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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas  (20)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
  • Tsunami
  • American Geophysical Union  (30)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (4)
  • Bogotá D.C., Colombia  (3)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
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  • 1
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    Tsusi y Tsuso te enseñan cómo actuar frente a un tsunami (2023)
    Ed. Dimar | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-28
    Description: Publicación de tipo educativo, dirigida al público infantil, para colorear. Editada en idioma español. Es una publicación de acceso abierto (Open Access, OA) para su consulta, sus condiciones de uso y distribución están definidas por el licenciamiento Creative Commons (CC).
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Sismo ; Amenaza natural ; ASFA_2015::E::Education ; ASFA_2015::T::Tsunamis ; ASFA_2015::H::Hazards
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 16pp.
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  • 2
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    País de Mares No. 13 (2023)
    Ed. Dimar | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Contenido - Editorial - Buque de investigación científica marina ARC “Simón Bolívar”: aporte al desarrollo de la nación - El catastro marino: una herramienta para mejorar la administración y la gobernanza de los litorales colombianos - Protección del medio marino, rol de la Autoridad Marítima - Gestión del riesgo por tsunami y pérdida de contención de hidrocarburos y sustancias peligrosas asociado a actividades marítimas - Salvaguardando la vida humana en el mar. Dimar: una autoridad que trabaja 24x7 (SAR y tsunami) - Transformación tecnológica de la señalización marítima - Buques autónomos de superficie (MASS) un avance global y sus riesgos - Dimar 70 Años: su evolución histórica - Directores Marítimos - Buques de superficie, una parte de la historia de los 70 años de la Dirección General Marítima - Fortalecimiento de la Infraestructura de Datos Espaciales Marítima y Costera: datos abiertos para la toma de decisiones informadas - Alistamiento para la auditoría de la Organización Marítima Internacional 2024 - Dirección General Marítima certificada como un “Gran Lugar para Trabajar” - Harry Fernando Quiñones Torres. Veintiocho años trabajando por la investigación científica marina desde la ‘Perla del Pacífico’ - Cocinando en altamar - #LéxicoDelMar
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Puertos ; Señalización marítima ; Seguridad del transporte ; Hidrocarburos ; Tsunami ; Buque ; ASFA_2015::V::Vessels ; ASFA_2015::T::Tsunamis ; ASFA_2015::C::Coastal planning ; ASFA_2015::S::Safety ; ASFA_2015::R::Risk management ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine meteorology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 101pp.
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  • 3
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    Compilación Oceanográfica de la cuenca Pacífica colombiana II (2021)
    Editorial Dimar | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-03
    Description: En el año 2002, el entonces Centro de Control de Contaminación del Pacífico (CCCP) publicó el libro titulado COMPILACIÓN OCEANOGRÁFICA DE LA CUENCA PACÍFICA COLOMBIANA, lo que sería un referente bibliográfico de vital importancia para la caracterización de las zonas marino-costeras del Pacífico colombiano, abarcando un total de cinco capítulos en temas tan variados como las particularidades geográficas de la Cuenca Pacífica Colombiana (CPC) y su investigación oceanográfica, la búsqueda de la relación entre las condiciones oceanográficas de la Cuenca y el ciclo de El Niño Oscilación del Sur (ENOS), además del plan científico del grupo de investigación en oceanografía para el periodo 2001-2010. Han transcurrido 18 largos años desde entonces, y la comunidad científica marina del país, así como la Autoridad Marítima colombiana y el gremio marítimo requieren no solo una actualización de dichas líneas de investigación, sino también mayor cantidad y mejor nivel de detalle en la información disponible para la toma de decisiones con base en el rigor técnico; así como el claro y amplio soporte de conocimiento del medio en el que se desenvuelven para el diario devenir en sus actividades en el mar y en la costa, teniendo en cuenta que las aguas del gran Pacífico no representan la frontera que separa, sino el puente que une a Colombia y los países de Oceanía y del sudeste asiático, considerada como la zona con los mercados de mayor proyección del mundo. Esta es una más de las principales razones, sumada a las necesidades de desarrollo y las aspiraciones nacionales de consolidar factores de seguridad multidimensional y de presencia estatal en las áreas de frontera, para aprovechar las múltiples potencialidades que ofrece el vasto océano Pacífico para una nación en desarrollo, y con la aspiración nacional de llegar a ser una potencia media regional influyente como lo es Colombia. Por lo anterior, el mismo CCCP, ahora denominado Centro de Investigaciones Oceanográficas e Hidrográficas del Pacífico, presenta con orgullo el resultado de un esfuerzo por satisfacer estos requerimientos a través de la publicación del título COMPILACIÓN OCEANOGRÁFICA DEL PACÍFICO COLOMBIANO II, el cual consta de siete capítulos que garantizan la continuidad en los anteriores temas y proporciona algunos nuevos, complementando y ampliando la información ofrecida por la primera edición. Dentro de estas líneas de investigación fueron incluidas las particularidades geográficas y geomorfología de la CPC, su meteorología, la investigación oceanográfica en la Cuenca e influencia de los eventos ENOS, las condiciones de oleaje en el Pacífico colombiano, la variabilidad del nivel del mar, la amenaza por tsunami en la CPC y, finalmente, las tendencias en la biogeoquímica del océano Pacífico Oriental Tropical y Sureste bajo diferentes escenarios de cambio climático. Bienvenidos entonces a una ventana más del conocimiento sobre nuestra Cuenca Pacífica Colombiana, desde donde contribuimos a la “consolidación de Colombia como país marítimo” y aportamos nuestro pequeño pero representativo grano de arena a la defensa del enorme, hermoso e imponente azul de la bandera. El reconocimiento de los espacios marítimos para el desarrollo de un país es de vital importancia. Desde su exploración oceánica y costera, la hidrografía ha representado el conocimiento científico sobre el territorio marítimo colombiano y ha brindado información, instrumentos y herramientas para una mejor compresión y desarrollo de las actividades marítimas en el país. La producción de la cartografía náutica para asegurar las rutas marítimas y el comercio internacional de la nación es un aspecto fundamental, que a su vez ha cumplido un papel importante en el reconocimiento de las profundidades y el descubrimiento de riquezas económicas y culturales en los fondos oceánicos, además de aportar seguridad en la navegación por el espacio marítimo colombiano y un mejor conocimiento de nuestros litorales y sus potencialidades. La hidrografía entonces ha desempeñado eficientemente el rol de fortalecer y desarrollar las riquezas que se encuentran en nuestras aguas jurisdiccionales, y ha sido la disciplina científica que ha aportado al reconocimiento de los territorios costeros y oceánicos, y, consecutivamente, al avance en el desarrollo de la infraestructura marítima para el país. Objetivos que podemos hallar desde sus comienzos y que fueron evidenciados y visibilizados a lo largo de su labor y trabajo en los espacios y frentes marinos, que le han permitido a la Autoridad Marítima Colombiana, a través de un interés nacional y una visión internacional, mantener una navegación segura que haga parte del impulso y progreso económico y nacional, en contribución paralela a los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Meteorología ; Tsunami ; Oceanografía física ; Biogeoquímica ; Climatología ; Oceanografía Química ; Inundación ; Cambio climático ; Biología ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine biology ; ASFA_2015::P::Physical oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::Chemical oceanography ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine meteorology ; ASFA_2015::T::Tsunamis ; ASFA_2015::C::Climatology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 231pp
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  • 4
