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  • 1
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 27 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-05-29
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 18 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-03-12
    Description: Projekte: a) Erosionsbeobachtung im Bereich der Veisnäs-Rinne b) Geräteerprobungen für die Reise JASIN
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  • 3
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 3 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
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  • 4
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 7 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-03-23
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  • 5
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 32 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-03-09
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  • 6
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 34 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-03-12
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  • 7
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, 7 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-10-14
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 9
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 063 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 156 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 10
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 067 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 105 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 11
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 073 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 82 pp.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
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  • 12
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 053 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 148 pp.
    Publication Date: 2013-03-14
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  • 13
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 025 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 122 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 14
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 020B . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 107 pp.
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 15
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 032 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 45 pp.
    Publication Date: 2012-07-10
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  • 16
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 035 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 84 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 17
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 041 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 64 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 19
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 034 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 139 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 20
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 044 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 105 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 21
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 043 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 112 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 22
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 042 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 161 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 23
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 050 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 135 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 24
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 057 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 28 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 25
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 031 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 47 pp.
    Publication Date: 2012-07-10
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 26
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 037 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 122 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 27
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 049 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 72 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
    Type: Report , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 28
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 045 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 117 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 29
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 061 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 139 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 30
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 047 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 128 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 31
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 024 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 75 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 32
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 020A . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 177 pp.
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 33
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 046 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 131 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 34
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 055 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 200 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 35
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 033 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 82 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 36
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 058 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 31 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-26
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  • 37
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 069 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 27 pp.
    Publication Date: 2016-10-06
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  • 38
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  (Diploma thesis), Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany, 133 pp . Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 074 . DOI 10.3289/IFM_BER_74 〈http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/IFM_BER_74〉.
    Publication Date: 2016-03-18
    Type: Thesis , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 39
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 005 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 107 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-29
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  • 40
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 010 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 32 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-10-12
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  • 41
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 038 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 78 pp.
    Publication Date: 2013-10-16
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  • 42
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 013 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 56 pp.
    Publication Date: 2015-10-13
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  • 43
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 009 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 160 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-29
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  • 44
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 008 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 62 pp.
    Publication Date: 2019-07-29
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  • 45
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    In:  Berichte aus dem Institut für Meereskunde an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, 062 . Institut für Meereskunde, Kiel, Germany, 172 pp.
    Publication Date: 2012-07-06
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  • 46
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    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Fünf Dinoflagellatenarten aus der Nordsee werden eingehend beschrieben und abgebildet. Eine der beschriebenen Arten ist neu für die Wissenschaft, eine andere wird vom Niveau einer Varietät zur eigenen Art erhoben, zwei weitere Arten werden als Synonym zu einer anderen Art gestellt.
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: Die Inkorporation von (14C) - Glukose in Konzentrationen von 1µg C/l durch größenfraktioniertes natürliches Plankton wurde in Wasserproben aus der Kieler Förde bestimmt. Die Größenfraktionierung wurde durch Filtration mit Nuclepore-Filtern abgestufter Porengröße durchgeführt. Organismen, deren Durchmesser weniger als 1 µ betragen, waren in erster Linie (zu mehr als 69%) an der Aufnahme der Glukose beteiligt. Hierbei handelt es sich zweifellos um Bakterien. Von den größeren Fraktionen wurde relativ wenig Substrat heterotroph aufgenommen. Durch mikroskopische Untersuchungen und durch Kulturverfahren konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß auch in diesen Größenklassen die Glukose-Aufnahme durch Bakterien (auf Detritus) anteilmäßig beträchtlich ist. Die Beobachtungen führen zu dem Schluß, daß zumindest bei natürlichen Substratkonzentrationen die Aufnahme der gelösten organischen Verbindungen fast ausschließlich auf Bakterien zurückzuführen ist.
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: An mehreren Makrobenthosarten der westlichen Ostsee und des Kattegat wurde der Sauerstoffverbrauch in Abhängigkeit vor der Sauerstoffspannung gemessen. Die untersuchten Bewohner sauerstoffarmer Weichböden haben eine niedrige Stoffwechselgröße und die Fähigkeit, die Atmung bis zu einem kritischen Partialdruck von unter 10% zu regulieren. Bei Arten aus besser belüfteten Biotopen nimmt die Stoffwechselgröße zu und die Fähigkeit zur Atemregulation ab. Bei zunehmender Mobilität einer Art wächst die Stoffwechselgröße; eine große Fähigkeit zur Atemregulation kann dabei bestehen bleiben. The oxygen consumption of several macrobenthic species of the western Baltic and Kattegat was measured in dependence of oxygen tension. The examined inhabitants of soft sediments, poor in oxygen demonstrate low metabolic rates and an ability, to regulate oxygen consumption down to critical partial pressures of less than 10%. In species of well aerated biotopes, metabolic rates increase and the ability of respiratory regulation is reduced. With increasing mobility animals increase their metabolic rates. The ability of respiratory regulation needs not to be affected by this.
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2022-05-03
    Description: 1. Haddebyer und Selker Noor am inneren Ende der Schlei werden als Beispiele oligohaliner Lebensräume hydrographisch-physikalisch, chemisch und biologisch untersucht. 2. Auf Grund der gemessenen abiotischen Faktoren werden beide Noore als hypertrophe, homohaline und oligohaline "Stillwasserbuchten" charakterisiert. 3. Eine genauere Untersuchung der aus der Literatur zusammengestellten Artenliste beider Noore und der Vergleich mit dem benachbarten Schleigebiet sowie dem inneren Randersfjord in Dänemark ergibt eine gute Übereinstimmung mit dem von REMANE (1934) gegebenen Schema der Artenverteilung in Abhängigkeit vom Salzgehalt. Das Haddebyer Noor wird als Gebiet des Artenminimums bestimmt, von dem aus nach beiden Seiten des Salinitätsspektrums die Zahl der Arten wieder ansteigt. 4. Dies wird durch die während des Untersuchungszeitraums gefundenen Arten bestätigt. 5. Die quantitativen Ergebnisse vermitteln eine Vorstellung davon, daß die Artenarmut begleitet wird von einer Massenentwicklung der noch vorhandenen Arten. 6. Die floristischen und faunistischen Ergebnisse zeigen deutliche Veränderungen gegenüber den Ergebnissen NEUBAURs und JAECKELs (1935, 1936 u. 1937). Das Phytoplankton wird in der Hauptsache von Cyanophyceen gebildet, die Bivalvier fehlen fast vollständig, Chironomiden treten mit sehr hohen Individuenzahlen auf. 7. Diese Veränderungen werden auf die anthropogene Verschmutzung durch die in die Schlei geleiteten Abwässer zurückgeführt.
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Es wird eine einfache Methode beschrieben, die das Erkennen und Auszählen von Bakterienzellen mit aktivem Elektronentransportsystem in Wasser- und Sedimentproben ermöglicht. Sie beruht auf der Reduktion eines Tetrazoliumsalzes (INT) zu rotgefärbtem Formazan. Anhand von 3 Beispielen werden die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Methode diskutiert. A simple method is described whereby it is possible to recognize and count bacteria cells with active electron transport system in samples of water and sediment. lt is based on the reduction of a tetrazoliurn salt (INT) to a red colored formazan. By means of 3 examples the uses of the method are discussed.
