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  • 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases  (16)
  • Elsevier Science Limited  (12)
  • Springer Science+Business Media B.V.  (2)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science  (1)
  • Birkhauser  (1)
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  • 1
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    Chemical and isotopical characterisation of fluid manifestations of Ischia Island (Italy) (2021)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Between 1994 and 1995, gas samples from fumaroles and thermal waters were collected on Ischia Island. The chemical composition of the shallow and deep natural hydrothermal fluids discharged is related to the main hydrological and lithological characteristics of the rock formations present in the reservoir. A biphase reservoir (liquid 1 gas) is identified, where the dominant liquid has a temperature of about 2808C. On the basis of d 13CTDC values it was possible to hypothesize a deep source characterised by carbon isotopic values varying from 0 to 23d‰. These values are noticeably more positive with respect to those attributed to magmatic CO2 d13CCO2 ranging from 25 to 28d ‰), thus suggesting a magmatic source modified by crustal contamination. This hypothesis is supported by the carbon isotopic composition of CO2 in sampled gases, which varied from 0 to 25d‰. The inferred isotopic value of carbon of magmatic CO2 would then be about 22d‰. The observed differences in C isotopic composition between fumarolic and magmatic gases would be caused by kinetic and/or equilibrium fractionation processes. These processes would cause a fractionation of d 13C of deep CO2 towards more negative values (down to 25‰). Actually, CO2 removal or addition processes caused by the interaction between deep gases and shallow hydrothermal waters are likely to be responsible for the different chemical and isotopic compositions of gaseous emissions. For these reasons, and on the basis of the homogeneity of geothermometric values, the existence of a single, large reservoir that feeds all of the fluids discharged at Ischia Island can be hypothesised. Based on acquired data, a new geochemical model of the geothermal system of Ischia Island is proposed.
    Description: Published
    Description: 151-178
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gas thermometers; water geothermometer; dissolved gases; geothermal system; Ischia Island ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The impact of natural and anthropogenic factors on groundwater quality in an active volcanic/geothermal system under semi-arid climatic conditions: The case study of Methana peninsula (Greece) (2017)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-09
    Description: A comprehensive hydrogeochemical study of the cold and thermal groundwaters of the presently quiescent volcanic system at Methana was undertaken that involved collecting 71 natural water samples. Methana is a peninsula in Peloponnesus, Greece whose arid climate and hydrological situation is similar to that of the nearby small islands of the Aegean Sea. Similarly, the chemical and isotopic compositions of its water are dominated by the mixing of seawaterwith meteoric water both through direct intrusion and meteoric recharge. However, the simple mixing trends at Methana are modified by water–rock interaction processes, enhanced by the dissolution of endogenous CO2, which lead to strong enrichments in alkalinity, Ca, Ba, Fe and Mn. The thermal waters show very high salinity that is sometimes close to that of seawater [total dissolved solids (TDS)=8.5–40 g/l]. Although the cold groundwaters sometimes also show elevated TDS values (up to 6.3 g/l), their overall quality is acceptable due to the trace metal and nitrate contents mostly being below acceptable limits. While the saltiest groundwaters are not acceptable for human consumption, they are used for irrigation without exerting toxic effects on plants, which is probably due to the high permeability of the soils not supporting salt accumulation and salinity-resistant crops being cultivated.
    Description: Published
    Description: 110-119
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry ; volcanic aquifers ; Salinization ; stable isotopes ; Trace elements ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Geochemical characterisation of gases along the dead sea rift: Evidences of mantle-CO2 degassing (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The Dead Sea Transform (DST) fault system,where a lateral displacement between the African and Arabian plates occurs, is characterised by anomalous heat flux in the Israeli area close to the border with Syria and Jordan. The concentration of He and CO2, and isotopic composition of He and total dissolved inorganic carbon were studied in cold and thermalwaters collected along the DST, in order to investigate the source of volatiles and their relationship with the tectonic framework of the DST. The waters with higher temperature (up to 57.2 °C) are characterised by higher amounts of CO2 and helium (up to 55.72 and 1.91 ∗ 10−2 cc l−1, respectively). Helium isotopic data (R/Ra from 0.11 to 2.14) and 4He/20Ne ratios (0.41–106.86) show the presence of deep-deriving fluids consisting of a variable mixture ofmantle and crust end-members,with the former reaching up to 35%. Carbon isotope signature of total dissolved carbon from hot waters falls within the range of magmatic values, suggesting the delivery of deep-seated CO2. The geographical distribution of helium isotopic data and isotopic carbon (CO2) values coupled with (CO2/3He ratios) indicate a larger contribution of mantle-derived fluids affecting the northern part of the investigated area, where the waters reach the highest temperature. These evidences suggest the occurrence of a favourable tectonic framework, including a Moho discontinuity up-rise and/or the presence of a deep fault system coupled with the recent magmatic activity recognised in the northern part of Israel.