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    Eruptive activity at Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica): Inferences from 3He/4He in fumarole gases and chemistry of the products ejected during 2014 and 2015 (2017)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: A new period of eruptive activity started at Turrialba volcano, Costa Rica, in 2010 after almost 150 years of quiescence. This activity has been characterized by sporadic explosions whose frequency clearly increased since October 2014. This study aimed to identify the mechanisms that triggered the resumption of this eruptive activity and characterize the evolution of the phenomena over the past 2 years. We integrate 3He/4He data available on fumarole gases collected in the summit area of Turrialba between 1999 and 2011 with new measurements made on samples collected between September 2014 and February 2016. The results of a petrological investigation of the products that erupted between October 2014 and May 2015 are also presented. We infer that the resumption of eruptive activity in 2010 was triggered by a replenishment of the plumbing system of Turrialba by a new batch of magma. This is supported by the increase in 3He/4He values observed since 2005 at the crater fumaroles and by comparable high values in September 2014, just before the onset of the new eruptive phase. The presence of a number of fresh and juvenile glassy shards in the erupted products increased between October 2014 and May 2015, suggesting the involvement of new magma with a composition similar to that erupted in 1864–1866. We conclude that the increase in 3He/4He at the summit fumaroles since October 2015 represents strong evidence of a new phase of magma replenishment, which implies that the level of activity remains high at the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3V. Proprietà dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Dinamica dei processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 5V. Dinamica dei processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Turrialba volcano ; eruptive activity ; 3He/4He ; fumarole gases ; glassy shards ; juvenile component ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    High-speed imaging of Strombolian explosions: The ejection velocity of pyroclasts (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Explosive volcanic eruptions are defined as the violent ejection of gas and hot fragments from a vent in the Earth's crust. Knowledge of ejection velocity is crucial for understanding and modeling relevant physical processes of an eruption, and yet direct measurements are still a difficult task with largely variable results. Here we apply pioneering high-speed imaging to measure the ejection velocity of pyroclasts from Strombolian explosive eruptions with an unparalleled temporal resolution. Measured supersonic velocities, up to 405 m/s, are twice higher than previously reported for such eruptions. Individual Strombolian explosions include multiple, sub-second-lasting ejection pulses characterized by an exponential decay of velocity. When fitted with an empirical model from shock-tube experiments literature, this decay allows constraining the length of the pressurized gas pockets responsible for the ejection pulses. These results directly impact eruption modeling and related hazard assessment, as well as the interpretation of geophysical signals from monitoring networks.
    Description: INGV-DPC “V2” and “Paroxysm”, FIRB-MIUR “Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks”, and FP7-PEOPLE-IEF-2008 – 235328 Projects
    Description: Published
    Description: L02301
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: strombolian ; ejection velocity ; explosive eruption ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Dynamic feeder dyke systems in basaltic volcanoes: the exceptional example o fthe 1809 Etna eruption (Italy) (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In this paper, we describe the 1809 eruption of Mt. Etna, Italy, which represents one historical rare case in which it is possible to observe details of the internal structure of the feeder system. This is possible thanks to the presence of two large pit craters located in the middle of the eruptive fracture field that allow studying a section of the shallow feeder system. Along the walls of one of these craters, we analysed well-exposed cross sections of the uppermost 15–20 m of the feeder system and related volcanic products. Here, we describe the structure, morphology and lithology of this portion of the 1809 feeder system, including the host rock which conditioned the propagation of the dyke, and compare the results with other recent eruptions. Finally, we propose the dynamic model of the magma behaviour inside a laterally-propagating feeder dyke, demonstrating how this dynamic triggered important changes in the eruptive style (from effusive/Strombolian to phreatomagmatic) during the same eruption. Our results are also useful for hazard assessment related to the development of flank eruptions, potentially the most hazardous type of eruption from basaltic volcanoes in densely urbanized areas, such as Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-11
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: 3V. Dinamiche e scenari eruttivi
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: 6A. Monitoraggio ambientale, sicurezza e territorio
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: feeder dyke ; basaltic volcanoes ; flank eruptions ; Etna ; volcanic hazards ; sill ; volcanic rift ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    First observations of the fumarolic gas output from a restless caldera: implications for the current period of unrest (2005-2013) at Campi Flegrei (2015)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The fumarolic gas output has not been quantified for any of the currently deforming calderas worldwide, due to the lack of suitable gas flux sensing techniques. In view of resumption of ground uplift (since 2005) and the associated variations in gas chemistry, Campi Flegrei, in southern Italy, is one of the restless calderas where gas flux observations are especially necessary. Here we report the first ever obtained estimate of the Campi Flegrei fumarolic gas output, based on a set of MultiGAS surveys (performed in 2012 and 2013) with an ad-hoc-designed measurement setup. We estimate that the current Campi Flegrei fumarolic sulphur (S) flux is low, on the order of 1.5–2.2 tons/day, suggesting substantial scrubbing of magmatic S by the hydrothermal system. However, the fumarolic carbon dioxide (CO2) output is ∼460±160 tons/day (mean±SD), which is surprisingly high for a dormant volcano in the hydrothermal stage of activity, and results in a combined (fumaroles + soil) CO2 output of ∼1560 tons/day. Assuming magma to be the predominant source, we propose that the current CO2 output can be supplied by either (i) a large (0.6–4.6 km3), deeply stored (〉7 km) magmatic source with low CO2 contents (0.05–0.1 wt%) or (ii) by a small to medium-sized (∼0.01–0.1 km3) but CO2-rich (2 wt%) magma, possibly stored at pressures of ∼100 to 120 MPa. Independent geophysical evidence (e.g., inferred from geodetic and gravity data) is needed to distinguish between these two possibilities.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4153–4169
    Description: 2V. Dinamiche di unrest e scenari pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei ; calderas ; gas output ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Paleomagnetism and magnetic fabric of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Evidence for oblique convergence and non rotational reactivation of a Mesozoic intracontinental rift (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We report the paleomagnetic and magnetic fabric results of 58 sites from Cretaceous-Miocene marine and continental strata from the Eastern Cordillera (EC) and the Cucuta zone, at the junction between the Santander Massif and the Merida Andes of Colombia. The EC is an intracontinental doubly vergent range inverting a Triassic to Early Cretaceous rift zone. Twenty-three sites reveal nonsystematic tectonic rotations, including unrotated areas of the EC range with respect to stable South America. Our data show that the EC inverted a NNE oriented rift zone and that the orientation of the Mesozoic rift and the mountain chain roughly correspond. Interestingly, magnetic lineations from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility analysis do not trend parallel to the chain but rather are oblique to the main orogenic trend. By also considering GPS evidence of a ~1 cm/yr ENE displacement of central western Colombia accommodated by the EC, we suggest that the Miocene-Recent deformation event of this belt arises from ENE oblique convergence reactivating a NNE oriented rift zone. Oblique shortening was likely partitioned into pure dip-slip shear characterizing thick-skinned frontal thrust sheets (well known along both chain fronts) and by range-parallel right-lateral strike-slip faults, which have not been identified yet, but likely exist in the axial part of the EC. Finally, the 35° ± 9° clockwise rotation observed in four post-Miocene magnetically overprinted sites from the Cucuta zone reflects late Cenozoic and ongoing right-lateral strike-slip displacement occurring along faults parallel to the Boconó fault system, possibly connected with the right-lateral faults inferred to exist along the axial part of the EC.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2233–2260
