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  • 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology  (13)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous  (10)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes
  • Geological Society of America  (14)
  • Agu  (10)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (5)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1
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    Coseismic recrystallization during shallow earthquake slip (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: Solidified frictional melts, or pseudotachylytes, remain the only unambiguous indicator of seismic slip in the geological record. However, pseudotachylytes form at 〉5 km depth, and there are many rock types in which they do not form at all. We performed low- to high-velocity rock friction experiments designed to impose realistic coseismic slip pulses on calcite fault gouges, and report that localized dynamic recrystallization may be an easy-to-recognize microstructural indicator of seismic slip in shallow, otherwise brittle fault zones. Calcite gouges with starting grain size 〈250 μm were confined up to 26 MPa normal stress using a purpose-built sample holder. Slip velocities were between 0.01 and 3.4 m s−1, and total displacements between 1 and 4 m. At coseismic slip velocities ≥0.1 m s−1, the gouges were cut by reflective principal slip surfaces lined by polygonal grains 〈1 μm in size. The principal slip surfaces were flanked by 〈300 μm thick layers of dynamically recrystallized calcite (grain size 1–10 μm) containing well-defined shape- and crystallographic-preferred orientations. Dynamic recrystallization was accompanied by fault weakening and thermal decomposition of calcite to CO2 + CaO. The recrystallized calcite aggregates resemble those found along the principal slip surface of the Garam thrust, South Korea, exhumed from 〈5 km depth. We suggest that intense frictional heating along the experimental and natural principal slip surfaces resulted in localized dynamic recrystallization, a microstructure that may be diagnostic of seismic slip in the shallow crust.
    Description: Published
    Description: 63-66
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Rock mechanics ; shallow earthquales ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.06. Rheology, friction, and structure of fault zones ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    On the relevance of Born theory in global seismic tomography (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Does the application of seismic Born theory, as opposed to simpler ray theory, lead to an improvement in tomographic images of the Earth? In recent publications, Montelli et al. (2004a, 2004b) and van der Hilst and de Hoop (2005) among others have expressed opposite opinions. We propose a quantitative approach to the comparison of tomographic images, which we apply to the case of surface-wave phase velocity maps derived with Born vs. ray theory.
    Description: Published
    Description: L06302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: global seismic tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Mirror-like faults and power dissipation during earthquakes (2015)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: Earthquakes occur along faults in response to plate tectonic movements, but paradoxically, are not widely recognized in the geological record, severely limiting our knowledge of earthquake physics and hampering accurate assessments of seismic hazard. Light-reflective (so-called mirror like) fault surfaces are widely observed geological features, especially in carbonate-bearing rocks of the shallow crust. Here we report on the occurrence of mirror-like fault surfaces cutting dolostone gouges in the Italian Alps. Using friction experiments, we demonstrate that the mirror-like surfaces develop only at seismic slip rates (∼1 m/s) and for applied normal stresses and sliding displacements consistent with those estimated on the natural faults. Under these experimental conditions, the frictional power density dissipated in the samples is comparable to that estimated for natural earthquakes (1–10 MW/m2). Our results indicate that mirror-like surfaces in dolostone gouges are a signature of seismic faulting, and can be used to estimate power dissipation during ancient earthquake ruptures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1175-1178
    Description: 4T. Fisica dei terremoti e scenari cosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earthquakes ; Faults ; Carbonates ; Rock Mechanics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.04. Mineral physics and properties of rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Eruption early warning at Vesuvius: The A.D. 1631 lesson (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Knowledge of past precursor patterns is crucial for the correct interpretation of monitoring data and reliable volcano forecasting. In the case of Vesuvius, one of the world’s riskiest volcanoes, very little information is available about unrest signals following long periods of quiescence. The translation and analysis of three Latin treatises written from eye-witnesses immediately after the A.D. 1631 subplinian eruption allowed us to reconstruct the sequence of precursors. The progression in the signals was remarkably clear starting at least two to three weeks before the event. Widespread gas emission from the ground coupled with deformation was followed by an increase in seismic activity in the eight days before the eruption. Seismicity escalated both in frequency and intensity in the night before the eruption, heralding the opening of fissures on the volcanic cone. The details of phenomena occurring in the medium-term (months before the eruption) are difficult to evaluate, though it is worth noticing that no major tectonic earthquakes were felt in the area of the volcano. Civil protection preparedness plans should be organized in order to complete the evacuation of people in a time span significantly shorter than the duration of expected short-term precursors.
