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  • Open Access  (11)
  • ddc:551  (11)
  • 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Springer Berlin Heidelberg  (24)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-01-15
    Description: In diesem Open-Access-Buch unternimmt der Autor den Versuch, auf das Therapieverfahren der explorativen Tympanoskopie mit Obliteration des/r runden/ovalen Fensters mit autologem Bindegewebe näher einzugehen und es in seiner Wirkung mit den verschiedenen verfahren intratympanaler Steroidinjektionen zu vergleichen. Die im Fokus stehende Operationsmethode stellt eine Therapiemethode in der Behandlung akut eingetretener, hochgradiger, idiopathischer, sensorineuraler Schwerhörigkeiten (Hörstürzen) dar. Sie kann alternativ zu der sicher zur Zeit noch in überwiegender Zahl durchgeführten intratympanalen Kortikoidgaben vorgenommen werden. Die hier zusammengetragenen Ergebnisse inklusive der Hinzufügung von Resultaten eigener Studiengruppen, bei denen die explorative Tympanoskopie zum Einsatz kam, legen nahe, dass die beschriebene Operationsmethode erfolgreich als „Second-line-Verfahren“ in der Behandlung des ausgepröägten Hörsturzes eingesetzt werden kann. Die Frage, inwiefern sie auch im „First-line-Mode“ verwendbar ist, kann durch die vorhandenen Studien noch nicht beantwortet werden. Ihrer Klärung sollte aber, initiiert durch die vorgelegten Therapierergebnisse, in der Zukunft in weiteren, prospektiv angelegten und möglichst doppel verblendeten Untersuchungsreihen mit Einbeziehung von Kontrollgruppen angestrebt werden. ; In diesem Open-Access Buch unternimmt der Autor den Versuch, auf das Therapieverfahren der explorativen Tympanoskopie mit Obliteration des/r runden/ovalen Fenster näher einzugehen und es in seiner Wirkung mit den verschiedenen beschriebenen Verfahren intratympanaler Steroidinjektionen zu vergleichen. Die explorative Tympanoskopie mit Obliteration der runden, ggf. auch ovalen Fensternische mit autologem Bindegewebe stellt eine Therapiemethode in der Behandlung akut eingetretener, hochgradiger, idiopathischer Schallempfindungsschwerhörigkeiten (Hörstürzen) dar. Sie kann alternativ zu der sicher zur Zeit noch in überwiegender Zahl durchgeführten intratympanalen Kortikoidinstillationen vorgenommen werden. Die hier zusammengetragenen Ergebnisse inklusive der Hinzufügung von Resultaten eigener Studiengruppen, bei denen die explorative Tympanoskopie zum Einsatz kam, legen nahe, dass die beschriebene Operationsmethode erfolgreich als „Second-line-Verfahren“ in der Behandlung des ausgepröägten Hörsturzes eingesetzt werden kann. Die Frage, inwiefern sie auch im „First-line-Mode“ verwendbar ist, kann durch die vorhandenen Studien noch nicht beantwortet werden. Ihrer Klärung sollte aber, initiiert durch die vorgelegten Therapierergebnisse, in der Zukunft in weiteren, prospektiv angelegten und möglichst doppel verblendeten Untersuchungsreihen mit Einbeziehung von Kontrollgruppen angestrebt werden.
    Keywords: Open Access ; Tympanoskopie ; Hörsturz ; Hörverluste ; Hörminderung ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJP Otorhinolaryngology (ENT)
    Language: German , English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: Samples and documentation of outcrops and drillings, facies analysis, whole rock geochemistry and radiometric ages have been employed to re-evaluate the Late Carboniferous Tharandt Forest caldera (TFC) and the co-genetic Niederbobritzsch granite (NBG) in the eastern Erzgebirge near Dresden, Germany. The c. 52 km2 TFC harbours strongly welded ignimbrites with a preserved minimum thickness of 550 m. Composition of initial fallout tephra at the base of the TFC fill, comprising lithics of rhyolitic and basic lava, and of silica-rich pyroclastic rocks, suggests a bimodal volcanic activity in the area prior to the climactic TFC eruption. The lower part of the TFC fill comprises quartz-poor ignimbrites, overlain by quartz-rich ignimbrites, apparently without a depositional break. Landslides originating from the collapse collar of the caldera plunged into the still hot TFC fill producing monolithic gneiss mesobreccia with clasts ≤ 1 m in a pyroclastic matrix. Aphanitic and porphyritic rhyolitic magma formed ring- and radial dykes, and subvolcanic bodies in the centre of TFC. Whole rock geochemical data indicate a high silica (most samples have 〉 73 wt% SiO2) rhyolitic composition of the TFC magma, and a similar granodiorite–granitic composition for the NBG. Based on drillings and caldera extent, a minimum volume of 22 km3 of TFC fill is preserved, the original fill is assumed at about 33 km3. This estimate translates into a denudation of at least c. 210 m during Late Paleozoic to pre-Cenomanian. Telescopic subsidence of the TFC took place in two, perhaps three stages. A possible TFC outflow facies has been completely eroded and distal TFC tuff has not been recognized in neighboring basins. New CA-ID-TIMS measurements on two TFC samples gave mean zircon ages of 313.4 ± 0.4 Ma and 311.9 ± 0.4 Ma; two samples from NBG resulted in 318.2 ± 0.5 Ma and 319.5 ± 0.4 Ma. In addition, for one sample of the ring dyke an age of ca. 314.5 ± 0.5 Ma has been obtained. These ages, together with field relations, allow for a model of a long-standing evolution of an upper crustal magmatic system (~ 5 Ma?), where pulses of magmatic injection and crustal doming alternate with magmatic quietness and erosion. Together with the Altenberg–Teplice Volcanic Complex, located some 10 km to the southeast, the TFC–NBG Complex represents an early post-Variscan magmatic activity in central Europe.