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: The present paper describes an improved method for the semicontinuous culture of bacterial populations on Nuclepore membrane filters. The filters, placed on swimming rings, are incubated in direct contact with the water surface of the flow system, and examined by fluorescence microscopy. The growth activity of both, pure cultures and natural bacterial populations, measured in the flow system is compared to the activity measured in a conventional culture system (incubation of membrane filters on the surface of paper disc saturated with incubation medium). The flow system increases the number and the spectrum of colony forming cells. The reasons for the superiority of the flow system are discussed.
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Bei marinen Mollusken, die in der Gezeitenregion der gemäßigten Breiten überwintern, nimmt die Gefrierresistenz in der Reihenfolge Littorina saxatilis, L. littorea, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria und Macoma baltica ab. Die Littorina-Arten ertragen noch mehrstündige Exposition bei -15°C zu einem hohen Prozentsatz. Primärschäden durch Gefrieren bei -10° und -15°C werden im Laufe längerer Hälterung nach der Kälteexposition verstärkt. Im Sommer ist die Gefrierresistenz stark verringert. Tiergröße sowie die Außenbedingungen am Fundort (Salzgehalt etc.) modifizieren die Überlebensfähigkeit bei Frosteinwirkung. Marine mollusks overwintering in the tidal zone of the temperate latitudes show decreasing freezing resistance in the following order: Littorina saxatilis, L. littorea, Mytilus edulis, Mya arenaria and Macoma baltica. The Littorina species even resist some hours exposure at -15 °C with a high degree of survival. Primary injuries caused by freezing at -10° and -15°C are enhanced during longer keeping subsequent to freezing exposure. From spring to autumn freezing resistance is strongly reduced. Size of the animals and environmental factors of the habitat (salinity etc.) modify survivability during exposure to frost.
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: In the tropical brackish water lagoon Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta the change of the bacterial population was studied during a period of dropping salinity from September to December 1973. Plate counts on ZoBell's Medium 2216 E with different salinities were made from a series of 11 sections through the lagoon, and compared with the salinity, temperature, and pH of the water. Following the decrease of salinity, a mass development of halophilic bacteria can be observed. They decrease again at a salinity about 3‰ , while the fresh water bacteria reach their maximum. This group made up only 0,1-3,7% of the bacterial flora in the salinity range above 10‰. Among he halophilic bactcria a brown pigmented organism occurs, which resembles Agrobacterium stellulatum, the most common brackish water bacterium of the Baltic Sea. Before the maximal increase of the fresh water bacteria, a pink coloured population of halotolerant aquatic bacteria temporarily appears. 41 brown and 14 pink isolations are maintained in the Institut für Meereskunde in Kiel for further investigations. As in the lagoon, the fresh water inflow influences the salinity and bacterial content in the adjacent coastal region. On a profile from the mouth of the Cienaga seaward the number of halophilic bacteria in the surface layer decreases within 11 nautical miles from 90000 cfu/ml to 60-70 cfu/ml, that of fresh water from 2100 cfu/ml to 20-50 cfu/ml. The fresh water originates mainly from the Rio Magdalena. Between the mouth of the Magdalena and Santa Marta the surface samples show a terrestrial influence. The halophilic bacteria are most numerous with the shallow stations of high nutrient content and decrease with increasing distance from the coast. With the water of the river Magdalena halotolerant fresh water bacteria are transported to the surface layer of the bight, especially the pink organism which was found to be frequent in the Cienaga. In the surface water of Santa Marta the plate counts on sea water agar range from 390 to 20500 cfu/ml, those on fresh water agar from 68 to 12000 cfu/ml. The highest numbers coincide with the inflow of fresh water. The bacterial counts of the 10 metre samples make up about 10% of the surface values.
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Kleine Exemplare des Seesterns Asterias rubens (5-10 mm Armradius) sind drucktoleranter als große (25-40 mm Armradius). Die Drucktoleranz nimmt bei dieser Art bei Erhöhung der Temperatur von 5 auf 15°C zu. Durch den Druck verursachte reversible Schädigungen werden bei der höheren Temperatur schneller „repariert". Irreversibel geschädigte Tiere sterben bei 15°C schneller ab als bei 5°C. Die Aktivität des Enzyms Lactat-Dehydrogenase von Asterias rubens wird mit abnehmender Temperatur und steigendem Druck zunehmend gehemmt. Small specimen of the starfish Asterias rubens (radius: 5-10 mm) tolerate higher hydrostatic pressures than larger ones (radius: 25-40 mm). Pressure tolerance of this species increases with rising temperature from 5 to 15°C. Pressure induced reversible injuries are "repaired" more quickly at higher temperatures. Irreversible damaged starfishes die more quickly at 15°C than at 5°C. With decreasing temperature and augmenting hydrostatic pressure the activity of the enzyme Lactate-dehydrogenase of Asterias rubens is increasingly inhibited.
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Für den Wasseraustausch in der westlichen Ostsee sind die Transportvorgänge im Fehmarnbelt von sehr großer Bedeutung. Die vorliegende Untersuchung ist ein Versuch, die Änderungen des Wassertransports durch den Fehmarnbelt in Zeitskalen von einigen Tagen als Wirkung des Windfeldes über der westlichen Ostsee zu erklären und Ansätze für eine Vorhersage zu finden. In der Zeit vom 24.7. bis 7.8.1972, in der die zugrunde liegenden Strömungsmessungen im Fehmarnbelt und bei Gedser durchgeführt werden, ist die Großwetterlage durch ein sommerliches Hochdruckgebiet über Mitteleuropa gekennzeichnet, das nur geringfügig, aber in regelmäßiger Folge durch flache, ostwärts ziehende Tiefs abgeschwächt wird. Die Schichtung von warmem Ostseewasser geringen Salzgehalts über salzreichem Nordseewasser bleibt im ganzen Meßzeitraum erhalten. Die Gezeiten, die durch Kelvin-Wellen beschrieben werden können, erfassen die gesamte Wassersäule gleichmäßig stark, während sich die beobachteten Strömungsschwankungen mit Perioden im Bereich von 50 bis 60 und 100 bis 120 Stunden auf die Oberschicht beschränken. Ein Vergleich der gemessenen mit der aus dem lokalen Windschub berechneten Strömung ergibt, daß der über dem Fehmarnbelt wehende Wind nicht als Ursache der dort auftretenden Strömung in Frage kommt. Die Differenzen zwischen den Wasserständen bei Korsör und bei Gedser und die daraus resultierende Gefälleströmung lassen sich nicht durch statische Reaktion der Oberfläche auf Unterschiede in den Luftdruckschwankungen über Nord- und Ostsee erklären. Aus den Veränderungen des großräumigen Windfeldes, dargestellt mit Hilfe des zeitlichen Verlaufs horizontaler Luftdruckdifferenzen, geht hervor, daß die Windverhältnisse über dem Kattegat sowie der Kieler und Mecklenburger Bucht als Ursache für die Strömung durch den Fehmarnbelt ausscheiden. Zwischen der Ost-West-Komponente des berechneten Windes über der westlichen Ostsee und den langperiodischen Strömungskomponenten durch den Fehmarnbelt besteht dagegen eine lineare Beziehung. Die zwei- und fünftägigen Schwankungsperioden des Windfeldes erzeugen in der Ostsee erzwungene stehende Wellen. Mit Hilfe der Differenzen zwischen den Wasserständen bei Rödby und Puttgarden und bei Korsör und Slipshavn werden effektive Strömungsquerschnitte abgeschätzt, um Transportraten zu bestimmen. Der Vergleich mit dem berechneten, windgetriebenen Transport im Arkona-Becken bestätigt, daß die langperiodischen Strömungsänderungen im Fehmanrbelt durch die Bewegungsvorgänge in der sommerlichen Deckschicht der westlichen Ostsee bestimmt werden. Die Dichtesprungschicht neigt sich im Fehmarnbelt immer aufwärts in Richtung der Strömung in der Oberschicht, so daß in der Unterschicht ein entgegengesetzter horizontaler Druckgradient entsteht, der bewirkt, daß die Oberflächenneigung keinen Einfluß auf die Bodenströmung hat. Die vorliegenden Untersuchungen, auch wenn sie unter sommerlichen Verhältnissen durchgeführt worden sind, zeigen, daß für eine Vorhersage des langperiodischen Ein- oder Ausstromtransports durch den Fehmarnbelt die Luftdruckdifferenzen zwischen Kopenhagen und Helgoland und zwischen Gotland und Gelingen herangezogen werden können, während mit Hilfe der Wasserstandsdifferenz zwischen Rödby und Puttgarden der gerade herrschende Transport abgeschätzt werden kann.