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Paleomagnetism, magnetic fabric, Eastern Cordillera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Vertical GPS ground motion rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region: New evidence of velocity gradients at different spatial scales along the Nubia-Eurasia plate boundary (2014)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We use 2.5 to 14 years long position time series from 〉800 continuous Global Positioning System (GPS) stations to study vertical deformation rates in the Euro-Mediterranean region. We estimate and remove common mode errors in position time series using a principal component analysis, obtaining a significant gain in the signal-to-noise ratio of the displacements data. Following the results of a maximum likelihood estimation analysis, which gives a mean spectral index ~ 0.7, we adopt a power law + white noise stochastic model in estimating the final vertical rates and find 95% of the velocities within ±2 mm/yr, with uncertainties from filtered time series ~40% smaller than from the unfiltered ones. We highlight the presence of statistically significant velocity gradients where the stations density is higher. We find undulations of the vertical velocity field at different spatial scales both in tectonically active regions, like eastern Alps, Apennines, and eastern Mediterranean, and in regions characterized by a low or negligible tectonic activity, like central Iberia and western Alps. A correlation between smooth vertical velocities and topographic features is apparent in many sectors of the study area. Glacial isostatic adjustment and weathering processes do not completely explain the measured rates, and a combination of active tectonics and deep-seated geodynamic processes must be invoked. Excluding areas where localized processes are likely, or where subduction processes may be active, mantle dynamics is the most likely process, but regional mantle modeling is required for a better understanding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6003–6024
    Description: 1T. Geodinamica e interno della Terra
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 1R. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: GPS ; Geodynamics ; Mediterranean ; Vertical deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The effect of particle size on the rheology of liquid-solid mixtures with application to lava flows: Results from analogue experiments (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We investigate the effect of crystal size on the rheology of basaltic magmas by means of a rheometer and suspensions of silicon oil with natural magmatic crystals of variable size (from 63 to 0.5 mm) and volume fraction fi (from 0.03 to 0.6). At constant fi, finer suspensions display higher viscosities than coarser ones. Shear thinning (flow index n 〈 1) occurs at fi 〉 0.1–0.2 and is more pronounced (stronger departure from the Newtonian behavior) in finer suspensions. Maximum packing and average crystal size displays a nonlinear, positive correlation, while yield stress develops at fi 〉 0.2–0.3 irrespective of the crystal size. We incorporate our results into physical models for flow of lava and show that, with respect to lava flows containing coarser crystals, those with smaller crystals are expected to: 1) flow at lower velocity, 2) have a lower velocity gradient, and 3) be more prone to develop a region of plug flow. Our experimental results explain the observation that phenocryst-bearing and microlite-bearing lavas at Etna volcano (Italy) show smooth pahoehoe and rough aa’ surfaces, respectively.
    Description: FIRB-MIUR ‘‘Research and Development of New Technologies for Protection and Defense of Territory from Natural Risks’’
    Description: Published
    Description: 2661-2669
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: rheology ; magmatic suspensions ; analogue model ; lava flo ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    New insights on volcanic and tectonic structures of the southern Tyrrhenian (Italy) from marine and land seismic data (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We present results from the first crustal seismic tomography for the southern Tyrrhenian area, which includes ocean bottom seismometer (OBS) data and a bathymetry correction. This area comprises Mt. Etna, the Aeolian Islands, and many volcanic seamounts, including the Marsili Seamount. The seismicity distribution in the area depends on the complex interaction between tectonics and volcanism. The 3-D velocity model presented in this study is obtained by the inversion of P wave arrival times from crustal earthquakes. We integrate travel time data recorded by an OBS network (Tyrrhenian Deep Sea Experiment), the SN-1 seafloor observatory, and the land network. Our model shows a high correlation between the P wave anomaly distribution and seismic and volcanic structures. Two main low-velocity anomalies underlie the central Aeolian Islands and Mt. Etna. The two volumes, which are related to the well-known active volcanism, are separated and located at different depths. This finding, in agreement with structural, petrography, and GPS data from literature, confirms the independence of the two systems. The strongest negative anomaly is found below Mt. Etna at the base of the crust, and we associate it with the deep feeding system of the volcano. We infer that most of the seismicity is generated in brittle rock volumes that are affected by the action of hot fluids under high pressure due to the active volcanism in the area. Lateral changes of velocity are related to a transition from the western to the central Aeolian Islands and to the passage from continental crust to the Tyrrhenian oceanic uppermost mantle.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3703–3719
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ocean bottom seismometers ; southern Tyrrhenian Sea ; seismic tomography ; Aeolian Islands ; Etna ; oceanic continental crust ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 12
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    Enhanced crystal fabric analysis of a lava flow sample by neutron texture diffraction: A case study from the Castello d’Ischia dome (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The crystal fabric of a lava has been analyzed for the first time by neutron texture diffraction. In this study we quantitatively investigate the crystallographic preferred orientation of feldspars in the Castello d’Ischia (Ischia Island, Italy) trachytic exogenous dome. The crystallographic preferred orientation was measured with the monochromatic neutron texture diffractometer SV7 at the Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany and a Rietveld refinement was applied to the sum diffraction pattern. The complementary thin section analysis showed that the three-dimensional crystal shape and the corresponding shape preferred orientation are in agreement with the quantitative orientation distributions of the neutron texture data. The (0k0) crystallographic planes of the feldspars are roughly parallel to the local flow bands, whereas the other corresponding pole figures show that a pivotal rotation of the anorthoclase and sanidine crystals was active during the emplacement of this lava dome. In combination with scanning electron microscopy investigations, electron probe microanalysis, XRF, and X-ray diffraction, the Rietveld refinement of the neutron diffraction data indicates a slow cooling dynamic on the order of several months during their crystallization under subaerial conditions. Results attained here demonstrate that neutron texture diffraction is a powerful tool that can be applied to lava flows.
