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  • 1
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    Institute of Physics
    In:  Professional Paper, Boundary Element Methods. Theory and Application, Bristol, Institute of Physics, vol. 9, no. 16, pp. 1-23, (ISBN 1-4020-1729-4)
    Publication Date: 1986
    Keywords: Stress ; Rock mechanics ; Stress intensity factor ; Boundary Element Method ; Fracture ; ENDNOTE?
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 5 (1972), S. 521-524 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die genaue Identifizierung biologischer Proben ist eine der grundsätzlichen Forderungen der theoretischen und der angewandten Biologie. Die Pyrolyse-GLC bietet die Möglichkeit der Schnellerkennung einer spezifischen biochemischen Zusammensetzung und dadurch, innerhalb gewisser Grenzen, der Identifizierung einer Probe. Bei Verwendung eines normalen Flammenionisations-Detektors werden alle nennenswerten Pyrolyseprodukte aufgezeichnet, und das Resultat ist oft nur von begrenztem Interesse, da die Kohlenhydrate und Lipide, die den größten Teil derartiger Proben darstellen können, im wesentlichen ähnliche Diagramme ergeben. Sie neigen dazu, die stärker interessierenden Unterschiede zu verdecken, die hauptsächlich in den Protein-Fraktionen zu finden sein dürften. Der kürzlich entwickelte Stickstoff-Detektor mit Rubidium-Chlorid bietet die Möglichkeit, sich speziell auf diese und ähnliche interessierende biochemische Stoffe „einzustellen”; die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Technik werden diskutiert.
    Abstract: Résumé L'identification certaine d'échantillons biologiques est une exigence fondamentale de la biologie pure et appliquée. La CGL avec pyrolyse offre la possibilité d'une reconnaissance rapide de la composition biochimique particulière d'un échantillon et donc, dans certaines limites, de son identification. Avec un système normal de détection par ionisation de flamme, tous les produits importants de pyrolyse sont mis en évidence; le résultat ainsi obtenu est souvent d'un intérêt limité, puisque les hydrates de carbone et les lipides, qui peuvent former la partie la plus importante des échantillons, donnent des chromatogrammes plus ou moins semblables et sont susceptibles de masquer les différences plus remarquables qu'on peut attendre surtout dans la fraction des protéines. Le système de détection d'azote (utilisant le chlorure de rubidium, qui a été mis au point récemment) offre la possibilité d'une détection spécifique des produits de pyrolyse des protéines et d'autres substances biochimiques d'un intérêt particulier. Les possibilités d'application de cette technique sont discutées.
    Notes: Summary The accurate identification of biological specimens is one of the basic requirements of pure and applied biology. Pyrolysis — GLC offers the possibility of rapid recognition of a specific biochemical composition and therefore, within limits, identification of a specimen. With a normal flame ionisation detection system, all major products of pyrolysis are recorded and the results are frequently of only limited interest, since carbohydrates and lipids, which may form the major part of such samples, give broadly similar patterns, and tend to mask the more interesting differences which are likely to be mainly in the protein fractions. The recently developed nitrogen detection system involving rubidium chloride, offers the possibility of ‘tuning in’ specifically to these and other interesting biochemicals and the potential usefulness of this technique is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 42 (1998), S. 927-942 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: crack ; superposition ; stress intensity factor ; boundary elements ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper reviews some recent developments in superposition methods for calculating linear elastic stress intensity factors and eigenvalues for cracks and notches, presents some new results for pairs of edge cracks and provides new insights into the nature of the errors in these processes. The procedure requires a numerical solution to the full cracked problem and a second solution on the same mesh using the known form of the singularity in an infinite region. This is equivalent to the well-known Subtraction of Singularity (SST) method. The advantages of this procedure over conventional SST are: (1) no modifications need to be made to a standard computer program; (2) multiple crack tips may be analysed without the difficulty of unknown rigid body displacements at the crack tips; (3) solutions with different boundary conditions on the same mesh may be obtained simply in one step by re-using one singular field solution; The singular crack tip field may also be studied independently leading to estimates of the eigenvalues and some insight into mesh-induced errors. The additional computational cost of a two-step procedure is minimal since the solution matrix from step one may be re-used with a new right-hand side. Numerical experiments using the boundary element method demonstrate the accuracy and simplicity of the superposition approach for notches, simple cracks, mixed-mode cracks, two edge cracks of different lengths and eigenvalues under various boundary conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 243-254 
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: fracture ; boundary elements ; superposition ; stress intensity factor ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We discuss a two-step superposition method for calculating linear elastic stress intensity factors. The procedure requires the solution to the full cracked problem and the solution to a problem on the same mesh assuming the singularity due to a crack tip in an infinite region. We show that this is equivalent to the well known subtraction of singularity method if the two solutions are characterized by crack tip stress. The advantages of our procedure are that no modifications need to be made to a standard computer program and that once one singular solution is available on a given cracked mesh, solutions with different boundary conditions on the same mesh may be obtained in one step without including any singular crack effects. The mesh required to represent the singular crack tip field may also be studied independently of the complete problem. The additional computational cost of a two-step procedure is minimal since the solution matrix from step one may be reused with a new right-hand side. Numerical experiments using the boundary element method demonstrate the high accuracy and simplicity of the superposition approach.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 20 (1984), S. 2093-2105 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An implementation of a solution to the problem of a penny-shaped crack in an infinite elastic solid with arbitrary normal and shear loads is described, and is used to generate the stresses corresponding to some simple crack loads. The program described is fast and stable, and is shown to give accurate results even if the crack loads are not of the desired polynomial form. Stress intensity factors are obtained directly from combinations of load constants.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1972-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0009-5893
    Electronic ISSN: 1612-1112
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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