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  • Nature Publishing Group  (78,322)
  • 2000-2004  (15,140)
  • 1980-1984  (17,607)
  • 1975-1979  (18,006)
  • 1960-1964  (27,569)
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  • 1
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    Tropical climate changes at millennial and orbital timescales on the Bolivian Altiplano (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 409 (6821). pp. 698-701.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: Tropical South America is one of the three main centres of the global, zonal overturning circulation of the equatorial atmosphere (generally termed the 'Walker' circulation1). Although this area plays a key role in global climate cycles, little is known about South American climate history. Here we describe sediment cores and down-hole logging results of deep drilling in the Salar de Uyuni, on the Bolivian Altiplano, located in the tropical Andes. We demonstrate that during the past 50,000 years the Altiplano underwent important changes in effective moisture at both orbital (20,000-year) and millennial timescales. Long-duration wet periods, such as the Last Glacial Maximum—marked in the drill core by continuous deposition of lacustrine sediments—appear to have occurred in phase with summer insolation maxima produced by the Earth's precessional cycle. Short-duration, millennial events correlate well with North Atlantic cold events, including Heinrich events 1 and 2, as well as the Younger Dryas episode. At both millennial and orbital timescales, cold sea surface temperatures in the high-latitude North Atlantic were coeval with wet conditions in tropical South America, suggesting a common forcing.
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  • 2
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    A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 417 (6884). pp. 63-67.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-07
    Description: According to small subunit ribosomal RNA (ss rRNA) sequence comparisons all known Archaea belong to the phyla Crenarchaeota, Euryarchaeota, and—indicated only by environmental DNA sequences—to the 'Korarchaeota'1, 2. Here we report the cultivation of a new nanosized hyperthermophilic archaeon from a submarine hot vent. This archaeon cannot be attached to one of these groups and therefore must represent an unknown phylum which we name 'Nanoarchaeota' and species, which we name 'Nanoarchaeum equitans'. Cells of 'N. equitans' are spherical, and only about 400 nm in diameter. They grow attached to the surface of a specific archaeal host, a new member of the genus Ignicoccus3. The distribution of the 'Nanoarchaeota' is so far unknown. Owing to their unusual ss rRNA sequence, members remained undetectable by commonly used ecological studies based on the polymerase chain reaction4. 'N. equitans' harbours the smallest archaeal genome; it is only 0.5 megabases in size. This organism will provide insight into the evolution of thermophily, of tiny genomes and of interspecies communication.
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  • 3
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    The blind octopus, Cirrothauma (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 547-549.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-20
    Description: THE rare deep-sea octopod Cirrothauma murrayi Chun 1910 was first described from a single specimen caught during the Michael Sars Expedition of 1910 (ref. 1). Until now it has been caught only four more times2. We describe here three specimens of this species that were recently caught during biological cruises of RRS Discovery (Fig. 1). All of these animals, including the Discovery ones, have been caught at depths of more than 1,500 m, except one that was dip-netted through the ice of the Arctic Ocean3.
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  • 4
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    Respiratory and swimming movements in the cephalopod Cranchia scabra (1962)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 196 (4852). pp. 351-352.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-09-09
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  • 5
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    Volcanics from the Sierra Leone Rise (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 275 (5680). pp. 536-538.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-01-22
    Description: THE Sierra Leone Rise, located in the east equatorial Atlantic, forms a discontinuous chain of seamounts as shallow as 2 km extending with a general NE–SW trend from near the Sierra Leone coast of Africa, to the St Paul fracture zone near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Fig. 1). The origin of this feature has remained a topic of discussion. Sheridan et al.1 have hypothesised that the Sierra Leone Rise is a volcanic structure formed at the beginning of the opening of the Atlantic in the early Cretaceous period. The twin features of the Sierra Leone and the Ceara Rises are probably of oceanic origin and were created 80 Myr ago or later in their present-day position with respect to Africa and South America2. The Atlantic ocean exhibits several similar aseismic structures which appear symmetrically oriented with respect to the mid-oceanic ridge, such as the Walvis–Rio Grande Rise and the Iceland Faeroes–Iceland Greenland Ridges. These structures are volcanic edifices having a composition similar to that found in their associated islands3–7. Deep sea drilling of the Ceara Rise8,9 penetrated a basaltic basement of the upper Cretaceous period (Maestrichtian) (Leg 39, Site 354). Similarly, a DSDP hole (Leg 41, Site 366) on the Sierra Leone Rise, penetrated sediments of the same period, without reaching basement10. We report here the discovery of alkali-rich volcanics in an area of the Sierra Leone Rise. The sediment overlying the rock fragments is aged ∼45 Myr.
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  • 6
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    Termination of global warmth at the Palaeocene/Eocene boundary through productivity feedback (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 (6801). pp. 171-174.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-04
    Description: The onset of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum (about 55 Myr ago) was marked by global surface temperatures warming by 5–7 °C over approximately 30,000 yr (ref. 1), probably because of enhanced mantle outgassing2, 3 and the pulsed release of approx1,500 gigatonnes of methane carbon from decomposing gas-hydrate reservoirs4, 5, 6, 7. The aftermath of this rapid, intense and global warming event may be the best example in the geological record of the response of the Earth to high atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and high temperatures. This response has been suggested to include an intensified flux of organic carbon from the ocean surface to the deep ocean and its subsequent burial through biogeochemical feedback mechanisms8. Here we present firm evidence for this view from two ocean drilling cores, which record the largest accumulation rates of biogenic barium—indicative of export palaeoproductivity—at times of maximum global temperatures and peak excursion values of delta13C. The unusually rapid return of delta13C to values similar to those before the methane release7 and the apparent coupling of the accumulation rates of biogenic barium to temperature, suggests that the enhanced deposition of organic matter to the deep sea may have efficiently cooled this greenhouse climate by the rapid removal of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.
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  • 7
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    Conservation: Biogeography of the Indonesian coelacanths (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 403 (6765). p. 38.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-07-06
    Description: Living coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) are normally found only in the western Indian Ocean, where they inhabit submarine caves in the Comores Islands. Two specimens have since been caught off the island of Manado Tua, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, some 10,000 kilometres away. We sought to determine the ecological and geographic distribution of Indonesian coelacanth populations with a view to drawing up conservation measures for this extremely rare fish. During our explorations, we discovered two living Indonesian coelacanths 360 km southwest of Manado Tua.
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  • 8
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    Continental margin fault pattern mapped south-west of Ireland (1977)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 268 (5622). pp. 720-722.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-15
    Description: A SIMPLE model for continental basement structures at rifted continental margins comprises large fault blocks which trend approximately parallel to, and step down towards, the continental–ocean boundary (for example, see ref. 1). These blocks may be cut by faults which strike across the margin, and, in many theoretical discussions, are shown as being separated from the true oceanic crust by an intermediate zone (see transitional crust of Fig. 3, ref. 2). On many rifted margins these features are deeply buried by young sediments and cannot be stutied in detail. On Goban Spur (Fig. 1), a marginal plateau south-west of Ireland, the young sediment cover is abnormally thin, however, and we have been able to map in detail a 150 km wide continental basement fracture pattern of horsts and grabens using a simple seismic reflection system (160 inch3 air-gun and two-channel hydrophone array). We also suggest a location for the continent–ocean boundary between the Spur and Porcupine Abyssal Plain. There are few previously published data from Goban Spur relevant to our study, although valuable sampling3 and geophysical3–5 results have been obtained north and south of the area.