    Description: Published
    Description: 50–57
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Fluid geochemistry ; Dissolved gases ; Helium isotopes ; Carbon isotopes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Chemical and isotopic features of cold and thermal fluids discharged in the Southern Volcanic Zone between 32.5°S and 36°S: Insights into the physical and chemical processes controlling fluid geochemistry in geothermal systems of Central Chile (2016)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The Principal Cordillera of Central Chile is characterized by two belts of different ages and lithologies: (i) an eastern Mesozoic belt, consisting of limestone- and gypsum-rich sedimentary rocks at the border between Central Chile and Argentina, where the active volcanic arc occurs; and (ii) a western belt of Cenozoic age containing basaltic to andesitic volcanic and volcanoclastic sequences. This distinctive geological setting controls water chemistry of cold and thermal springs in the region, which are fed by meteoric water that circulates through deep regional structures. In the western sector of Principal Cordillera, water–rock interaction processes produce lowTDS, slightly alkaline HCO3 − dominatedwaters, although dissolution of underlyingMesozoic evaporitic rocks occasionally causes SO4 2− and Cl− enrichments. In this area, few Na+–HCO3 − and Na+–SO4 2− waters occurred, being likely produced by a Ca2+–Na+ exchange during water–rock interactions. Differently, the chemical features of Ca2+–Cl−waterswas likely related to an albitization–chloritization process affecting basaltic to andesitic rocks outcropping in this area. Addition of Na+–Cl− brines uprising from the eastern sector through the westverging thrust faults cannot be excluded, as suggested by the occurrence of mantle He (~19%) in dissolved gases. In contrast, in the eastern sector of the study region, mainly characterized by the occurrence of evaporitic sequences and relatively high heat flow,mature Na+–Cl− waters were recognized, the latter being likely related to promising geothermal reservoirs, as supported by the chemical composition of the associated bubbling and fumarolic gases. Their relatively low3He/4He ratios (up to 3.9 Ra)measured in the fumaroles on this area evidenced a significant crustal contamination by radiogenic 4He. The latter was likely due to (i) degassing from 4He-rich magma batches residing in the crust, and/or (ii) addition of fluids interacting with sedimentary rocks. This interpretation is consistent with the measured δ13C-CO2 values (from−13.2 to−5.72‰vs. V-PDB) and the CO2/3He ratios (up to 14.6 × 1010), which suggest that CO2 mostly originates from the limestone-rich basement and recycling of subducted sediments,with an important addition of sedimentary (organic-derived) carbon,whereas mantle degassing contributes at a minor extent. According to geothermometric estimations based on the Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ contents, the mature Na+–Cl− rich waters approached a chemical equilibrium with calcite, dolomite, anhydrite, fluorite, albite, K-feldspar and Ca- andMg-saponites at a broad range of temperatures (up to ~300 °C) In the associated gas phase, equilibria of chemical reactions characterized by slowkinetics (e.g. sabatier reaction) suggested significant contributions from hot and oxidizing magmatic gases. This hypothesis is consistent with the δ13C-CO2, Rc/Ra, CO2/3He values of the fumarolic gases. Accordingly, the isotopic signatures of the fumarolic steam is similar to that of fluids discharged from the summit craters of the two active volcanoes in the study area (Tupungatito and Planchón–Peteroa). These results encourage the development of further geochemical and geophysical surveys aimed to provide an exhaustive evaluation of the geothermal potential of these volcanic–hydrothermal systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 97-113
    Description: 1V. Storia e struttura dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Central Chile ; Water–gas–rock interaction ; Hydrothermal reservoir ; Geothermal resource ; Volcanoes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Statistical approach for the geochemical signature of two active faults in the western Corinth Gulf rift (Greece) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Soil–gas measurements of different gas species were performed in two distinct areas of the Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece): the Aigion-Neos Erineos-Lambiri (ANEL) fault zone and the Rion-Patras fault zone. Both zones lie in one of the most seismically active areas of the Euro-Mediterranean region, where a fast-opening continental rift is located. In particular, the geochemical investigations were focused on fault segments and fracture systems previously inferred by geomorphological, lithological and structural studies. In this work the applicability of soil–gas geochemistry surveys for the exploration of buried/hidden faults was tested by using various statistical methods. Moreover, a comprehensive geostatistical treatment of the collected data provided new insights into the control exerted by active structures on deep-seated gas migration towards the surface. In both investigated areas, the highest 222Rn and CO2 concentration peaks correspond with zones where the interaction among fracture and fault segments was inferred by structural and morphological methods. This indicates a clear correlation between the shape and orientation of the anomalies and the different attitude and kinematic behavior of the faults recognized in the two areas. Furthermore, obtained results show that gases migrate preferentially through zones of brittle deformation by advective processes, as suggested by the relatively high rate of migration needed to obtain anomalies of short-lived 222Rn in the soil pores