    Description: Published
    Description: 179-196
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: neutron diffraction ; crystal fabric ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 13
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    Clues from joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data of the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2011 Tohoku-oki (Mw 9.1) earthquake is so far the best-observed megathrust rupture, which allowed the collection of unprecedented offshore data. The joint inversion of tsunami waveforms (DART buoys, bottom pressure sensors, coastal wave gauges, and GPS-buoys) and static geodetic data (onshore GPS, seafloor displacements obtained by a GPS/acoustic combination technique), allows us to retrieve the slip distribution on a non-planar fault. We show that the inclusion of near-source data is necessary to image the details of slip pattern (maximum slip ,48 m, up to ,35 m close to the Japan trench), which generated the large and shallow seafloor coseismic deformations and the devastating inundation of the Japanese coast. We investigate the relation between the spatial distribution of previously inferred interseismic coupling and coseismic slip and we highlight the importance of seafloor geodetic measurements to constrain the interseismic coupling, which is one of the key-elements for long-term earthquake and tsunami hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 385
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Tohoku ; Subduction ; Tsunami ; Inverse problem ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
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  • 14
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    Hints on the deformation penetration induced by subductions and collision processes: Seismic anisotropy beneath the Adria region (Central Mediterranean) (2013)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Adria is a small region surrounded by three mountain belts: the Alps, the Apennines, and the Dinarides, built up by long evolution of subduction and collisional systems. We present 253 shear wave splitting measurements obtained by studying more than 100 teleseismic events for 12 stations. SKS splitting measurements show 3-D complexity and quite strong upper mantle deformation. We carefully analyzed results in terms of back azimuthal coverage and interpret measurements as related to Adria rotation and to subductions evolution. In the northern part of Adria, the anisotropy pattern follows the arcuate shape of the Alps; the same pattern, parallel to the mountains, occurs along the Apennines, but fast directions show a sudden change in the Adria foreland. This lateral variation has been analyzed to isolate a distinct Adria mantle anisotropic pattern, which is identified as NE-SW fast direction along the western microplate boundary and as N-S fast direction at Trieste. This pattern might be induced by drag effect of the counterclockwise rotation of Adria lithosphere that behaves as an independent microplate as identified by GPS data. Our measurements suggest that the geodynamic process that generated the Alps is more efficient deforming a larger volume of mantle than its Apennine counterpart. Moreover, the mantle circulation we hypothesize looking at the regional-scale patterns of anisotropy requires the existence of an escape route beneath the Alps-Apennines transition, through which the mantle flows and feed circulation in the Tyrrhenian mantle system as suggested by previous geodynamic models and as seen by some tomographic studies.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5814–5826
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Seismic Anisotropy ; Adriatic region ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 15
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    Relation between subduction megathrust earthquakes, trench sediment thickness and upper plate strain (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: Giant earthquake (moment magnitude Mw 〉=8.5) forecasts for subduction zones have been empirically related to both tectonic stresses and geometrical irregularities along the subduction interface. Both of these controls have been suggested as able to tune the ability of rupture to propagate laterally and, in turn, exert an important control on giant earthquake generation. Here we test these hypotheses, and their combined influence, by compiling a dataset of trench fill thickness (a proxy for smoothing of subducting plate relief by sediment input into the subduction channel) and upper plate strain (a proxy for the tectonic stresses applied to the subduction interface) for 44 segments of the global subduction network. We statistically compare relationships between upper plate strain, trench sediment thickness and maximal earthquake magnitude. We find that the combination of both large trench fill (≥1 km) and neutral upper plate strain explains spatial patterns of giant earthquake occurrence to a statistically significant degree. In fact, the concert of these two factors is more highly correlated with giant earthquake occurrence than either factor on its own. Less frequent giant earthquakes of lower magnitude are also possible at subduction zones with thinner trench fill and compressive upper plate strain. Extensional upper plate strain and trench fill 〈 0.5 km appear to be unfavorable conditions, as giant earthquakes have not been observed in these geodynamical environments during the last 111 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05304
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: subduction zones ; trench sediment thickness ; Upper plate strain ; megathrust earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
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  • 16
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    Integrated petrochemical and geophysical data reveals thermal distribution of the feeding conduits at Stromboli volcano, Italy (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Samples of scoriae erupted at Stromboli volcano during its persistent strombolian activity were collected between 2005 and 2008. Chemical and mineralogical compositions were obtained on products erupted from the three main crater sectors (SW, Central and NE). Small chemical variations indicate a different degree of evolution coupled with small difference of magma temperature 〈10°C. Analysis of the acoustic data for the same time period as the scoria sampling, indicates that puffing (a persistent overpressurized bubble degassing) was, on average, mainly observed at the central craters and at times moved to the NE sector. The cross-check of the two independent data sets allowed us to assess correlation between composition of products and puffing activity at vents. The hotter products are always erupted from the vents where puffing occurs indicating that slightly higher temperature can be the expression of an enhanced two-phase bubble flow dynamics.
    Description: Published
    Description: L08305
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; glass chemistry ; infrasound ; conduit dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 17
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    An analytical model for gas overpressure in slug-driven explosions: Insights into Strombolian volcanic eruptions (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Strombolian eruptions, common at basaltic volcanoes, are mildly explosive events that are driven by a large bubble of magmatic gas (a slug) rising up the conduit and bursting at the surface. Gas overpressure within the bursting slug governs explosion dynamics and vigor and is the main factor controlling associated acoustic and seismic signals. We present a theoretical investigation of slug overpressure based on magma-static and geometric considerations and develop a set of equations that can be used to calculate the overpressure in a slug when it bursts, slug length at burst, and the depth at which the burst process begins. We find that burst overpressure is controlled by two dimensionless parameters: V′, which represents the amount of gas in the slug, and A′, which represents the thickness of the film of magma that falls around the rising slug. Burst overpressure increases nonlinearly as V′ and A′ increase. We consider two eruptive scenarios: (1) the “standard model,” in which magma remains confined to the vent during slug expansion, and (2) the “overflow model,” in which slug expansion is associated with lava effusion, as occasionally observed in the field. We find that slug overpressure is higher for the overflow model by a factor of 1.2–2.4. Applying our model to typical Strombolian eruptions at Stromboli, we find that the transition from passive degassing to explosive bursting occurs for slugs with volume 〉24–230 m3, depending on magma viscosity and conduit diameter, and that at burst, a typical Strombolian slug (with a volume of 100–1000 m3) has an internal gas pressure of 1–5 bars and a length of 13–120 m. We compare model predictions with field data from Stromboli for low-energy “puffers,” mildly explosive Strombolian eruptions, and the violently explosive 5 April 2003 paroxysm. We find that model predictions are consistent with field observations across this broad spectrum of eruptive styles, suggesting a common slug-driven mechanism; we propose that paroxysms are driven by unusually large slugs (large V′).