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  • 9
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    The effects of surfactants on spilling breaking waves (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 421 (6922). pp. 520-523.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-05-10
    Description: Breaking waves markedly increase the rates of air–sea transfer of momentum, energy and mass. In light to moderate wind conditions, spilling breakers with short wavelengths are observed frequently. Theory and laboratory experiments have shown that, as these waves approach breaking in clean water, a ripple pattern that is dominated by surface tension forms at the crest. Under laboratory conditions and in theory, the transition to turbulent flow is triggered by flow separation under the ripples, typically without leading to overturning of the free surface15. Water surfaces in nature, however, are typically contaminated by surfactant films that alter the surface tension and produce surface elasticity and viscosity16, 17. Here we present the results of laboratory experiments in which spilling breaking waves were generated mechanically in water with a range of surfactant concentrations. We find significant changes in the breaking process owing to surfactants. At the highest concentration of surfactants, a small plunging jet issues from the front face of the wave at a point below the wave crest and entraps a pocket of air on impact with the front face of the wave. The bubbles and turbulence created during this process are likely to increase air–sea transfer.
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  • 10
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    Relative departures in July temperatures in northern Canada for the past 6,000 yr (1981)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 289 (5794). pp. 164-167.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-04-11
    Description: There has been concern about recent temperature trends and the future effects of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere1,2; but instrumental records only cover a few decades to a few centuries and it is essential that proxy data sources, such as pollen spectra from peats and lake sediments, be carefully interpreted as climate records. Several workers have shown statistically significant associations between the modern pollen rain and climatic parameters, an approach that by-passes the recognition of pollen/vegetation units. Statistically defined equations that associate abiotic and biotic elements are called transfer functions. We report here on the application of transfer function equations to nine middle and late Holocene peat and lake sediment sequences from northern Canada (Fig. 1).
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  • 11
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    Particulate organic carbon flux in the oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 288 (5788). pp. 260-263.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-03-01
    Description: Organic detritus passing from the sea surface through the water column to the sea floor controls nutrient regeneration, fuels benthic life and affects burial of organic carbon in the sediment record. Particle trap systems have enabled the first quantification of this important process. The results suggest that the dominant mechanism of vertical transport is by rapid settling of rare large particles, most likely of faecal pellets or marine snow of the order of 〉200 μm in diameter, whereas the more frequent small particles have an insignificant role in vertical mass flux4–6. The ultimate source of organic detritus is biological production in surface waters of the oceans. I determine here an empirical relationship that predicts organic carbon flux at any depth in the oceans below the base of the euphotic zone as a function of the mean net primary production rate at the surface and depth-dependent consumption. Such a relationship aids in estimating rates of decay of organic matter in the water column, benthic and water column respiration of oxygen in the deep sea and burial of organic carbon in the sediment record.
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  • 12
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    The ‘zero charge’ partitioning behaviour of noble gases during mantle melting (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 423 (6941). pp. 738-741.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-24
    Description: Noble-gas geochemistry is an important tool for understanding planetary processes from accretion to mantle dynamics and atmospheric formation. Central to much of the modelling of such processes is the crystal–melt partitioning of noble gases during mantle melting, magma ascent and near-surface degassing5. Geochemists have traditionally considered the 'inert' noble gases to be extremely incompatible elements, with almost 100 per cent extraction efficiency from the solid phase during melting processes. Previously published experimental data on partitioning between crystalline silicates and melts has, however, suggested that noble gases approach compatible behaviour, and a significant proportion should therefore remain in the mantle during melt extraction. Here we present experimental data to show that noble gases are more incompatible than previously demonstrated, but not necessarily to the extent assumed or required by geochemical models. Independent atomistic computer simulations indicate that noble gases can be considered as species of 'zero charge' incorporated at crystal lattice sites. Together with the lattice strain model9, 10, this provides a theoretical framework with which to model noble-gas geochemistry as a function of residual mantle mineralogy.
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  • 13
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    Genomic islands in pathogenic and environmental microorganisms (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2 (5). pp. 414-424.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-06-23
    Description: Horizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism for the evolution of microbial genomes. Pathogenicity islands — mobile genetic elements that contribute to rapid changes in virulence potential — are known to have contributed to genome evolution by horizontal gene transfer in many bacterial pathogens. Increasing evidence indicates that equivalent elements in non-pathogenic species — genomic islands — are important in the evolution of these bacteria, influencing traits such as antibiotic resistance, symbiosis and fitness, and adaptation in general. This review discusses the recent lessons that have been learned from pathogenicity islands in pathogenic microorganisms and how they apply to the role of genomic islands in commensal, symbiotic and environmental bacteria.
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  • 14
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    Consumer versus resource control of species diversity and ecosystem functioning (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Geoscience, 417 . pp. 848-851.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: A key question in ecology is which factors control species diversity in a community1, 2, 3. Two largely separate groups of ecologists have emphasized the importance of productivity or resource supply, and consumers or physical disturbance, respectively. These variables show unimodal relationships with diversity when manipulated in isolation4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Recent multivariate models9, 10, however, predict that these factors interact, such that the disturbance–diversity relationship depends on productivity, and vice versa. We tested these models in marine food webs, using field manipulations of nutrient resources and consumer pressure on rocky shores of contrasting productivity. Here we show that the effects of consumers and nutrients on diversity consistently depend on each other, and that the direction of their effects and peak diversity shift between sites of low and high productivity. Factorial meta-analysis of published experiments confirms these results across widely varying aquatic communities. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrate that these patterns extend to important ecosystem functions such as carbon storage and nitrogen retention. This suggests that human impacts on nutrient supply11 and food-web structure12, 13 have strong and interdependent effects on species diversity and ecosystem functioning, and must therefore be managed together.
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  • 15
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    When the Earth moved: How Earth scientists developed the theory of plate tectonics (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 417 . pp. 487-488.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: BOOK REVIEWED: Plate Tectonics: An Insider's History of the Modern Theory of the Earth / edited by Naomi Oreskes Westview Press: 2001. 448 pp.
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  • 16
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    Break-up of the Atlantic Deep Western Boundary Current into eddies at 8°S (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 432 . pp. 1018-1020.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-09
    Description: The existence in the ocean of deep western boundary currents, which connect the high-latitude regions where deep water is formed with upwelling regions as part of the global ocean circulation, was postulated more than 40 years ago1. These ocean currents have been found adjacent to the continental slopes of all ocean basins, and have core depths between 1,500 and 4,000 m. In the Atlantic Ocean, the deep western boundary current is estimated to carry (10–40) times 106 m3 s-1 of water2, 3, 4, 5, transporting North Atlantic Deep Water—from the overflow regions between Greenland and Scotland and from the Labrador Sea—into the South Atlantic and the Antarctic circumpolar current. Here we present direct velocity and water mass observations obtained in the period 2000 to 2003, as well as results from a numerical ocean circulation model, showing that the Atlantic deep western boundary current breaks up at 8° S. Southward of this latitude, the transport of North Atlantic Deep Water into the South Atlantic Ocean is accomplished by migrating eddies, rather than by a continuous flow. Our model simulation indicates that the deep western boundary current breaks up into eddies at the present intensity of meridional overturning circulation. For weaker overturning, continuation as a stable, laminar boundary flow seems possible.
