock systems, methane (CH4) origin is frequently considered abiotic, but variable microbial and thermogenic components can also exist. Typically, the origin of CH4 is studied using bulk, 13C/12C and 2H/H isotopic composition, molecular gas composition, occasionally radiocarbon (14C), microbiology and geological context. Recent advances in CH4-clumped isotope methods have yielded novel insights into the formation of CH4: nonetheless, their interpretation in natural gas samples is often uncertain and requires additional research. Here, we study the origin of the gas released in hyperalkaline (pH 〉 10) springs in the Ronda Peridotite Massifs (southern Spain), combining bulk and clumped CH4 isotopes with molecular gas composition, hydrochemical (Total Organic Carbon and Platinum Group Elements in water), geothermal and geo-structural data. Five springs analysed in 2014 have been re-examined for changes in gas chemistry over time, and three newly discovered gas-bearing springs are analysed for the first time. Regardless of whether springs have microbial or abiotic isotopic fingerprints, we find that bulk CH4 isotopes are fairly stable over a seven-year period. This suggests that the CH4 source(s) or postgenetic processes (such as oxidation and diffusion) have not undergone significant temporal changes. Major variations in H2 and CH4 concentrations in certain springs may be the result of changes in gas pressure and migration intensity. Paired CH4 clumped isotopes (Δ12CH2D2 - Δ13CH3D) were analysed in two bubbling springs, where the presence of CH4 can be interpreted as non-microbial based on 13C enrichment, absence of 14C, and the presence of ethane and propane. However, these isotopes are in disequilibrium, which prevents the quantification of the gas formation temperature. Within the Δ12CH2D2 - Δ13CH3D diagram, the data lie within both the microbialgenic zone, suggested by previous authors, and the abiotic zone that results combining data from laboratory gas synthesis and other natural gas samples. Therefore, attributing a microbial origin to CH4 based only on clumped isotopes is less definite than previously assumed. The amount of Total Organic Carbon appears to be correlated with the origin of CH4, as it is higher in 13C-depleted CH4 samples and lower in 13C-enriched samples. Palladium (Pd) and Rhodium (Rh) dissolved in water (the more soluble Platinum Group Elements) can be a proxy for the chromitite ore deposits contained in plagioclase tectonite layers throughout the investigated area, which may act as catalysts for abiotic CO2 hydrogenation. Clumped isotope disequilibrium and the reported absence of diffuse CH4-bearing fluid inclusions in the peridotites appear to rule out high temperature gas genesis in post-magmatic inclusions. These observations, along with the moderate temperatures at the base of the peridotite massifs and the consistent occurrence of gas along tectonic contacts between serpentinised (H2-bearing) peridotite and carbon-bearing rocks, are compatible with the theory of low-temperature CO2 hydrogenation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121799
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The 2021–2022 Genoa seismic sequences reveal distributed strike-slip deformation in the Alps-Apennines transition zone, NW Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: The complex tectonic evolution of the Alps-Apennines transition zone in NW Italy is still a matter of debate. In this work, we analyze the 2021–2022 seismic sequences around Genoa to understand how convergence between Africa and Europe is presently accommodated across the Alps-Apennines transition zone. The map-view distribution of HypoDD-relocated seismic events reveals a NE-SW alignment for the Savignone seismic sequence, and NNW-SSE alignments for the Borzonasca and Bargagli sequences. The Borzonasca seismic sequence plots in correspondence of the Villalvernia-Varzi-Ottone Fault, which is often considered as the boundary between the Alps and the Apennines, whereas no seismicity is documented along the Sestri-Voltaggio Fault. The main-shock focal solutions are invariably strike-slip, with near-vertical NNW-SSE and NE-SW to ENE-WSW nodal planes. The evident earthquake alignments in the study area mark active, km-scale fault planes in the upper crust, pointing to a scenario of distributed strike-slip deformation in the transition zone between the Alps and the Apennines. The NE-SW faults are inherited structures that underwent major Neogene rotations and are no longer suitably oriented to accommodate the northward motion of Adria relative to Europe. The Bargagli seismic sequence may reflect the formation of new NNW-SSE strike-slip faults in the upper crust that are more suitably oriented to accommodate the present-day stress field, consistent with the seismotectonic framework outlined by recent works in the nearby regions of the Adria-Europe plate-boundary zone. Our results highlight the important role of strike-slip faulting in the Adria-Europe plate boundary zone not only in the past, but also during its present-day evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230101