    Description: Published
    Description: 86-100
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: gas geochemistry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 6
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    Methane flux and origin in the Othrys ophiolite hyperalkaline springs, Greece (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: The occurrence and origin of methane (CH4) generated by serpentinization of ultramafic rocks is of current timely interest in planetary geology, astrobiology and energy resource exploration, as it may contribute, in particular, to decipher the source of methane on Mars, the origin of life and the potential of abiotic hydrocarbon synthesis. Methane of dominant abiotic origin in serpentinized peridotites on continents (ophiolites or igneous intrusions) has been documented so far, with complete carbon and hydrogen isotope composition, in six countries, in the Philippines, Turkey, Oman, New Zealand, Japan and Italy. We report the discovery of two new sites in Greece, at Archani and Ekkara, located in the Othrys ophiolite massif. Portable sensors based on Fourier Transform InfraRed spectrometry (FTIR) and Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) allowed to realize that out of 21 ophiolitic springs, methane is released only by four hyperalkaline (pH from 10.7 to 11.3) and calcium hydroxide (Ca–OH) type waters; all other 17 springs with pH b 8.7 and magnesium-rich waters in the Pindos, Vourinos and Veria ophiolites, do not show methane. This correlation between gas occurrence and water type seems to occur worldwide; accordingly, CH4 production appears to be intimately related to the depth and residence time of the circulating meteoric waters. Methane is emitted into the atmosphere also from the soil surrounding the hyperalkaline springs, with fluxes of the same order of magnitude (~102–103 mg m−2 day−1) of seepage typically observed over conventional petroleum systems. Othrys CH4 has an isotopic composition (δ13C from −27‰ to −37.3‰ VPDB, δ2H from −250‰ to −311‰ VSMOW) similar to that reported in ultramafic rocks in New Zealand and Japan, and in Precambrian crystalline shields, which were considered dominantly abiotic and probably derived from Fischer–Tropsch Type reactions. The paucity of CO2, which is the norm in hyperalkaline waters, and of other hydrocarbons prevents from evaluating possible mixing of gas of different sources, including microbial methanogenesis. Also the H2 content is trivial, notwithstanding it being a typical product of serpentinization; this could be due to complete H2 consumption by CO2 reduction in a limited or decreased H2 production system due, for example, to a late stage of increased silica activity, as suggested by preliminary petrographic observations. The low geothermal gradient of the area and the present-day serpentinization imply that,whatever the CH4 production mechanism, it took place at temperatures below those traditionally considered for the origin of abiotic methane in hydrothermal systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 161-174
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Abiotic methane, serpentinization, ophiolite ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Partitioning the net ecosystem carbon balance of a semiarid steppe into biological and geological components (2015)
    Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-24
    Description: Recent studies have highlighted the need to consider geological carbon sources when estimating the net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) of terrestrial ecosystems located in areas potentially affected by geofluid circulation. We propose a new methodology using physical parameters of the atmospheric boundary layer to quantify the CO2 coming from deep ground origin in a steppe ecosystem located in the SE of Spain. Then, we compared published NECB estimates at the site with seasonal patterns of soil CO2 efflux and biological activity measured by satellite images over a 2-year period (2007/2008). The alpha grass ecosystem was a net carbon source (93.8 and 145.1 g C m-2 year-1, in 2007 and 2008, respectively), particularly as a result of large amounts of carbon released over the dry period that were not related to biological activity. While the highest ecosystem CO2 emission rates were measured over the dry period (reaching up to 15 lmol m-2 s-1), soil CO2 efflux rates (ca. 0.5 lmol m-2 s-1) and plant productivity were minimal during this period. After using a linear relationship between NECB and wind speed for different stability conditions and wind sectors, we estimated the geological flux FGEO (217.9 and 244.0 g C m-2 in 2007 and 2008, respectively) and subtracted it from the NECB to obtain the biological flux FBIO (-124.0 and -98.9 g C m-2 in 2007 and 2008, respectively). We then partitioned FBIO into gross primary productivity and ecosystem respiration and proved that, after removing FGEO, ecosystem respiration and soil CO2 efflux followed similar seasonal patterns. The annual contribution of the geological component to NECB was 49.6 and 46.7 % for the year 2007 and 2008, respectively. Therefore, it is clear that geological carbon sources should be quantified in those ecosystems located in areas with potential natural emission of geological gases to the surface.
