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  • 1
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    Late Oligocene—Early Miocene shortening in the Thrace Basin, northern Aegean (2021)
    Springer Berlin Heidelberg
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-20
    Description: Late Cenozoic was a period of large-scale extension in the Aegean. The extension is mainly recorded in the metamorphic core complexes with little data from the sedimentary sequences. The exception is the Thrace Basin in the northern Aegean, which has a continuous record of Middle Eocene to Oligocene marine sedimentation. In the Thrace Basin, the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene was characterized by north-northwest (N25°W) shortening leading to the termination of sedimentation and formation of large-scale folds. We studied the stratigraphy and structure of one of these folds, the Korudağ anticline. The Korudağ anticline has formed in the uppermost Eocene–Lower Oligocene siliciclastic turbidites with Early Oligocene (31.6 Ma zircon U–Pb age) acidic tuff beds. The turbidites are underlain by a thin sequence of Upper Eocene pelagic limestone. The Korudağ anticline is an east-northeast (N65°E) trending fault-propagation fold, 9 km wide and 22 km long and with a subhorizontal fold axis. It is asymmetric with shallowly-dipping northern and steeply-dipping southern limbs. Its geometry indicates about 1 km of shortening in a N25°W direction. The folded strata are unconformably overlain by Middle Miocene continental sandstones, which constrain the age of folding. The Korudağ anticline and other large folds in the Thrace Basin predate the inception of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) by at least 12 myr. The Late Oligocene–Early Miocene (28–17 Ma) shortening in the Thrace Basin and elsewhere in the Balkans forms an interlude between two extensional periods, and is probably linked to changes in the subduction dynamics along the Hellenic trench.
    Description: TÜBİTAK
    Description: İTÜ-BAP
    Description: TÜBA
    Description: Freie Universität Berlin (1008)
    Keywords: ddc:551 ; Thrace Basin ; Shortening ; Oligocene ; Miocene ; Aegean
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fission-track evidence for late Oligocene and mid-Miocene activity along the North Anatolian Fault in south-western Thrace (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 17 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Apatite fission-track (FT) analyses of sandstone samples collected across the trace of the Ganos segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) in south-western Thrace (Turkey) indicate that a significant structural discontinuity was in existence at least by the latest Oligocene. Such discontinuity had a complex kinematic history, as exhumation south of it occurred during the latest Oligocene and north of it during the mid-Miocene. Our data imply that early Pliocene westward propagation of the NAF in the Marmara region followed a pre-existing structural discontinuity; such discontinuity could be related to the development of the Intra-Pontide Suture, marking the terminal closure of the Intra-Pontide Ocean during the Oligocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.2004.00583.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-collision magmatism and tectonics in northwest Anatolia (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 117 (1994), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A suite of biotite-hornblende granodiorite intrusions has been emplaced into blueschist-facies metasediments in northwest Anatolia, following collision between two continental margins, now represented by the Tavşanli and Sakarya zones. The 40Ar/39Ar ages of phengites and glaucophanes from the blueschists, metamorphosed under unusually high P-low T conditions (P=20±2 kbar, T=430±30° C), suggest that metamorphism apparently occurred over a period spanning at least 20 Ma from 108 to 88 Ma. Post-tectonic granodiorites were emplaced during the Eocene (53 to 48 Ma) resulting in a cordierite and andalusite-bearing thermal aureole, indicative of pressures of ∼3 kbar. Trace-element systematics of the granodiorites are consistent with a derivation either from mantle-derived magmas by fractional crystallisation in shallow magma chambers, or from anatexis of crustal lithologies of internediate composition at pressures 〈10 kbar. The preservation of high P-low T assemblages in the blueschists together with the range of ages determined for blueschist-facies metamorphism are indicative of rapid exhumation of delaminated fragments from a subducted continental margin. However decompression melting of the crust is unlikely to have been a significant cause of magmatism, both because exhumation of the blueschists from deep crustal levels predated magmatism by at least 25 Ma, and because of the small melt fraction (〈0.1) that may be generated in crustal lithologies by this process. Melting in the mantle wedge is required either to generate a primary melt for the derivation of magmas of intermediate composition or to provide an advective heat source for crustal melting. The cause of melt formation in the upper mantle may be related to the termination of subduction following collision during the Mid-Eocene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310866
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sapphirine and Ti-clinohumite in ultra-high-pressure garnet-pyroxenite and eclogite from Dabie Shan, China (1994)
    Springer
    Contributions to mineralogy and petrology 116 (1994), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0967