    Description: Published
    Description: B02206
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Taylor bubble ; basaltic volcanoes ; falling film ; gas slug ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 18
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    Rapid differentiation in a sill-like magma reservoir: a case study from the campi flegrei caldera (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In recent decades, geophysical investigations have detected wide magma reservoirs beneath quiescent calderas. However, the discovery of partially melted horizons inside the crust is not sufficient to put constraints on capability of reservoirs to supply cataclysmic eruptions, which strictly depends on the chemical-physical properties of magmas (composition, viscosity, gas content etc.), and thus on their differentiation histories. In this study, by using geochemical, isotopic and textural records of rocks erupted from the high-risk Campi Flegrei caldera, we show that the alkaline magmas have evolved toward a critical state of explosive behaviour over a time span shorter than the repose time of most volcanic systems and that these magmas have risen rapidly toward the surface. Moreover, similar results on the depth and timescale of magma storage were previously obtained for the neighbouring Somma-Vesuvius volcano. This consistency suggests that there might be a unique long-lived magma pool beneath the whole Neapolitan area.
    Description: Published
    Description: article 712
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: magma ; campi flegrei caldera ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 19
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    Xenopumices from the 2011–2012 submarine eruption of El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain): Constraints on the plumbing system and magma ascent (2012)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-16
    Description: Textures, petrography and geochemical compositions of products emitted during the onset of the 2011–2012 submarine eruption (15 October, 2011) off the coast of El Hierro have been investigated to get information on interaction mechanism between the first rising magma and the crust during the onset of the eruption as well as to get information on magma storage and plumbing systems beneath El Hierro volcano. Studied products consist of 5–50 cm bombs with an outer black to greenish, vesicular crust with bulk basanite composition containing pumiceous xenoliths (xenopumices). Our results show that xenopumices are much more heterogeneous that previously observed, since consist of a macro-scale mingling of a gray trachyte and white rhyolite. We interpreted xenopumices as resulting from the interaction (heating) between the basanitic magma feeding the eruption, a stagnant trachytic magma pocket/s and an associated hydrothermally altered halo with rhyolitic composition. Our findings confirm the importance of the study of the early products of an eruption since they can contain crucial information on the plumbing system geometry and the mechanism of magma ascent.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17302
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: El Hierro ; submarine eruption ; xenopumice ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 20
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    Limited overlap between the seismic gap and coseismic slip of the great 2010 Chile earthquake (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The MW 8.8 mega-thrust earthquake and tsunami that occurred on February 27, 2010, offshore Maule region, Chile, was not unexpected. A clearly identified seismic gap existed in an area where tectonic loading has been accumulating since the great 1835 earthquake experienced and described by Darwin during the voyage of the Beagle. Here we jointly invert tsunami and geodetic data (InSAR, GPS, land-level changes), to derive a robust model for the co-seismic slip distribution and induced co-seismic stress changes, and compare them to past earthquakes and the pre-seismic locking distribution. We aim to assess if the Maule earthquake has filled the Darwin gap, decreasing the probability of a future shock . We find that the main slip patch is located to the north of the gap, overlapping the rupture zone of the MW 8.0 1928 earthquake, and that a secondary concentration of slip occurred to the south; the Darwin gap was only partially filled and a zone of high pre-seismic locking remains unbroken. This observation is not consistent with the assumption that distributions of seismic rupture might be correlated with pre-seismic locking, potentially allowing the anticipation of slip distributions in seismic gaps. Moreover, increased stress on this unbroken patch might have increased the probability of another major to great earthquake there in the near future.
    Description: Published
    Description: 173-177
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Modelli per la stima della pericolosità sismica a scala nazionale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Source process ; Chile ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; Seismic Gap ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
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  • 21
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    Thirty years of satellite‐derived lava discharge rates at Etna: Implications for steady volumetric output (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: We present a 30 year long data set of satellite‐derived time‐averaged lava discharge rates (TADR) for Mount Etna volcano (Sicily, Italy), spanning 1980–2010 and comprising 1792 measurements during 23 eruptions. We use this to classify eruptions on the basis of magnitude and intensity, as well as the shape of the TADR time series which characterizes each effusive event. We find that while 1983–1993 was characterized by less frequent but longer‐duration effusive eruptions at lower TADRs, 2000–2010 was characterized by more frequent eruptions of shorter duration and higher TADRs. However, roughly the same lava volume was erupted during both of these 11 year long periods, so that the volumetric output was linear over the entire 30 year period, increasing at a rate of 0.8 m3 s−1 between 1980 and 2010. The cumulative volume record can be extended back in time using data available in the literature. This allows us to assess Etna’s output history over 5 centuries and to place the current trend in historical context. We find that output has been stable at this rate since 1971. At this time, the output rate changed from a low discharge rate phase, which had characterized the period 1759 to 1970, to a high discharge rate phase. This new phase had the same output rate as the high discharge rate phase that characterized the period 1610–1669. The 1610–1669 phase ended with the most voluminous eruption of historic times.
    Description: This contribution is in support of the LMV‐based (PI: Franck Donnadieu) TerMex‐MYSTRALS project “Contribution à l’évaluation des risques associés aux activités éruptives majeures de l’Etna: approche multidisciplinaire des processus et précurseurs.”
    Description: Published
    Description: B08204
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Etna ; time averaged effusion rate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 22
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    Kinematics and source zone properties of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami: Nonlinear joint inversion of tide gauge, satellite altimetry, and GPS data (2011)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We (re)analyzed the source of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami through a nonlinear joint inversion of an inhomogeneous data set made up of tide gauges, satellite altimetry, and far-field GPS recordings. The purpose is twofold: (1) the retrieval of the main kinematics rupture parameters (slip, rake, and rupture velocity) and (2) the inference of the rigidity of the source zone. We independently estimate the slip from tsunami data and the seismic moment from geodetic data to derive the rigidity. Our results confirm that the source of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake has a complex geometry, constituted by three main slip patches, with slip peaking at ~30 m in the southern part of the source. The rake direction rotates counterclockwise at the northern part of the source, according to the direction of convergence along the trench. The rupture velocity is higher in the deeper than in the shallower part of the source, consistent with the expected increase of rigidity with depth. It is also lower in the northern part, consistent with known variations of the incoming plate properties and shear velocity. Our model features a rigidity (20–30 GPa) that is lower than the preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) average for the seismogenic volume. The source rigidity is one of the factors controlling the tsunami genesis: for a given seismic moment, the lower the rigidity, the higher the induced seafloor displacement. The general consistence between our source model and previous studies supports the effectiveness of our approach to the joint inversion of geodetic and tsunami data for the rigidity estimation.