    Description: Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (3135)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Single phase caldera evolution ; Caldera wall landslides ; Freiberg gneiss dome ; CA-ID-TIMS zircon dating
    Language: English
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-08-17
    Description: This paper presents radon flux profiles from four regions in Schleswig–Holstein (Northern Germany). Three of these regions are located over deep-rooted tectonic faults or salt diapirs and one is in an area without any tectonic or halokinetic activity, but with steep topography. Contrary to recently published studies on spatial patterns of soil radon gas concentration we measured flux of radon from soil into the atmosphere. All radon devices of each profile were deployed simultaneously to avoid inconsistencies due to strong diurnal variations of radon exhalation. To compare data from different seasons, values had to be normalized. Observed radon flux patterns are apparently related to the mineralogical composition of the Quaternary strata (particularly to the abundance of reddish granite and porphyry), and its grain size (with a flux maximum in well-sorted sand/silt). Minimum radon flux occurs above non-permeable, clay-rich soil layers. Small amounts of water content in the pore space increase radon flux, whereas excessive water content lessens it. Peak flux values, however, are observed over a deep-rooted fault system on the eastern side of Lake Plön, i.e., at the boundary of the Eastholstein Platform and the Eastholstein Trough. Furthermore, high radon flux values are observed in two regions associated with salt diapirism and near-surface halokinetic faults. These regions show frequent local radon flux maxima, which indicate that the uppermost strata above salt diapirs are very inhomogeneous. Deep-rooted increased permeability (effective radon flux depth) or just the boundaries between permeable and impermeable strata appear to concentrate radon flux. In summary, our radon flux profiles are in accordance with the published evidence of low radon concentrations in the “normal” soils of Schleswig–Holstein. However, very high values of radon flux are likely to occur at distinct locations near salt diapirism at depth, boundaries between permeable and impermeable strata, and finally at the tectonically active flanks of the North German Basin.
    Description: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006360
    Description: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz (1030)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Radon flux ; Local radon flux maxima ; Permeability ; Quaternary sediments ; Salt tectonics ; Schleswig–Holstein
    Language: English
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Late Cenozoic was a period of large-scale extension in the Aegean. The extension is mainly recorded in the metamorphic core complexes with little data from the sedimentary sequences. The exception is the Thrace Basin in the northern Aegean, which has a continuous record of Middle Eocene to Oligocene marine sedimentation. In the Thrace Basin, the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene was characterized by north-northwest (N25°W) shortening leading to the termination of sedimentation and formation of large-scale folds. We studied the stratigraphy and structure of one of these folds, the Korudağ anticline. The Korudağ anticline has formed in the uppermost Eocene–Lower Oligocene siliciclastic turbidites with Early Oligocene (31.6 Ma zircon U–Pb age) acidic tuff beds. The turbidites are underlain by a thin sequence of Upper Eocene pelagic limestone. The Korudağ anticline is an east-northeast (N65°E) trending fault-propagation fold, 9 km wide and 22 km long and with a subhorizontal fold axis. It is asymmetric with shallowly-dipping northern and steeply-dipping southern limbs. Its geometry indicates about 1 km of shortening in a N25°W direction. The folded strata are unconformably overlain by Middle Miocene continental sandstones, which constrain the age of folding. The Korudağ anticline and other large folds in the Thrace Basin predate the inception of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) by at least 12 myr. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (28–17 Ma) shortening in the Thrace Basin and elsewhere in the Balkans forms an interlude between two extensional periods, and is probably linked to changes in the subduction dynamics along the Hellenic trench.
    Description: TÜBİTAK
    Description: İTÜ-BAP
    Description: TÜBA
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin (1008)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Thrace Basin ; Shortening ; Oligocene ; Miocene ; Aegean
    Language: English
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: New whole-rock geochemical and coupled U–Pb and Lu–Hf LA-ICP-MS zircon data of metasedimentary rocks of the Austroalpine, South Alpine and Penninic basement domains are presented, to disentangle the pre-Variscan tectonic evolution of the proto-Alps. The studied units seem to record distinct stages of protracted Late Ediacaran to Carboniferous tectonosedimentary processes prior to the Variscan collision. In the case of Austroalpine and South Alpine units, nevertheless, no major differences in terms of provenance are observed, since most detrital zircon samples are characterized by a major Pan-African peak. Their detrital zircon spectra record a provenance from the northeastern Saharan Metacraton and the Sinai basement at the northern Arabian-Nubian Shield, being thus located along the eastern Early Paleozoic northern Gondwana margin, whereas sources located further west are inferred for the Penninic Unit, which might have been placed close to the Moldanubian Unit of the Bohemian Massif. In any case, it is thus clear that the Alpine basement remained in a close position to the Gondwana mainland at least during the Early Paleozoic. The Late Ediacaran to Silurian tectonic evolution, which includes Cadomian and Cenerian tectonometamorphic and magmatic processes, seem thus to record a continuum related to a retreating-mode accretionary orogen, with diachronous back-arc basin opening and possibly discrete compressional/transpressional pulses linked to changes in subduction zone dynamics. On the other hand, it is inferred that the Alpine basement essentially comprises Pan-African metasedimentary and subordinate metaigneous rocks, possibly with very few Early Neoproterozoic relics. This basement was significantly reworked during the protracted Paleozoic orogenic evolution, due to anatexis and/or assimilation by mantle-derived juvenile magmatism.
