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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring  (8)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (5)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
  • Agu  (7)
  • OGS  (5)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (4)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
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Years
  • 1
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    Ground deformation at Mt. Etna: a joint interpretation of GPS and InSAR data from 1993 to 2000 (2007)
    OGS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Combined GPS measurements and radar interferometry (InSAR) have been applied at Mt. Etna to study the ground deformation affecting the volcano both over the long- (1993-2000) and short-term (1997-1998 and 1998-2000). The aim was to better understand the dynamics of the volcano during the magma-recharging phase following the 1991-93 eruption. Since 1993, InSAR and GPS data indicate that Mt. Etna has undergone an inflation. A deep intrusion was detected by InSAR, on the western flank of the volcano, between March and May 1997. In the following months, this intrusion rose up leading to a seismic swarm occurring in January 1998 in the western sector. This now shallow intrusion is confirmed by GPS data. From 1998 to 2000, a general deflation affecting the upper part of the volcano was detected. Over the whole study period, a continuous eastward to south-eastward motion of the eastern sector of the volcano was also evidenced. The analytical inversions of GPS data inferred a plane dipping about 12°ESE, located beneath the eastern flank of the volcano at a depth of 1.4 km b.s.l.. The movement along this plane is able to reproduce the observed south-eastward motion of a sector bounded northward by the Pernicana fault, westward by the North-East Rift and the South Rift, and southward by the Mascalucia-Tremestieri-Trecastagni fault system. InSAR data have validated this model.
    Description: M. Palano was supported by University of Catania PhD grants.
    Description: Published
    Description: 81-98
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Etna ; GPS ; InSAR ; ground deformations ; modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Eruption early warning at Vesuvius: The A.D. 1631 lesson (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Knowledge of past precursor patterns is crucial for the correct interpretation of monitoring data and reliable volcano forecasting. In the case of Vesuvius, one of the world’s riskiest volcanoes, very little information is available about unrest signals following long periods of quiescence. The translation and analysis of three Latin treatises written from eye-witnesses immediately after the A.D. 1631 subplinian eruption allowed us to reconstruct the sequence of precursors. The progression in the signals was remarkably clear starting at least two to three weeks before the event. Widespread gas emission from the ground coupled with deformation was followed by an increase in seismic activity in the eight days before the eruption. Seismicity escalated both in frequency and intensity in the night before the eruption, heralding the opening of fissures on the volcanic cone. The details of phenomena occurring in the medium-term (months before the eruption) are difficult to evaluate, though it is worth noticing that no major tectonic earthquakes were felt in the area of the volcano. Civil protection preparedness plans should be organized in order to complete the evacuation of people in a time span significantly shorter than the duration of expected short-term precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18317
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; A. D. 1631 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Tomomorphometry of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Italy) (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A tomomorphometric analysis of the Somma-Vesuvius topography is presented. This consists in extracting horizontal cross sections at different altitudes, and in determining some morphometric parameters: radius of the circle with a surface area equal to the cross section, circularity, ratio between the major and minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, orientation a of the ellipse major axis, and the x-y centroid. The Somma includes three portions: the apron zone, the flanks, and the summit caldera boundary. Between 225 m and 525 m, a is 50 –60 . Between 600 m and 775 m, a is 130 –135 . These are the preferred strike of the eruptive fissures affecting the northwestern Somma flanks, the faults affecting the whole edifice, the nodal planes from local earthquakes. The Somma activity developed along a NE-SW structural discontinuity, whereas the post-caldera activity concentrated along a NW-SE striking structure. Somma activity migrates from SE to NW.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17305
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomomorphometry ; Somma-Vesuvius volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Ground deformation at Mt. Etna: a joint interpretation of GPS and InSAR data from 1993 to 2000 (2007)