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Die Untersuchung von Muschelbruchsand aus Gezeitentümpeln eines bei East London (Südafrika) gelegenen Riffs erbrachte 21 Harpacticoiden-Arten, unter denen sich eine mit einer Art vertretene neue Gattung, 11 neue Arten und eine neue Unterart befanden, nämlich Caligopsyllus primus n. gen., n. sp., Paradactylopodia hexarticulata n. sp., Psyllocamptus (Langpsyllocamptus) longisetosus n. subgen., n. sp., Psyllocamptus (Langpsyllocamptus) quadiospinosus n. subgen., n. sp., Ameiropsis australis n. sp., Sarsameira elegantula n. sp., Karllangia tertia n. sp., Parapseudoleptomesochra dubia n. sp., Phyllopodopsyllus langi n. sp., Phyllopodopsyllus paraborutzkyi n. sp., Mesochra bodini n. sp., Laophonte spinifer n. sp. und Typhlamphiascus lamellifer SARS capensis n. ssp. Als Untergattung von Psyllocamptus wird die neue Untergattung Langpsyllocamptus begründet. Beim Vergleich mit Untersuchungen aus anderen Gebieten ergaben sich Ähnlichkeiten mit der Besiedlung von Muschelbruchsand aus der Gezeitenzone der kalifornischen Küste.
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: 1. An Gammarus salinus und Idotea baltica wurde der Einfluß einer mehrstündigen Beschichtung mit Rohölen auf Überlebensfähigkeit und Atmung der Tiere untersucht. 2. Bei Gammarus salinus betrug die mittlere Überlebenszeit nach Überschichtung mit einer 0,1 mm dicken Ölschicht 1-2 Tage und nahm in folgender Reihe zu: Iran-Rohöl 〈 Libyen-Rohöl 〈 Venezuela-Rohöl. Der Kontrollwert betrug 31 Tage. 3. Bei Idotea baltica lag die mittlere Überlebenszeit bei 41 Tagen für Iran-Rohöl, 48 Tagen für Venezuela-Rohöl und 51 Tagen für Libyen-Rohöl. Der Kontrollwert betrug 56 Tage. 4. Der Sauerstoffverbrauch bei 15‰ S und 15°C sank durch die Überschichtung mit Rohöl aus dem Iran bei Gammarus salinus auf etwa 40% des Normalwertes, bei Idotea baltica auf etwa 70%. The influence of crude oil from Venezuela, Libya and Iran was observed with respect to Idotea baltica and Gammarus salinus. Prior to the measurements the animalsspread out on sand were exposed to a 0,1 mm layer of crude oil for four hours. After this period they were transferred back into sea water of 15‰ S and 15°C. The mean time of survival for Gammarus salinus varied between one and two days: Iran oil 〈 Libya oil 〈 Venezuela oil (control value: 31 days). Idotea baltica showed a greater resistance. The mean time of survival was 41 days for Iran oil, 48 days for Venezuela oil and 51 days for Libya oil (control value: 56 days). At 15‰ S and 15°C the oxygen consumption of Gammarus salinus was reduced owing to the influence of Iran crude oil down to 40% of the normal value, in Idotea baltica to 70%.
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Prolonged in situ observations of the behaviour of the pelagic amphipod Hyperia galba MONTAGU were carried out in the Baltic Sea in August 1974. On 8 consecutive days, for a definite period of time at dusk and at the first light of dawn, the Hyperia galba which appeared in front of a searchlight were collected. The collections were made by a saturation diver from the underwater laboratory "Helgoland". Analysis of the fixed animals in the laboratory yielded the following results: 1. The females come from the surface to the bottom earlier and return later than the males. Presumably the males and females have a different threshold of stimulation with regard to light. 2. Sinking of the animals to the bottom is not exclusively connected with light, as indicated by diminished catches after development of a thermocline 4-5 m above the bottom. 3. An investigation of the Hyperia galba population in the jellyfish Aurelia aurita showed that 62,5% of the animals taken from Aurelia were females, almost all of them carrying eggs in various stages of development. The Hyperia galba which were caught in front of the searchlights showed that 58,1 % were males.
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, einen Beitrag zur Klärung des Problems der Selbstreinigung von Gewässern unterschiedlichen Salzgehaltes zu liefern. An Hand verschiedener Parameter wurde in geeigneten Versuchsgefäßen der Abbau von häuslichem Abwasser in Süßwasser und in Ostseewasser verglichen, um festzustellen, wie sich der Salzgehalt auf die Dekomposition der Schmutzstoffe auswirkt. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß dieser im Ostseewasser anfangs nicht langsamer verläuft als im Süßwasser. Erst nach 3-4 Tagen setzt eine Verzögerung ein, die sich vor allem in einer verlangsamten Nitrifikation bemerkbar macht und möglicherweise auf den im Brackwasser stärkeren Rückgang der Abwasser- und Süßwasserbakterien zurückzuführen ist. Die bakterizide Wirkung tritt anfangs infolge der hohen Nährstoffkonzentration zurück und macht sich erst nach einigen (1-3) Tagen bei Abnahme der Nährstoffe bemerkbar. In der Anfangsphase scheint sich der Salzgehalt des Ostseewassers in vitro eher günstig auf den Abbau auszuwirken, wobei vielleicht der höhere osmotische Wert eine Rolle spielt. Die Übertragung dieser in vitro gewonnenen Ergebnisse auf die natürlichen Verhältnisse ist zwar nicht ohne weiteres möglich bei Berücksichtigung der Ergebnisse von Standortuntersuchungen im Bereich der Abwassereinleitung der Stadt Kiel in die Ostsee bei Bülk ergibt sich jedoch, daß die Selbstreinigungskraft des Brackwassers so groß ist, daß es von Vorteil sein kann, Küstengewässer an Stelle von benachbarten Binnengewässern als Vorfluter zu verwenden.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: 1. Versuche zur Vermehrung und Einwanderung von Colibakterien ins Sediment erfolgten mit dem Teststamm E. coli K.12. Dessen Verhalten wurde in Labor- und Freilanduntersuchungen überprüft und in Abhängigkeit vom Salz-, Nährstoff- und Schwefelwasserstoffgehalt diskutiert. 2. Einwanderung und Vermehrung von E. coli K 12 im Sediment konnte im Laborversuch in speziell dafür konstruierten Säulen beobachtet werden. Im sterilisierten Schlicksediment wurde aktive Einwanderung von E. coli K 12 mit recht gleichmäßiger Geschwindigkeit festgestellt. Im unsterilisierten Sediment erfolgte die Einwanderung mit erheblich höherer Geschwindigkeit. Dieses kann auf einen passiven Transport der Bakterien durch Würmer oder andere schlickbewohnende Tiere zurückzuführen sein. 3. Eine Vermehrung von E. coli K 12 wurde im Laborversuch nur in sterilisiertem Brackwassersediment festgestellt. In allen anderen Proben starben die Keime mehr oder weniger schnell ab. 4. Freilanduntersuchungen im Watt der Nordsee zeigten, daß unter natürlichen Verhältnissen das Absterben von E. coli im Sediment erheblich langsamer erfolgt als im Seewasser gleichen Salzgehaltes.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2022-05-05