    Description: Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (1018)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Alpine basement ; Cadomian orogeny ; Cenerian orogeny ; Retreating-mode accretionary orogen ; Sedimentary provenance ; Detrital zircons
    Language: English
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Within the Ararat Valley (Armenia), a continuously growing water demand (for irrigation and fish farming) and a simultaneous decline in groundwater recharge (due to climate change) result in increasing stress on the local groundwater resources. This detrimental development is reflected by groundwater-level drops and an associated reduction of the area with artesian conditions in the valley centre. This situation calls for increasing efforts aimed at more sustainable water resources management. The aim of this baseline study was the collection of data that allows for study on the origin and age distribution of the Ararat Valley groundwater based on environmental tracers, namely stable (δ〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H, δ〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O) and radioactive (〈sup〉35〈/sup〉S, 〈sup〉3〈/sup〉H) isotopes, as well as physical-chemical indicators. The results show that the Ararat Valley receives modern recharge, despite its (semi-)arid climate. While subannual groundwater residence times could be disproved (〈sup〉35〈/sup〉S), the detected 〈sup〉3〈/sup〉H pattern suggests groundwater ages of several decades, with the oldest waters being recharged around 60 years ago. The differing groundwater ages are reflected by varying scatter of stable isotope and hydrochemical signatures. The presence of young groundwater (i.e., younger that the 1970s), some containing nitrate, indicates groundwater vulnerability and underscores the importance of increased efforts to achieve sustainable management of this natural resource. Since stable isotope signatures indicate the recharge areas to be located in the mountains surrounding the valley, these efforts must not be limited to the central part of the valley where most of the abstraction wells are located.
    Description: Technische Universität Darmstadt (3139)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Groundwater residence time ; Tritium ; Radiosulphur ; Stable isotopes ; Armenia
    Language: English
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: Extensive morphological and age studies on more than 4600 detrital zircon grains recovered from modern sands of Namibia reveal complex mechanisms of sediment transport. These data are further supplemented by a zircon age database containing more than 100,000 single grain analyses from the entire southern Africa and allow for hypothesising of a large Southern Namibian Sediment Vortex located between the Damara Orogen and the Orange River in southern Namibia. The results of this study also allow assuming a modified model of the Orange River sand highway, whose origin is likely located further south than previously expected. Moreover, studied samples from other parts of Namibia give first insights into sediment movements towards the interior of the continent and highlight the potential impact of very little spatial variations of erosion rates. Finally, this study points out the huge potential of detrital zircon morphology and large geo-databases as an easy-to-use additional tool for provenance analysis.
    Description: deutsche forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Description: Senckenberg Naturhistorische Sammlungen Dresden (3507)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Namibia ; Zircon ; Mineral morphology ; Sediment transport ; Geochronology ; Database
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-07-27
    Description: The Brenner normal fault bounds the Tauern Window to the west and accommodated a significant portion of the orogen-parallel extension in the Eastern Alps. Here, we use zircon (U–Th)/He, apatite fission track, and apatite (U–Th)/He dating, thermokinematic modeling, and a topographic analysis to constrain the exhumation history of the western Tauern Window in the footwall of the Brenner fault. ZHe ages from an E–W profile (parallel to the slip direction of the fault) decrease westwards from ~ 11 to ~ 8 Ma and suggest a fault-slip rate of 3.9 ± 0.9 km/Myr, whereas AFT and AHe ages show no spatial trends. ZHe and AFT ages from an elevation profile indicate apparent exhumation rates of 1.1 ± 0.7 and 1.0 ± 1.3 km/Myr, respectively, whereas the AHe ages are again spatially invariant. Most of the thermochronological ages are well predicted by a thermokinematic model with a normal fault that slips at a rate of 4.2 km/Myr between ~ 19 and ~ 9 Ma and produces 35 ± 10 km of extension. The modeling reveals that the spatially invariant AHe ages are caused by heat advection due to faulting and posttectonic thermal relaxation. The enigmatic increase of K–Ar phengite and biotite ages towards the Brenner fault is caused by heat conduction from the hot footwall to the cooler hanging wall. Topographic profiles across an N–S valley in the fault footwall indicate 1000 ± 300 m of erosion after faulting ceased, which agrees with the results of our thermokinematic model. Valley incision explains why the Brenner fault is located on the western valley shoulder and not at the valley bottom. We conclude that the ability of thermokinematic models to quantify heat transfer by rock advection and conduction is crucial for interpreting cooling ages from extensional fault systems.