    Description: Published
    Description: L18317
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Vesuvius ; A. D. 1631 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Mechanisms of conduit plug formation: implications for Vulcanian explosions. (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We explore physical mechanisms controlling formation of a confining conduit plug using 1D, steady-state numerical models of magma ascent. Model results for the welldocumented 1997 Vulcanian explosions at Soufrie`re Hills volcano were compared against subsurface conditions constrained by geophysical and petrologic analysis. We suggest that, if magma is permeable and overpressured and rock surrounding the conduit is permeable, degassing occurs both vertically and through conduit walls. This outgassing creates a region of low-vesicularity, dense magma near the surface (magma plug) which eventually seals the conduit and promotes system overpressure. Driving pressure increases with increasing magma flow rate, hindering volatile exsolution and shifting open-system degassing to shallower levels of the conduit. As a result, increasing magma flow rate for a fixed conduit width creates a vertically thinner plug and increases the magnitude and vertical extent of conduit overpressure. Plug thickness and density are also controlled by magma and edifice permeability
    Description: Published
    Description: L20302
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: physical mechanisms ; magma ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Renewed ground uplift at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy): New insight on magmatic processes and forecast (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Campi Flegrei caldera, including the extremely urbanised city of Naples, is the most risky volcanic area in the World. The last eruption in the area (1538) occurred at the end of some decades of ground uplift, superimposed to secular subsidence. During the last four decades, it experienced a huge uplift phase, reaching about 3.5 m in 1985, when a subsidence phase started. Recent geodetic data demonstrate that such a subsidence phase has terminated, and a new uplift episode started in November 2004, with a low but increasing rate leading to about 0.04 m of uplift till the end of October 2006. A new indicator, based on the monitoring of maximum horizontal to vertical displacement ratio with continuous GPS, indicates that this uplift is likely to be associated with input of magmatic fluids from a shallow magma chamber. The method is promising to monitor magma intrusion processes, at this and other volcanoes. Citation: Troise, C., G. De Natale, F. Pingue,
    Description: Published
    Description: L03301
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 1.3. TTC - Sorveglianza geodetica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Campi Flegrei caldera ; magmatic processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Simultaneous magma and gas eruptions at three volcanoes in southern Italy: an earthquake trigger? (2008)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: In September 2002, a series of tectonic earthquakes occurred north of Sicily, Italy, followed by three events of volcanic unrest within 150 km. On October 28, 2002, Mt. Etna erupted; on November 3, 2002, submarine degassing occurred near Panarea Island; and on December 28, 2002, Stromboli Island erupted. All of these events were considered unusual: the Mt. Etna NE-rift eruption was the largest in 55 yr, the Panarea degassing was one of the strongest ever detected there, and the Stromboli eruption, which produced a landslide and tsunami, was the largest effusive eruption in 17 yr. Here, we investigate the synchronous occurrence of these clustered unrest events, and develop a possible explanatory model. We compute short-term earthquake-induced dynamic strain changes and compare them to long-term tectonic effects. Results suggest that the earthquake-induced strain changes exceeded annual tectonic strains by at least an order of magnitude. This agitation occurred in seconds, and may have induced fluid and gas pressure migration within the already active hydrothermal and magmatic systems.