    Description: Published
    Description: 83-101
    Description: 7A. Geofisica di esplorazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: carbon emission, soil, dry land ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    A newly-emerged (August 2013) artificially-triggered fumarole near the Fiumicino airport, Rome, Italy (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-04
    Description: Early in the morning of 24 August, 2013, following by hours the drilling of a shallowborehole in the same spot, a new fumarole producing emissions of CO2-rich gas, water, and mud suddenly appeared at a crossroad along the fenced area of the Fiumicino international airport of Rome, Italy. Similar episodes have been scientifically documented or simply reported in recent and past years. To understandwhy gases are easily entrapped in the shallow subsurface of the Fiumicino area, we used five borehole cores drilled by us, analyzed the stratigraphy of these and other nearby cores, acquired a 2D seismic refraction tomogram, and performed chemical and isotopic analyses of water samples collected from aquifers intercepted by two drilled boreholes. Our boreholes were realized with proper anti-gasmeasures as,while drilling, we recorded the presence of pressurized gases at a specific permeable gravel level. Results showthat, in the study area, gases become mainly entrapped in a mid-Pleistocene gravel horizon at about 40–50 m depth. This horizon contains a confined aquifer that stores the endogenous upwelling gases. The gravel is interposed between two silty–clayey units. The lower unit, very hard and overconsolidated, is affected by fractures that allow ascending gases to bypass the otherwise impermeable shale, permeate the gravel, and dissolve into the aquifer. In contrast, the upper unit is impermeable to fluids and seals the gaspressurized aquifer, which therefore constitutes a source of hazard during human activities such as well drilling, quarrying, and various building-related excavations. As the stratigraphy of the Fiumicino area is very common in large portions of the densely populated Roman area and as the adjacent volcanic districts are hydrothermally active, we conclude that phenomena similar to that observed at Fiumicino could again occur both at Fiumicino and elsewhere in the surrounding region. As a prompt confirmation of our conclusion, we signal that, while writing this paper, new artificially-triggered degassing phenomena occurred off Fiumicino in connection with the construction of the new harbor.