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Crustal stress pattern at Mt. Etna volcano (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: Stress fields may exhibit variegated patterns, especially in volcanic areas where several processes superimpose their effects in space and time. The comprehension of such patterns may not be straightforward to investigate. This work investigates the pattern of the crustal stress in the area of Mt. Etna Volcano (Sicily, Italy). This has been possible through a collection of more than 800 stress indicators derived from seismological and volcanological/geological information. In particular, the type of collected data allows to consider, for the first time in this area, two different temporal steps in the evolution of Etna volcano: the present-day and the previous volcanic phase at 15 ka. Results indicate a transition between a background shallow NW-SE tensional regime and a deep SW-NE compressional one that occurs between 6 and 16 km depth and which well fits with the present-day geodynamic framework of the area. The occurrence of small-scale lateral variations is interpreted as the second-order effect of the structures of the active front buried beneath the volcano, to the volcano loading, and to the feeding system. The temporal variations in the area surrounding the volcano suggest a major rearrangement of the background stress field evidenced by the swap between minimum and maximum horizontal stress directions. Conversely, during the same period, the stress pattern in the exact correspondence of the volcanic edifice showed to be stable and with a radial arrangement. Such coherence would support the literature which suggests a long-term inflation process started at least 15 kyr ago.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102017
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    New constraints on the shear wave velocity structure of the Ivrea geophysical body from seismic ambient noise tomography (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Alps) (2024)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: We performed seismic ambient noise tomography to investigate the shallow crustal structure around the Ivrea geophysical body (IGB) in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ). We achieved higher resolution with respect to previous tomographic works covering the Western Alps, by processing seismic data collected by both permanent and temporary seismic networks (61 broad-band seismic stations in total). This included IvreaArray, a temporary, passive seismic experiment designed to investigate the IVZ crustal structure. Starting from continuous seismic ambient noise recordings, we measured and inverted the dispersion of the group velocity of surface Rayleigh waves (fundamental mode) in the period range 4–25 s. We obtained a new, 3-D vS model of the IVZ crust via the stochastic neighbourhood algorithm (NA), with the highest resolution between 3 to 40 km depth. The fast and shallow shear wave velocity anomaly associated with the IGB presents velocities of 3.6 km s−1 directly at the surface, in remarkable agreement with the location of the exposed lower-to-middle crustal and mantle outcrops. This suggests a continuity between the surface geological observations and the subsurface geophysical anomalies. The fast IGB structure reaches vS of 4 km s−1 at 20–25 km depth, at the boundary between the European and Adriatic tectonic plates, and in correspondence with the earlier identified Moho jump in the same area. The interpretation of a very shallow reaching IGB is further supported by the comparison of our new results with recent geophysical investigations, based on receiver functions and gravity anomaly data. By combining the new geophysical constraints and the geological observations at the surface, we provide a new structural interpretation of the IGB, which features lower crustal and mantle rocks at upper crustal depths. The comparison of the obtained vS values with the physical properties from laboratory analysis of local rock samples suggests that the bulk of the IGB consists of a combination of mantle peridotite, ultramafic and lower crustal rocks, bound in a heterogeneous structure. These new findings, based on vS tomography, corroborate the recent interpretation for which the Balmuccia peridotite outcrops are continuously linked to the IGB structure beneath. The new outcomes contribute to a multidisciplinary framework for the interpretation of the forthcoming results of the scientific drilling project DIVE. DIVE aims at probing the lower continental crust and its transition to the mantle, with two ongoing and one future boreholes (down to 4 km depth) in the IVZ area, providing new, complementary information on rock structure and composition across scales. In this framework, we constrain the upper crustal IGB geometries and lithology based on new evidence for vS, connecting prior crustal knowledge to recent active seismic investigations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1089–1105
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the ability of dual-polarimetric SAR measurements to observe lava flows under different volcanic environments (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: In this study, we discuss the extra-value of polarimetric information in observing the lava flow. Dualpolarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) measurements are processed using a polarimetric change detector that, instead of looking at the variation of the backscatter intensity between a pair of images collected before and after the event, looks at changes in the polarimetric scattering behavior. We demonstrate that the scattering changes detected by the proposed polarimetric approach well-correlate with the footprint of the lava flow provided by external sources. In addition, we also compare the performance of the polarimetric change detector with conventional single-polarization metrics showing that the former one always outperforms the incoherent single-polarization measurements. To further demonstrate the robustness of the polarimetric change detectors, we selected two test cases that refer to vulcanic eruptions calling for completely different environments. The first one, related to the Etna volcano, calls for a lava flow over a vegetation-free environment; the second one is related to the Nyiragongo volcano and calls for a lava flow in a vegetated environment. Experimental results show that the polarimetric change detectors automatically adapt to the changing environment outperforming the single-polarization detectors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 103471