    Description: Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (1056)
    Description: https://github.com/jeanbraun
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; European Alps ; Tauern Window ; Thermochronology ; Thermokinematic modeling
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-07-21
    Description: Late Paleozoic (Variscan) magmatism is widespread in Central Europe. The Lusatian Block is located in the NE Bohemian Massif and it is part of the Saxothuringian Zone of the Variscan orogen. It is bordered by two major NW-trending shear zones, the Intra-Sudetic Fault Zone towards NE and the Elbe Fault Zone towards SW. The scarce Variscan igneous rocks of the Lusatian Block are situated close to these faults. We investigated 19 samples from Variscan plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Lusatian Block, considering all petrological varieties (biotite-bearing granites from the Koenigshain and Stolpen plutons, amphibole-bearing granites from three boreholes, several volcanic dykes, and two volcanites from the intramontane Weissig basin). We applied whole-rock geochemistry (18 samples) and zircon evaporation dating (19 samples). From the evaporation data, we selected six representative samples for additional zircon SHRIMP and CA–ID–TIMS dating. For the Koenigshain pluton, possible protoliths were identified using whole-rock Nd-isotopes, and zircon Hf- and O-isotopes. The new age data allow a subdivision of Variscan igneous rocks in the Lusatian Block into two distinct magmatic episodes. The spatial relation of the two age groups to either the Elbe Fault Zone (298–299 Ma) or the Intra-Sudetic Fault Zone (312–313 Ma) together with reports on the fault-bound character of the dated intrusions suggests an interpretation as two major post-collisional faulting episodes. This assumption of two distinct magmatic periods is confirmed by a compilation of recently published zircon U–Pb CA–ID–TIMS data on further Variscan igneous rocks from the Saxothuringian Zone. New geochemical data allow us to exclude a dominant sedimentary protolith for the Koenigshain pluton as supposed by previous investigations. This conclusion is mainly based on new O- and Hf-isotope data on zircon and the scarcity of inherited zircons. Instead, acid or intermediate igneous rocks are supposed as the main source for these I-type granitoids from the Koenigshain pluton.
    Description: Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg (3135)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Geochronology ; Zircon ; Variscan granites ; Lusatian block
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschreibt das Leben und die Leistungen des norwegischen Ingenieurs und Physikers Rolf Widerøe. Zu seinen vielen bahnbrechenden Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Beschleunigerphysik gehören unter anderem das Betatron und der Linearbeschleuniger, deren Konzepte er in seiner 27-seitigen Doktorarbeit veröffentlichte. Das Betatron revolutionierte die Bereiche der Krebsbehandlung durch Strahlentherapie und durch nicht-desktruktive Tests. Krankenhäuser auf der ganzen Welt setzen Widerøes Maschine ein, und auch die heutigen modernen Geräte zur Strahlenbehandlung basieren auf seinen Erfindungen. Die jüngste Renaissance des Linearbeschleunigers sorgt für beispiellose Röntgenintensitäten bei Freien-Elektronen-Laser-Anlagen, die weltweit in Betrieb sind. Widerøes Geschichte enthält eine gehörige Portion Dramatik, insbesondere während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, als sowohl die Deutschen als auch die Alliierten um seine Mitarbeit buhlten. Der Physiker hatte führende Positionen in multinationalen Industriekonzernen inne und war einer der Berater beim Bau des weltgrößten Kernforschungszentrums CERN in der Schweiz. Er erwarb über 200 Patente, erhielt mehrere Ehrendoktorwürden und eine Reihe internationaler Auszeichnungen. Die Autorin, Journalistin und Produzentin von Fernsehdokumentationen, erzählt in diesem Werk eine fesselnde Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Während ihrer Recherche hatte sie in mehreren Ländern Zugang zu bisher verschlossenen Archiven erhalten, die eine Fülle von neuem Material und Erkenntnissen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Kriegsjahren, lieferten. Das E-Book dieses Werks ist als Open-Access-Veröffentlichung auf springer.com erhältlich. ; Dieses Open-Access-Buch beschreibt das Leben und die Leistungen des norwegischen Ingenieurs und Physikers Rolf Widerøe. Zu seinen vielen bahnbrechenden Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Beschleunigerphysik gehören unter anderem das Betatron und der Linearbeschleuniger, deren Konzepte er in seiner 27-seitigen Doktorarbeit veröffentlichte. Das Betatron revolutionierte die Bereiche der Krebsbehandlung durch Strahlentherapie und durch nicht-desktruktive Tests. Krankenhäuser auf der ganzen Welt setzen Widerøes Maschine ein, und auch die heutigen modernen Geräte zur Strahlenbehandlung basieren auf seinen Erfindungen. Die jüngste Renaissance des Linearbeschleunigers sorgt für beispiellose Röntgenintensitäten bei Freien-Elektronen-Laser-Anlagen, die weltweit in Betrieb sind. Widerøes Geschichte enthält eine gehörige Portion Dramatik, insbesondere während des Zweiten Weltkriegs, als sowohl die Deutschen als auch die Alliierten um seine Mitarbeit buhlten. Der Physiker hatte führende Positionen in multinationalen Industriekonzernen inne und war einer der Berater beim Bau des weltgrößten Kernforschungszentrums CERN in der Schweiz. Er erwarb über 200 Patente, erhielt mehrere Ehrendoktorwürden und eine Reihe internationaler Auszeichnungen. Die Autorin, Journalistin und Produzentin von Fernsehdokumentationen, erzählt in diesem Werk eine fesselnde Wissenschaftsgeschichte. Während ihrer Recherche hatte sie in mehreren Ländern Zugang zu bisher verschlossenen Archiven erhalten, die eine Fülle von neuem Material und Erkenntnissen, insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit den Kriegsjahren, lieferten. Das E-Book dieses Werks ist als Open-Access-Veröffentlichung auf springer.com erhältlich. Die Autorin Aashild Sørheim ist Autorin, Wissenschaftsjournalistin und Produzentin. Sie arbeitete als Journalistin unter anderem für Aftenposten, Norwegens größte Tageszeitung, den Norwegischen Rundfunk NRK sowie diverse Forschungsinstitute. Sie ist Gründerin der „Nationalen Stiftung für die Verbreitung der Forschung“. Von 1985 bis 1990 war sie Leiterin der Informationsdienste des königlich-norwegischen Rates für wissenschaftliche und industrielle Forschung. Ihre TV-Dokumentation „Immer Brüder. Rolf und Viggo Widerøe" wurde 2016 ausgestrahlt.