    Description: Published
    Description: B02304
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Source process ; Sumatra ; Tsunami ; Joint Inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 23
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    Kinematics and Source Zone Properties of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake and Tsunami: Nonlinear Joint Inversion of Tide-Gage, Satellite Altimetry and GPS data (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We (re)analyzed the source of the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake and tsunami through a nonlinear joint inversion of an in-homogeneous dataset made up of tide-gages, satellite altimetry, and far-field GPS recordings. The purpose is two-fold: (1) the retrieval of the main kinematics rupture parameters (slip, rake, rupture velocity); (2) the inference of the rigidity of the source zone. We independently estimate the slip from tsunami data and the seismic moment from geodetic data, so to derive the rigidity. Our results confirm that the source of the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake has a complex geometry, constituted by three main slip patches, with slip peaking at ~30 meters in the Southern part of the source. The rake direction rotates counter-clockwise at North, according to the direction of convergence along the trench. The rupture velocity is higher in the deeper than in the shallower part of the source, consistently with the expected increase of rigidity with depth. It is also lower in the Northern part, consistently with known variations of the incoming plate properties and shear velocity. Our model features a rigidity (20-30 GPa), that is lower than PREM average for the seismogenic volume [Dziewonski and Anderson, 1981]. The source rigidity is one of the factors controlling the tsunamigenesis: for a given seismic moment, the lower the rigidity, the higher the induced seafloor displacement. The general consistence between our source model and previous studies supports the effectiveness of our approach to the joint inversion of geodetic and tsunami data for the rigidity estimation.
    Description: In press
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Source process ; Sumatra ; Tsunami ; joint inversion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 24
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    Anatomy of an unstable volcano from InSAR: Multiple processes affecting flank instability at Mt. Etna, 1994–2008 (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: Volcano deformation may occur under different conditions. To understand how a volcano deforms, as well as relations with magmatic activity, we studied Mt. Etna in detail using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data from 1994 to 2008. From 1994 to 2000, the volcano inflated with a linear behavior. The inflation was accompanied by eastward and westward slip on the eastern and western flanks, respectively. The portions proximal to the summit showed higher inflation rates, whereas the distal portions showed several sectors bounded by faults, in some cases behaving as rigid blocks. From 2000 to 2003, the deformation became nonlinear, especially on the proximal eastern and western flanks, showing marked eastward and westward displacements, respectively. This behavior resulted from the deformation induced by the emplacement of feeder dikes during the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. From 2003 to 2008, the deformation approached linearity again, even though the overall pattern continued to be influenced by the emplacement of the dikes from 2001 to 2002. The eastward velocity on the eastern flank showed a marked asymmetry between the faster sectors to the north and those (largely inactive) to the south. In addition, from 1994 to 2008 part of the volcano base (south, west, and north lower slopes) experienced a consistent trend of uplift on the order of ∼0.5 cm/yr. This study reveals that the flanks of Etna have undergone a complex instability resulting from three main processes. In the long term (103–104 years), the load of the volcano is responsible for the development of a peripheral bulge. In the intermediate term (≤101 years, observed from 1994 to 2000), inflation due to the accumulation of magma induces a moderate and linear uplift and outward slip of the flanks. In the short term (≤1 year, observed from 2001 to 2002), the emplacement of feeder dikes along the NE and south rifts results in a nonlinear, focused, and asymmetric deformation on the eastern and western flanks. Deformation due to flank instability is widespread at Mt. Etna, regardless of volcanic activity, and remains by far the predominant type of deformation on the volcano.
    Description: ESA provided the SAR data (Cat‐1 no. 4532 and GEO Supersite initiative). The DEM was obtained from the SRTM archive, while the ERS‐1/2 orbits are courtesy of the TU‐Delft, The Netherlands. This work was partially funded by INGV and the Italian DPC (DPCINGV project V4 “Flank”), the Italian DPC (under special agreement with IREA‐CNR), and the Italian Space Agency under contract “sistema rischio vulcanico (SRV).” The authors thank Francesco Casu, Paolo Berardino, and Riccardo Lanari for their support and Geoff Wadge and Michael Poland for their helpful and constructive review of the manuscript.
    Description: Published
    Description: B10405
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Flank instability ; InSAR ; volcanoes ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions ; 05. General::05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest::05.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.08. Risk::05.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 25
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    Heterogeneous large total CO2 abundance in the shallow magmatic system of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Due to its very low solubility in silicate melts, CO2 concentrations in melt inclusions (MIs) within crystals are commonly orders of magnitude less than the total concentration in the multiphase magma, strongly limiting the possibility to constrain CO2 abundance based on the dissolved quantities. Here we develop a statistical method to process MI data, which allows analytical uncertainties to be taken into account together with the peculiar features of the local saturation surface. The method developed leads to retrieve total H2O and CO2 concentrations in magma as well as the gas phase abundance at the time of magma crystallization. Application to a set of 29 high-resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) MI data from a single specimen of the 1842–1844 eruption of Kilauea, Hawaii, reveals the existence of heterogeneous total CO2 abundance, and of at least 2–6 wt % total CO2 in some magma batches, two orders of magnitude higher than the dissolved amounts and 30–50 times more abundant than the corresponding total H2O content. Heterogeneous total volatile concentrations are interpreted as due to a combination of degassing and gas flushing in magma subject to convective motion at shallow depth where P 〈 100 MPa. In such a view, the magma rising to shallow depth in the volcanic system carries initially a total volatile content ≤1 wt %, corresponding to the determined low total CO2 population, and consistent with previous global estimates. The high CO2 populations correspond to progressive CO2 enrichment due to degassing at low P and flushing from a deep CO2-rich gas. A total CO2 content 〉1 wt % is likely to characterize the 〉30 km deep magma, not represented in the analyzed inclusions, from which a CO2-rich gas phase exsolves and decouples from the liquid.
    Description: Published
    Description: B12201
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: carbon dioxide ; Kilauea volcano ; conduit dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 26
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    Triggering mechanism and tsunamogenic potential of the Cape Fear Slide complex, U.S. Atlantic margin (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2007. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems 8 (2007): Q12008, doi:10.1029/2007GC001722.
    Description: Analysis of new multibeam bathymetry data and seismic Chirp data acquired over the Cape Fear Slide complex on the U.S. Atlantic margin suggests that at least 5 major submarine slides have likely occurred there within the past 30,000 years, indicating that repetitive, large-scale mass wasting and associated tsunamis may be more common in this area than previously believed. Gas hydrate deposits and associated free gas as well as salt tectonics have been implicated in previous studies as triggers for the major Cape Fear slide events. Analysis of the interaction of the gas hydrate phase boundary and the various generations of slides indicates that only the most landward slide likely intersected the phase boundary and inferred high gas pressures below it. For much of the region, we believe that displacement along a newly recognized normal fault led to upward migration of salt, oversteepening of slopes, and repeated slope failures. Using new constraints on slide morphology, we develop the first tsunami model for the Cape Fear Slide complex. Our results indicate that if the most seaward Cape Fear slide event occurred today, it could produce waves in excess of 2 m at the present-day 100 m bathymetric contour.
    Description: Acquisition of new data was funded by NOAA Ocean Exploration grant NA03OAR4600100 to C.R., and we thank the National Science Foundation for contributing to transit costs for the ship.
