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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 46-47 (1981), S. 117-129 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Arid zone ; Dynamic ; Protection against grazing ; Regeneration ; Steppe ; Tunisia ; Vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The results of observations and measurements on five units of steppic vegetation in the mediterranean arid zone of S. Tunisia are presented in this paper. These units were totally protected against big herbivore grazing using barbed wire fencing during seven consecutive years. The steppes in question are composed of small shrublike chamaephytes. Annual plants appear when there is sufficient rainfall. This vegetation has been subjected to extensive overgrazing and is in general, degraded. Our objective was to study regeneration of the natural vegetation of five steppe types in order to recommend an optimum period for protection: 1) a steppe on a gypseous crust resulting from overgrazing of the Zygophyllum album-Anarrhinum brevifolium association; 2) a steppe on a sandy, gypseous, rocky-surfaced colluvium resulting from overgrazing of the Rhantherium suaveolens-Artemisia campestris association, Atratylis serratuloides sub-association; 3) a very open steppe on a deep, gypseous, sandy colluvium-alluvium (sierozem) having the appearance of a post-cultivated grazed Plantago albicans facies of the Rhantherium suaveolens association; 4) a steppe in good condition on a deep, sandy-soiled plain representative of the Rhantherium suaveolens-Artemisia campestris association; 5) a post-cultivated facies of the Artemisia herba-alba-Arthrophytum scoparium association on a deep piedmont, loamy, and gypseous colluvium soil, traditionally cultivated with cereals. The effect of protecting these steppes was mainly the increase in cover of the perennial species. The cover of the steppe vegetation on sandy soils increased more than that of the steppes on loamy or gypseous crusts; this must be taken into consideration for pastoral management. The results also show that a protection period of 7 yr is not sufficient in an arid zone for new species to appear nor for succession to reach a next stage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 14 (1998), S. 70-76 
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Collision detection ; Complex ; Dynamic ; Static
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this paper is to improve the efficiency of collision detection algorithms applied to highly complex geometry scenes not having geometry coherence. Efficiency is improved by reducing the number of objects to be checked for collisions and accelerating the fundamental repeating checks on which the collision detection process relies. The number of objects to be checked is decreased by combining hierarchical representation techniques with incremental methods. The fundamental repeating check, actually a collision check between two bounding boxes, is accelerated by using 3D bounding boxes each having an associated transformation for mapping its vertices from a local to a world coordinate system (CS). This acceleration is based on the observation that two boxes (A andB) intersect if and only if the projections ofA andB intersect on all three axis-aligned orthographic views, both forA in the local CS ofB and forB in the local CS ofA. These algorithms have been successfully implemented in simulating dynamic scenes with high geometry complexity and as avirtual collision detection sensor for off-line robot motion planning.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 102 (2000), S. 393-410 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Keywords: Dynamic ; ductile fracture initiation ; finite elements ; microvoid coalescence ; specimen configuration.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this work a single edge notched plate (SEN(T)) subjected to a tensile stress pulse is analysed, using a 2D plane strain dynamic finite element procedure. The interaction of the notch with a pre-nucleated hole ahead of it is examined. The background material is modelled by the Gurson constitutive law and ductile failure by microvoid coalescence in the ligament connecting the notch and the hole is simulated. Both rate independent and rate dependent material behaviour is considered. The notch tip region is subjected to a range of loading rates J by varying the peak value and the rise time of the applied stress pulse. The results obtained from these simulations are compared with a three point bend (TPB) specimen subjected to impact loading analysed in an earlier work [3]. The variation of J at fracture initiation, J c, with average loading rate J is obtained from the finite element simulations. It is found that the functional relationship between J c and J is fairly independent of the specimen geometry and is only dependent on material behaviour.
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  • 4
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York, Cambridge U. Press, (ISBN 0-521-81734-X)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Textbook of physics ; Textbook of geophysics ; Elasticity ; Dynamic ; Waves ; Wave propagation
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  • 5
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    Springer
    In:  Norwell, Springer, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 2-203, (ISBN: 3-540-26532-5, XVI + 208 p. 72 illus.)
    Publication Date: 2005
    Keywords: FractureT ; Seismology ; Geoelectrics ; Electromagnetic methods/phenomena ; Geothermics ; Non-linear effects ; Dynamic ; Earth ; system ; geophysics ; Inhomogeneity ; scaling
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  • 6
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    National Academy Press
    In:  Washington, National Academy Press, vol. 10, no. Subvol. b, pp. 220, (ISBN: 0-08-037951-6)
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Fluids ; Tectonics ; ENDNOTE?
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  • 7
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    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 1-40, (3-7723-7419-0. 319 Seiten. CD-ROM)
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Dynamic ; Geodesy
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  • 8
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    Institute of Physics
    In:  Professional Paper, Boundary Element Methods. Theory and Application, Bristol, Institute of Physics, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 1-23, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Stress ; Rock mechanics ; Stress intensity factor ; Boundary Element Method ; Fracture ; ENDNOTE?
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  • 9
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    National Academy Press
    In:  Bull., Polar Proj. OP-O3A4, The Role of Fluids in Crustal Processes, Washington, National Academy Press, vol. 4, no. Subvol. a, pp. 130-140, (ISBN 0080419208)
    Publication Date: 1990
    Keywords: Fluids ; Tectonics ; ENDNOTE?
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  • 10
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    Springer
    In:  Heidelberg, XIV + 337 pp., Springer, vol. 9, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 3-540-43528-X)
    Publication Date: 2003
    Keywords: Non-linear effects ; Earthquake precursor: prediction research ; Pattern recognition ; Seismicity ; Earthquake precursor: statistical anal. of seismicity ; Lithosphere ; complexity ; hierarchical ; dissipative ; system ; static ; Dynamic ; lattice ; Modelling ; synthetic ; Earthquake catalog ; Fault zone ; block ; rotations ; decision ; theory
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  • 11
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    Springer
    In:  New York, Springer, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-7868-6844-9)
    Publication Date: 1991
    Keywords: Dislocation ; Dynamic ; Rheology ; Inelastic ; Textbook of geophysics ; Textbook of physics ; Textbook of mineralogy
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  • 12
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (370 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-80945-2, ISBN 0-521-00663-5 paper)
    Publication Date: 2001
    Keywords: Waves ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; Attenuation ; Elasticity
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  • 13
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    Cambridge U. Press
    In:  New York (xii + 534 pp.), Cambridge U. Press, vol. 13, no. XVI:, pp. 227-235, (ISBN 0-521-00665-1)
    Publication Date: 2002
    Keywords: WAVE ; Wave propagation ; Textbook of geophysics ; observations ; (part ; 1), ; theory ; (part ; 2) ; Ray seismics ; Anisotropy ; AnisotropyS ; Earthquake ; Chi-Chi ; Kobe ; Loma ; Prieta ; North ; Ridge ; Tennant ; Creek ; Aftershocks ; Inhomogeneity ; basins ; Data analysis / ~ processing ; Modelling ; wavefiled ; decomposition ; Dispersion ; Three dimensional ; Earth model, also for more shallow analyses ! ; CRUST ; earth mantle ; earth Core ; D-double-prime ; ultra ; Low velocity layer ; NOModelling ; Surface waves ; Tomography ; Receiver functions ; Source ; Moment tensor ; Inversion ; perturbation ; methods ; Handbook of geophysics
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  • 14
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    Institute of Physics
    In:  Bristol, Institute of Physics, vol. 8, no. Publ. No. 12, pp. 95-104, (ISBN 0-865-42078-5)
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; Fracture ; Boundary Element Method ; Elasticity ; Dynamic
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