    Keywords: Teilchenbeschleuniger ; Betatron ; Teilchenphysik ; Elementarteilchen ; Proton ; Beschleuniger ; CERN ; Synchrotron ; Resonanzbeschleuniger ; Open Access ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDX History of science ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics
    Language: German
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: Dieses Buch ist eine Open Access Publikation. Der lange gehegte Traum von künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) wird in unserer Alltagswelt zunehmend Realität. Damit verbinden sich hohe gesellschaftliche Erwartungen, aber auch Sorgen hinsichtlich einer schleichenden Entmündigung des Menschen. Am Beispiel des Forschungssektors lotet dieser Band die Optionen, Entwicklungschancen und Risiken von KI-Techniken für die Zukunft des wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisprozesses und der darauf beruhenden technischen Entwicklungen aus. Zu diesem Zweck wird zunächst der Stand der KI-Technik und ihrer Anwendungen dargestellt. Es folgen wissenschaftsphilosophische Untersuchungen zur Frage der Ersetzbarkeit des forschenden Menschen durch KI und zu erwartenden Veränderungen in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung. Weitere Abschnitte widmen sich den Folgen für die Arbeitswelt von Forschern/Forscherinnen sowie den durch KI erzeugten neuen Herausforderungen für die rechtliche Regulierung im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaftsfreiheit und Datenschutz. Der Band schließt mit Empfehlungen für die verantwortlichen Akteure in Wissenschaft, Forschungspolitik und Gesellschaft aus interdisziplinärer Perspektive.
    Keywords: Künstliche Intelligenz ; Big Data ; Computerwissenschaften ; Wandel in Wissenschaft und Forschung ; Wissenschaftsgeschichte ; Wissenschaftsphilosophie ; Psychologie wissenschaftlicher Arbeit ; Organisationspsychologie ; Arbeitsgestaltung ; Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft ; Regulierung in Wissenschaft und Forschung ; Forschungsethik ; Technikfolgenabschätzung ; wissenschaftliche Politikberatung ; Open Access ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPQ Ethics & moral philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTQ Ethics and moral philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence
    Language: German
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  • 12
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Dieses Buch ist eine Open-Access-Publikation unter einer CC BY 4.0 Lizenz. Wie können wir die digitale Transformation in der Wirtschaft bewältigen und dabei die Souveränität von allen Beteiligten fördern? Dieser Frage widmet sich der Band des Instituts für Innovation und Technik (iit) zum gleichnamigen Symposium mit dem Titel „Digitalisierung souverän gestalten – Innovative Impulse im Maschinenbau“. Er enthält elf Beiträge von Expert:innen verschiedenster Disziplinen. Betrachtet werden darin Herausforderungen und Lösungsansätze für Unternehmen und ihre Beschäftigten, aber auch politische Akteure und Intermediäre wie etwa Verbände. Zu den Themen gehören beispielsweise Kompetenzen für digitalisierte Arbeitsplätze, maschinelles Lernen zur Programmierung von Werkzeugmaschinen, künstliche Intelligenz in der Produktentstehung, aber auch plattformbasierte Dienstleistungen oder Geschäftsmodelle im Werkzeugmaschinenbau. Darüber hinaus werden übergreifende juristische Fragen ebenso aufgegriffen wie Implikationen für den Standort Deutschland.
    Keywords: Mechanical Engineering ; Business and Management, general ; Industrial Organization ; Innovation and Technology Management ; Digitale Souveränität ; Werkzeugmaschinenbau ; Künstliche Intelligenz ; Geschäftsmodelle ; Maschinelles Lernen ; Mensch-Maschine-Interaktionen ; Arbeitsplatzgestaltung ; Open Access ; Business & Management ; Economics of industrial organisation ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KC Economics::KCD Economics of industrial organization
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Dieser Open-Access-Sammelband vereint strukturierte Erfahrungsberichte und Reflexionen von Hochschullehrenden und Studierenden in der pluralen, sozioökonomischen Hochschulbildung. Neben der konkreten Inspiration, die diese Beiträge für andere Lehrende darstellen sollen, werden mit diesem Band erste Bausteine für eine plurale, sozioökonomische Hochschuldidaktik entwickelt. Sie verfolgt das Ziel, die Reflexion der gesellschaftlichen Bedingungen und die soziale Einbettung von ökonomischen Fragestellungen zum integralen Bestandteil eines jeden wirtschaftsbezogenen Studiums zu machen.