    Description: Die Untersuchung über die benthonische Ostracodenfauna im Oligohalinikum des Haddebyer und Selker Noores und der Vergleich mit der Selker Au (Süßwasser) haben folgendes ergeben: Von 13 gefundenen Arten sind 9 den Nooren (incl. der Selker Au) gemeinsam, 2 sind auf das Haddebyer, 2 auch auf das Selker Noor beschränkt. Neu für das Haddebyer Noor sind 9, für das Selker Noor 6 Arten. 3 von anderen Autoren gefundenen Arten konnten nicht mehr nachgewiesen werden. Die Selker Au zeigt - mit Ausnahme 1 Brackwasserart - die gleiche artenmäßige Besiedlung wie das Selker Noor. Die hauptsächlich für die Süßwasserarten bekannte "Anpassungsstärke" gegenüber den physiographischen Faktoren wird im Untersuchungsgebiet analysiert. Die Besiedlungsdichte schwankte im Jahresgang zwischen 800 und 418000 Ind./m2. Es wird versucht, diese Schwankungen mittels der Faktoren Salinität, Temperatur, Sauerstoff und Substrat zu erklären. Für das Haddebyer Noor (Station B) konnte das für diesen Salinitätsbereich bekannte Artenminimum festgestellt werden. Zum Selker Noor (geringere Salinität) steigt die Artenzahl an; der Höchstwert wird in der Selker Au (Süßwasser) erreicht. Erwartungsgemäß war die durchschnittliche Besiedlungsdichte in der Selker Au am geringsten. Die Besiedlungsdichte und ihre Schwankungen lassen sich mit dem prozentualen Anteil von Cyprideis torosa an der Artengemeinschaft korrelieren. Die Massenentwicklung aller Arten bei Station H wird auf die Art des Substrates zurückgeführt. Die Zusammensetzung der Artengemeinschaften wird prozentual aufgeschlüsselt. Die Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung (z.B. Monokulturen) werden hauptsächlich mit dem Salinitätsgradienten und dem Konkurrenzdruck durch Cyprideis torosa erklärt. Die marine Faunenkomponente fehlt im Untersuchungsgebiet völlig. Die Noore werden hauptsächlich durch euryöke (euryplastische) Süßwasserarten besiedelt, deren Anteil zum Selker Noor zunimmt, während der Anteil der genuinen Brackwasserarten im Haddebyer Noor stärker ausgeprägt ist. Für Cyprideis torosa konnten die Ergebnisse VESPER's (1972) bezüglich der Größenreduktion und der Buckelbildung im Brackwasser für Haddebyer und Selker Noor als oligohaline Lebensräume bestätigt werden.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: Es wird eine Unterwasserfernsehanlage beschrieben, die aus Fernsehkamera, Mikrophon und Video-Recorder besteht, die jeweils in entsprechende Gehäuse eingebaut sind. Damit sind Aufnahmen von 20 min Dauer bis zu Tiefen von 50 m möglich. An underwater TV-set is described which consists of TV-camera, microphone and Videorecorder in separate housings. 20 min-recordings down to 50 m are possible.
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: In the scope of our investigations on the basic processes in a soft-bottom macrobenthos community, as a preliminary test, a series of five 1 m2 metal boxes filled with sterilized sediment from the surrounding habitat was exposed in an enclosed area in the western Kiel Bight at a depth of 20 m from September 1972 until July 1975. The establishment and succession of the soft bottom association in the boxes was followed and compared to the association on the surrounding sea floor by monthly to bimonthly sampling by the diving group of SFB 95. While the number of species increases continuously until a final level of about 20 per 0.1 m2 is reached in January 1974, the values of total biomass (the starfish excluded) fluctuate seasonally being high in autumn and early winter and low in March and April. In a late experimental stage in January 1975, before or just in the beginning period of the regression of the bivalve populations, the association in the boxes (80g wet wt./m2) has only reached 50% of the biomass of the assemblage outside where large long-lived and slowly growing bivalve species contribute 75% of macrobenthos weight. The data of total specimen number fluctuate widely due to oxygen deficiency in late 1973 followed by a high colonization activity by opportunistic spionid species immediately after. According to the dominance in specimen numbers of the major taxononomic groups, three phases can be distinguisted: crustacea (mainly Diastylis rathkei) - sedentary polychaetes (spionids, Pectinaria koreni) - bivalves (Abra alba) together with errant polychaetes (Nepthys spp.). In terms of biomass, however, there is an additional phase of echinoderm prevalence (Asterias rubens) during the last five months. The starfish obviously utilize the bivalve production to a high extent: between 94 and 75 % mortality for the three most abundant bivalve species within six months. For the last six months of the experiment, the net production of all bivalve species is calculated as 24g wet wt./m2, i.e. 0.61 g organic carbon of living tissue, most of which is produced by only three species (Abra alba, Cardium fasciatum and Mya truncata: 22g wet wt/m2.) lt is suggested that predators are of eminent importance in controlling succession and production of the new association. The effects of the experimental conditions on the findings is discussed, and a design for extended interdisciplinary in situ experiments to be carried out from 1976 on, based on the experiences of this first test, is presented.
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  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: The intention was to study recruitment of benthic macrofauna to an exposed shore. Two mesh-sizes (1.0 and 0.5 mm) were used. The additional abundance and biomass in the finer sieve show both temporal and spatial variations. Maximum values were found in the autumn and at the shallowest station (5 m). The reasons for this are discussed.
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: In 1975 and 1976 at two stations in the Arkana and the Bornholm Sea the dynamics of the plankton development were studied. The annual course of the measured biological parameters shows peaks of phytoplankton productivity in spring and summer, and of zooplankton in summer. In spring also the phytoplankton biomass reaches a maximum while in August only low chlorophyll values could be observed. In summertime the pelagic system is characterized by an equilibrium state. In autumn after a possible autumnal bloom of phytoplankton all biological parameters sink down to a winter level.
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Nitrogen fixation measurements carried out in 1974 and 1975 in the Baltic Sea showed that heterocyst fixed nitrogen c. 3.5 pg (2)-1. According to our preliminary calculations the amount of nitrogen fixed in 1974 in the northern and central Baltic proper was c. 100000 tons.
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  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: In 1970/1971 zooplankton was collected monthly at 33 stations in Kiel Bay by means of a Bongo net equipped with 300 µm gauze. Adult copepods were separated into species and sexes. Eleven species were found of which seven were dominant. A succession between winter-spring species (Temora longicornis, Pseudocalanus sp., Acartia bifilosa) and summer-fall species (Centropages hamatus, Paracalanus parvus, Acartia longiremis, A. tonsa) took place. Total abundance varied considerably between the stations. Usually female copepods were more frequent than mal es (up to 85%), with the exceptions of Temora longicornis and Centropages hamatus, which showed a sex ratio of about 1: 1. The sex ratios of Acartia bifilosa and A. longiremis were related to the concentration of the population.