    Description: Published
    Description: 53-66
    Description: 4V. Vulcani e ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Mud volcano ; gas hazard ; drilling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Geochemical Barriers in CO2 Capture and Storage Feasibility Studies (2015)
    Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: CO2 sequestration in geological formations requires specific conditions to safely store this greenhouse gas underground. Different geological reservoirs can be used for this purpose, although saline aquifers are one of the most promising targets due to both their worldwide availability and storing capacity. Nevertheless, geochemical processes and fluid flow properties are to be assessed pre-, during, and post-injection of CO2. Theoretical calculations carried out by numerical geochemical modeling play an important role to understand the fate of CO2 and to investigate short-to-long-term consequences of CO2 storage into deep saline reservoirs. In this paper, the injection of CO2 in a deep structure located offshore in the Tyrrhenian Sea (central Italy) was simulated. The results of a methodological approach for evaluating the impact that CO2 has in a saline aquifer hosted in Mesozoic limestone formations were discussed. Seismic reflection data were used to develop a reliable 3D geological model, while 3D simulations of reactive transport were performed via the TOUGHREACT code. The simulation model covered an area of 〉100 km2 and a vertical cross-section of 〉3 km, including the trapping structure. Two simulations, at different scales, were carried out to depict the local complex geological system and to assess: (i) the geochemical evolution at the reservoir–caprock interface over a short time interval, (ii) the permeability variations close to the CO2 plume front, and (iii) the CO2 path from the injection well throughout the geological structure. One of the most important results achieved in this study was the formation of a geochemical barrier as CO2-rich acidic waters flowed into the limestone reservoir.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107-143
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: CO2 geological storage ; Reactive transport modeling ; Deep saline aquifers ; Geochemical barriers ; Permeability feedback ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 10
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    Fluid geochemistry and geothermometry in the unexploited geothermal field of the Vicano-Cimino volcanic district (central Italy) (2015)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The Vicano–Cimino Volcanic District (VCVD) is related to the post-orogenic magmatic activity of the peri- Tyrrhenian sector of Central Italy. The chemical and isotopic compositions of 333 water discharges and 25 gas emissions indicate the occurrence of two main sources: 1) cold Ca-HCO3 to Ca(Na, K)-HCO3 type waters from relatively shallow aquifers hosted in volcanic and sedimentary formations; and 2) thermal Ca-SO4(HCO3) type waters located in a deep CO2-pressurized reservoir, hosted in carbonate–evaporite rocks and separated from the shallow aquifers by thick sequences of low-permeability formations. Carbon dioxide is mainly produced by thermal metamorphic decarbonation within the deepest and hottest parts of the carbonate–evaporite reservoir (δ13C–CO2 from−3.1 to+2.2‰vs. VPDB), likely affected by a mantle-rooted CO2. ReleaseofCO2-rich gases from the deep aquifer into the overlying shallow aquifers produces high-CO2 springs and bubbling pools. The spatial distribution of thermal waters and CO2-rich cold discharges is strongly controlled by fractures and faults located in correspondencewith buried structural highs. Stable isotopes (δD and δ18O) suggest thatmeteoric water feeds both the shallowand deep reservoirs. The relatively lowR/Ra values (0.27–1.19) indicate that He ismainly deriving from a crustal source, with minor component from the mantle affected by crustal contamination related to the subduction of the Adriatic plate. Consistently, relatively high N2/Ar and N2/3He ratios and positive δ15N–N2 values (from0.91 to 5.7‰vs. air) characterize the VCVD gas discharges, suggesting the occurrence of a significant “excess” nitrogen. Isotopic compositions of CH4 (δ13C–CH4 and δD–CH4 values from−28.9 to−22.1‰vs. VPDB and from −176 to −138‰ vs. VSMOW, respectively), and composition of light alkanes are indicative of prevalent thermogenic CH4, although the occurrence of abiogenic CH4 production cannot be excluded. The δ34S–H2S values (from+9.3 to+11.4‰vs. VCDT) are consistentwith the hypothesis of H2S production fromthermogenic reduction of Triassic anhydrites. Gas geothermometry in the H2O–H2–Ar–H2S system suggests that the VCVD gases equilibrated in a liquid phase at redox conditions controlled by interactions of fluids with the local mineral assemblage at temperatures lower (b200 °C) than that andmeasured in deep (N2000 m) geothermalwells. This confirms that secondary processes, i.e. steam condensation, gas dissolution in shallow aquifers, re-equilibration at lower temperature, and microbial activity, significantly affect the chemistry of the uprising fluids. Thermal water chemistry supports the occurrence in this area of an anomalous heat flowthat, coupledwith the recent demographic growth, makes this site suitable for direct and indirect exploitation of the geothermal resource, in agreement with the preliminary surveys carried out in the 1970's–1990's for geothermal exploration purposes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 96-114
    Description: 5A. Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: geothermal resources ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
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  • 11
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    Origin and interactions of fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (Hatay, Turkey) and relationships with the hydrologic, geologic and tectonic settings (2014)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: We investigated the geochemical features of the fluids circulating over the Amik Basin (SE Turkey–Syria border), which is crossed by the Northern extension of theDSF (Dead Sea Fault) and represents the boundary area of three tectonic plates (Anatolian, Arabian and African plates). We collected 34 water samples (thermal and cold from natural springs and boreholes) as well as 8 gas samples (bubbling and gas seepage) besides the gases dissolved in the sampled waters. The results show that the dissolved gas phase is a mixture of shallow (atmospheric) and deep components either of mantle and crustal origin. Coherently the sampled waters are variable mixtures of shallow and deep ground waters, the latter being characterised by higher salinity and longer residence times. The deep groundwaters (fromboreholes deeper than 1000 m)have a CH4-dominated dissolved gas phase related to the presence of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The very unique tectonic setting of the area includes the presence of an ophiolitic block outcropping in the westernmost area on the African Plate, as well as basalts located to the North and East on the Arabic Plate. The diffuse presence of CO2-enriched gases, although diluted by the huge groundwater circulation, testifies a regional degassing activity. Fluids circulating over the ophiolitic block are marked by H2-dominated gases with abiogenic methane and high-pH waters. The measured 3He/4He isotopic ratios display contributions from both crustal and mantle-derived sources over both sides of the DSF. Although the serpentinization process is generally independent from mantle-type contribution, the recorded helium isotopic ratios highlight variable contents of mantle-derived fluids. Due to the absence of recent volcanism over the western side of the basin (African Plate), we argue that CO2-rich volatiles carrying mantle-type helium and enriched in heavy carbon, are degassed by deep-rooted regional faults rather than from volcanic sources.