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Sapphirine occurs as inclusions along with clinochlore, enstatite, talc, corundum, gedrite, hornblende and phlogopite in millimetre-size garnets from the orthopyroxenites in a 50-m-thick mafic-ultramafic lens in Dabie Shan in China. The lens, enclosed by felsic gneiss, is made up of metre-scale intercalation of garnet-or-thopyroxenite, garnet-clinopyroxenite, eclogite and gneiss. The equilibrium conditions of the matrix minerals, as determined from the Fe−Mg exchange equilibria between garnet and orthopyroxene, and Al solubility in orthopyroxene were 740±50°C temperature and over 40 kbar pressure. Pressures of over 28 kbar are also indicated by inclusions of quartz pseudomorphs after coesite in garnet from the eclogites. Phase relations among the inclusion minerals, on the other hand, indicate similar temperatures of 730±30°C but much lower pressures of 4±2 kbar. The mafic-ultramafic lens was therefore not a direct mantle fragment but was probably a low-pressure cumulate in the upper crust. The early granulite-facies metamorphism was most likely part of a Precambrian event genetically unrelated to the Triassic ultra-highpressure metamorphism. Ti-clinohumite occurs in garnet-orthopyroxenites as a matrix mineral and appears to have been stable during the ultra-high-pressure metamorphism. Its stability was controlled by the fluorine fugacity as documented by its reaction textures with olivine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310696
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  • 5
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    Evidence of Eocene high-temperature/high-pressure metamorphism of ophiolitic rocks and granitoid intrusion related to Neotethyan subduction processes (Doğanşehir area, SE Anatolia) (2013)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 372: 249-272.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-04
    Description: New data for regionally important granulite facies metaophiolitic rocks and cross-cutting granitoids rocks are presented and discussed. The high-temperature/high-pressure Berit metaophiolite is cut by unmetamorphosed Eocene (51–45 Ma) granitoid rocks. The highest metamorphic grade occurs in blocks of mafic granulites. Enveloping amphibolite facies rocks reflect retrograde metamorphism related to exhumation. Sm–Nd (pyroxene–garnet–amphibole–whole rock) isochron ages of 52–50 Ma for the granulite facies rocks are interpreted to represent the time of cooling of the granulite facies rocks. The over-riding Malatya metamorphic unit to the north is also intruded by Eocene granitoid rocks. The granulite facies metamorphism of the meta-ophiolitic rocks is inferred to have formed in the roots of an Eocene magmatic arc, with accentuated heat flow being provided by subduction of a spreading ridge, or rupture of the subducting slab. The high-temperature/high-pressure metamorphism was followed by exhumation, as indicated by field structural relations and the evidence of retrograde metamorphism. The Eocene arc magmatism can best be explained by northward subduction of the Southern Neotethys, which persisted after the time of latest Cretaceous regional ophiolite emplacement until the collision of the Eurasian (Anatolian) and Arabian continents during the Early–Mid Miocene. Subsequent Plio-Quaternary left-lateral strike-slip strongly affected the area.Supplementary-material: Four supplementary tables giving the whole rock geochemistry of the granitoids, mineral geochemistry of the granulite facies rocks, LA-MC-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb data belonging to granitoids and Sm–Nd data belonging to granulite facies rocks and two documents giving the detailed analytical procedures and detailed petrography of the granitoids are available at www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18588
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  • 6
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    Sinistral transport along the Trans-European Suture Zone: detrital zircon-rutile geochronology and sandstone petrography from the Carboniferous flysch of the Pontides (2011)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-01
    Description: The Lower Carboniferous flysch of the Istanbul Zone in Turkey is an over 1500 m thick turbiditic sandstone-shale sequence marking the onset of the Variscan deformation in the Pontides. It overlies Lower Carboniferous black cherts and is unconformably overlain by Lower Triassic continental sandstones and conglomerates. The petrography of the Carboniferous sandstones and the geochronology and geochemistry of the detrital zircons and rutiles were studied to establish the provenance of the clastic rocks. The sandstones are feldspathic to lithic greywackes and subgreywackes with approximately equal amounts of quartz, feldspar and lithic clasts. The amount of quartz and lithic fragments decreases upwards in the sequence at the expense of feldspar. The lithic fragments are dominated by intermediate volcanic rocks, followed by metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments. Coarse lithic fragments are generally granitoidic. In the discrimination diagrams, sandstone samples lie mainly in the field of dissected arc. A total of 218 detrital zircons and 35 detrital rutiles from four sandstone samples were analysed with laser ablation ICP-MS. The detrital zircons show a predominantly bimodal age distribution with Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous (390 to 335 Ma) and Cambrian-Neoproterozoic (640 to 520 Ma) ages. The remaining 9 % of the analysed zircons are in the 1700-2750 Ma range; zircons of the 700-1700 Ma age range are absent. The REE patterns and Th/U ratios of the zircons are consistent with a magmatic origin. With one exception (Neoproterozoic), the rutile ages are Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous and their geochemistry indicates that they were derived from amphibolite-facies metamorphic rocks. Sandstone petrography and detrital zircon-rutile ages suggest one dominant source for the Lower Carboniferous sandstones: a Late Devonian to Early Carboniferous magmatic and metamorphic province with overprinted Neoproterozoic basement. Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous magmatic and metamorphic rocks are unknown from the Eastern Mediterranean region. They are, however, widespread in central Europe. The Istanbul Zone is commonly correlated with the Avalonian terrranes in central Europe, which collided with the Armorican terranes during Carboniferous times, resulting in the Variscan orogeny. The Carboniferous flysch of the Istanbul Zone must have been derived from a colliding Armorican terrane, as indicated by the absence of 700-1700 Ma zircons and by Late Devonian-Early Carboniferous magmatism, typical features of the Armorican terranes. This suggests that during Carboniferous times the Istanbul terrane was located close to the Bohemian Massif and has been translated by strike-slip along the Trans-European Suture Zone to its Cretaceous position north of the Black Sea.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 7
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    Apatite fission-track thermochronology of the Western Pontides (NW Turkey) (2012)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-01-01
    Description: The results of apatite fission-track analyses of the Western Pontides of NW Turkey point to three discrete episodes of Cenozoic exhumation correlatable with major supraregional tectonic events. (1) Paleocene–early Eocene exhumation reflected the closure of the Izmir–Ankara ocean. (2) Late Eocene–earliest Oligocene exhumation was the result of renewed tectonic activity along the Izmir–Ankara suture. (3) Late Oligocene–early Miocene exhumation recorded the onset of northern Aegean extension. Samples collected north and south of the tectonic contact between the two terranes forming the Western Pontides (i.e. Istanbul and Sakarya terranes) record the same cooling events, suggesting that such terranes were amalgamated in pre-Cenozoic times.
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 8
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    Mantle Lithosphere Rheology, Vertical Tectonics, and the Exhumation of (U)HP Rocks (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-01
    Description: Numerical modeling results indicate that mantle lithosphere rheology can influence the pressure-temperature-time (P-T-t) trajectories of continental crust subducted and exhumed during the onset of continental collision. Exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (~35 kbar)/high-temperature (~750°C) metamorphic rocks is more prevalent in models with stronger continental mantle lithosphere (e.g., dry), whereas high-pressure (~9–22 kbar)/low-temperature (350°C–630°C) metamorphic rocks occur in models with weaker rheology (e.g., hydrated) for the same layer. In the latter case, the buried crustal rocks can remain encased in ablatively subducting mantle lithosphere, reach only moderate temperatures, and exhume by dripping/detachment of the lithospheric root. In this transition from subduction to a dripping style of “vertical tectonics,” burial and exhumation of crustal rocks are driven without imposed far-field plate convergence. The model results are compared against thermobarometric P-T estimates from major (ultra)high-pressure metamorphic terranes. We propose that the exhumation of high-pressure/low-temperature metamorphic rocks in Tavşanlı and Afyon zones in western Anatolia may be caused by viscous dripping of mantle lithosphere suggesting a weaker continental mantle lithosphere, whereas (ultra)high-pressure exhumation (e.g., Dabie Shan-eastern China and Dora Maira-western Alps) may be associated with plate-like subduction. In the latter case, the slab is much stronger and deformation is localized to the subduction interface along which rocks are buried to 〉100 km depth before they are exhumed to the near surface. ©2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
    Print ISSN: 2169-9313
    Electronic ISSN: 2169-9356
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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  • 9
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    The Thrace Basin and the Black Sea: the Eocene–Oligocene marine connection (2017)
    Cambridge University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-09-18
    Print ISSN: 0016-7568
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-5081
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Cambridge University Press
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  • 10
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    Comment on “Relict Basin Closure and Crustal Shortening Budgets During Continental Collision: An Example From Caucasus Sediment Provenance” by Cowgill et al. (2016) (2018)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0278-7407
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9194
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Geophysical Union
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