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  • Molecular Sequence Data  (3,676)
  • Engineering
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (3,723)
  • Goleta, CA  (21)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-06-23
    Description: Exoskeletons and active prostheses promise to enhance human mobility, but few have succeeded. Optimizing device characteristics on the basis of measured human performance could lead to improved designs. We have developed a method for identifying the exoskeleton assistance that minimizes human energy cost during walking. Optimized torque patterns from an exoskeleton worn on one ankle reduced metabolic energy consumption by 24.2 ± 7.4% compared to no torque. The approach was effective with exoskeletons worn on one or both ankles, during a variety of walking conditions, during running, and when optimizing muscle activity. Finding a good generic assistance pattern, customizing it to individual needs, and helping users learn to take advantage of the device all contributed to improved economy. Optimization methods with these features can substantially improve performance.
    Keywords: Engineering
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1994-01-28
    Description: A gene encoding a protein related to the serpin family of protease inhibitors was identified as a candidate tumor suppressor gene that may play a role in human breast cancer. The gene product, called maspin, is expressed in normal mammary epithelial cells but not in most mammary carcinoma cell lines. Transfection of MDA-MB-435 mammary carcinoma cells with the maspin gene did not alter the cells' growth properties in vitro, but reduced the cells' ability to induce tumors and metastasize in nude mice and to invade through a basement membrane matrix in vitro. Analysis of human breast cancer specimens revealed that loss of maspin expression occurred most frequently in advanced cancers. These results support the hypothesis that maspin functions as a tumor suppressor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zou, Z -- Anisowicz, A -- Hendrix, M J -- Thor, A -- Neveu, M -- Sheng, S -- Rafidi, K -- Seftor, E -- Sager, R -- CA39814/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01 CA22427/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA59702/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Jan 28;263(5146):526-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8290962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Breast/*chemistry ; Breast Neoplasms/*chemistry/pathology ; Down-Regulation ; Epithelium/chemistry ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology ; Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Sequence Analysis ; Serpins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Tricyclic antidepressants exert their pharmacological effect-inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine-by directly blocking neurotransmitter transporters (SERT, NET, and DAT, respectively) in the presynaptic membrane. The drug-binding site and the mechanism of this inhibition are poorly understood. We determined the crystal structure at 2.9 angstroms of the bacterial leucine transporter (LeuT), a homolog of SERT, NET, and DAT, in complex with leucine and the antidepressant desipramine. Desipramine binds at the inner end of the extracellular cavity of the transporter and is held in place by a hairpin loop and by a salt bridge. This binding site is separated from the leucine-binding site by the extracellular gate of the transporter. By directly locking the gate, desipramine prevents conformational changes and blocks substrate transport. Mutagenesis experiments on human SERT and DAT indicate that both the desipramine-binding site and its inhibition mechanism are probably conserved in the human neurotransmitter transporters.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3711652/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhou, Zheng -- Zhen, Juan -- Karpowich, Nathan K -- Goetz, Regina M -- Law, Christopher J -- Reith, Maarten E A -- Wang, Da-Neng -- DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA013261/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DA019676/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK053973/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 DK060841/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R21 GM075936/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM075026/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM095315/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 7;317(5843):1390-3. Epub 2007 Aug 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine and Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 540 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690258" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Conserved Sequence ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Desipramine/chemistry/*metabolism ; Dopamine/chemistry/metabolism ; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Leucine/chemistry/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/*metabolism ; Norepinephrine/chemistry/metabolism ; Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins/antagonists & ; inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism ; Plasma Membrane Neurotransmitter Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ; Serotonin/chemistry/metabolism ; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors/chemistry/metabolism
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1994-04-01
    Description: The STAT family of proteins carries out a dual function: signal transduction and activation of transcription. A new family member, Stat3, becomes activated through phosphorylation on tyrosine as a DNA binding protein in response to epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) but not interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). It is likely that this phosphoprotein forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with the first described member of the STAT family, Stat91 (renamed Stat1 alpha), which is activated by the IFNs and EGF. Differential activation of different STAT proteins in response to different ligands should help to explain specificity in nuclear signaling from the cell surface.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhong, Z -- Wen, Z -- Darnell, J E Jr -- AI32489/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Apr 1;264(5155):95-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8140422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Epidermal Growth Factor/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; Interleukin-6/*pharmacology ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phosphorylation ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; Sequence Alignment ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Tyrosine/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 1999-02-19