    Description: Published
    Description: 23–39
    Description: 2T. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Dead Sea Fault ; Hydrogeochemistry ; Gas geochemistry ; He isotopes ; C isotopes ; Ophiolites ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
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  • 12
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    Geochemistry of shallow aquifers and soil gas surveys in a feasibility study at the Rivara natural gas storage site (Po Plain, Northern Italy) (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A geochemical survey, in shallow aquifers and soils, has been carried out to evaluate the feasibility of natural gas (CH4) storage in a deep saline aquifer at Rivara (MO), Northern Italy. This paper discusses the areal distribution of CO2 and CH4 fluxes and CO2, CH4, Rn, He, H2 concentrations both in soils and shallow aquifers above the proposed storage reservoir. The distribution of pathfinder elements such as 222Rn, He and H2 has been studied in order to identify potential faults and/or fractures related to preferential migration pathways and the possible interactions between the reservoir and surface. A geochemical and isotopic characterization of the ground waters circulating in the first 200 m has allowed to investigation of (i) the origin of the circulating fluids, (ii) the gas–water–rock interaction processes, (iii) the amount of dissolved gases and/or their saturation status. In the first 200 m, the presence of CH4-rich reducing waters are probably related to organic matter (peat) bearing strata which generate shallowderived CH4, as elsewhere in the Po Plain. On the basis of isotopic analysis, no hints of thermogenic CH4 gas leakage from a deeper reservoir have been shown. The d13C(CO2) both in ground waters and free gases suggests a prevalent shallow origin of CO2 (i.e. organic and/or soil-derived). The acquisition of preinjection data is strategic for the natural gas storage development project and as a baseline for future monitoring during the gas injection/withdrawing period. Such a geochemical approach is considered as a methodological reference model for future CO2/CH4 storage projects.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3-22
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: natural gas storage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 13
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    Geochemical survey of Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), a natural laboratory for the study of ocean acidification (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Shallow submarine gas vents in Levante Bay, Vulcano Island (Italy), emit around 3.6t CO2 per day providing a natural laboratory for the study of biogeochemical processes related to seabed CO2 leaks and ocean acidification. The main physico-chemical parameters (T, pH and Eh) were measured at more than 70 stations with 40 seawater samples were collected for chemical analyses. The main gas vent area had high concentrations of dissolved hydrothermal gases, low pH and negative redox values all of which returned to normal seawater values at distances of about 400 m from the main vents. Much of the bay around the vents is corrosive to calcium carbonate; the north shore has a gradient in seawater carbonate chemistry that is well suited to studies of the effects of long-term increases in CO2 levels. This shoreline lacks toxic compounds (such as H2S) and has a gradient in carbonate saturation states.