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  • 17
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    In situ experimental evidence of the fate of a phytodetritus pulse at the abyssal sea floor (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 424 . pp. 763-765.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: More than 50% of the Earth' s surface is sea floor below 3,000 m of water. Most of this major reservoir in the global carbon cycle and final repository for anthropogenic wastes is characterized by severe food limitation. Phytodetritus is the major food source for abyssal benthic communities, and a large fraction of the annual food load can arrive in pulses within a few days1, 2. Owing to logistical constraints, the available data concerning the fate of such a pulse are scattered3, 4 and often contradictory5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, hampering global carbon modelling and anthropogenic impact assessments. We quantified (over a period of 2.5 to 23 days) the response of an abyssal benthic community to a phytodetritus pulse, on the basis of 11 in situ experiments. Here we report that, in contrast to previous hypotheses5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, the sediment community oxygen consumption doubled immediately, and that macrofauna were very important for initial carbon degradation. The retarded response of bacteria and Foraminifera, the restriction of microbial carbon degradation to the sediment surface, and the low total carbon turnover distinguish abyssal from continental-slope ‘deep-sea’ sediments.
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  • 18
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    Paleoceanographic implications of genetic variation in living North Atlantic Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 424 (6946). pp. 299-302.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: The shells of the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma have become a classical tool for reconstructing glacial–interglacial climate conditions in the North Atlantic Ocean1, 2, 3. Palaeoceanographers utilize its left- and right-coiling variants, which exhibit a distinctive reciprocal temperature and water mass related shift in faunal abundance both at present and in late Quaternary sediments1, 2, 4, 5. Recently discovered cryptic genetic diversity in planktonic foraminifers6, 7, 8 now poses significant questions for these studies. Here we report genetic evidence demonstrating that the apparent ‘single species’ shell-based records of right-coiling N. pachyderma used in palaeoceanographic reconstructions contain an alternation in species as environmental factors change. This is reflected in a species-dependent incremental shift in right-coiling N. pachyderma shell calcite δ18O between the Last Glacial Maximum and full Holocene conditions. Guided by the percentage dextral coiling ratio, our findings enhance the use of δ18O records of right-coiling N. pachyderma for future study. They also highlight the need to genetically investigate other important morphospecies to refine their accuracy and reliability as palaeoceanographic proxies.
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  • 19
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    Palaeoceanography: Antarctic stratification and glacial CO2 (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 412 . pp. 605-606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: One way of accounting for lowered atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations during Pleistocene glacial periods is by invoking the Antarctic stratification hypothesis, which links the reduction in CO2 to greater stratification of ocean surface waters around Antarctica1, 2. As discussed by Sigman and Boyle3, this hypothesis assumes that increased stratification in the Antarctic zone (Fig. 1) was associated with reduced upwelling of deep waters around Antarctica, thereby allowing CO2 outgassing to be suppressed by biological production while also allowing biological production to decline, which is consistent with Antarctic sediment records4. We point out here, however, that the response of ocean eddies to increased Antarctic stratification can be expected to increase, rather than reduce, the upwelling rate of deep waters around Antarctica. The stratification hypothesis may have difficulty in accommodating eddy feedbacks on upwelling within the constraints imposed by reconstructions of winds and Antarctic-zone productivity in glacial periods.
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  • 20
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    Strong hemispheric coupling of glacial climate through continental freshwater discharge and ocean circulation (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 430 . pp. 851-856.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: The climate of the last glacial period was extremely variable, characterized by abrupt warming events in the Northern Hemisphere, accompanied by slower temperature changes in Antarctica and variations of global sea level. It is generally accepted that this millennial-scale climate variability was caused by abrupt changes in the ocean thermohaline circulation. Here we use a coupled ocean–atmosphere–sea ice model to show that freshwater discharge into the North Atlantic Ocean, in addition to a reduction of the thermohaline circulation, has a direct effect on Southern Ocean temperature. The related anomalous oceanic southward heat transport arises from a zonal density gradient in the subtropical North Atlantic caused by a fast wave-adjustment process. We present an extended and quantitative bipolar seesaw concept that explains the timing and amplitude of Greenland and Antarctic temperature changes, the slow changes in Antarctic temperature and its similarity to sea level, as well as a possible time lag of sea level with respect to Antarctic temperature during Marine Isotope Stage 3.
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  • 21
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    Oceanic respite for wandering albatrosses (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 406 . pp. 955-956.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Birds taking time off from breeding head for their favourite long-haul destinations. What oceanic seabirds do outside their breeding periods is something of a mystery, although altogether these "sabbaticals' add up to more than half of their lifetime and are probably a key feature of their life history. Here we use geolocation systems based on light-intensity measurements to show that during these periods wandering albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) leave the foraging grounds that they frequent while breeding for specific, individual oceanic sectors and spend the rest of the year there — each bird probably returns to the same area throughout its life. This discovery of individual home-range preferences outside the breeding season has important implications for the conservation of albatrosses threatened by the development of longline fisheries.
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  • 22
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    Iron and phosphorus co-limit nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 429 . pp. 292-294.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
    Description: The role of iron in enhancing phytoplankton productivity in high nutrient, low chlorophyll oceanic regions was demonstrated first through iron-addition bioassay experiments1 and subsequently confirmed by large-scale iron fertilization experiments2. Iron supply has been hypothesized to limit nitrogen fixation and hence oceanic primary productivity on geological timescales3, providing an alternative to phosphorus as the ultimate limiting nutrient4. Oceanographic observations have been interpreted both to confirm and refute this hypothesis5, 6, but direct experimental evidence is lacking7. We conducted experiments to test this hypothesis during the Meteor 55 cruise to the tropical North Atlantic. This region is rich in diazotrophs8 and strongly impacted by Saharan dust input9. Here we show that community primary productivity was nitrogen-limited, and that nitrogen fixation was co-limited by iron and phosphorus. Saharan dust addition stimulated nitrogen fixation, presumably by supplying both iron and phosphorus10, 11. Our results support the hypothesis that aeolian mineral dust deposition promotes nitrogen fixation in the eastern tropical North Atlantic.
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  • 23
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    Deep Roots of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 422 . pp. 602-606.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The Messinian salinity crisis—the desiccation of the Mediterranean Sea between 5.96 and 5.33 million years (Myr) ago1—was one of the most dramatic events on Earth during the Cenozoic era2. It resulted from the closure of marine gateways between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, the causes of which remain enigmatic. Here we use the age and composition of volcanic rocks to reconstruct the geodynamic evolution of the westernmost Mediterranean from the Middle Miocene epoch to the Pleistocene epoch (about 12.1–0.65 Myr ago). Our data show that a marked shift in the geochemistry of mantle-derived volcanic rocks, reflecting a change from subduction-related to intraplate-type volcanism, occurred between 6.3 and 4.8 Myr ago, largely synchronous with the Messinian salinity crisis. Using a thermomechanical model, we show that westward roll back of subducted Tethys oceanic lithosphere and associated asthenospheric upwelling provides a plausible mechanism for producing the shift in magma chemistry and the necessary uplift (approx1 km) along the African and Iberian continental margins to close the Miocene marine gateways, thereby causing the Messinian salinity crisis.
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  • 24
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    Managing fisheries in a changing climate (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 429 .
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-10
    Description: No need to wait for more information: industrialized fishing is already wiping out stocks.
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  • 25
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    Polysaccharide aggregation as a potential sink of marine dissolved organic carbon (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 428 . pp. 929-932.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The formation and sinking of biogenic particles mediate vertical mass fluxes and drive elemental cycling in the ocean1. Whereas marine sciences have focused primarily on particle production by phytoplankton growth, particle formation by the assembly of organic macromolecules has almost been neglected2, 3. Here we show, by means of a combined experimental and modelling study, that the formation of polysaccharide particles is an important pathway to convert dissolved into particulate organic carbon during phytoplankton blooms, and can be described in terms of aggregation kinetics. Our findings suggest that aggregation processes in the ocean cascade from the molecular scale up to the size of fast-settling particles, and give new insights into the cycling and export of biogeochemical key elements such as carbon, iron and thorium.