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Solutions of detergent or crude oil of 10 ppm, 50 ppm, and 100 ppm after 48-96 hours of exposure induce significant changes in the ionic composition of the hemolymph of the shrimp Crangon crangon and the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisi. The concentrations of sodium, calcium, and chloride ions decrease, whereas the concentration of potassium increases in both species exposed to both pollutants. - The magnesium ion concentration decreases in the hemolymph of the shrimp incubated in solutions of detergent and in the crab incubated in the water containing crude oil. - lt is suggested that changes of the ionic composition of the hemolymph of the studied shrimps and crabs under influence of both pollutants are possibly brought about by alteration of cell membrane permeability and action on some enzyme activities.
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: The filtration, feeding and assimilation rates of the zooplankton consisting largely of copepods in a shallow eutrophic bodden south of the Darß-Zingst Peninsula (salinity: 5-7‰) were determined under field conditions with the help of 14 C-labelled phytoplankton. During the zooplankton maximum in May (biomass: 2.13 mg dry weight/l), the feeding rate was up to 53.63% of the primary production. The zooplankton production calculated from the experimentally determined assimilation rates was not more than 6.5% of the primary production. The continuously available substantial amounts of detritus resulted in an extraordinarily low grazing rate. 0.39-3.63% of the seston present were removed from the water body daily by filtration. The studies show that the zooplankton also plays an important role in the ecosystem, at least part of the time, even in severely eutrophic landlocked coastal waters.
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Kassari Bay is of a specific character, a relatively isolated, sheltered and shallow sea area where the sediment mainly consists of clay and sandy clay. The main communities are the association of the loose-lying red algae Furcellaria fastigiata and Phyllophora brodiaei f. angustissima and the association Zosteretum marinae and its variant which is rich in red algae. Areas with dense vegetation alternate with areas almost without vegetation, or where only single tufts of red algae or some charophytes and phanerogames are found. The floristic list contains 24 taxa, 5 of them are phanerogames. Sphacelaria radicans is a new taxon for the Estonian flora.
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: Subject of the experimental investigations are the effects of chronic toxicity exerted by the following pollutants of industrial origin on some animals from the Bay of Gdańsk: 1. phosphogypsum; 2. some detergents, i.e. a commercial product "SOLO", a mixture of nonionic and anionic surfactants (for household purposes), and an oil-spill remover Gamlen "CW" Solvent; 3. crude Kuwait oil and one of its derivatives, the fuel oil No. III. -The experimental animals are: Crangon crangon L., Rhithropanopeus harrisi (Gould), the crucial carp (Carassius carassius L.), the pike (Esox lucius L.) and the perch (Perca fluviatilis L.). Beside these inhabitants of the Bay of Gdańsk, also carp fry is used in one of the experiments. -The pollutants mentioned above induce sublethal changes in: the enzymic system, the reproductive activity, embryonic and larval development. Additionally, degenerative changes in the ultrastructure of crustacean brain and pathological disturbances in function and structure of isolated mitochondria could be observed. The general conclusion is that chronic sublethal toxicity may severely affect or even destroy some marine ecosystems.
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: A 30 sample unit soft-bottom monitoring station was compared to corresponding 5 sample unit stations in the Åland archipelago in the northern Baltic Sea. The samples of macrozoobenthos were taken with an Ekman-Birge bottom-sampler (0.03 m2). The dynamics of the species populations were tested by analysis of variance during a period from 1972-1975 at the five-unit stations. Most of the differences in the mean densities were not verified. Estimation of a minimum sample size was made for the species at the 30 unit station. The spatial distribution of Macoma balthica makes it a species that is easy to sample. lts estimated minimum number of samples units needed for recording a 50 % change in population desity is nine. The other species require a larger number of sample units. The results show the low level of precision when measuring gradual changes of the benthic assemblages using a sample size of five units on soft bottom macrofauna.
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2022-05-20
    Description: In coastal areas or estuaries cadmium-contents of water and sediments may be distinctly increased. The acute toxicity of Cd to sensitive organisms is strongly modified by environmental factor combinations occuring in the Baltic. This could be demonstrated with hydroid polyps. In comparison with other species and developmental stages, up to the present, Laomedea loveni proved to be the most sensitive test species to Cd. Within the ecological range the sensitivity to Cd inceases with higher temperatures and lower salinities. At these conditions not only the rate of accumulation of Cd is enhanced, but the protoplasmic sensitivity is increased to internal metal concentration. In longterm experiments with Clava multicornis the modifying effect of temperature and salinity decreases during the course of some weeks. - Contrary to cnidarians, many molluscs are able to accumulate high concentrations of Cd without signs of physiological damage. In many places of the Western Baltic the levels of Cd in Mytilus edulis are higher than in comparable individuals from localities of the North Sea coast. There are also correlations of Cd-contents of mussels with depth of their locality, size and season. Of the mussel's organs especially digestive diverticula and kidney accumulate the metal. Preliminary results with ion exchange - and gel filtration chromatography of the mussel's proteins suggest the occurence of special Cd-binding proteins, e.g. in the hepatopancreas, as a main reason for the high tolerance of M. edulis to cadmium.
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Zur Simulation des Energieflusses im pelagischen Kreislauf des Flachwasserökosystems bei Boknis Eck wurde ein Differentialgleichungssystem erstellt, mit dem die Parameter Phosphat, Silikat, Diatomeen, sonstiges Phytoplankton, herbivores Zooplankton, carnivores Zooplankton, Fische und Sediment im zeitlichen Verlauf dargestellt werden konnten. Silikat, Phosphat und Sediment wurden als Kohlenstoffäquivalente betrachtet. Im Modell sind Silikat und Phosphat bei den Diatomeen limitierend und für das sonstige Phytoplankton nur Phosphat. Das System enthält 13 Raten, die entweder aus Messungen der Planktongruppe im SFB 95 an der Universität Kiel in den Jahren 1972/73, aus Literaturdaten oder durch „curve fitting" ermittelt wurden. U.a. wurde die Sterberate der Diatomeen und der sonstigen Phytoplankter in Beziehung zur Phosphatkonzentration in der Wassersäule gebracht. Die Geschwindigkeit des Recyclings der Kohlenstoffäquivalente Silikat und Phosphat aus dem Sediment hängt von der Konzentrationsdifferenz der jeweiligen Nährstoffe zwischen Sediment und Wassersäule ab.
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Von Juni 1974 bis September 1975 wurde die Besiedlung des sekundären Hartbodens in der Kieler Förde untersucht. Chemische und bakterielle Parameter zeigen eine Zunahme der Verschmutzung des Fördewassers im Innern der Förde. Exemplarisch werden die Artenassoziationen für Falkenstein Düsternbrook und Dietrichsdorf ermittelt. Die Komplexität der Artenassoziationen ist mit dem Grad der Verschmutzung an den einzelnen Stationen negativ korreliert. Die Kieler Förde läßt sich zur Zeit in vier, durch den Grad der Verschmutzung gekennzeichnete Bereiche unterteilen: 1. Einflußgebiet der Schwentine, 2. Düsternbrook, 3. Einflußgebiet des Nord-Ostsee-Kanals, 4. Außenförde. Die Situation in der Kieler Förde ist als „Hafensituation" zu charakterisieren, bedingt insbesondere durch Überdüngung (= erhöhte Produktion) und starke Sedimentation. From June 1974 to September 1975 fouling organisms in the Kiel Fjord were investigated. Chemical and bacteriological parameters show an increase in water pollution inside the Fjord. Interspecific associations are calculated exemplarily for Falkenstein, Düsternbrook and Dietrichsdorf. The result is that there is a negative correlation between the complexity of the interspecific associations and the degree of pollution at the places of investigation. At present the Kiel Fjord is divided into four trophic levels: 1. the area of influence of the Schwentine River, 2. Düsternbrook, 3. the area of influence of the Kiel Canal, 4. the outer Fjord. The ecological situation in the Kiel Fjord may be characterized as a "Hafensituation", especially because of eutrophication and strong sedimentation.