    Description: OSV3: Sviluppo di nuovi sistemi osservazionali e di analisi ad alta sensibilità
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flow ; Change detection ; Polarimetric SAR ; Sentinel-1
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Multi-scale response of the high-latitude topside ionosphere to geospace forcing (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Description: We investigate the response of the topside ionosphere, auroral and polar sectors, to the forcing of the geospace during September 2017. Specifically, we aim at characterizing such a response in terms of the involved spatial scales and of their intensification during the different auroral and polar cap activity conditions experienced in the selected month, that is characterized by severe geomagnetic storm conditions. For our purposes, we leverage on and compare various in situ plasma density data products provided by the Swarm constellation of the European Space Agency (ESA). The spatio-temporal variability of the involved scales in the plasma density observation is featured through the application of the Fast Iterative Filtering (FIF) signal decomposition technique and, for the first time in the ionospheric field, of a FIF-derived dynamical spectrum called ‘‘IMFogram”. The instantaneous time-frequency representation provided through the IMFogram illustrates the time development of the multi-scale processes with spatial and temporal resolutions higher than those obtained with traditional signal processing techniques. To demonstrate this, the IMFogram is tested against Fast Fourier and Continuous Wavelet Transforms. With our fine characterization, we highlight how scale cascading and intensification processes in the plasma density observations follow the ionospheric currents activity, as depicted through the auroral activity and polar cap indices, and through the field-aligned currents data product provided by Swarm.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5490-5502
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nature and origin of an undetected seismic phase in waveforms from Southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes: First evidence for the phase-A in the subducted Uppermost Lithospheric Mantle? (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-17
    Description: We have found a previously unreported later seismic phase in seismograms of European seismic stations from intermediate-depth and deep earthquakes of the Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone. We observe this phase at stations from 6 to 9◦ from the epicentre, towards north. Only seismograms of earthquakes located in a welldefined region of the slab, in the depth range of 215–320 km, show the later x-phase. In this work, we describe the nature and possible origin of this phase, and we provide a simple 2D model to explain the observed arrival times. Our analyses reveal that the x-phase propagates downward in a high velocity layer, possibly located within the deepest part of the slab. We suggest that this layer reveals the presence of the dense hydrous magnesium silicate phase A, introduced from petrological laboratory experiments, inferred to carry water in the upper mantle and predicted to be found in cold subduction zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229919
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Southern Tyrrhenian subduction zone ; Mineral phase A ; Intermediate and deep seismicity ; Waveforms analyses ; Later seismic arrival/phase ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evolution in unrest processes at Campi Flegrei caldera as inferred from local seismicity (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: Changes in seismicity with time and location are diagnostic signals for understanding the dynamics of volcanic unrest. We used these signals at the Campi Flegrei caldera, in southern Italy, to investigate how structural changes have determined three styles of unrest since 1982, distinguished by a ground uplift (measured at Pozzuoli, near the centre of the caldera) of 178 cm in 1982–84; a subsidence of 93 cm in 1985–2005; and an uplift of 118 cm between 2005 and November 2023. Double-difference seismic locations and concentrations of seismic energy release have revealed impermeable horizons that correspond to the cap rock and self-sealed base of the geothermal system at depths of 1.5 and 3 km, respectively. Most earthquakes have been shallower than 3 km, consistent with the brittle upper crust being stretched over a zone of pressurization below the geothermal system. The 1982–84 uplift decayed after a major seismic swarm on April 1st, 1984, breached the lower impermeable horizon, which increased the flux of escaping gas and reduced the source pressure. Continued gas escape promoted subsidence until the lower horizon had resealed itself and initiated a new episode of uplift while gas from depth re-accumulated beneath. Compared with 1982–84, a greater proportion of recent seismicity has occurred at shallower depths below the actively degassing fumaroles of Solfatara-Pisciarelli, north-east of Pozzuoli. The associated high seismic b-values, between 1 and 2, are consistent with high fluid pressures and, hence, with locations more favourable to fracturing. Continued uplift may thus persist until fracturing of the shallow crust allows faster rates of gas release and depressurization of the pressure source.