    Keywords: Organizational Studies, Economic Sociology ; Social Sciences, general ; Economic Sociology ; Sociology of Knowledge and Discourse ; Open Access ; Sozioökonomie ; Plurale Ökonomik ; Innovative Ansätze in der Wirtschaft ; Studium Wirtschaftssoziologie ; Politische Ökonomie ; Sociology: work & labour ; Society & Social Sciences ; Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBL Sociology: work & labour ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: German
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  • 14
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-03-27
    Description: Dieses Open-Access-Buch geht der Zeitreflexion im Feld der Novellistik nach und ergründet Erzählstrategien und -logiken der literarischen Vertextung von ‚Zeit‘, ihre funktionale Einbindung wie auch ihre selbstreflexive und poetologische Gestaltung in Texten. Die Grundlage bildet ein fundiertes, semiotisches Analyseinstrumentarium. Berücksichtigt wird eine breite Textauswahl mit Werken unter anderem von Büchner, Eichendorff, Gutzkow, Hauff, Hebbel, Mundt, Stifter und Tieck. Den historischen Abschnitt zwischen Goethezeit und Realismus kennzeichnet ein Selbstverständnis als Zwischenphase, in der merklich etwas zu Ende geht, ohne dass bereits etwas Neues begonnen hätte. Verankert ist dieser Problemkomplex in einer epocheneigenen Reflexion von Zeit, deren Spezifik in der Verbreiterung des Zukunftshorizontes und dem Auseinanderklaffen von Zukunftsvorstellung und -realisierung liegt. Dabei stellt sich heraus: Die Zukunft als epistemischer Dreh- und Angelpunkt der Zwischenphase ist hochgradig relevant, flexibel und imponderabel. Der Autor: Stephan Brössel forscht und lehrt als Privatdozent und Akademischer Rat a. Z. am Germanistischen Institut der WWU Münster, Abteilung Neuere deutsche Literatur, Schwerpunkt: Literatur und Medien.
    Keywords: Nineteenth-Century Literature ; Literary Theory ; Literature, general ; Narrative Text and Prose ; Zeitkonzepte ; Literaturgeschichte ; Biedermeier ; Vormärz ; Selbstreflexion ; Novelle ; Open Access ; Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900 ; Biography, Literature & Literary studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general::DSBF Literary studies: c 1800 to c 1900 ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSA Literary theory ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies
    Language: German
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  • 15
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: This open access book examines the implications of internal crowdsourcing (IC) in companies. Presenting an employee-oriented, cross-sector reference model for good IC practice, it discusses the core theoretical foundations, and offers guidelines for process-management and blueprints for the implementation of IC. Furthermore, it examines solutions for employee training and competence development based on crowdsourcing. As such, the book will appeal to scholars of management science, work studies, organizational and participation research and to readers interested in inclusive approaches for cooperative change management and the IT implications for IC platforms.
    Keywords: Human Resource Development ; Knowledge Management ; Business Process Management ; Business Information Systems ; Human Resource Management ; Management ; IT in Business ; Agile organisations ; Scrum for crowdsourcing ; Future of work ; Cultural change ; Employee participation and qualification ; Collective experience and knowledge ; Open Access ; Personnel & human resources management ; Business mathematics & systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV3 Knowledge management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJQ Business mathematics & systems
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: From the reviews: "This book is a very welcome and valuable addition to the accelerator literature. As noted by the authors, there is relatively little material in the book specifically for low-energy machines, but industrial users may still find it useful to read." Cern Courier ; The intent of this book is to bridge the link between experimental obser­ vations and theoretical principles in accelerator physics. The methods and concepts, taken primarily from high energy accelerators, have for the most part already been presented in internal reports and proceedings of accelera­ tor conferences, a portion of which has appeared in refereed journals. In this book we have tried to coherently organize this material so as to be useful to designers and operators in the commissioning and operation of particle accelerators. A point of emphasis has been to provide, wherever possible, experimental data to illustrate the particular concept under discussion. Of the data pre­ sented, most are collected from presently existing or past accelerators and we regret the problem of providing original data some of which appear in less accessible publications - for possible omissions we apologize. Regarding the uniformity of the text, particularly with respect to symbol definitions, we have taken the liberty to edit certain representations of the data while trying to maintain the essence of the presented observations. Throughout the text we have attempted to provide references which are readily available for the reader.; This reference and advanced textbook is the first comprehensive and systematic review of all methods used for the measurement, correction, and control of the beam dynamics of modern particle accelerators. Based on material presented in several lectures at the US Particle Accelerator School, the text is intended for graduate students starting research or work in the field of beam physics. Relativistic beams in linear accelerators and storage rings provide the focus. After a review of linear optics, the text addresses basic and advanced techniques for beam control, plus a variety of methods for the manipulation of particle-beam properties. In each case, specific procedures are illustrated by examples from operational accelerators. The book also treats special topics such as injection and extraction methods, beam cooling, spin transport, and polarization. Problems and solutions enhance the books usefulness in graduate courses.
    Keywords: Particle Acceleration and Detection, Beam Physics ; Measurement Science and Instrumentation ; Accelerator Physics ; CERN ; DESY ; Particle accelerator ; Storage ring ; control ; measurement ; Open Access ; Particle & high-energy physics ; Scientific standards, measurement etc ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHP Particle and high-energy physics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDD Scientific standards, measurement etc
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-01
    Description: This Open Access volume explains how major nuclear and radiological emergencies (NREs) can have implications at local, national and international level. The response to NREs requires a competent decision-making structure, clear communication and effective information exchange. National veterinary services have the responsibility to plan, design and manage animal production system in their countries. These activities cover animal health, animal movement control, production control and improvement, and control of the products of animal origin before their placement on the market. Release of radionuclides after NREs can cause substantial contamination in the animal production systems. Critical responsibility of veterinary authorities is therefore to prevent such contamination, establish early response mechanisms to mitigate the consequences and prevent placement of contaminated products of animal origin on the market for human consumption. This work summarizes the critical technical points for effective management of NREs for national veterinary services.