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein Meßverfahren, mit dessen Hilfe die Tiefe der Redoxcliskontinuität im marinen Sediment über lange Zeit verfolgt werden kann. Labormessungen haben gezeigt, daß Eh Werte, die mit stationären Elektroden bei einem Langzeiteinsatz gemessen werden, zwar mit einem großen Fehler behaftet sind, aber trotzdem für eine Tiefenbestimmung der RD-Schicht ausreichen. Während der Meßzeit (4 Monate) konnte keine zeitliche Begrenzung der Anwendbarkeit dieses Meßverfahrens durch Verschmutzung oder eine bleibende Vergiftung der stationären Elektroden nachgewiesen werden. The present paper describes a measurement procedure with which the depth of the redox discontinuity in marine sediments can be measured over a long period of time. Laboratory measurements have shown that the Eh values which where arrived at by permanently placed electrodes contained a large degree of error. The method is however, adequate to determine the depth of the RD layer. During the time of measurement (4 months) no temporal limits were evident due to pollution or to permanent poisoning of the stationary electrodes.
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Die Stoffwechselgröße von drei bestandsbildenden Muschelarten aus der Westlichen Ostsee - Macoma balthica (L.), M. calcarea (CHEMNITZ), Abra alba (Wood) - wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Sauerstoffspannung vergleichend untersucht. Auch der Reservestoffabbau während der exposition in sauerstofffreiem Wasser sowie die Erholungsatmung nach Sauerstoffmangelperioden wurden gemessen. Die untersuchten Muscheln weisen eine unterschiedliche Temperaturabhängigkeit ihrer Respirationsraten auf. Die Stoffwechselgrößen und Fähigkeiten zur Atemregulation werden im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorkommen der Arten in unterschiedlichen Lebensgemeinschaften der Ostsee diskutiert. Bei Fehlen von Sauerstoff sind die Glykogenreserven der Hauptenergielieferant. Dabei ist der Glykogenabbau deutlich temperaturabhängig. Auch Protein wird abgebaut. Reservestoffspeicherung und -abbau lassen Beziehungen zur unterschiedlichen Anaerobioseresistenz der untersuchten Arten erkennen. Das gilt auch für die Erholungsatmung nach Exposition bei 02-Mangel. Diese zeigt außerdem von Art zu Art eine unterschiedliche Abhängigkeit von der Expositionsdauer sowie von der Expositions- und Meßtemperatur.
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird anhand von Kohlenstoffkomponenten partikulären Materials versucht, aufgrund des Unterschieds zwischen Seston aus Schöpferproben und Material aus Sedimentfallen qualitative Aussagen über Abbauprozesse zu machen, die bei Sedimentationsvorgängen auftreten. Frerner werden aus dem unterschiedlichen Gehalt an Kohlenstoff in fixierten und nicht fixierten Sedimentfallen Abbauraten berechnet. Die Sinkstoffe weisen gegenüber dem Seston des freien Wassers einen niedrigeren Gehalt an Lipiden und einen erhöhten Gehalt an Humusstoffen und wasserlöslichen Kohlenhydraten auf. Die Sedimentationsrate beträgt in 10 m Tiefe 15 gC m-2 Jahr-2, in 20 m 31 gC m-2 Jahr-1. Die Abbauraten liegen im Jahresdurchschnitt bei 17% (10 m) und bei 9% (20 m) des sedimentierenden Gesamt-Kohlenstoffs, wobei jedoch jahreszeitlich starke Schwankungen auftreten. Mit Hilfe der Abbauraten können turn-over Zeiten für den sedimentierenden Kohlenstoff berechnet werden, die im Jahresdurchschnitt bei 15 Tagen (10 m) bzw. 35 Tagen (20 m) liegen. In this paper the different content of particulate organic carbon compounds in seston and in material from sediment traps is taken as an indication for decomposition processes, which take place during sedimentation of organic matter. Further, a decomposition-rate of particulate organic material is calculated from the different amounts of carbon collected in sediment traps with and without chloroform. Material from sediment traps contains relatively less lipid and more humic acids and water-soluble carbohydrates than does seston from water samples. The rate of sedimentation is 15 gC m-2y-1 in a depth of 10 m, and 31 gC m-2y-1 in 20 m. As an average per year, decomposition rates reach about 17% (in 10 m) and 9% (in 20 m) (of the collected total carbon), but they may vary during the annual cycle. The turn-over time of the sedimented carbon can be calculated from the decomposition rates (the annual average is 15 days in 10 m and 35 days in 20 m).
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2022-05-16
    Description: Von Januar 1973 bis Februar 1974 wurde von den dominierenden Zooplanktonarten der westlichen Kieler Bucht das Trockengewicht sowie ihr Gehalt an organischem Kohlenstoff, Stickstoff und Kalorien im jahreszeitlichen Verlauf untersucht. Zwischen diesen Parametern bestand eine auf dem 0,1 %-Niveau signifikante Korrelation. Zwischen der Fruchtbarkeit der Copepoden ausgedrückt durch den Quotienten Nauplius/Copepode und dem Kohlenstoffgehalt der Copepoden bestand eine auf dem 0,1 %-Niveau signifikante Korrelation. Die kurzfristigen starken Schwankungen im Kohlenstoffgehalt, Stickstoffgehalt und Trockengewicht der Copepoden werden somit durch Perioden erhöhter Eibildung erklärt. Die Sekundär- und Tertiärproduktion wurde berechnet unter Berücksichtigung der natürlichen Sterblichkeit der Plankter und des Wegfraßes durch carnivore Arten. Bei einer Sekundärproduktion von durchschnittlich 33,8 gC m-2 Jahr-1 (V = 33,3) und einer mittleren Tertiärproduktion von 5,2 gC m-2 Jahr-1 (V = 3,0) betrug das Verhältnis von Primär- zu Sekundär- zu Tertiärproduktion bei einer Primärproduktion von 158 gC m-2 Jahr -1 100 : 21,4 : 3,3. The dry weight, organic carbon, nitrogen and caloric content of the dominating zooplankton species of the Western Kiel Bight were analyzed from January 1973 to February 1974. There was a highly significant correlation between these parameters. Between the fecundity of the copepods expressed as ratio nauplii / copepods and the carbon content of the copepods was a highly significant correlation. The great fluctuations within short time intervalls in organic carbon and nitrogen content are thus defined to periods of higher egg-production. The secondary and tertiary production was calculated in regard to the natural mortality and predation by carnivorous zooplankton species. The mean secondary production was 33,8 gC m-2 year-1 (Range R 33,3) and the mean tertiary production 5,2 gC m-2 year-1 (R = 3,0). With a primary production of 158 gC m-2 year-1 the ratio of primary to secondary to tertiary production was 100 : 21,4 : 3,3.