    Description: Published
    Description: 118530
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; Hydrothermal system ; Volcanic unrest ; Seismicity ; Fluid circulation ; Brittle/ductile transition
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Lutetian global stratotype section and point at Gorrondatxe revisited: Biomagnetostratigraphic refinements and astronomical tuning (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: Biomagnetostratigraphic studies carried out at the Ypresian/Lutetian (Eocene) Gorrondatxe section solved major chronostratigraphic calibration discrepancies that had existed for several decades. The new calibration resulted in the definition of the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the Lutetian Stage at the Gorrondatxe layer containing the lowest occurrence (LO) of the calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus (base of Subzone CP12b). However, subsequent studies cast some doubt on the reliability of the Gorrondatxe biomagnetostratigraphic data and, consequently, the appropriateness of the criterion used for the definition of the Lutetian GSSP. In order to address the issues raised, the biomagnetostratigraphy of the Gorrondatxe section was revisited and an additional cyclostratigraphic analysis was undertaken using magnetic susceptibility data series. The present study shows that the Gorrondatxe biomagnetostratigraphy is reliable. The spectral analyses showed the dominance of precession (~20 ky) and short (~100 ky) eccentricity forcing on sedimentation, but the influence of obliquity (~38 and ~55 ky) cycles was also detected and modulation by long (405 ky) eccentricity cycles was deduced. The succession was tuned to the 49.122-48.084 Ma interval and the astronomical ages obtained for a significant number of biomagnetostratigraphic events compared well with those derived from other studies. One of the exceptions is the LO of B. inflatus, which seems to be older in Gorrondatxe than in the Mediterranean and Western Atlantic areas. This diachrony most likely also delayed the LO of B. inflatus in historical reference sections of the North Sea area, rendering previous claims that the Lutetian GSSP caused some historical Lutetian sections to be Ypresian in age invalid. In fact, the definition of the base of the Lutetian Stage by the LO of B. inflatus at Gorrondatxe, now astronomically age dated at 48.455 Ma, best guarantees that the original concepts of the Ypresian and Lutetian historical stratotypes are maintained. Combined with secondary biomagnetostratigraphic marker events and an astronomically tuned cyclostratigraphy, the Ypresian/Lutetian Gorrondatxe section provides the globally significant chronostratigraphic reference model expected of any GSSP.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111669
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Geochemical features and seismic imaging of the tectonic zone between the Tibetan Plateau and Ordos Block, central northern China (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: The Tibetan Plateau is growing by both vertical uplift and horizontal extension. It is a continuing debate how the Tibetan Plateau interacts with its surrounding plates and blocks. Due to intense tectonic activity, which produced catastrophic earthquakes, the tectonic zone between the northeast margin of the horizontal extending Tibetan Plateau and the stable Ordos Block has garnered considerable interest. This study investigated the spatial distribution of gas geochemical anomalies (e.g., high flux of CO2 in correspondence of the main faults) at regional scale together with the seismic tomography in correspondence of this tectonic zone with the aim to figure out the domain of convergent