    OGS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Combined Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements and Interferometry SAR (InSAR) have been applied on Mt. Etna to study the ground deformation affecting the volcano both over the long (1993-2000) and short-term (1997-2000). From 1993 to 1997, data indicate a re-pressurization of Mt. Etna’s plumbing system that i) triggered most of the seismicity, ii) induced the dilatation of the volcano, and iii) produced a series of summit eruptions since 1995. InSAR detected a deep intrusion on the western flank of the volcano, between March and May 1997. In the following months, this intrusion rose leading to a seismic swarm in the western sector occurring in January 1998. The shallow intrusion is confirmed by GPS data. From 1998 to 2000, a general deflation affected the upper part of the volcano. Elastic deformation modelling of GPS data suggests that the active sources of deformation include deep pressure sources located beneath the upper western flank of the volcano, shallow dislocation sources (dikes and faults) located beneath the NE and S rift zones, and a sub-horizontal dislocation plane (dipping about 12° ESE), located beneath the eastern flank of the volcano at a depth of 1.5 km b.s.l.. InSAR data validated these models.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ground deformation ; Mt. Etna: ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.07. Satellite geodesy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    VHR seismic imaging of displacement along an active off-shore fault system of the Adriatic foreland (2007)
    OGS
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A dense network of Very High Resolution seismic profiles along the Gondola Fault Zone (GFZ), in the Adriatic foreland (Italy), reveals the geometry and Middle Pleistocene-Holocene activity of this inherited, E-W, strike-slip fault system. The GFZ is 〉50 km long and includes two parallel fault sets, characterized by subvertical planes displaying a vertical component of motion, associated with two main anticlines. The northern fault set is organized in three branches, whereas the southern one includes two branches. The overall geometry of the GFZ suggests dextral slip. The distribution of the vertical displacement is bell-shaped, suggesting a long-term behavior as a single structure. However, individual branches show different deformation histories, implying that they can slip independently. The vertical slip rates, calculated for late Middle Pleistocene to Holocene intervals, are consistently small within a limited range (0-0.19 mm/a).
    Description: Published
    Description: CNR, P.le Aldo Moro 5, Roma, Italia
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: VHR seismics ; Fault displacement ; Active fault ; Adriatic Sea ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.04. Marine geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 6
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    Mapping mantle flow during retreating subduction: Laboratory models analyzed by feature tracking (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Three-dimensional dynamically consistent laboratory models are carried out to model the large-scale mantle circulation induced by subduction of a laterally migrating slab. A laboratory analogue of a slab–upper mantle system is set up with two linearly viscous layers of silicone putty and glucose syrup in a tank. The circulation pattern is continuously monitored and quantitatively estimated using a feature tracking image analysis technique. The effects of plate width and mantle viscosity/density on mantle circulation are systematically considered. The experiments show that rollback subduction generates a complex three-dimensional time-dependent mantle circulation pattern characterized by the presence of two distinct components: the poloidal and the toroidal circulation. The poloidal component is the answer to the viscous coupling between the slab motion and the mantle, while the toroidal one is produced by lateral slab migration. Spatial and temporal features of mantle circulation are carefully analyzed. These models show that (1) poloidal and toroidal mantle circulation are both active since the beginning of the subduction process, (2) mantle circulation is intermittent, (3) plate width affects the velocity and the dimension of subduction induced mantle circulation area, and (4) mantle flow in subduction zones cannot be correctly described by models assuming a two-dimensional steady state process. We show that the intermittent toroidal component of mantle circulation, missed in those models, plays a crucial role in modifying the geometry and the efficiency of the poloidal component
    Description: Published
    Description: B03402
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: mantle flow ; subduction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.01. Continents ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Tracking magma dynamics by Laser Ablation (LA)-ICPMS trace element analysis of glass in volcanic ash: the 1995 activity of Mt. Etna (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Glass fragments in tephra erupted at Mt. Etna from May to December 1995 have been analyzed by laser ablation ICPMS. The trace element compositional variability of ashes deposited during this interval reveals the presence of discrete magma batches with different crystallization degrees in the shallow plumbing system. From May to October a highly crystalline magma is predominant within the conduit with only minor sporadic input of fresh and more primitive magma batches. After October new and less evolved magma batches become more prevalent and become progressively homogenized within more evolved resident magma. In December ashes closely match the chemistry of the volcanics subsequently erupted till February 1996. This study demonstrates that the trace element characterization of ashes has important implications for volcanic monitoring and is a useful tool for the forecasting of paroxysmal events at Mt. Etna.