    Keywords: Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science ; Public Health ; Emergency Services ; Animal Ecology ; Nutrition ; Veterinary Science ; Ecology ; Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies ; Radiological Contamination ; Animal Production Systems ; Disaster Management ; Open Access ; Veterinary medicine ; Public health & preventive medicine ; Accident & emergency medicine ; Zoology & animal sciences ; Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MZ Veterinary medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health and preventive medicine ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKP Accident and emergency medicine ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSV Zoology and animal sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Gegenstand dieser Open Access Publikation sind die Auswirkungen automatisierter und vernetzter Fahrzeuge auf die Europäische Stadt sowie die Voraussetzungen, unter denen diese Technologie einen positiven Beitrag zur Stadtentwicklung leisten kann. Dabei vertreten die Autorinnen und Autoren zwei Thesen, die im wissenschaftlichen Diskurs bislang wenig Beachtung fanden: Automatisierte und vernetzte Fahrzeuge werden sich für lange Zeit nicht in allen Teilräumen der Stadt durchsetzen. Dies hat zur Folge, dass bislang angenommene Wirkungen - von der Verkehrssicherheit bis zur Verkehrsleistung sowie räumliche Effekte - neu bewertet werden müssen. Um einen positiven Beitrag dieser Technologie zur Mobilität der Zukunft sicherzustellen, müssen verkehrs- und siedlungspolitische Regulationen weiterentwickelt werden. Etablierte territoriale, institutionelle und organisatorische Grenzen sind zeitnah zu hinterfragen. Trotz oder wegen der bestehenden großen Unsicherheiten befinden wir uns am Beginn einer Phase des Gestaltens - in der Technologieentwicklung, aber eben auch in der Politik, Stadtplanung, Verwaltung und der Zivilgesellschaft.
    Keywords: Automotive Engineering ; Mechanical Engineering ; Autonomes Fahren ; Automatisiertes Fahren ; Automatisiertes und vernetztes Fahren ; Verkehrswende ; Stadtentwicklung ; Open Access ; Europäische Stadt ; Automotive technology & trades ; Automotive (motor mechanic) skills ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TR Transport technology and trades::TRC Automotive technology and trades ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
    Language: German
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  • 19
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    Springer Nature | Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Dieser Open Access Band bietet sowohl deutsch- als auch italienischsprachige Beiträge zu wesentlichen Bereichen des gewerblichen Rechtsschutzes und des Urheberrechts aus der Sicht des deutschen, italienischen und österreichischen Rechts sowie zum TRIPS-Abkommen samt einem Blick auf das vorläufig in Kraft getretene Handelsabkommen zwischen Kanada und der Europäischen Union (CETA). Ein Schwerpunkt ist Schadenersatzansprüchen aus der Verletzung von Immaterialgüterrechten gewidmet, wobei die bei grenzüberschreitenden Sachverhalten auftretenden Fragen der internationalen Gerichtszuständigkeit und des Kollisionsrechts speziell behandelt werden. Darüber hinaus werden Bezüge zum italienischen Verfassungsrecht sowie zum europäischen Wettbewerbsrecht hergestellt und auch wirtschaftsstrafrechtliche Aspekte angesprochen. Schließlich wird ein Ausblick auf die zukünftige Entwicklung des internationalen Immaterialgüterrechts in der Europäischen Union gegeben. Ausgangspunkt für das Buch bildete der vom Internationalen Forum für Wirtschaftsrecht getragene 1. Bozner Wirtschaftsrechtstag, bei dem besonderes Augenmerk auf die Berührung des deutschsprachigen Rechts- und Wirtschaftsraumes mit dem italienischen gelegt wird.
    Keywords: IT Law, Media Law, Intellectual Property ; Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law ; International Economic Law, Trade Law ; European Economic Law ; Private International Law, International and Foreign Law, Comparative Law ; Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz ; Urheberrecht ; Rechtsvergleichung ; Schadensersatz wegen Verletzung von Immaterialgüterrechten ; Internationales Privat- und Prozessrecht ; Italienisches Verfassungsrecht ; Gerichtszuständigkeit ; CETA ; Internationales Immaterialgüterrecht ; Handelsabkommen ; TRIPS ; Wettbewerbsrecht ; Open Access ; Entertainment & media law ; International law ; Comparative law ; Public international law: economic & trade ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LN Laws of Specific jurisdictions::LNJ Entertainment & media law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBB Public international law::LBBM International economic & trade law
    Language: German , Italian
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: Paleo-shorelines on continental shelves give insights into the complex development of coastlines during sealevel cycles. This study investigates the geologic development of the Limpopo Shelf during the last sealevel cycle using multichannel seismic and acoustic datasets acquired on the shelf in front of the Limpopo River mouth. A detailed investigation of seismic facies, shelf bathymetry, and a correlation to sea level revealed the presence of numerous submerged shorelines on the shelf. These shorelines are characterized by distinct topographic ridges and are interpreted as coastal dune ridges that formed in periods of intermittent sealevel still-/slowstand during transgression. The shorelines are preserved due to periods of rapid sealevel rise (melt water pulses) that led to the overstepping of the dune ridges as well as due to early cementation of accumulated sediments that increased the erosive resistance of the ridges. The high along-shelf variability of the submerged dune ridges is interpreted as a result of pre-existing topography affecting shoreline positions during transgression. The pre-existing topography is controlled by the underlying sedimentary deposits that are linked to varying fluvial sediment input at different points on the shelf. The numerous prominent submerged dune ridges form barriers for the modern fluvial sediment from the Limpopo River and dam sediment on the inner shelf. They may also facilitate along-shelf current-induced sediment transport.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Limpopo Shelf ; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: After the onset of plate collision in the Alps, at 32–34 Ma, the deep structure of the orogen is inferred to have changed dramatically: European plate break-offs in various places of the Alpine arc, as well as a possible reversal of subduction polarity in the eastern Alps have been proposed. We review different high-resolution tomographic studies of the upper mantle and combine shear- and body-wave models to assess the most reliable geometries of the slabs. Several hypotheses for the tectonic evolution are presented and tested against the tomographic model interpretations and constraints from geologic and geodetic observations. We favor the interpretation of a recent European slab break-off under the western Alps. In the eastern Alps, we review three published scenarios for the subduction structure and propose a fourth one to reconcile the results from tomography and geology. We suggest that the fast slab anomalies are mainly due to European subduction; Adriatic subduction plays no or only a minor role along the Tauern window sections, possibly increasing towards the Dinarides. The apparent northward dip of the slab under the eastern Alps may be caused by imaging a combination of Adriatic slab, from the Dinaric subduction system, and a deeper lying European one, as well as by an overturned, retreating European slab.