    Keywords: Submarine slides ; Tsunami ; Gas hydrates ; Continental margins ; Salt tectonics
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 27
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    Deformation and eruptions at Mt. Etna (Italy): A lesson from 15 years of observations (2009)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Volcanoes deform as a consequence of the rise and storage of magma; once magma reaches a critical pressure, an eruption occurs. However, how the edifice deformation relates to its eruptive behavior is poorly known. Here, we produce a joint interpretation of spaceborne InSAR deformation measurements and volcanic activity at Mt. Etna (Italy), between 1992 and 2006. We distinguish two volcano-tectonic behaviors. Between 1993 and 2000, Etna inflated with a starting deformation rate of 1 cm yr 1 that progressively reduced with time, nearly vanishing between 1998 and 2000; moreover, low-eruptive rate summit eruptions occurred, punctuated by lava fountains. Between 2001 and 2005, Etna deflated, feeding higher-eruptive rate flank eruptions, along with large displacements of the entire East-flank. These two behaviors, we suggest, result from the higher rate of magma stored between 1993 and June 2001, which triggered the emplacement of the dike responsible for the 2001 and 2002–2003 eruptions. Our results clearly show that the joint interpretation of volcano deformation and stored magma rates may be crucial in identifying impending volcanic eruptions.
    Description: This work was partly funded by INGV and the Italian DPC and was supported by ASI, the Preview Project and CRdC-AMRA. DPC-INGV Flank project providing the funds for the publication fees.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: deformation ; eruptions ; Mt. Etna ; eruptive cycle ; InSAR ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 28
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    Volcanology and magma geochemistry of the present-day activity: constraints on the feeding system (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Stromboli volcano is famous in the scientific literature for its persistent state of activity, which began about 1500 years ago and consists of continuous degassing and mild intermittent explosions (normal Strombolian activity). Rare lava emissions and sporadic more violent explosive episodes (paroxysms) also occur. Since its formation, the present-day activity has been dominated by the emission of two basaltic magmas, differing chiefly in their crystal and volatile contents, whose characteristics have remained constant until now. The normal Strombolian activity and lava effusions are fed by a crystal-rich, degassed magma, stored within the uppermost part of the plumbing system, whereas highly vesicular, crystal-poor light-colored pumices are produced during paroxysms testifying to the ascent of volatile-rich magma batches from deeper portions of the magmatic system. Mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, together with data on the volatile contents of magmas, are presented here with the aim of discussing (1) the relationships between the different magma batches erupted at Stromboli, (2) the mechanisms of their crystallization and transfer, (3) the plumbing system and triggering mechanisms of Strombolian eruptions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 20
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; Basaltic explosive activity ; Basaltic pumice ; Plumbing system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
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  • 29
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    Link between major flank slip and 2002–2003 eruption at Mt. Etna (Italy) (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The 2002–2003 Etna eruption is studied through earthquake distributions and surface fracturing. In September 2002, earthquake-induced surface rupture (sinistral offset 0.48 m) occurred along the E-W striking Pernicana Fault (PF), on the NE flank. In late October, a flank eruption accompanied further ( 0.77 m) surface rupturing, reaching a total sinistral offset of 1.25 m; the deformation then propagated for 18 km eastwards to the coastline (sinistral offset 0.03 m) and southwards, along the NW-SE striking Timpe (dextral offset 0.04 m) and, later, Trecastagni faults (dextral offset 0.035 m). Seismicity (〈4 km bsl) on the E flank accompanied surface fracturing: fault plane solutions indicate an overall ESEWNWextension direction, consistent with ESE slip of the E flank also revealed by ground fractures. A three-stage model of flank slip is proposed: inception (September earthquake), climax (accelerated slip and eruption) and propagation (E and S migration of the deformation).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2286
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcano seismology ; surface fracturing ; flank slip ; eruption ; Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
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  • 30
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    Kinematics of slab tear faults during subduction segmentation and implications for Italian magmatism (2008)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-04
    Description: Tectonic activity in convergent plate boundaries commonly involves backward migration (rollback) of narrow subducting slabs and segmentation of subduction zones through slab tearing. Here we investigate this process in the Italian region by integrating seismic tomography data with spatiotemporal analysis of magmatic rocks and kinematic reconstructions. Seismic tomography results show gaps within the subducting lithosphere,which are interpreted as deep (100–500 km) subvertical tear faults. The development of such tear faults is consistent with proposed kinematic reconstructions, inwhich different rates of subduction rollback affected different parts of the subduction zone. We further suggest a possible link between the development of tear faults and the occurrence of regional magmatic activity with transitional geochemical signatures between arc type and OIB type, associated with slab tearing and slab breakoff.We conclude that lithospheric-scale tear faults play a fundamental role in the destruction of subduction zones. As such, they should be incorporated into reconstructions of ancient convergent margins, where tear faults are possibly represented by continental lineaments linked with magmatism and mineralization.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC2008
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: SLAB ; TEAR FAULTS ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
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  • 31
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    Control of magma flow in dykes on cyclic lava dome extrusion (2007)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Lava dome eruptions are commonly characterized by large fluctuations in discharge rate with cyclic behaviour on time-scales ranging from hours to decades. Examples include Bezymianny volcano (Russia), Merapi (Java), Santiaguito (Guatemala), Mt St Helens (USA), Mt Unzen (Japan), and Soufrie`re Hills volcano (Montserrat). Previous models have assumed simple cylindrical conduits for magma transport, but extrusions are mainly fed by dykes, with cylindrical geometries developing only at shallow levels. The widths of dykes embedded in an elastic medium are influenced by local magma pressure, affecting flow rates and system dynamics strongly. We develop a model for magma flow in dykes, which predicts intense pulsations of magma extrusion for the case of a constant source pressure. The period time scale is determined by the elastic deformation of the dyke walls and the length-to-width ratio of the dyke. The dyke acts like a volumetric capacitor, storing magma as pressure increases and then releasing magma in a pulse of extrusion. For the Soufrie`re Hills volcano, cyclic extrusions with time-scales of a few weeks are predicted for dykes 300–500 m long and 3–6 m wide, matching observations. The model explains the sharp onset of tilt pulsations and seismic swarms.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02303
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Control ; magma flow ; dykes ; cyclic lava ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics
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  • 32
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    Constraints on mantle circulation around the deforming Calabrian slab (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Combining tectonics, with seismological and geochemical data, we reconstruct the deformation history of the presently narrow Calabrian slab and the path of mantle circulation during the last 10 Ma. We show that during the slab deformation the mantle laterally flowed inside the back arc region permitting its retrograde motion and giving a seismological and volcanological record after 1–2 myr.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-4
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: mantle circulation ; Calabrian slab ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
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  • 33