    Description: In press
    Description: 1.4. TTC - Sorveglianza sismologica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: 4.2. TTC - Scenari e mappe di pericolosità sismica
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake trigger ; magma and gas eruptions ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Fissure eruptions at Mount Vesuvius (Italy):insights on the shallow propagation of dikes at volcanoes (2007)
    Geological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Fissure eruptions may provide important information on the shallow propagation of dikes at volcanoes. Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) consists of the active Vesuvius cone, bordered to the north by the remnants of the older Somma edifice. Historical chronicles are considered to define the development of the 37 fissure eruptions between A.D. 1631 and 1944. The 1631 fissure, which reopened the magmatic conduit, migrated upward and was the only one triggered by the subvertical propagation of a dike. The other 25 fissure eruptions migrated downward, when the conduit was open, through the lateral propagation of radial dikes. We suggest two scenarios for the development of the fissures. When the summit conduit is closed, the fissures are fed by vertically propagating dikes. When the summit conduit is open, the fissures are fed by laterally propagating dikes along the volcano slopes. Consistent behaviors are found at other composite volcanoes, suggesting a general application to our model, independent of the tectonic setting and composition of magma. At Vesuvius, the historical data set and our scenarios are used to predict the consequences of the emplacement of fissures after the opening of the conduit. The results suggest that, even though the probability of opening of vents within the inhabited south and west slopes is negligible, the possibility that these are reached by a lava flow remains significant.
    Description: Published
    Description: 673-676
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: fissures ; dike propagation ; conduit ; Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 308433 bytes
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  • 9
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    Tomomorphometry of the Somma-Vesuvius volcano (Italy) (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A tomomorphometric analysis of the Somma-Vesuvius topography is presented. This consists in extracting horizontal cross sections at different altitudes, and in determining some morphometric parameters: radius of the circle with a surface area equal to the cross section, circularity, ratio between the major and minor axis of the best fitting ellipse, orientation a of the ellipse major axis, and the x-y centroid. The Somma includes three portions: the apron zone, the flanks, and the summit caldera boundary. Between 225 m and 525 m, a is 50 –60 . Between 600 m and 775 m, a is 130 –135 . These are the preferred strike of the eruptive fissures affecting the northwestern Somma flanks, the faults affecting the whole edifice, the nodal planes from local earthquakes. The Somma activity developed along a NE-SW structural discontinuity, whereas the post-caldera activity concentrated along a NW-SE striking structure. Somma activity migrates from SE to NW.
    Description: Published
    Description: L17305
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Tomomorphometry ; Somma-Vesuvius volcano ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.03. Geomorphology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Compressional velocity structure and anisotropy in the uppermost mantle beneath Italy and surrounding regions (2007)
    Agu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Travel times of about 39,000 Pn arrivals recorded from regional earthquakes by the Italian Telemetered Seismic Network and by stations of nearby countries are inverted to image lateral variations of seismic velocity and anisotropy at subcrustal depth in Italy and surrounding regions. This method allows simultaneous imaging of variations of Pn velocity and anisotropy, as well as crustal thickness variations. The Po plain, the Adriatic Sea, and the Ionian Sea have normal to high Pn velocities. In contrast, lower velocities (7.9-8.0 km/s) are imaged in Italy beneath the western Alps, the northern Apennines, and eastern Sicily and nearby Calabria, as well as in northern Albania and beneath the Pannonian basin. Low Pn velocities beneath the northern Apennines correlate with present-day extension and may have resulted from thermal anomalies in the uppermost mantle due to delamination processes. Low velocities are consistent with the high-attenuation zone inferred in the uppermost mantle beneath the internal Apennine units and the Tyrrhenian margin of the peninsula by Mele et al. [1996, 1997]. On the contrary, low velocities beneath the western Alps may be an apparent effect due to the abrupt thickening of the crustal roots. Pn velocity is anisotropic in the study area with a maximum amplitude of ± 0.2 km/s. The largest anisotropic velocity anomalies are observed along the major arc structures of Italy, i.e., the northern Apennines and the Calabrian Arc, indicating that these features are controlled by uppermost mantle processes. The anisotropy anomaly along the Calabrian Arc extends as far as Albania but ends abruptly north of this area, suggesting that a lithospheric discontinuity is present along the northern Albanian border.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12,529-12,543
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Pn anisotropic tomography ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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