boundary between the Ordos block and Tibetan plateau, and trace the tectonic discontinuities which are able to transfer fluids through the crustal layers between the two main geological units. From northwest to southeast, obvious difference of spatial distributions of geochemical and geophysical features in the tectonic zone between the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block is inferred. The northeast area (Zone A) is dominated by thrust and strike-slip faults with clear velocity boundary underneath, where low crack density (ε), saturation rate (ξ) and Poisson’ ratio (σ) in the middle-lower crust coincided with the low values of heat flow and CO2 emissions, tectonic compression and regional locked-fault can be inducements. The southeast area (Zone C) is dominated by extensional tectonics with roughly E-W fast-velocity direction (FVD) of P-wave azimuthal anisotropy, where high permeability and porosity can be deduced from crustal high ε, ξ and relatively high σ anomalies, resulting in high heat flow, CO2 concentrations and fluxes at the surface, and predominantly crustal-derived gases. The intermediate area (Zone B) also dominated by thrust and strike-slip faults is an extraordinary zone, where intensely locked-fault were clearly revealed, while the predominant anisotropic FVDs in the middle crust changed obviously, more contribution of shallow gas component was detected, and CO2 flux, heat flow, and regional ε, ξ, and σ in the upper crust were higher, compared with those in Zone A, which indicated the regional crushing fragmentation underneath Zone B. The adopted multidisciplinary approach demonstrated that Zone B is the convergent boundary between the Tibetan Plateau and the Ordos Block.
    Description: Published
    Description: 121386
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: fluids ; earthquakes ; helium ; Tibetan plateau
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Mount Etna as a terrestrial laboratory to investigate recent volcanic activity on Venus by future missions: A comparison with Idunn Mons, Venus (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: The recently selected missions to Venus have opened a new era for the exploration of this planet. These missions will provide information about the chemistry of the atmosphere, the geomorphology, local-to-regional surface composition, and the rheology of the interior. One key scientific question to be addressed by these future missions is whether Venus remains volcanically active, and if so, how its volcanism is currently evolving. Hence, it is fundamental to analyze appropriate terrestrial analog sites for the study of possibly active volcanism on Venus. To this regard, we propose Mount Etna - one of the most active and monitored volcanoes on Earth - as a suitable terrestrial laboratory for remote and in-situ investigations to be performed by future missions to Venus. Being characterized by both effusive and explosive volcanic products, Mount Etna offers the opportunity to analyze multiple eruptive styles, both monitoring active volcanism and identifying the possible occurrence of pyroclastic activity on Venus. We directly compare Mount Etna with Idunn Mons, one of the most promising potentially active volcanoes of Venus. Despite the two structures show a different topography, they also show some interesting points of comparison, and in particular: a) comparable morpho-structural setting, since both volcanoes interact with a rift zone, and b) morphologically similar volcanic fields around both Mount Etna and Idunn Mons. Given its ease of access, we also propose Mount Etna as an analog site for laboratory spectroscopic studies to identify the signatures of unaltered volcanic deposits on Venus.