    Description: Published
    Description: 485–494
    Description: 4.5. Studi sul degassamento naturale e sui gas petroliferi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: ocean acidification ; carbon capture and storage ; marine geochemistry ; carbonate saturation state ; volcanic vents ; carbon dioxide ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.02. Carbon cycling ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.03. Chemistry of waters ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.04. Ecosystems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 14
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    Carbon-bearing gas geothermometers for volcanic-hydrothermal systems (2013)
    Elsevier Science Limited
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-09
    Description: The genetic relationship between carbon-bearing species (CO, CO2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C2H4 and C3H6) was investigated in volcanic-hydrothermal gases emitted from Nisyros (Greece), Vesuvio, La Solfatara (Campi Flegrei) and Pantelleria (all Italy). Apparent carbon isotopic temperatures of the CH4-CO2 system are ~360°C at Nisyros, 420-460°C at Vesuvio, ~450°C at La Solfatara and ~540°C at Pantelleria. These temperatures are confirmed by measured propene/propane and H2/H2O concentration ratios. CH4 and CO2 equilibrate in the single liquid phase prior to the onset of boiling, whereas propene and propane attain equilibrium in the saturated water vapor phase. Boiling in these high-enthalpy hydrothermal systems might occur isothermally. Once vapor has been extracted from the parental liquid, CO/CO2 responds most sensitively to the temperature gradient encountered by the ascending gases. Our results imply that the CH4-CO2 isotopic geothermometer can provide reliable information about temperatures of deep hydrothermal liquids associated with volcanism. Propene/propane and H2/H2O concentration ratios should be measured along with the carbon isotopic composition of CO2 and CH4 to provide independent constraints on the geological significance of the apparent carbon isotopic temperatures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 66–75
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: restricted
    Keywords: Hydrocarbons ; Hydrothermal fluids ; Volcanoes ; Geothermometry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Earth's Degassing: A Missing Ethane and Propane Source (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: BREVIA
    Description: Current emission inventories require an additional "unknown" source to balance the global atmospheric budgets of ethane (C2H6). Here, we provide evidence that a substantial part of the missing source can be attributed to natural gas seepage from petroliferous, geothermal, and volcanic areas. Such geologic sources also inject propane (C3H8) into the atmosphere. The analysis of a large data set of methane (CH4), ethane, and propane concentrations in surface gas emissions of 238 sites from different geographic and geologic areas, coupled with published estimates of geomethane emissions, suggests that Earth's degassing accounts for at least 17% and 10% of total ethane and propane emissions, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: 478
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Ethane ; Propane ; Geologic emissions ; Seepage ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Chemical and isotopic composition of waters and dissolved gases in some thermal springs of sicily and adjacent volcanic islands, Italy. (2007)
    Birkhauser
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Hydrochemical (major and some minor constituents), stable isotope (dDH2O and d18OH2O; d13CTDIC total dissolved inorganic carbon) and dissolved gas composition have been determined on 33 thermal discharges located throughout Sicily (Italy) and its adjacent islands. On the basis of major ion contents, four main water types have been distinguished: (1) a Na-Cl type; (2) a Ca-Mg〉Na- SO4-Cl type; (3) a Ca-Mg-HCO3 type and (4) a Na-HCO3 type water. Most waters are meteoric in origin or resulting from mixing between meteoric water and heavy-isotope end members. In some samples, d18O values reflect the effects of equilibrium processes between thermal waters and rocks (positive 18O-shift) or thermal waters and CO2 (negative 18O-shift). Dissolved gas composition indicates the occurrence of gas/ water interaction processes in thermal aquifers. N2/O2 ratios higher than air-saturated water (ASW), suggest the presence of geochemical processes responsible for dissolved oxygen consumption. High CO2 contents (more than 3000 cc/litre STP) dissolved in the thermal waters indicate the presence of an external source of carbon dioxide-rich gas. TDIC content and d13CTDIC show very large ranges from 4.6 to 145.3 mmol/Kg and from )10.0& and 2.8&, respectively. Calculated values indicate the significant contribution from a deep source of carbon dioxide inorganic in origin. Interaction with Mediterranean magmatic CO2 characterized by heavier carbon isotope ratios (d13CCO2 value from )3 to 0& vs V-PDB (CAPASSO et al., 1997, GIAMMANCO et al., 1998; INGUAGGIATO et al., 2000) with respect to MORB value and/ or input of CO2-derived from thermal decomposition of marine carbonates have been inferred.
    Description: Published
    Description: 781-807
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Thermal waters, ; chemical and isotope composition, ; dissolved gases ; d13C ; Sicily. ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.06. Hydrothermal systems ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.07. Radioactivity and isotopes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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