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: This pilot study was carried out to determine the duration of exposure time taking into account the complex interactions in the ecosystem and to test the aptitude of artificial hard substrates as far as surface-texture, size and shape of the substrates are concerned. In depths of 10.0 and 20.0 m concrete tubes 1.0 m long and 0.5 m in diameter were exposed for four years. Colonization was observed by scientific divers and recorded by photography.
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: A coralline alga from the Baltic (Belt Sea, Samsö) belonging to the genus Phymatolithon has been investigated. The mineral skeleton consists of magnesium calcite and shows the following composition (expressed in percent of the dry weight): 94-96% skeletal carbonates, 4-6% organic matter, 32.1-33.4% Ca, 3.3-3.5% Mg and 0.15-0.17% Sr. MgC03 determined by the peak shift method (X-ray diffraction) is in the region of 10-11 mol % . The kinetics of 45Ca uptake consist of a fast step and a low step. The fast step is due to equilibration of isotope with the soft tissues and spaces between cells. The slow step is attributed to net deposition of calcium in the skeleton. From the rate constant of the slow step calcium net deposition was found to be 5.6 1 μg Ca/g dry weight/h or 14 μg CaC03/g dry weight/h. Pulse chase experiments show that the calcification is the resultant of calcium exchange between the alga and the seawater. Light-dark calcification ratios are in the range of 1.1-1.3. The O2 production amounts to 0.04 mg 02/g dry weight/h at an irradiance of 0.085 KW/m2. When expressed per unit weight of total organic matter, this assimilation rate would fall into the range commonly found for other noncalcifying Rhodophyta. The results form the basis for further work on calcification mechanism and CaC03 production in coralline algae.
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Using the mean annual variations in temperature and oxygen content at ten stations in all parts of the open Baltic proper, relations between phytoplankton spring bloom and maximum oxygen content in the near-surface layer are pointed out. By means of the calculated times of the oxygen maxima and the observed times of the spring blooms, regional peculiarities of the three fundamental areas of the Baltic proper - Arkona Sea, Bornholm Sea and Gotland Sea - are explained. - The results show that there is a clear connection between phytoplankton spring bloom and maximum oxygen content. Furthermore, the longer the phase lag between oxygen maximum and temperature minimum, the longer the period of higher oxygen content in spring.
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Nitrogen (C2H4)-fixation in planktic heterocystous blue-green algae was measured in the Askö area throughout the summer 1976. -Temporal variations in total number of heterocysts, heterocyst frequency, heterocyst activity, acetylene reduction and primary production are discussed. - The amount of nitrogen fixed is estimated to 0.6 gN/m2 x year.
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  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: The level of oxygen consumption of a Baltic population of Mesidothea entomon was determined in salinities of 1,6.5 and 15‰ and at temperatures of 5°C and 15°C using males, ovigerous females and non-ovigerous females. No significant dependence was found between respiration and salinity. The mean oxygen consumption is of the same order of magnitude as or Baltic marine isopods in general. lt decreases towards the autumn. The oxygen consumption remains at the same level independent of the oxygen concentration in the water until this falls below 2 mg per litre.
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  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institut für Meereskunde
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: The macrofauna of the red algal zone of Kiel Bay is quantitatively investigated for the first time. 109 species were found of which 68 can be considered as genuine inhabitants of the phytal zone. The classification of the phytal fauna according to locomotory and feeding type, their abundance and biomass relative to water depth and their value as fish food were investigated in more detail.
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: The Baltic Sea is one of the largest brackish water areas in the world, and osmotic stress has severely reduced the number of species in its benthic macro-and meiofauna. This leads to an almost uniquety simple benthic ecosystem. - The benthic macrofauna shows a steep north to south increase in biomass, from mean values of about 1 gm-2 wet weight in the Bothnian Bay, to over 100gm-2 above the halocline in the northern Baltic proper, and even higher values in the southwestern Baltic. Meiofauna biomass is much less variable, and increases only from about 2 gm-2 wet weight to about 6 gm-2 along the same gradient. There is also a north-south gradient in phytoplankton primary production, with an increase by a factor of about 3 to 6. Very low salinities (2-3‰S) exclude filter-feeding bivalves from most of the Bothnian Bay, explaining in part the extremely low biomasses in the north. When filter-feeders are substracted, the benthos-feeding macrofauna biomass still increases more from north to south than the primary production, while the meiofauna biomass, on the other hand' increases less. Calculations are presented which indicate that the total resource use by benthos-feeding macro + meiofauna increases rounghly in proportion to the primary production. The observed shift in dominance from meiofauna to macrofauna is attributed to meiofauna being competitively superior in low food environments (Bothnian Bay), while in richer environments predation by macrofauna limits meiofauna populations (Bothnian Sea, Baltic proper). -Most of the Baltic shows strong salinity stratification, with little or no oxygen present below the primary halocline. This leads to an oxygen-dependent zonation of the fauna, with macrofauna disappearing at higher oxygen levels than some of the meiofauna. Nematodes in low numbers persist even in areas which have been anoxic for long periods. -The secondary productivity of the widely distributed Pontoporeia community is described, and it is concluded that the Pontoporeia populations are primarily food limited, and that the benthic system is intimately coupled to the pelagic system, and may respond to events in the plankton within weeks. -Attempts to estimate the energy flow through the benthos of the Askö-Landort area (N. Baltic proper) indicate that 40 -60gCm to fuel the benthos. - Finally, direct interactions between macro- and meiofauna are discussed. The evidence for control of meiofauna populations by macrofauna predation is suggestive, but not yet conclusive. Examples are also given of more positive interactions between macro- and meiofauna, and it is proposed that a proper balance between different size classes of benthos may be necessary for efficient remineralization.
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: The biomass (weight of protoplasm) and production of the major species of benthic Foraminifera was calculated for the "Hausgarten" area of Sonderforschungsbereich 95. Data from 440 samples collected between 1971 and 1975 were used for these calculations. Biomass production of Foraminifera is 10-90 mg wet weight/m2/y in the turbulent zone and up to 5411 mg/m2/y in the basins. Epiphytic species produce 13-26 mg wet weight/m2/y. These values are higher than those recorded in the literature with the exception of the subarctic. The foraminiferal proportion of total meiobenthos biomass ranges between 6% in the turbulent zone and 63% in the basin.
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Ein in situ-Meßsystem für Untersuchungen zum Stoff- und Energiefluß in isolierten benthischen Flachwassergemeinschaften wird beschrieben. Die Messung des Gaswechsels sowie anorganischer und organischer gelöster Substanzen erfolgt in geschlossenen (Säcke) oder offenen (Durchflußsystem) Meßeinrichtungen, die unter Verwendung von flexiblen Plastikfolien konstruiert wurden, um möglichst ungestörte Turbulenzverhältnisse zu gewährleisten. Die Anwendung der Meßeinrichtungen wird anhand von Meßbeispielen erläutert. A measuring system is described for in situ investigations on the flow of energy and matter in isolated benthos communities in shallow waters. Measurements of gas exchange and inorganic as well as organic dissolved matter are carried out either in closed (bags) or open (flow through) devices. Flexible plastic film is used for the construction of the devices in order to obtain favourable turbulence conditions in the systems. Practical application is illustrated by examples of measurements.
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: In summer the effects of ferry traffic in the southern Åland archipelago on animal number and biomass is less pronounced in the Fucus zone than in the Cladophora zone. - In the autumn the combined effects of wave action and low temperature are shown to cause a differentiated effect in exposed and unexposed sites, the number of macroscopic animals beeing reduced at an earlier stage in the former. On a qualitative basis Gammarus sp. and ldotea baltica in addition to Mytilus edulis best endure the mechanical stress induced.