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    The strain path and kinematics of lava domes: An example from Lipari (2006)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A circular dome from Lipari Island consists of latitic enclaves hosted in a rhyolitic magma. A strain analysis of the enclaves has been carried out and the pure shear (a) and simple shear (g) deformation, the vorticity number Wk and flow kinematics are determined. The axial ratio Rf of the enclaves and the angle f between the long axis of the enclaves and the transport direction are measured in 131 sites concentrated in the axial zone (z1), upper-distal zone (z2) and basal zone (z3) of the flow. The f values depict a pattern suggesting endogenous growth. In z1, a/g 〉 1. In z2, 1 〈 a 〈 1.35 and 1.8 〈 g 〈 0.5. In z3, 1 〈 a 〈 1.5 and 0.3 〈 g 〈 2.8. In z1, Wk 〈 0.5. In z2 and z3, Wk 〉 0.8. Lateral stretching due to the upward motion of magma from the conduit prevails in z1. Here the increase of pure shear strain from the bottom to the top reflects strain accumulation due to endogenous growth. z2 and z3 suffer simple shear deformation. In z3, the sense of shear is consistent with the transport direction. An opposite sense of shear characterizes z2. This is due to velocity gradients located in the lower and upper portions of the flow. The kinematics is viscous spreading in z1 and viscous gliding (hyperbolic flow) in z2â z3.Possible rupturing of the exterior may be important in z1, where lateral stretching occurs, and in z3, where g is at a maximum. The effusion rate is 1.93 m3/s. Strain rates calculated using structural data span a range from 1.9 to 5.8.10 6 s 1.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-10
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: lava domes ; kinematics ; emplacement mechanism ; strain analysis ; enclaves ; viscous flows ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 34
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    Nitrogen isotopes in thermal fluids of a forearc region (Jalisco Block, Mexico): evidence for heavy nitrogen from continental crust (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Jalisco Block (JB) is a geologically and tectonically complex part of northwestern Mexico characterized by active subduction-type volcanism, rifting, and old stable structures. Thermal springs and groups of springs are widely distributed over JB. Bubbling gas from seven thermal springs located within different tectonic environments of the JB was analyzed for He, 20Ne, and N2 concentrations and d15N ratios. All gases are N2-dominant (〉84%) with the exception of one sample (Rio´ Purificacio´n), which has a significant CH4 content (about 50%). All collected gas samples are relatively high in He, up to 1500 ppm vol and with 3He/4He values ranging from 0.6 to 4.5 Ra. All measured nitrogen isotope ratios are heavier than air with d15N values ranging from 0.5 to 5.0%. The relative N2 excess with respect to air-saturated water computed on the basis of N2 and 20Ne contents indicates the contribution of a nonatmospheric N2 source. All the samples show a good correlation between d15N and the relative excess of N2 with d15N +5.3% for the maximum N2 excess of 100%. Due to a presumed lack of seafloor sediment involved in the subduction process, such a d15N positive value seems to reflect the addition to the fluids of a heavy nitrogen originating from metamorphism processes of rocks occurring within the overlying continental crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-9
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: bubbling gases ; forearc region ; Jalisco Block-Mexico ; nitrogen isotopes ; subduction-related volcanism ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
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  • 35
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    Evidence of deep magma degassing and ascent by geochemistry of peripheral gas emissions at Mount Etna (Italy): Assessment of the magmatic reservoir pressure (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five gas discharges in the area of Mount Etna volcano (Italy) and in the near Hyblean plateau have been monitored since 1996. All the emissions displayed low contributions from crustal fluids, whereas magmatic gases were the main component. Selective dissolution of these gases into hydrothermal aquifers has been recognized and modeled, allowing us to calculate the original composition of the magma-released gases. The inferred composition of the magmatic gases exhibits synchronous variations of He/Ne and He/CO2 ratios, which are coherent with the magma degassing process. On the basis of numerical simulations of volatile degassing from Etnean basalts we have computed the initial and final pressures of the magma batches feeding the emissions. We thus can define the levels of the Etna plumbing system where magmas are stored. Pressure values were around 360 and 160 MPa for initial and final stages, respectively, meaning related depths of about 10 and 3 km below sea level, matching those obtained by geophysical investigations for the deep and shallow magma reservoirs. In addition, we have been able to recognize episodes of magma migration from the deeper reservoir toward the shallow one. An important magma injection into the shallow storage volume was detected during the onset of the 2001 eruption (17 July). No further injection had taken place during this period until September 2001, providing a possible reason for the quick exhaustion of the eruption. In view of this we suggest that the sampled emissions are a powerful geochemical tool to investigate the Etna’s plumbing system and its magma dynamics, as well as the development of eruptive events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2463
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: gas geochemistry ; magma degassing ; modeling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.04. Thermodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 36
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    Mount Etna: Geochemical signals of magma ascent and unusually extensive plumbing system (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Five years of gas monitoring from selected sites suggest that Mt Etna’s plumbing system is much more extensive than previously reported. It extends at least 40 km SW from the volcano’s boundary along the NE-SW regional fault, where it discharges about 200 tons/day of gas, containing helium with mantle-type isotopic composition. Synchronous variations of 3He/4He isotopic ratios in gas sampled at sites located 60 kilometers apart have allowed us to detect pulses of ascending magma in the plumbing system, thus providing a powerful tool for eruption forecasting. Following summer 2001 eruption, the still increasing trend of the 3He/4He ratios indicates that magma storage is even now occurring at a shallow depth. Hence, the volcano maintains a high capacity to re-erupt within the next few months.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1057
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: helium isotopes ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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    Geochemistry of serpentinized peridotites from the Mariana Forearc Conical Seamount, ODP Leg 125: Implications for the elemental recycling at subduction zones (2005)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Recent examinations of the chemical fluxes through convergent plate margins suggest the existence of significant mass imbalances for many key species: only 20–30% of the to-the-trench inventory of large-ion lithophile elements (LILE) can be accounted for by the magmatic outputs of volcanic arcs. Active serpentinite mud volcanism in the shallow forearc region of the Mariana convergent margin presents a unique opportunity to study a new outflux: the products of shallow-level exchanges between the upper mantle and slab-derived fluids. ODP Leg 125 recovered serpentinized harzburgites and dunites from three sites on the crests and flanks of the active Conical Seamount. These serpentinites have U-shaped rare earth element (REE) patterns, resembling those of boninites. U, Th, and the high field strength elements (HFSE) are highly depleted and vary in concentration by up to 2 orders of magnitude. The low U contents and positive Eu anomalies indicate that fluids from the subducting Pacific slab were probably reducing in nature. On the basis of substantial enrichments of fluid-mobile elements in serpentinized peridotites, we calculated very large slab inventory depletions of B (79%), Cs (32%), Li (18%), As (17%), and Sb (12%). Such highly enriched serpentinized peridotites dragged down to depths of arc magma generation may represent an unexplored reservoir that could help balance the input-output deficit of these elements as observed by Plank and Langmuir (1993, 1998) and others. Surprisingly, many species thought to be mobile in fluids, such as U, Ba, Rb, and to a lesser extent Sr and Pb, are not enriched in the rocks relative to the depleted mantle peridotites, and we estimate that only 1–2% of these elements leave the subducting slabs at depths of 10 to 40 km. Enrichments of these elements in volcanic front and behind-the-front arc lavas point to changes in slab fluid composition at greater depths.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-24
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Serpentinite ; Ocean Drilling Program ; Forearc ; Mantle ; Marianas ; Subduction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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