    Description: Published
    Description: 115959
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of a lower to middle Permian terrestrial composite succession from the Catalan Pyrenees: Implications for the evolution of tetrapod ecosystems in equatorial Pangaea (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-22
    Description: Tetrapod diversity in Permian terrestrial ecosystems of southwestern Europe is poorly recorded by bone specimens, but it is better represented by an important tetrapod ichnological record that is relevant to our understanding of vertebrate communities in the equatorial Pangaea. Herein, two tetrapod ichnoassociations from three new ichnosites, within Cisuralian and Guadalupian volcanosedimentary terrestrial successions (the Lower Red Unit and the Upper Red Unit deposits) of the Castellar de n’Hug sub-basin (Catalan Pyrenees, NE Iberian Peninsula) are presented. Tetrapod ichnology in combination with stratigraphic and facies analyses permit a characterisation of these ecosystems. The sedimentary deposits show an evolution from fluvial meandering systems to playa-lake floodplains, denoting increased aridification and seasonality under a monsoonal regime. The ichnofossil record shows how tetrapod assemblages shifted from a prevalence of non-amniotes and eureptiles to a dominance of therapsids, eureptiles and parareptiles. The reported ichnotaxa are distributed in two ichnoassociations. The first preserves Batrachichnus, Dromopus, Hyloidichnus, Characichnos and an indeterminate tetrapod morphotype, whereas the second is defined by the presence of Dromopus, Hyloidichnus, Brontopus antecursor and Pachypes. The stratigraphically older ichnoassociation, preserved in volcaniclastic and fluvial deposits, presents features of the early Erpetopus biochron, whereas the stratigraphically younger one, preserved in playa-lake deposits, is constrained to the Brontopus sub-biochron. Biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data suggest a late Cisuralian to middle Guadalupian age for the whole succession. The ichnoassemblage highlights a palaeobiogeographical connection between the Pyrenean Basin and other peri-Tethyan basins, which allows us to expand our knowledge about the palaeoecology and palaeobiodiversity of the Cisuralian to Guadalupian terrestrial ecosystems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 111837
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Developing expert scientific consensus on the environmental and societal effects of marine artificial structures prior to decommissioning (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Environmental Management, Elsevier, 352, pp. 119897-119897, ISSN: 0301-4797
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Thousands of artificial (‘human-made’) structures are present in the marine environment, many at or approaching end-of-life and requiring urgent decisions regarding their decommissioning. No consensus has been reached on which decommissioning option(s) result in optimal environmental and societal outcomes, in part, owing to a paucity of evidence from real-world decommissioning case studies. To address this significant challenge, we asked a worldwide panel of scientists to provide their expert opinion. They were asked to identify and characterise the ecosystem effects of artificial structures in the sea, their causes and consequences, and to identify which, if any, should be retained following decommissioning. Experts considered that most of the pressures driving ecological and societal effects from marine artificial structures (MAS) were of medium severity, occur frequently, and are dependent on spatial scale with local-scale effects of greater magnitude than regional effects. The duration of many effects following decommissioning were considered to be relatively short, in the order of days. Overall, environmental effects of structures were considered marginally undesirable, while societal effects marginally desirable. Experts therefore indicated that any decision to leave MAS in place at end-of-life to be more beneficial to society than the natural environment. However, some individual environmental effects were considered desirable and worthy of retention, especially in certain geographic locations, where structures can support improved trophic linkages, increases in tourism, habitat provision, and population size, and provide stability in population dynamics. The expert analysis consensus that the effects of MAS are both negative and positive for the environment and society, gives no strong support for policy change whether removal or retention is favoured until further empirical evidence is available to justify change to the status quo. The combination of desirable and undesirable effects associated with MAS present a significant challenge for policy- and decision-makers in their justification to implement decommissioning options. Decisions may need to be decided on a case-by-case basis accounting for the trade-off in costs and benefits at a local level.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Benchmarking a new 2.5D shallow water model for lava flows (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-26
    Description: Lava flows associated with effusive volcanic eruptions require accurate modelling in order to forecast potential paths of destruction. This study presents a new depth-averaged model that overcomes the classical shallow water hypothesis by incorporating several enhancements, allowing for a more precise representation of the flow dynamics and behaviour: (i) a parabolic profile which captures the vertical variations in velocity within the flow; (ii) a non-constant vertical profile for temperature, enabling a more realistic representation of thermal gradients within the flowing lava; (iii) a viscoplastic temperature-dependent viscosity model to account for the non-Newtonian behaviour of lava; (iv) a transport equation for temperature accounting for the thermal heat exchanges with the environment and the soil. The first two modifications allow us to describe, under reasonable assumptions, the vertical structure of the flow, and for this reason, we put our model in the class of 2.5D models. To assess the performance of our modified model, comprehensive benchmark tests are conducted using both laboratory experiments and real-world lava flow data related to the 2014–2015 Pico do Fogo, Cape Verde, effusive eruption. The benchmarking analysis demonstrates that this model accurately reproduces, with short execution times, essential flow features such as flow front advancement and cooling processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107935
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Lava flows ; numerical model ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    PAPER (OA)
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...