    Description: The vertebrate heart consists of two types of chambers, the atria and the ventricles, which differ in their contractile and electrophysiological properties. Little is known of the molecular mechanisms by which these chambers are specified during embryogenesis. Here a chicken iroquois-related homeobox gene, Irx4, was identified that has a ventricle-restricted expression pattern at all stages of heart development. Irx4 protein was shown to regulate the chamber-specific expression of myosin isoforms by activating the expression of the ventricle myosin heavy chain-1 (VMHC1) and suppressing the expression of the atrial myosin heavy chain-1 (AMHC1) in the ventricles. Thus, Irx4 may play a critical role in establishing chamber-specific gene expression in the developing heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bao, Z Z -- Bruneau, B G -- Seidman, J G -- Seidman, C E -- Cepko, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 19;283(5405):1161-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10024241" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Atrial Myosins ; *Avian Proteins ; Chick Embryo ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Heart Atria/*embryology/metabolism/virology ; Heart Ventricles/*embryology/metabolism/virology ; Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; In Situ Hybridization ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Proteins/*genetics ; Myosin Heavy Chains/genetics ; Myosins/*genetics ; Phenotype ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; Retroviridae/genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-08-11
    Description: Influenza virus entry is mediated by the receptor binding domain (RBD) of its spike, the hemagglutinin (HA). Adaptation of avian viruses to humans is associated with HA specificity for alpha2,6- rather than alpha2,3-linked sialic acid (SA) receptors. Here, we define mutations in influenza A subtype H5N1 (avian) HA that alter its specificity for SA either by decreasing alpha2,3- or increasing alpha2,6-SA recognition. RBD mutants were used to develop vaccines and monoclonal antibodies that neutralized new variants. Structure-based modification of HA specificity can guide the development of preemptive vaccines and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies that can be evaluated before the emergence of human-adapted H5N1 strains.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2367145/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Zhi-Yong -- Wei, Chih-Jen -- Kong, Wing-Pui -- Wu, Lan -- Xu, Ling -- Smith, David F -- Nabel, Gary J -- Z99 AI999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 10;317(5839):825-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health, Building 40, Room 4502, Mailstop Code MSC-3005, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17690300" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; Carbohydrate Conformation ; Cell Line ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neutralization Tests ; Receptors, Virus/*metabolism ; Sialic Acids/*metabolism ; Vaccination
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hall, Z W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):362-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618101" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agrin/physiology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Basement Membrane/metabolism ; Laminin/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Motor Neurons/*physiology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurites/physiology ; Neuromuscular Junction/*physiology ; Oligopeptides/physiology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Synapses/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1993-10-01
    Description: When the recognition sequence of a ribozyme is extended beyond a certain length, turnover is slowed and specificity is decreased. Here, it is shown that a protein can help a ribozyme overcome these general limitations on ribozyme activity. Cleavage of an RNA oligonucleotide by a hammerhead ribozyme is enhanced 10- to 20-fold upon addition of a protein derived from the p7 nucleocapsid (NC) protein of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1. The NC protein also enhances the ability of the ribozyme to discriminate between cleavage of RNA oligonucleotides with differing sequences. These catalytic improvements can be attributed to the strand exchange activity of this RNA binding protein. It is conceivable that endogenous or added proteins may provide analogous increases in ribozyme activity and specificity in vivo.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Tsuchihashi, Z -- Khosla, M -- Herschlag, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Oct 1;262(5130):99-102.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7692597" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; *Capsid Proteins ; Catalysis ; DNA, Single-Stranded/metabolism ; Gene Products, gag/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligoribonucleotides/*metabolism ; RNA/*metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/chemistry/*metabolism ; Substrate Specificity ; *Viral Proteins ; Zinc Fingers ; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 1993-11-26
    Description: Rhodopsin has been selectively spin-labeled near the cytoplasmic termini of helices C and G. Photoactivation with a light flash induces an electron paramagnetic resonance spectral change in the millisecond time domain, coincident with the appearance of the active metarhodopsin II intermediate. The spectral change is consistent with a small movement near the cytoplasmic termination of the C helix and reverses upon formation of the MIII state. These results provide an important link between the optical changes associated with the retinal chromophore and protein conformational states.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farahbakhsh, Z T -- Hideg, K -- Hubbell, W L -- EY05216/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY07026/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 26;262(5138):1416-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jules Stein Eye Institute, Los Angeles, CA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8248781" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy ; Light ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Rhodopsin/*chemistry ; Spin Labels ; Temperature
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1997-01-24
    Description: Apoptosis, a form of cellular suicide, involves the activation of CED-3-related cysteine proteases (caspases). The regulation of caspases by apoptotic signals and the precise mechanism by which they kill the cell remain unknown. In Drosophila, different death-inducing stimuli induce the expression of the apoptotic activator reaper. Cell killing by reaper and two genetically linked apoptotic activators, hid and grim, requires caspase activity. A Drosophila caspase, named Drosophila caspase-1 (DCP-1), was identified and found to be structurally and biochemically similar to Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3. Loss of zygotic DCP-1 function in Drosophila caused larval lethality and melanotic tumors, showing that this gene is essential for normal development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Song, Z -- McCall, K -- Steller, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Jan 24;275(5299):536-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8999799" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Apoptosis ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins ; *Caspases ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cysteine Endopeptidases/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA Fragmentation ; DNA Transposable Elements ; Drosophila/embryology/*enzymology/genetics ; Drosophila Proteins ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/enzymology ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Insect ; HeLa Cells ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; RNA, Messenger/genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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