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    Effect of trace metal availability on coccolithophorid calcification (2004)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 430 . pp. 673-676.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-09-23
    Description: The deposition of atmospheric dust into the ocean has varied considerably over geological time1, 2. Because some of the trace metals contained in dust are essential plant nutrients which can limit phytoplankton growth in parts of the ocean, it has been suggested that variations in dust supply to the surface ocean might influence primary production3, 4. Whereas the role of trace metal availability in photosynthetic carbon fixation has received considerable attention, its effect on biogenic calcification is virtually unknown. The production of both particulate organic carbon and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) drives the ocean's biological carbon pump. The ratio of particulate organic carbon to CaCO3 export, the so-called rain ratio, is one of the factors determining CO2 sequestration in the deep ocean. Here we investigate the influence of the essential trace metals iron and zinc on the prominent CaCO3-producing microalga Emiliania huxleyi. We show that whereas at low iron concentrations growth and calcification are equally reduced, low zinc concentrations result in a de-coupling of the two processes. Despite the reduced growth rate of zinc-limited cells, CaCO3 production rates per cell remain unaffected, thus leading to highly calcified cells. These results suggest that changes in dust deposition can affect biogenic calcification in oceanic regions characterized by trace metal limitation, with possible consequences for CO2 partitioning between the atmosphere and the ocean.
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    Directly measured mid-depth circulation in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 419 . pp. 603-607.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: The circulation of water masses in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean has a strong influence on global climate owing to the northward transport of warm subtropical water to high latitudes1. But the ocean circulation at depths below the reach of satellite observations is difficult to measure, and only recently have comprehensive, direct observations of whole ocean basins been possible2, 3, 4. Here we present quantitative maps of the absolute velocities at two levels in the northeastern North Atlantic as obtained from acoustically tracked floats. We find that most of the mean flow transported northward by the Gulf Stream system at the thermocline level (about 600 m depth) remains within the subpolar region, and only relatively little enters the Rockall trough or the Nordic seas. Contrary to previous work5, 6, our data indicate that warm, saline water from the Mediterranean Sea reaches the high latitudes through a combination of narrow slope currents and mixing processes. At both depths under investigation, currents cross the Mid-Atlantic Ridge preferentially over deep gaps in the ridge, demonstrating that sea-floor topography can constrain even upper-ocean circulation patterns.
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    Meandering of the subtropical front south-east of the Azores (1982)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 300 (5889). pp. 245-246.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-08
    Description: A subtropical front was observed in the area south and southeast of the Azores during cruises of FS Meteor and FS Poseidon in early 1982. The front has a basically west–east extension, with considerable meandering observed. Meso-scale eddies are found on both sides. The overall flow pattern corresponds to earlier results on geopotential differences in the upper northeast Atlantic, but the baroclinic transport of the order of 107 m3 s−1 is found to be concentrated in a 60-km wide jet. We suggest here that the current band is part of the gyre circulation, resulting from a branching of the North Atlantic Current.
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  • 29
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    Fluxes of biogenic components from sediment trap deployment in circumpolar waters of the Drake Passage (1982)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 299 (5879). pp. 145-147.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-21
    Description: Circumpolar surface waters dominate the circulation of the Southern Ocean and sustain one of the ocean's largest standing stocks of biomass thereby producing a significant output of biogenic components, mainly diatoms, to the bottom sediments. Generally transit of biogenic matter from the sea surface to the sea floor affects nutrient regeneration fuels benthic life and transfers signals to the sediment record1–5. Reliable quantification of the relationship between biological production, fractionation of skeletal and tissue components and bottom sediment accumulation depends on direct vertical flux measurements from sediment trap deployments6–9, which have proved to be most scientifically productive10–13. We now present data on vertical mass fluxes from the Southern Ocean and evidence for strong biogeochemical fractionation between organic carbon-, nitrogen- and phosphorus-containing compounds, siliceous and calcareous skeletal remains, and refractory aluminosilicates.
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  • 30
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    Glacial and interglacial wind regimes over the eastern subtropical Atlantic and North-West Africa (1981)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 293 (5829). pp. 193-196.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: Analysis of aeolo-marine dust deposits in the subtropical eastern Atlantic enables the strength of the major wind patterns during the late Quaternary to be evaluated and gives an insight into the climate of North Africa.
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  • 31
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    Sand deserts during glacial maximum and climatic optimum (1978)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 272 (5648). pp. 43-46.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-02
    Description: The past 20,000 yr have witnessed tremendous climatic changes, a glacial maximum at about 18,000 yr BP and a climatic optimum centred on about 6,000 yr BP, both of which mark extreme situations for the Quaternary. This paper attempts to show that active sand dunes were extensive 18,000 yr ago. Conversely, it seems that sand dunes were generally dormant 6,000 yr ago. Thus the former textbook concept1,2 of an arid climatic optimum and a pluvially active glacial maximum is reversed.
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    Global change: Monsoon linkages (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 421 (6921). pp. 324-325.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: An excellent sediment record from the Arabian Sea traces recent patterns in the activity of the Asian monsoon. It reveals both variability in monsoon strength and links with climatic events elsewhere. The monsoon is the main determinant of environmental conditions over much of Asia, and so affects the most densely populated region on Earth. Differential heating of the north Indian Ocean and the northwest Pacific, and of the Asian land-mass, cause the seasonal reversal of monsoon winds. In summer, these winds blow northwards over the northern Indian Ocean, carrying huge amounts of moisture over the neighbouring land. The ensuing heavy rainfall can have devastating consequences for human life and livelihood. Conversely, agriculture in Asia depends on monsoon rains; and the seasonal upwelling of nutrient-laden subsurface waters, driven by monsoon winds, is essential to the success of coastal fisheries.
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  • 33
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    Magmatic and amagmatic seafloor generation at the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel ridge, Arctic Ocean (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 423 (6943). pp. 956-961.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-19
    Description: A high-resolution mapping and sampling study of the Gakkel ridge was accomplished during an international ice-breaker expedition to the high Arctic and North Pole in summer 2001. For this slowest-spreading endmember of the global mid-ocean-ridge system, predictions were that magmatism should progressively diminish as the spreading rate decreases along the ridge, and that hydrothermal activity should be rare. Instead, it was found that magmatic variations are irregular, and that hydrothermal activity is abundant. A 300-kilometre-long central amagmatic zone, where mantle peridotites are emplaced directly in the ridge axis, lies between abundant, continuous volcanism in the west, and large, widely spaced volcanic centres in the east. These observations demonstrate that the extent of mantle melting is not a simple function of spreading rate: mantle temperatures at depth or mantle chemistry (or both) must vary significantly along-axis. Highly punctuated volcanism in the absence of ridge offsets suggests that first-order ridge segmentation is controlled by mantle processes of melting and melt segregation. The strong focusing of magmatic activity coupled with faulting may account for the unexpectedly high levels of hydrothermal activity observed.
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    Power from the deep (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Biotechnology, 20 (8). pp. 788-789.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-22
    Description: normous amounts of potential energy lie buried in marine sediments in the form of reduced carbon compounds. The most familiar form of this vast energy reserve is petroleum, which drives the lion's share of today's energy economy. The next most obvious submarine energy reserve, even more abundant than petroleum, is methane. At deep-sea conditions of low temperature and high pressure, large amounts of this natural gas are found in sub-seafloor reservoirs of frozen methane hydrates [1]. Yet there is another abundant, but less obvious, marine energy reserve: sediment-associated organic carbon, which represents about 2% of the dry weight of marine sediments along continental margins. Is it possible to tap into this vast, dispersed form of submarine energy? If so, how? The answer, in part, is that microbes already have tapped into this large energy reserve. Now, in two papers, one in this issue [2] and the other in a previous issue of Science [3], researchers harness microbially generated power by constructing a fuel cell that can exploit the naturally occurring voltage gradient created by microbial activity in marine sediments.