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Dynamics of Baltic ecosystems and causes of their variability are discussed and special attention is paid to the use of ecological models as a tool for research and management. - The causes of the observed changes in salinity, temperature, and oxygen of the deep water of the Baltic Sea are reviewed and discussed. - The work has led to the formulation of a hypothesis by which it appears possible to explain the oxygen development and the long-term development of other hydrographic components. The analyses indicate that the change of the level of the interface from - 80 m at the beginning of the century to about - 60 m today has increased the quantity of dead organic matter sinking down through the halocline as a consequence of the increased area of contact between the surface water and the deep water. The increased contact area has led to a corresponding increase in all fluxes through the halocline driven by turbulent gradient diffusion including an increase in the upward flux of nutrients. This has led to a fertilization of the surface water which has increased organic production in the surface zone. This in turn increases the amount of dead organic matter supplied to the deep water. At the same time the temperature increase has increased the rate of oxygen consumption. The net result is that oxygen in the deep water is being consumed at a much higher rate today than previously. lt is estimated that the rate of consumption has increased about 110% since the end of the last century. This implies an increase in the primary production of about 40%. - The supply of oxygen to the deep water has increased primarily as a consequence of the increase in the area of contact between the surface water and the deep water, and secondly as a consequence of an increase in the vertical oxygen concentration gradient. However, the rate of increase of supply has been smaller than the rate of increase of the consumption. The relative difference between the consumption and the supply has increased from 0 at equilibrium conditions at the end of the last century to about 10% today. Although this change in the balance between supply and consumption appears to be marginal, it is nevertheless sufficient to bring about the dramatic decrease of the oxygen concentration in the deep water from about 3 ml/l at the end of the last century to close to O ml/l today. - The model introduced represents a preliminary step towards a Baltic model, which necessarily must take the changing position of the halocline and related effects into account.
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: The study describes the results of zooplankton sampling during a short period of the International Baltic Year at station F 81 (BY 15 A) in the Gotland Deep. An analysis has been made of the abundance at different depths of the commonest species belonging to the groups: Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera, and "others". A clear diurnal pattern could be distinguished mainly for the copepods, which were strongly dominant. Their vertical distribution showed both interspecific differences and intraspecific differences between developmental stages. The cladocerans were still very rare at that time of the summer, their numbers being too low for any definite conclusions.
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: In the individual parts of the Baltic Sea the vernal bloom of phytoplankton starts at different times. An attempt is made to explain these temporal differences by means of the hydrographical differences of the regions. lt is shown that in the western Baltic and in coastal areas the start of the bloom depends on the increasing radiation when sufficient nutrients are available. In the deeper parts of the Baltic, however, the reduction of the vertical convection together with sufficient light and nutrient supplies is the necessary condition for the outburst of phytoplankton. This lessening of vertical convection is indicated by a decrease of the ratio depth of mixed layer to depth of euphotic zone. The mass development, that means the rapid growth of phytoplankton biomass, is possible when the mixed layer tends to be equal to or less than the euphotic layer. For this thesis examples from different regions of the Baltic and of the North Sea are given.
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: Phallodrilus monospermathecus, a typical interstitial oligochaete from Baltic and North Sea beaches, shows a characteristic microdistribution preferring the moist layers usually slightly above ground water which are sufficiently supplied with water and oxygen, protected against wave action and devoid of hydrogen sulfide. - Ecophysiological experiments testing the resistance against temperature, salinity, alcalinity, and hypoxia proved the populations to be extremely euryecous tolerating single factors far beyond their natural range. However, combinations of adverse factors reduced the tolerable limits, especially those of salinity, considerably. - In boreal climate, the habitat fluctuations for many physiographical factors apparently lie well within the tolerable range of the populations. Hence, the distributional pattern of Ph. monospermathecus from Baltic and North Sea beaches must be ascribed mainly to long-term and preference reactions and probably also to biotic factors (food supply, competition), and is less definable by short-term tolerances. This is in contrast to conspecific populations from Bermuda beaches. Here, the subtropical climate shifts the maximal oscillations of physiographical parameters close to the tolerance limits which makes the field distribution of the population explicable already by short-term survival tests (GIERE, 1977a). - Considering the differing distributional limits of Ph. monospermathecus in their climatically diverse habitats, the nature ot ecophysiological adaptation in this ubiquitous meiobenthic species is discussed.
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2022-05-19
    Description: A working group of the Delta Institute at Yerseke, The Netherlands, studies the ecosystem of saline lake Grevelingen, a former estuary. The theme of the group is the cycling of organic matter in the two phases of the Grevelingen. The pool of particulate organic matter in the Grevelingen estuary (385 g C m-2 yr-1) was fed from various sources. The amount of organic carbon from the North Sea, entering the estuary as detritus equalled the in situ primary production. After the closure of the estuary the import of organic matter from the North Sea was completely cut off. Overall yearly production of the phytoplankton was not notably influenced by the closure, notwithstanding the large changes in environmental conditions. The significance of the phytobenthos production increased considerably. The total amount of organic matter available for consumers, decreased by roughly 40% to a level of 235 g C m-2 yr- 1. In the estuary net production of macrozoobenthos was estimated at 28 g C m- 2 yr-1. This production was almost divided by a factor two after the closure, just as the amount of food available. Changes in the feeding habits of birds may reflect the often less striking changes in the lower parts of the foodchains. Herbivore bird consumption has increased more than 20 fold after the closure. Consumption of zoobenthos showed a threefold decrease whereas the predation by fish-feeding birds increased about a 30 fold after the closure. The change from an estuarine into a stagnant saline ecosystem, bordering the North Sea, resulted in a sharp decrease in the amount of organic matter available as food, and a shift in the relative significance of predominant species.
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2022-05-17
    Description: Die Beobachtung von Barnea-Populationen auf den Schwebesubstraten (verankerte Unterwasserversuchsplattformen) und vor Boknis Eck (Kieler Bucht) erbrachte, daß isolierte Substratflächen von frei schwimmenden Barnea-Larven besiedelt werden, die Bohrmuschel bei geeignetem Substrat auch in größeren Tiefen zu finden ist und auch dort gutes Wachstum zeigt (durchschnittlich 54,2 mm/30 Monate im Experiment). Bei einer Siedlungsdichte von 162 Exempl./m2 ergibt sich auf den Schwebesubstraten in 19 m Wassertiefe ein Flächenabtrag von 5,2 mm/m2/30 Monate. Aufgrund der weit größeren lndividuenzahl im Flachwasser dürfte der Betrag dort um das 3-6fache höher liegen. Ihr Vorkommen scheint in der Ostsee an besondere Küstenformen gebunden zu sein (Kliff mit submariner Abrasionsplattform mit freiliegendem Geschiebemergel oder Ton). Observations of Barnea populations on submerged substrate platforms and off Boknis Eck (Kiel Bight) showed that isolated substrate patches are colonized by free swimming Barnea larvae. This boring clam is also found in deeper regions when suitable substrate is available, and it also shows good growth (mean 54,2 mm/30 months under experimental conditions). There is an abrasion of 5.2 mm2 30 months on the 19 m depth substrate platforms accompanied by a density of 162 individuals/m2. Due to a far denser population in shallower water the abrasion might be 3-6 times larger than in 19 m depth. In the Baltic the occurrence of Barnea candida seems to be linked to certain features of the coast (cliffs with free patches of till or clay on their submarine abrasion platforms).
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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