    Description: GRNE graduate school
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DE)
    Description: H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions ()
    Description: http://www.orfeus-eu.org/eida
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Seismic tomography ; Subduction slabs ; Alpine subduction system ; Slab break-off ; Slab polarity reversal
    Language: English
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2023-06-17
    Description: The Namibian Mesozoic successions may be remnant of a high dynamic sedimentary system that is characterized by multiple stages of sediment accumulation and erosion with contemporaneous homogenization starting with the deposition of the Permo-Carboniferous Dwyka Group strata and continues at least until the Lower Cretaceous. The Lower Cretaceous sedimentary system is interpreted to have involved at least an area covering the whole SW Gondwana, documenting the sedimentary history during the evolution from an ice house environment to an arid desert. To test the sediment homogenization hypothesis, we applied a combination of isotopic and morphometric data on detrital zircon grains, as well as whole-rock geochemical data of selected Mesozoic sandstones from Namibia. As a base for the interpretation of the detrital zircon age data we compiled a zircon age dataset with c. 44,000 analyses for the southern African region. All samples reveal a major detrital pan-African zircon age peak of c. 0.5–0.7 Ga sourced from the pan-African magmatic events occurring around the Kalahari Craton margin. The lowermost Triassic is characterized by the occurrence of additional Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic age peaks of c. 1.0–1.2 Ga and 1.8–2.0 Ga with a majority of zircon grains showing angular shapes. The protosource of these grains is interpreted to possibly be the Namaqua Metamorphic Complex and other Paleoproterozoic structural units deformed in course of the Namaqua orogeny. In contrast, other samples show a prominent Permo-Triassic age peak and completely rounded zircon grains, putatively derived from within the Gondwanides volcanic arc. The disparity in the zircon age pattern may point towards a change in provenance and also a change in the whole system of zircon recycling during the Mesozoic southern Gondwana. The Lower Triassic Neu Loore fm. are constrained to more local bedrock sources and short zircon transport distance. In contrast, zircon grains of the Middle Triassic Omingonde, the Jurassic Etjo und the Cretaceous Twyfelfontein formations are an expression for a major recycling and sediment homogenization system. The system was facilitated by an interplay between fluvial and eolian sedimentary transport systems.
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Zircon U–pb ; Mesozoic ; Gondwana ; Karoo ; Namibia
    Language: English
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2023-01-27
    Description: One of the major objectives of volcanology remains relating variations in surface monitoring signals to the magmatic processes at depth that cause these variations. We present a method that enables compositional and temporal information stored in zoning of minerals (olivine in this case) to be linked to observations of real-time degassing data. The integrated record may reveal details of the dynamics of gradual evolution of a plumbing system during eruption. We illustrate our approach using the 2006 summit eruptive episodes of Mt. Etna. We find that the history tracked by olivine crystals, and hence, most likely the magma pathways within the shallow plumbing system of Mt. Etna, differed considerably between the July and October eruptions. The compositional and temporal record preserved in the olivine zoning patterns reveal two mafic recharge events within months of each other (June and September 2006), and each of these magma supplies may have triggered the initiation of different eruptive cycles (July 14–24 and August 31–December 14). Correlation of these observations with gas monitoring data shows that the systematic rise of the CO2/SO2gas values is associated with the gradual (preand syn-eruptive) supply of batches of gas-rich mafic magma into segments of Etna’s shallow plumbing system, where mixing with pre-existing and more evolved magma occurred.
    Description: This work was funded by the German Science Foundation as part of the collaborative research centre (SFB) on Rheology of the Crust—from the upper crust to the subduction zone (SFB 526).
    Description: Published
    Description: 692
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Sorveglianza vulcanica ed emergenze
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Crystal zoning ; Plumbing system Mt. Etna ; Magma mixing ; Gas monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2018-01-31
    Description: Published
    Description: 1VV. Altro
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: User Interfaces ; Human Computer Interaction ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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