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    Mantle thermal pulses below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and temporal variations in the formation of oceanic lithosphere (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 423 (6939). pp. 499-505.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-02-26
    Description: A 20-Myr record of creation of oceanic lithosphere is exposed along a segment of the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge on an uplifted sliver of lithosphere. The degree of melting of the mantle that is upwelling below the ridge, estimated from the chemistry of the exposed mantle rocks, as well as crustal thickness inferred from gravity measurements, show oscillations of ∼3–4 Myr superimposed on a longer-term steady increase with time. The time lag between oscillations of mantle melting and crustal thickness indicates that the mantle is upwelling at an average rate of ∼25 mm yr-1, but this appears to vary through time. Slow-spreading lithosphere seems to form through dynamic pulses of mantle upwelling and melting, leading not only to along-axis segmentation but also to across-axis structural variability. Also, the central Mid-Atlantic Ridge appears to have become steadily hotter over the past 20 Myr, possibly owing to north–south mantle flow.
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  • 36
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    Harnessing microbially generated power on the seafloor (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature Biotechnology, 20 (8). pp. 821-825.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-22
    Description: In many marine environments, a voltage gradient exists across the water sediment interface resulting from sedimentary microbial activity. Here we show that a fuel cell consisting of an anode embedded in marine sediment and a cathode in overlying seawater can use this voltage gradient to generate electrical power in situ. Fuel cells of this design generated sustained power in a boat basin carved into a salt marsh near Tuckerton, New Jersey, and in the Yaquina Bay Estuary near Newport, Oregon. Retrieval and analysis of the Tuckerton fuel cell indicates that power generation results from at least two anode reactions: oxidation of sediment sulfide (a by-product of microbial oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon) and oxidation of sedimentary organic carbon catalyzed by microorganisms colonizing the anode. These results demonstrate in real marine environments a new form of power generation that uses an immense, renewable energy reservoir (sedimentary organic carbon) and has near-immediate application.
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  • 37
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    Biogeography of the Indonesian coelacanths (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 403 (6765). p. 38.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-11
    Description: Living coelacanths (Latimeria chalumnae) are normally found only in the western Indian Ocean, where they inhabit submarine caves in the Comores Islands1. Two specimens have since been caught off the island of Manado Tua, north Sulawesi, Indonesia, some 10,000 kilometres away2. We sought to determine the ecological and geographic distribution of Indonesian coelacanth populations with a view to drawing up conservation measures for this extremely rare fish2,3. During our explorations, we discovered two living Indonesian coelacanths 360 km southwest of Manado Tua.
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  • 38
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    First fossil records of cephalopod statoliths (1975)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 257 (5525). pp. 380-381.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: THE class Cephalopoda is represented by over 10,000 fossil species and about 1,000 living species. Almost the entire fossil record so far described consists of external or internal calcareous shells of the Ammonoidea, the Nautiloidea and some members of the Coleoidea. The subclass Coleoidea includes all but three (Nautilus spp.) of the living species of cephalopods, and is represented in the fossil record largely by the order Belemnitida which is important from the early Jurassic to the Eocene. Another coleoid order, the Sepioidea, including the living Sepia and Spirula have internal calcareous shells, and have left traces from the Upper Jurassic (Voltzia) to the present. The three remaining coleoid orders, the Teuthoidea, the Vampyromorpha and the Octopodida include all the remaining living cephalopods, comprising 29 teuthoid or squid families, one vampyromorph family and 12 octopod families.
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  • 39
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    The first fossil cephalopod statoliths to be described from Europe (1980)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 287 (5783). pp. 628-630.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-15
    Description: Statoliths of cephalopods are small, hard calcareous stones which lie within the cartilaginous skulls of octopods, sepioids and teuthoids1. Fossil statoliths, clearly belonging to genera which are alive today, have previously been described from 11 Cenozoic deposits spanning from the Eocene to the Pleistocene in North America2–5. Such statoliths are of particular interest because they provide a means of studying the evolution of living cephalopod groups which have no calcareous shells, including the cosmopolitan and numerous teuthoids and octopods. Here, the first cephalopod statoliths to be recognized in European deposits are described and identified as Loligo sp. They are compared with the North American fossil Loligo species and statoliths removed from the two living Loligo species of Europe.
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  • 40
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    Mantle plume noble gas component in glassy basalts from Reykjanes Ridge (1983)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 305 (5933). pp. 403-407.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-23
    Description: Basalts from the Reykjanes Ridge contain noble gases delivered from the non-degassed lower mantle by the Iceland plume. These lower mantle gases are thought to be a mixture of planetary and solar components, as would be expected if the Earth accreted from fine silicate particles.
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  • 41
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    Turned out nice again (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 404 (6780). p. 814.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-25
    Description: Book review of: The Change in the Weather: People, Weather, and the Science of Climate by William K. Stevens Delacorte: 2000. 432 pp. $24.95
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  • 42
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    Earth science: The ultraslow difference (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 426 (6965). p. 401.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: The speed at which mid-ocean ridges grind out new ocean floor varies considerably. The slowest-spreading ridges are especially tough to study — but the latest data show that they are especially intriguing.
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  • 43
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    Bacterial growth and primary production along a north-south transect of the Atlantic Ocean (2002)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 416 . pp. 168-171.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: The oceanic carbon cycle is mainly determined by the combined activities of bacteria and phytoplankton, but the interdependence of climate, the carbon cycle and the microbes is not well understood. To elucidate this interdependence, we performed high-frequency sampling of sea water along a north-south transect of the Atlantic Ocean. Here we report that the interaction of bacteria and phytoplankton is closely related to the meridional profile of water temperature, a variable directly dependent on climate. Water temperature was positively correlated with the ratio of bacterial production to primary production, and, more strongly, with the ratio of bacterial carbon demand to primary production. In warm latitudes (25 degrees N to 30 degrees S), we observed alternating patches of predominantly heterotrophic and autotrophic community metabolism. The calculated regression lines (for data north and south of the Equator) between temperature and the ratio of bacterial production to primary production give a maximum value for this ratio of 40% in the oligotrophic equatorial regions. Taking into account a bacterial growth efficiency of 30%, the resulting area of net heterotrophy (where the bacterial carbon demand for growth plus respiration exceeds phytoplankton carbon fixation) expands from 8 degrees N (27 degrees C) to 20 degrees S (23 degrees C). This suggests an output of CO2 from parts of the ocean to the atmosphere.
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    A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 . pp. 695-702.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: Changes in iron supply to oceanic plankton are thought to have a significant effect on concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide by altering rates of carbon sequestration, a theory known as the 'iron hypothesis'. For this reason, it is important to understand the response of pelagic biota to increased iron supply. Here we report the results of a mesoscale iron fertilization experiment in the polar Southern Ocean, where the potential to sequester iron-elevated algal carbon is probably greatest. Increased iron supply led to elevated phytoplankton biomass and rates of photosynthesis in surface waters, causing a large drawdown of carbon dioxide and macronutrients, and elevated dimethyl sulphide levels after 13 days. This drawdown was mostly due to the proliferation of diatom stocks. But downward export of biogenic carbon was not increased. Moreover, satellite observations of this massive bloom 30 days later, suggest that a sufficient proportion of the added iron was retained in surface waters. Our findings demonstrate that iron supply controls phytoplankton growth and community composition during summer in these polar Southern Ocean waters, but the fate of algal carbon remains unknown and depends on the interplay between the processes controlling export, remineralisation and timescales of water mass subduction.