    Description: Published
    Description: L05304
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magma ; 1995 ; Mt Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    New insights into magma dynamics during last two eruptions of Mount Etna as inferred by geochemical monitoring from 2002 to 2005 (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Two distinct eruptive events characterize the volcanic activity at Mount Etna during the 2002 to 2005 period.We identified signals of magma ascent preceding these eruptions by geochemical monitoring of both chemical composition and He-isotope ratio of gas emissions from five locations in the peripheral area of the volcano. The geochemical signals are interpreted using the models proposed by Caracausi et al. (2003a, 2003b) and allow identification of episodes of magma ascent and estimation of the pressures of degassing magma. As observed for the 2001 eruption (Caracausi et al., 2003b), magma ascent probably triggered the onset of the 2002–2003 eruption, and minor events of magma ascent were observed between May and December 2003. In contrast to the previous two eruptions, the 2004–2005 eruption was not preceded by significant geochemical signals of volcanic unrest, suggesting that this eruption was mainly triggered by the failure of the upper portion of the volcanic edifice under the magmatic hydrostatic pressure in the conduits. High 3He/4He ratio revealed new volatile-rich magma accumulation. The 2002–2003 eruption was preceded by a much shorter period of new magma accumulation from deep levels of the feeding system. Few minor signals of magma migration were detected at some of the sites during the months preceding the 2004–2005 eruption, suggesting that the degassed 3He-depleted magma resident in the volcanic conduits was not replaced by new volatile-rich magma. This is in agreement with the lack of explosive activity during the 2004–2005 eruption and with petrologic observations that the parent magma probably erupted in 2000 and 2001. New geochemical signals of magma ascent from the deep reservoir have been identified since June 2005, indicating that the volcanic activity of Mount Etna is evolving toward new pre-eruptive conditions.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q06008
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: chemical composition ; geochemical monitoring ; He isotope ; magma migration. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Hydrothermal buffering of the SO2/H2S ratio in volcanic gases: Evidence from La Fossa Crater fumarolic field, Vulcano Island (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Sulfur speciation in volcanic gases is a potentially valuable tracer of degassing processes at volcanoes. Hitherto, observations of sulfur speciation in volcanic gas plumes have however been limited both in number and quality. Here, we report on periodic measurements of SO2 to H2S proportions in the volcanic gases from La Fossa volcano (Vulcano Island) performed during 2004–2006, a period which encompasses two heating events of the fumarolic field in January–April 2005 and December 2005. Results indicate a systematic relative increase (by a factor of 2–6) of SO2 to H2S proportions in the fumaroles during the heating events, which we ascribe to a temperature increase in the mixing zone between magmatic and hydrothermal fluids. We also demonstrate that sulphur speciation in La Fossa fumaroles reflects re-equilibration within a poly-baric hydrothermal system, and that this hydrothermal re-equilibration erases the pristine SO2/H2S ratios of any magma-derived sulphur present.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21315
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; Vulcano Island ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Coseismic ruptures and associated tectonic landforms along the Duzce segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: This paper presents a comparison between the pattern of surface ruptures produced by a single earthquake and patterns of cumulative deformation. We performed a detailed study of the 1999 earthquake coseismic ruptures and of the long-term tectonic landforms in a key area of the Du¨zce fault segment of the North Anatolian fault. We observed a scaleindependent en echelon arrangement of the coseismic surface ruptures. As a whole, the long-term geomorphic expression of the Du¨zce Fault near the 1999 ruptures is evidence of the principal slip zone at depth that accommodates the bulk of the displacement during an individual rupture event. This may stay localized through many rupture episodes with persistent geometry and kinematics. The long-term tectonic and geomorphic expression of the fault in a broader area around the 1999 ruptures defines a wider deformation zone. In fact, an old and complex fault arrangement has been mapped, partially coinciding with the 1999 rupturing fault, suggesting that the 1999 ruptures are an incomplete expression of the long-term Du¨zce fault system. The relationships between the coseismic and the old fault systems suggest an evolution of the fault pattern trough time, with a tendency to simplify a geometric complexity into a straighter, mature trace. The integrated investigation of long-term tectonic morphologies and structural pattern offers a noteworthy frame to interpret the coseismic rupture kinematics and clarifies their complexities. Moreover, to fully understand the principal slip zone at depth, this work shows the importance of the study of strain distribution pattern and evolution of surface rupturing faults.
    Description: Published
    Description: B06312
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Coseismic ruptures ; tectonic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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