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    A marine microbial consortium apparently mediating abaerobic oxidation of methane (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 . pp. 623-626.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: A large fraction of globally produced methane is converted to CO2 by anaerobic oxidation in marine sediments. Strong geochemical evidence for net methane consumption in anoxic sediments is based on methane profiles, radiotracer experiments and stable carbon isotope data. But the elusive microorganisms mediating this reaction have not yet been isolated, and the pathway of anaerobic oxidation of methane is insufficiently understood. Recent data suggest that certain archaea reverse the process of methanogenesis by interaction with sulphate-reducing bacteria. Here we provide microscopic evidence for a structured consortium of archaea and sulphate-reducing bacteria, which we identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization using specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. In this example of a structured archaeal-bacterial symbiosis, the archaea grow in dense aggregates of about 100 cells and are surrounded by sulphate-reducing bacteria. These aggregates were abundant in gas-hydrate-rich sediments with extremely high rates of methane-based sulphate reduction, and apparently mediate anaerobic oxidation of methane.
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    Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature (423). pp. 280-283.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-03-07
    Description: Serious concerns have been raised about the ecological effects of industrialized fishing1, 2, 3, spurring a United Nations resolution on restoring fisheries and marine ecosystems to healthy levels4. However, a prerequisite for restoration is a general understanding of the composition and abundance of unexploited fish communities, relative to contemporary ones. We constructed trajectories of community biomass and composition of large predatory fishes in four continental shelf and nine oceanic systems, using all available data from the beginning of exploitation. Industrialized fisheries typically reduced community biomass by 80% within 15 years of exploitation. Compensatory increases in fast-growing species were observed, but often reversed within a decade. Using a meta-analytic approach, we estimate that large predatory fish biomass today is only about 10% of pre-industrial levels. We conclude that declines of large predators in coastal regions5 have extended throughout the global ocean, with potentially serious consequences for ecosystems5, 6, 7. Our analysis suggests that management based on recent data alone may be misleading, and provides minimum estimates for unexploited communities, which could serve as the 'missing baseline'8 needed for future restoration efforts.
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    Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2 (2000)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 407 . pp. 634-637.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: The formation of calcareous skeletons by marine planktonic organisms and their subsequent sinking to depth generates a continuous rain of calcium carbonate to the deep ocean and underlying sediments1. This is important in regulating marine carbon cycling and ocean–atmosphere CO2 exchange2. The present rise in atmospheric CO2 levels3 causes significant changes in surface ocean pH and carbonate chemistry4. Such changes have been shown to slow down calcification in corals and coralline macroalgae5,6, but the majority of marine calcification occurs in planktonic organisms. Here we report reduced calcite production at increased CO2 concentrations in monospecific cultures of two dominant marine calcifying phytoplankton species, the coccolithophorids Emiliania huxleyi and Gephyrocapsa oceanica . This was accompanied by an increased proportion of malformed coccoliths and incomplete coccospheres. Diminished calcification led to a reduction in the ratio of calcite precipitation to organic matter production. Similar results were obtained in incubations of natural plankton assemblages from the north Pacific ocean when exposed to experimentally elevated CO2 levels. We suggest that the progressive increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations may therefore slow down the production of calcium carbonate in the surface ocean. As the process of calcification releases CO2 to the atmosphere, the response observed here could potentially act as a negative feedback on atmospheric CO2 levels.
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  • 48
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    Giant squids may die when exposed to warm water currents (1983)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 303 (5916). pp. 422-423.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-16
    Description: Strandings of the giant squid, Architeuthis monachus (Steen-strup), have always stirred attention because of the rarity and enormous size of these cephalopods. These animals have never been observed in their natural habitat and little is known about their physiology and ecology. Stranding of giant squids in Newfoundland waters has been correlated with the inflow of warm water, suggesting that increased temperature may be causing their death1. Squids have also been carried to the Norwegian coast with the warm North Atlantic current2 and on 23 August 1982 a live specimen was caught off Radöy near Bergen, Norway (Fig. 1). This catch gave an unprecedented opportunity to study the effects of temperature on the oxygen binding properties of blood from the giant squid. The present finding of an excess of a fourfold decrease in O2 affinity when temperature is increased from 6.4 to 15°C strongly suggests that giant squids may suffocate from arterial desaturation when increased ambient temperatures are experierced.
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  • 49
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    Glaciology: Enigmatic Arctic ice sheets (2001)
    Nature Publishing Group
    In:  Nature, 410 (6827). pp. 427-428.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-28
    Description: To what extent was the Arctic Ocean glaciated in the past? Heavily, according to data, gathered by a submarine, which show considerable ice-scouring of topography in parts of the ocean basin
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  • 50
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    Bending-related faulting and mantle serpentinization at the Middle America Trench (2003)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-26
    Description: The dehydration of subducting oceanic crust and upper mantle has been inferred both to promote the partial melting leading to arc magmatism and to induce intraslab intermediate-depth earthquakes, at depths of 50–300 km. Yet there is still no consensus about how slab hydration occurs or where and how much chemically bound water is stored within the crust and mantle of the incoming plate. Here we document that bending-related faulting of the incoming plate at the Middle America trench creates a pervasive tectonic fabric that cuts across the crust, penetrating deep into the mantle. Faulting is active across the entire ocean trench slope, promoting hydration of the cold crust and upper mantle surrounding these deep active faults. The along-strike length and depth of penetration of these faults are also similar to the dimensions of the rupture area of intermediate-depth earthquakes.
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  • 51
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FDA on overseas data: US drag market to open up? (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 772-772 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington New drugs may be approved for sale in the United States solely on the basis of foreign data under a proposed reorganization of the Food and Drug Administration (PDA) new drug application process. One effect may be to facilitate the entry of drugs developed abroad into the US market. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/299772a0
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  • 52
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent advances in optical bistability (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 779-780 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
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    Notes: [Auszug] IN recent years, optical bistability has been a subject of intense research in quantum electronics because of its potential usefulness in optical data processing and all-optical logic and computing systems1. There has already been a conference on the topic2, and at the Xllth International Quantum ...
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    Hot galactic gas and narrow line quasar absorption systems (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 783-788 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Observations of the hot interstellar gas (T ≫ 104 K) are numerous and imply that the temperatures of substantial amounts of the disk gas to be 2–3 × 105 K and of the halo gas to be 8 × 104 K, but the theoretical models to explain the ...
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    Terrestrial-type xenon in meteoritic troilite (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 807-810 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Radiogenic 129Xe has been observed in samples from the Earth's mantle, but the abundance pattern of the eight nonradiogenic isotopes is atmospheric rather than chondritic6. Terrestrial' Xe will therefore be used instead of 'atmospheric Xe' in referring to the relative abundances of the ...
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    Phase transition in KOH-doped hexagonal ice (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 810-812 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The presence of residual entropy implies a lack of thermal equilibrium in the crystal below a certain temperature. In fact, we have observed relaxational heat-capacity anomalies of - 100 K for ordinary ice5 and 115 K for heavy ice6, and have studied the associated enthalpy relaxation by subjecting ...
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    MERLIN observations of superluminal radio sources (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 788-793 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Powerful extragalactic radio sources may all be members of a single family in which those showing superluminal behaviour are the ones in which a relativistic jet is directed towards the observer. The superluminal sources are shown to have extended radio structures the form of which is consistent ...
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    The Crab Nebula's progenitor (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 803-805 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Briefly, the Crab consists of a pulsar (assumed here to have a mass of ^lAM) and a nebula mass of 1.2-3.0M (refs 5,6) which has a helium overabundance of l.6〈XHc/XH〈S (where X is an element's mass fraction). The oxygen abundance (X0) is -0.003 (refs 5, 6), which is less than the solar value ...
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    Lemurs, dead and alive (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 843-843 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] THE prosimians, commonly referred to as "lower primates", can be loosely regarded as representing a primitive grade closer to the ancestral primate condition than the modern monkeys and apes. For this reason, any study of primate evolutionary biology is particularly dependent upon an understanding ...
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    Is the long recession at an end? (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 667-667 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Hurrah, the long recession is coming to an end. That is the simplest interpretation of what has happened in the past few weeks on the international stock markets, Wall Street in particular. For if people are willing once again enthusiastically to invest in the shares of industrial corporations ...
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    Swedish crisis: keeping tryst (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 668-669 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Sweden's Social Democratic Party was returned to power last month with an election platform that included a major commitment to science, higher education and technical research. The first actions of the new government, however, were to devalue the krona and to announce the guidelines of a new ...
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    Tropical medicine: WHO programme blessed (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 670-670 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The World Health Organization (WHO) Special Programme on Research and Training in Tropical Diseases has done well during its first five years of operation, according to the report of an external review committee set up by Dr D.E. Bell of the Harvard School of Public Health at the instance of the ...
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    Differential expression of steroid sulphatase locus on active and inactive human X chromosome (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 838-840 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The affected males in the pedigree shown in Fig. 1 have X-linked ichthyosis13 and complete deficiency of microsomal STS activity, based on assays using cholesterol sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) as steroid substrates (Tables 2, 3). Heterozygotes II-4, II-7 and II-8 are ...
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    UK universities: Ex-premier attacks Thatcher (1982)
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    Nature 299 (1982), S. 671-671 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Mr Edward Heath, the former Conservative Prime Minister, fresh from his denunciation earlier this month of government economic policy, last week broadened his attack on his party's government to the field of higher education. Speaking at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, he ...
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    French reactors (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 672-672 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The French construction programme for nuclear reactors may be halved in 1984 and 1985, if budget-conscious elements in the government have their way. The reason: a ballooning government deficit and borrowing requirement, immense debts of FF120,000 million (£10,000 million) at Electricite de ...
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    Antarctic sulphate budget (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 677-678 
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    Notes: [Auszug] ANTARCTICA represents a vast island remote from the other continents of the Southern Hemisphere. Most of the continent is covered by several kilometres of ice and the total ice-free area is very small. On the high central plateau the air is the cleanest in the world and the impurity content of the ...
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    Activity in red-dwarf stars (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 680-681 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MANY red-dwarf stars exhibit rotational light-curve modulation (the BY Draconis phenomenon) and flaring behaviour in the optical and radio regions of the spectrum (the UV Ceti phenomenon). Within the past decade, improved detectors, satellites and radio interferometry have led to a revolution in ...
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    Mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of maize have a 12-kilobase DNA sequence in common (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 698-702 
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    Notes: [Auszug] A 12-kilobase DNA sequence has been identified in the maize mitochondrial genome which is homologous to part of the inverted repeat of the maize chloroplast genome. In chloroplasts the sequence contains a 16S rRNA gene, and also the coding sequences for tRNAIle and ...
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    Surface studies on a leached sphene glass (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 708-710 
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] CaTiSiO5 glasses were prepared by melting an intimately mixed charge of calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide and silica at 1,450 C for 1 h, followed by casting 1-cm diameter cylinders in stainless steel moulds. The tendency of the glass to crystallize or phase separate was avoided by keeping the ...
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    Use of γ -zirconium phosphate for Cs removal from radioactive waste (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 707-708 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The crystalline phases of zirconium phosphate have layer structures similar to 2:1 clay minerals11'13. The crystalline phase with a composition Zr(HPO4)2 * H2O is called a-zirconium phosphate (a-ZrP) while Zr(HPO4)2 o 2H2O is called y-zirconium phosphate (y-ZrP). (The extensive literature on ...
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    10 Be in island-arc volcanoes and implications for subduction (1982)
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    Nature 299 (1982), S. 718-720 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The distinctive characteristics of the volcanoes ringing the great Pacific Basin and lining the Java-Sumatra arc were recognized long before the current ideas that relate them to subducting lithospheric plates found favour. Nevertheless, it was the notion of a dynamic mantle that gave the study of ...
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    Heterogeneous sensitivity of cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones to opioid peptides selective for µ - and δ -opiate receptors (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 730-732 
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    Notes: [Auszug] For these studies we selected the opioid peptides morphicep-tin and leucine-enkephalin. Leucine-enkephalin (Leu-enke-phalin) is about 1,000-fold more potent than morphiceptin at 8 -receptors whereas the two ligands are approximately equipotent at pt-receptors11'17'18'22'29. Preparation of mouse ...
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    Murine model for pertussis vaccine encephalopathy: linkage to H – 2 (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 738-740 
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    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] During a study of the effects of B. pertussis as an adjuvant in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE)7, we discovered a lethal shock-like syndrome in BALB/c mice after immunization with heat-killed B. pertussis vaccine and sensitiz-ation to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Heat-killed B. ...
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    Chromosomal localization of human cellular homologues of two viral oncogenes (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 747-749 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Two mammalian and four avian cell-derived viral oncogenes encoding proteins with tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity have been described1. One of these, c-fes, is represented within the genomes of two independent isolates of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV), Gardner and Snyder-Theilen, both of ...
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    Redesigning enzyme structure by site-directed mutagenesis: tyrosyl tRNA synthetase and ATP binding (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 756-758 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The tyrosyl tRNA synthetase (TyrTS) catalyses the aminoacylation of tRNATyr with tyrosine by a two-step mechanism in which tyrosine is first activated by ATP to form tyrosyl adenylate and then transferred to tRNATyr (refs 1,2). The nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined from a clone in ...
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    GABA directly affects electrophysiological properties of pituitary pars intermedia cells (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 733-734 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Isolated endocrine cells of rat pars intermedia maintained in vitro spontaneously discharge action potentials6 which are Na spikes with a Ca component11. In such cells, GABA (2x 106 or 1 x 105 M) elicited a brief flurry of action potentials of diminishing amplitude, followed by arrest of action ...
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    Cloned HBV DNA causes hepatitis in chimpanzees (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 740-742 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Composition of the DNA mixture used for inoculation and transfection of chimpanzee Physical state HBV DNA species HBV 14 HBV 2 HBV 6 Tandem duplications pSHH 14.3 (40 pmol) pSHH2.1 (8 pmol) Closed rings pHBV 14.1 (8 pmol) pHBV6(6 pmol) Source, physical state and amount of ...
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    Rearrangements between the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene J H and C µ regions accompany normal B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 742-744 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Rearrangements between /H and C^ sequences were first detected among immimoglobulin-secreting hybridoma and plasmacytoma populations5'7. However, these rearrangements were largely dismissed due to the possibility that they represented tumour artefacts in these cell populations9. We therefore sought ...
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    Electron microscopy of t -allele synaptonemal complexes discloses no inversions (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 752-754 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The cross-over suppression of t haplotypes masks the true genetic nature of the region. It has previously been convenient to consider the t alleles as point mutations mapping near T. Lyon's thorough analysis of this chromosomal region using rare cross-overs established the non-allelism of several ...
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    Tapping the immunological repertoire to produce antibodies of predetermined specificity (1982)
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    Nature 299 (1982), S. 592-596 
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    Notes: [Auszug] We understand the structure of antibodies in detail, but know little about the molecular basis of the immunogenicity of proteins. Recent experiments have shown that chemically synthesized peptides representative of virtually any part of the surface of a protein can elicit antibodies reactive with ...
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    Arsenic in Napoleon's wallpaper (1982)
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    Nature 299 (1982), S. 626-627 
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    Notes: [Auszug] After Napoleon Bonaparte's death in May 1821, autopsy revealed an enlarged liver and a stomach lesion12. However, later neutron activation analyses of his hair4'8 have found abnormal quantities of arsenic in some (but not all) samples from his period on St Helena. Forshufvud and Weider have argued ...
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    Induction of immortality is an early event in malignant transformation of mammalian cells by carcinogens (1982)
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    Nature 299 (1982), S. 633-635 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Rapidly dividing fusiform cells which, in minimal media, dominate cell cultures derived from primary tissue, are generally assumed to be fibroblasts. Even though the precise origin of cells which adapt easily to culture has not been established14, they have formed the basis of most cell culture ...
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    Ia invariant chain detected on lymphocyte surfaces by monoclonal antibody (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 644-645 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The belief that Is chains were not expressed on the cell surface was based on the finding that Ij chains are only observed when metabolically labelled antigens are immunoprecipitated with anti-la antibodies and not when surf ace-iodinated material was investigated4. In an attempt to raise ...
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    Discordant layering relations in the Fongen–Hyllingen basic intrusion (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 625-626 
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    Notes: [Auszug] The 160 km Fongen-Hyllingen basic complex2 (Fig. 1) is a strongly differentiated layered intrusion situated in the Trond-heim region of Norway (11.5E, 63 N). In spite of being emplaced synorogenically before the culmination of the Caledonian regional deformation and metamorphism5, it exhibits ...
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    Retroviruses induce granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating activity in fibroblasts (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 638-640 
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    Notes: [Auszug] Granulocyte-macrophage colony forming cells (GM-CFC) are haematopoietic progenitor cells which respond to GM-CSA by proliferation and differentiation in vitro10 yielding either pure or mixed colonies of granulocytes and macrophages. Sera of mice having virus-induced leukaemias contain large amounts ...
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    Post-transcriptional control of tubulin biosynthesis during leishmanial differentiation (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 650-652 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Total cellular poly(A)+ RNA was extracted from the promastigotes by phenol-SDS extraction13 and oligo(dT)-cellulose elu-tion14. RNA was translated in wheat germ15 and rabbit reticulocyte lysate16 cell-free systems and the products were compared with in vivo metabolically labelled proteins. As shown ...
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    Australian Physiology congress:ICSU blacklist (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 481-481 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Canberra The Australian Academy of Science has averted the withdrawal by the International Union of Physiological Science (IUPS) of sponsorship for the physiology congress scheduled to take place in Sydney in August-September next year. As a consequence of the Australian government's refusal to ...
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    Brain catecholamines in schizophrenia : a good case for noradrenaline (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 484-486 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IN the last two decades, brain catecholamines, and in particular dopamine, have played a prominent part in hypotheses of the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Briefly, the dopamine hypothesis states that in the schizophrenic brain, some critical dopamine systems are in a state of continuous ...
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    Deme histories are not species' histories (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 490-490 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SAMPLING any fossiliferous outcrop on a centimetre-by-centimetre scale has the potential to provide detailed complete population histories over geologically short time spans (see, for example, refs 8,9). Such patterns of morphological history are, however, representative only of local populations, ...
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    US national security leakages: Academics mostly absolved (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 479-479 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Washington US universities have not done significant harm to US national security by the leakage of technical information. This is the conclusion of a report* by a panel of the US National Academy of Sciences (NAS) released last week. While agreeing with the government that the leakage of ...
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    Swedish science Medal: One way out (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 481-481 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Stockholm Last week, Sweden's new prize for science, endowed by the late Holger Crafoord, inventor of the blood dialysis machine, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord, was presented for the first time. The prize was awarded jointly to two mathematicians, Professor Louis Nirenberg of the Courant ...
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    Sequences on-line (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 482-482 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR - The recent letter from C. Saccone et al. (Nature 1 July, p.8) implies that nucleic acid databases are available for European research workers only by mailing of magnetic tapes. Your readers may be interested to know that an extensive nucleic acid sequence database, including the one released ...
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    Bioagrimedigen (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 502-502 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics. Editor H.M.Goodman. 6/yr. (Raven.) $80 US, $90 elsewhere (personal); $135 US, $145 elsewhere (institutional). THE Journal of Molecular and Applied Genetics (JMAG) is designed to find a place in the library of every ...
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    Good food guide (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 502-502 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Appetite. Chief editor D. Booth. 4/yr. (Academic.) £20.80, $54.50 (personal); £41.50, $109 (institutional). FIRST impressions of a new journal are like those of a new house: it's somehow incomplete, empty and echoing. The first issues of Appetite are certainly like that - ...
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    Take the strain (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 504-504 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Journal of Neuroimmunology. Editors-in-chief C.S.Raine and P.O.Behan. 6/yr in 2 vols. (Elsevier Biomedical.) Dfl. 450, $180. THE new Journal of Neuroimmunology (JN) is trying to provide a meeting point for neuropathologists and those who use immunological methods as a tool to study the ...
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    In need of brief analysis? (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 506-506 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Behaviour Analysis Letters. Editors J.E.R.Staddon and C.M.Bradshaw. 6/yr. (Elsevier Biomedical.) Dfl. 205, $82. THE titles of journals commonly use a sort of code. "Letters" in Behaviour Analysis Letters (BAL) is not hard to crack. It means short papers (the editors stipulate 2,500 words ...
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    Weather report: outlook fair (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 511-511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Journal of Climatology. Editor S.Gregory. 4/yr. (Wiley.) £48.50 UK, $97.50 elsewhere. ONLY a few decades ago climatology was seen as a purely descriptive part of meteorology, at best a rather poor second cousin to a true scientific subject. Today few would argue that climatology has ...
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    Exploration of the primary visual cortex, 1955–78 (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 515-524 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The following article is the lecture delivered by the author in Stockholm on 8 December 1981 when he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology which he shared with Roger Sperry and Torsten Wiesel. The article is published here with permission from the Nobel Foundation and will also be ...
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    100 years ago (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 400-400 
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    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] ELECTRIC NAVIGATION THE idea of propelling a boat through water by the motive power of electricity is no new one. The invention of the electromagnet showed the power of an electric current to produce a mechanical force. It was no very difficult matter, therefore, for the electricians of fifty ...
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    Serotonin and cyclic AMP close single K + channels in Aplysia sensory neurones (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 413-417 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We have identified a serotonin-sensitive K+ channel with novel properties. The channel is active at the resting potential; its gating is moderately affected by membrane potential and is not dependent on the activity of intracellular calcium ions. Application of serotonin to the ...
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    Temporal variations in dissolved selenium in a coastal ecosystem (1982)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 299 (1982), S. 431-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Selenium is a unique example of a multiple oxidation state trace element in that the thermodynamically unfavourable species, Se(iv), persists throughout the water column in oceanic profiles4. This phenomenon may be a result of bioreduction of the dominant higher oxidation state, Se(vi), in surface ...
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